id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 8 722 | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5731c593e17f3d14004223c6 | Antibiotics | The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. | What is the purpose of antibiotic treatment? | {
"text": [
"survive high doses of antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
5731c593e17f3d14004223c7 | Antibiotics | For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. | When was antibacterial-resistance demonstrated? | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
5731c593e17f3d14004223c8 | Antibiotics | For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. | Who made the demonstration in 1943? | {
"text": [
"Luria–Delbrück"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
5733b31dd058e614000b609f | Antibiotics | Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial. | What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon? | {
"text": [
"concentration"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
5731bff5e17f3d1400422398 | Antibiotics | These findings are based on laboratory studies, and in clinical settings have also been shown to eliminate bacterial infection. | What does this eliminate? | {
"text": [
"bacterial infection"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5731bff5e17f3d1400422397 | Antibiotics | A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. | What does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials depend on what? | {
"text": [
"bacterial growth phase"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
5731bff5e17f3d1400422399 | Antibiotics | A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. | What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity? | {
"text": [
"division of bacterial cells"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
5731bff5e17f3d140042239a | Antibiotics | Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial. | What does the activity of antibacterials depends on? | {
"text": [
"concentration"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
5733b31dd058e614000b609e | Antibiotics | These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. | What does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail? | {
"text": [
"host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
5733b31dd058e614000b60a0 | Antibiotics | To predict clinical outcome, the antimicrobial activity of an antibacterial is usually combined with its pharmacokinetic profile, and several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy. | How do you predict the clinical result? | {
"text": [
"several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
5733b4cf4776f419006610ca | Antibiotics | Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. | What do anitibiotics mostly target? | {
"text": [
"bacterial functions or growth processes"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
5733b4cf4776f419006610cb | Antibiotics | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | Which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall? | {
"text": [
"penicillins and cephalosporins"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
5733b4cf4776f419006610cc | Antibiotics | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | Which type of antibiotic goes after the cell membrane? | {
"text": [
"polymyxins"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5733b4cf4776f419006610cd | Antibiotics | Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). | What 3 types go after protein synthesis? | {
"text": [
"(macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
5731c1260fdd8d15006c6503 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. | Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? | {
"text": [
"mechanism of action"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
5731c1260fdd8d15006c6504 | Antibiotics | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | What is another name used for bacterial cell wall? | {
"text": [
"penicillins and cephalosporins"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
5731c1260fdd8d15006c6505 | Antibiotics | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | whats another word for cell membrane? | {
"text": [
"polymyxins"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5731c1260fdd8d15006c6506 | Antibiotics | Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and l... | How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in the late 2000's/ | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
5733b4cf4776f419006610c9 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. | What three ways are antibiotics classified? | {
"text": [
"mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
5733b6a2d058e614000b6122 | Antibiotics | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. | What are antibiotics in chemical terms? | {
"text": [
"semisynthetic modifications"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
5733b6a2d058e614000b6123 | Antibiotics | These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the q... | What type of antibiotics include penicilin? | {
"text": [
"beta-lactam antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
5733b6a2d058e614000b6124 | Antibiotics | These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the q... | What are the type of antibiotics which are taken from still living things? | {
"text": [
"aminoglycosides"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
5733b6a2d058e614000b6125 | Antibiotics | These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the q... | How are the slufonamides,quinolones, and oxazolidinones created? | {
"text": [
"synthesis"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
5731c2fd0fdd8d15006c6515 | Antibiotics | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. | Besides semisytetic modifications, what advances in medicinal chemistry regarding antibacterials? | {
"text": [
"various natural compounds"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
5731c2fd0fdd8d15006c6516 | Antibiotics | Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.[citation needed] | What is the molecular weight loss of antibacterial compounds? | {
"text": [
"2000 atomic mass units"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5731c2fd0fdd8d15006c6517 | Antibiotics | These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the q... | What is included in the beta-lactam antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"penicillins"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
5731c2fd0fdd8d15006c6518 | Antibiotics | These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the q... | What is penicillins produced by? | {
"text": [
"fungi"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
573016fb947a6a140053d0b4 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. | What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
573016fb947a6a140053d0b5 | Antibiotics | Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. | What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
573016fb947a6a140053d0b7 | Antibiotics | This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ... | What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?' | {
"text": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
573016fb947a6a140053d0b6 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. | In which century were antibiotics first introduced? | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
573016fb947a6a140053d0b8 | Antibiotics | This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ... | What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"anyone, of any age, in any country"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
5730ba2f396df919000962ee | Antibiotics | Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. | What does there medicines do for livestock? | {
"text": [
"develop resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5730ba2f396df919000962ef | Antibiotics | This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ... | What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world?? | {
"text": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5730ba2f396df919000962ec | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. | In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine? | {
"text": [
"20th"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
5730ba2f396df919000962f0 | Antibiotics | This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ... | Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause? | {
"text": [
"antibiotic resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
5730ba2f396df919000962ed | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. | What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis? | {
"text": [
"vaccination"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422341 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. | When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine? | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422342 | Antibiotics | Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. | What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock? | {
"text": [
"develop resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422343 | Antibiotics | This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ... | What organization stated that the world has this serious problem? | {
"text": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422344 | Antibiotics | This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ... | What regions in the world does this apply in? | {
"text": [
"every region of the world"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
5732843bb3a91d1900202df7 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. | When were antibiotics created? | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
5732843bb3a91d1900202dfa | Antibiotics | This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ... | What is a common problem in antibiotic use? | {
"text": [
"antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
5732843bb3a91d1900202df9 | Antibiotics | Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. | Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry? | {
"text": [
"livestock raising"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
5732843bb3a91d1900202df8 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. | What disease did antibiotics help eliminate? | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
573018d5947a6a140053d0e4 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. | What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified? | {
"text": [
"empirical therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
573018d5947a6a140053d0e5 | Antibiotics | Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing? | {
"text": [
"laboratory"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
573018d5947a6a140053d0e6 | Antibiotics | While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. | What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy? | {
"text": [
"broad spectrum antibiotic"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
573018d5947a6a140053d0e7 | Antibiotics | While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. | At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy? | {
"text": [
"While the microorgainsim is being identified"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
573018d5947a6a140053d0e8 | Antibiotics | Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | How long does the identification process take? | {
"text": [
"several days"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d82 | Antibiotics | While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. | What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet? | {
"text": [
"broad spectrum antibiotic"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d83 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. | What happens in empirical therapy? | {
"text": [
"a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d84 | Antibiotics | Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | When is empirical started? | {
"text": [
"before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
57301a6b04bcaa1900d7719f | Antibiotics | Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. | What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"fever and nausea"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a0 | Antibiotics | Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. | What causes diarrhea? | {
"text": [
"disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a1 | Antibiotics | Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. | What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area? | {
"text": [
"yeast"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a2 | Antibiotics | Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. | What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage? | {
"text": [
"a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a3 | Antibiotics | Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"alter the host microbiota"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4e | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. | What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans? | {
"text": [
"negative effects"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4f | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. | What do antibiotics need approval for? | {
"text": [
"clinical use"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc50 | Antibiotics | Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. | What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used? | {
"text": [
"microbial organisms"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc51 | Antibiotics | Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. | Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect? | {
"text": [
"Adverse effects"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc52 | Antibiotics | Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"host microbiota"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
57328a33b3a91d1900202e29 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. | Why are antibiotics checked before use? | {
"text": [
"negative effects on humans or other mammals"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2a | Antibiotics | Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. | Name some adverse effects? | {
"text": [
"fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2b | Antibiotics | Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. | Name some side-effects? | {
"text": [
"diarrhea"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2c | Antibiotics | Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. | What can happen to vaginal flora? | {
"text": [
"overgrowth of yeast"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
57328a33b3a91d1900202e2d | Antibiotics | Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. | What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs? | {
"text": [
"Additional side-effects"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57301bfca23a5019007fcd81 | Antibiotics | Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. | What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age? | {
"text": [
"increased body mass"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
57301bfca23a5019007fcd82 | Antibiotics | Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. | What does STAT stand for? | {
"text": [
"subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
57301bfca23a5019007fcd83 | Antibiotics | Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. | What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT? | {
"text": [
"penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
57301bfca23a5019007fcd84 | Antibiotics | However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. | Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans? | {
"text": [
"unclear"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
57301bfca23a5019007fcd85 | Antibiotics | Although there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity, the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans needs to be weighed against the beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy. | Why do physicians use antibiotics on infants when the relationship has been proven? | {
"text": [
"weighed against the beneficial effects"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
57328cf2b3a91d1900202e33 | Antibiotics | Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. | What can happen if people are exposed to antibiotics at a young age? | {
"text": [
"increased body mass"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
57328cf2b3a91d1900202e34 | Antibiotics | Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. | When do intestinal microbiota develop? | {
"text": [
"Early life"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57328cf2b3a91d1900202e35 | Antibiotics | However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. | Do antibiotics increase the chance of getting fat for humans? | {
"text": [
"unclear"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
57302106a23a5019007fcdf7 | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). | Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills? | {
"text": [
"The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57302106a23a5019007fcdf8 | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). | What percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"about 1%"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
57302106a23a5019007fcdf9 | Antibiotics | Effects on the intestinal flora, which might result in reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon, have also been suggested, but such suggestions have been inconclusive and controversial. | What are the potential effects on intestinal flora? | {
"text": [
"reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
57302106a23a5019007fcdfa | Antibiotics | Effects on the intestinal flora, which might result in reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon, have also been suggested, but such suggestions have been inconclusive and controversial. | Have these potential effects been proven through testing? | {
"text": [
"inconclusive and controversial"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
57302106a23a5019007fcdfb | Antibiotics | Clinicians have recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives. | What do physicians recommend to counteract this potential issue? | {
"text": [
"extra contraceptive measures"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5731bd47e99e3014001e6236 | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). | What do antibiotics interfere with? | {
"text": [
"contraceptive pills"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
5731bd47e99e3014001e6237 | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). | What percent is the failure rate of contraceptive pills? | {
"text": [
"about 1%"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
5731bd47e99e3014001e6238 | Antibiotics | Effects on the intestinal flora, which might result in reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon, have also been suggested, but such suggestions have been inconclusive and controversial. | Whhat does intestinal flora reduce? | {
"text": [
"absorption of estrogens"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
5731bd47e99e3014001e6239 | Antibiotics | Clinicians have recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives. | In therapy, what does the antibacterial interact with? | {
"text": [
"oral contraceptives"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
573296880342181400a2027d | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). | Do antibiotics mess with birth control pills? | {
"text": [
"antibiotics do interfere"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
573296880342181400a2027f | Antibiotics | Clinicians have recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives. | What should women do if they are using antibiotics and birth control pills? | {
"text": [
"extra contraceptive measures"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
573296880342181400a2027e | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). | What is birth control failure rate due to antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"about 1%"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
57302230a23a5019007fce13 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. | What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"decreased effectiveness"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
57302230a23a5019007fce14 | Antibiotics | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol? | {
"text": [
"moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
57302230a23a5019007fce15 | Antibiotics | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic? | {
"text": [
"there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
57302230a23a5019007fce16 | Antibiotics | Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread. | How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? | {
"text": [
"widespread"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
5731be590fdd8d15006c64e1 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. | What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause? | {
"text": [
"decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
5731be590fdd8d15006c64e2 | Antibiotics | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | What is unlikely to interfere with with many common antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"alcohol consumption"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
5731be590fdd8d15006c64e3 | Antibiotics | Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread. | What belief should bever be mixed widespread? | {
"text": [
"alcohol and antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
573299421d5d2e14009ff861 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. | What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness? | {
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
573299421d5d2e14009ff862 | Antibiotics | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol? | {
"text": [
"specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
573299421d5d2e14009ff863 | Antibiotics | Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread. | Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
5731c904b9d445190005e551 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. | What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains? | {
"text": [
"Intrinsic antibacterial resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
5731c904b9d445190005e554 | Antibiotics | For instance, antibacterial resistance genes can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids that carry these resistance genes. | What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance? | {
"text": [
"antibacterial resistance genes"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.