id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 8 722 | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5731c904b9d445190005e552 | Antibiotics | For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. | What can be absent from the bacterial genome? | {
"text": [
"antibiotic target"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
5731c904b9d445190005e553 | Antibiotics | The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange. | When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/ | {
"text": [
"vertical transmission"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
5733c3f34776f419006611d4 | Antibiotics | Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. | What does some resistance come from? | {
"text": [
"mutation"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
5733c3f34776f419006611d5 | Antibiotics | The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange. | What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance? | {
"text": [
"vertical transmission of mutations"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
5733c3f34776f419006611d6 | Antibiotics | Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials. | What do plasmids do in resistance? | {
"text": [
"carry several different resistance genes"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
5733c4ca4776f419006611e4 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. | What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes? | {
"text": [
"superbugs"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
5733c4ca4776f419006611e5 | Antibiotics | For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeutic challenges. | What was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance? | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
5733c4ca4776f419006611e6 | Antibiotics | Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. | How many new infections of resistant TB are reported per year? | {
"text": [
"half a million"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
5733c4ca4776f419006611e7 | Antibiotics | Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. | What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB? | {
"text": [
"MDR-TB"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
5733c6d84776f41900661208 | Antibiotics | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | What are the two biggest reasons for resistance? | {
"text": [
"Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733c6d84776f41900661209 | Antibiotics | Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. | What is a common method of misuse? | {
"text": [
"Self prescription"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733c6d84776f4190066120a | Antibiotics | The overuse of antibiotics, like penicillin and erythromycin, has been associated with emerging antibiotic resistance since the 1950s. | What is an example of bad treatment causing resistance? | {
"text": [
"overuse of antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
5733c81c4776f4190066121c | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. | What is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling? | {
"text": [
"prophylactic antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
5733c81c4776f4190066121d | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. | What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior use? | {
"text": [
"failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
5733c81c4776f4190066121e | Antibiotics | Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery. | What are 3 other common forms of bad antibiotic practices? | {
"text": [
"failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
5733c81c4776f4190066121f | Antibiotics | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment, for example, is their prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold. | What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"Inappropriate antibiotic treatment"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733c81c4776f41900661220 | Antibiotics | One study on respiratory tract infections found "physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who appeared to expect them". | What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right? | {
"text": [
"prescribe antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
5733cb484776f41900661256 | Antibiotics | The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. | What is the name of a US government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
5733cb484776f41900661257 | Antibiotics | This task force aims to actively address antimicrobial resistance, and is coordinated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as other US agencies. | Which agencies control this task force? | {
"text": [
"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
5733cb484776f41900661258 | Antibiotics | In France, an "Antibiotics are not automatic" government campaign started in 2002 and led to a marked reduction of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, especially in children. | When did the French start going after overuse of antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
5733cd2bd058e614000b62b3 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. | When did the EU ban antibiotics for speeding up growth? | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
5733cd2bd058e614000b62b4 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. | What report caused the UK to worry about resistance? | {
"text": [
"Swann report 1969"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5733cd2bd058e614000b62b5 | Antibiotics | Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly the... | What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of antibiotics in the production of food animals? | {
"text": [
"American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
5733cd2bd058e614000b62b6 | Antibiotics | Two federal bills (S.742 and H.R. 2562) aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals were proposed, but have not passed. | Name two US bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production? | {
"text": [
"S.742 and H.R. 2562"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
5733cd2bd058e614000b62b7 | Antibiotics | These bills were endorsed by public health and medical organizations, including the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA). | What 3 medical associations supported the bills? | {
"text": [
"American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA)"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
5733d178d058e614000b6321 | Antibiotics | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. | What besides sick people are antibiotics used for? | {
"text": [
"animal husbandry"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
5733d178d058e614000b6322 | Antibiotics | In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. | When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals? | {
"text": [
"1977"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
5733d178d058e614000b6323 | Antibiotics | In March 2012, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, ruling in an action brought by the Natural Resources Defense Council and others, ordered the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock, which violated FDA regulations. | When did a district court order the FDA to stop approving antibiotics in animals? | {
"text": [
"March 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5733d2444776f419006612d8 | Antibiotics | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. | What methods did people use before antibiotics to treat infections? | {
"text": [
"medicinal folklore"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
5733d2444776f419006612d9 | Antibiotics | Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. | When were some kinds of antimicrobials first used? | {
"text": [
"over 2000 years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5733d2444776f419006612da | Antibiotics | Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts to treat infections. | What type of things did Egyptians and Greeks use? | {
"text": [
"mold and plant materials and extracts"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
5733d2444776f419006612db | Antibiotics | The term 'antibiosis', meaning "against life", was introduced by the French bacteriologist Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by these early antibacterial drugs. | What does antibiosis mean? | {
"text": [
"against life"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
5733d2444776f419006612dc | Antibiotics | The term 'antibiosis', meaning "against life", was introduced by the French bacteriologist Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by these early antibacterial drugs. | Who came up with the term antibiosis? | {
"text": [
"Jean Paul Vuillemin"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
5733d3334776f419006612e2 | Antibiotics | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). | What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections? | {
"text": [
"mold"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
5733d3334776f419006612e3 | Antibiotics | In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. | Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold? | {
"text": [
"Alexander Fleming"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
5733d3334776f419006612e4 | Antibiotics | Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound he named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy. | What mold did Fleming notice had antibacterial properties? | {
"text": [
"penicillin"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
5733d3334776f419006612e5 | Antibiotics | Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound he named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy. | What did Fleming initially think a good use would be for it? | {
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
5733d4364776f419006612f2 | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. | What was the first available antibiotic? | {
"text": [
"Prontosil"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
5733d4364776f419006612f3 | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. | What company developed Prontosil? | {
"text": [
"IG Farben"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
5733d4364776f419006612f4 | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. | Who led the team that came up with Prontosil? | {
"text": [
"Gerhard Domagk"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
5733d4364776f419006612f5 | Antibiotics | Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. | What prize did Domagk get for his work? | {
"text": [
"1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
5733d4c24776f41900661304 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | What was the first antibiotic developed from nature? | {
"text": [
"tyrothricin"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
5733d4c24776f41900661305 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | When was tyrothricin created? | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5733d4c24776f41900661306 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | What also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin? | {
"text": [
"start of World War II,"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
5733d4c24776f41900661307 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | Who discovered tyrothricin? | {
"text": [
"Rene Dubos"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
5733d4c24776f41900661308 | Antibiotics | It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. | What was tyrothricin used for during the war? | {
"text": [
"wounds and ulcers"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
5733d5f24776f41900661314 | Antibiotics | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. | When was penicillin G first purified? | {
"text": [
"1942"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5733d5f24776f41900661315 | Antibiotics | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. | When did penicillin G become available outside of military use? | {
"text": [
"1945"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
5733d5f24776f41900661316 | Antibiotics | Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. | Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin? | {
"text": [
"Norman Heatley"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
5733d5f24776f41900661317 | Antibiotics | The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945. | When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered? | {
"text": [
"1945"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
5733d5f24776f41900661318 | Antibiotics | The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945. | Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin? | {
"text": [
"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
5733d670d058e614000b6379 | Antibiotics | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. | What do vaccines need to work? | {
"text": [
"immune modulation or augmentation"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
5733d670d058e614000b637a | Antibiotics | Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases. | What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives? | {
"text": [
"Antibacterial vaccines"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733d670d058e614000b637b | Antibiotics | Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates have been replaced largely by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines consisting of purified components, including capsular polysaccharides and their conjugates, to protein carriers, as well as inactivated toxins (toxoids) and proteins. | What types of vaccines have been phased out? | {
"text": [
"Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733d6e64776f41900661328 | Antibiotics | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. | What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria? | {
"text": [
"Phage therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5733d6e64776f41900661329 | Antibiotics | The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. | How have researchers been doing this? | {
"text": [
"infecting pathogenic bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
5733d6e64776f4190066132a | Antibiotics | One of the worries about using phages to fight pathogens is that the phages will infect "good" bacteria, or the bacteria that are important in the everyday function of human beings. | What is a worry of using phages? | {
"text": [
"phages will infect \"good\" bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
5733d88b4776f41900661344 | Antibiotics | Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in the United States. | How many antibiotics have been created in the last 7 years? | {
"text": [
"2"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
5733d88b4776f41900661345 | Antibiotics | The report identified seven antibiotics against the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) currently in phase 2 or phase 3 clinical trials. | How many are in the pipelin to fight GNB? | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
5733d88b4776f41900661346 | Antibiotics | In April 2013, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance. | What year did the Infectious Disease Society of America say that production of new antibiotics does not keep up with resistance? | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
5733d91e4776f4190066134a | Antibiotics | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. | Who regulates antibiotic approval? | {
"text": [
"FDA"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
5733d91e4776f4190066134b | Antibiotics | Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. | What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics? | {
"text": [
"economic incentives"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
5733d91e4776f4190066134c | Antibiotics | Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. | What are resistant bacteria called in the media? | {
"text": [
"superbugs"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
5733d91e4776f4190066134d | Antibiotics | According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials mo... | Who is a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts? | {
"text": [
"Allan Coukell,"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
56cbd2356d243a140015ed6a | Frédéric_Chopin | A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising. | At what age did Frédéric depart from Poland? | {
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
56ce0a3762d2951400fa69da | Frédéric_Chopin | A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising. | At what age did Chopin leave Poland? | {
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
56d1ca30e7d4791d009021a9 | Frédéric_Chopin | A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising. | How old was Chopin when he left Poland? | {
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
56cbd2f96d243a140015ed70 | Frédéric_Chopin | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. | At what age did Frédéric move to Paris? | {
"text": [
"21"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
56cbd2f96d243a140015ed71 | Frédéric_Chopin | Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. | How many public performances was Frédéric estimated to have given during the remainder of his life? | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
56cbd2f96d243a140015ed72 | Frédéric_Chopin | In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. | In what year did Frédéric obtain citizenship in France? | {
"text": [
"1835"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56cbd2f96d243a140015ed73 | Frédéric_Chopin | A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838–39 was one of his most productive periods of composition. | In what area had Frédéric's most productive period of composition taken place? | {
"text": [
"Majorca"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
56cbd2f96d243a140015ed74 | Frédéric_Chopin | He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis. | What was Frédéric's most likely cause of death? | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
56ce0d8662d2951400fa69e8 | Frédéric_Chopin | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. | Where did he end up living when he was 21? | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56ce0d8662d2951400fa69e9 | Frédéric_Chopin | Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. | How many public shows did he perform during the last years of his life? | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
56ce0d8662d2951400fa69ea | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. | What other composer did Chopin develop a friendship with? | {
"text": [
"Franz Liszt"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
56ce0d8662d2951400fa69eb | Frédéric_Chopin | In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. | What year did he gain citizenship in France? | {
"text": [
"1835"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56ce0d8662d2951400fa69ec | Frédéric_Chopin | After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand. | What is the name of the woman he had a relationship with from 1837-847? | {
"text": [
"Maria Wodzińska"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
56cf5734aab44d1400b89079 | Frédéric_Chopin | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. | At what age did Chopin move to Paris? | {
"text": [
"21"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
56cf5734aab44d1400b8907a | Frédéric_Chopin | Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. | During the last 18 years he lived about how many times did Chopin perform in public? | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
56cf5734aab44d1400b8907c | Frédéric_Chopin | In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. | What year did Chopin become a citizen of France? | {
"text": [
"1835"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56cf5734aab44d1400b8907d | Frédéric_Chopin | In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. | In the last years of his life who was the person that supported him financially? | {
"text": [
"Jane Stirling"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e6 | Frédéric_Chopin | In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. | In what year did Chopin become a French citizen? | {
"text": [
"1835"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e7 | Frédéric_Chopin | In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. | Who gave Chopin money in the last years of his life? | {
"text": [
"Jane Stirling"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e8 | Frédéric_Chopin | He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis. | What was the likely cause of death for Chopin? | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7a | Frédéric_Chopin | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. | What instrument did every composition by Frédéric include? | {
"text": [
"piano"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7b | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin invented the concept of instrumental ballade. | What concept was Frédéric credited with creating? | {
"text": [
"instrumental ballade"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7c | Frédéric_Chopin | Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism,... | Whose music did Frédéric admire the most and thus provide influence on his work? | {
"text": [
"J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7d | Frédéric_Chopin | His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. | What features marked Frédéric's performance style and made them unique? | {
"text": [
"nuance and sensitivity"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
56cbd4c56d243a140015ed7e | Frédéric_Chopin | Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism,... | What establishments did Frédéric frequently visit in Paris that influenced his career? | {
"text": [
"Paris salons"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
56ce0f42aab44d1400b8841e | Frédéric_Chopin | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. | Which instrument do every one of his compositions include? | {
"text": [
"piano"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56ce0f42aab44d1400b8841f | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin invented the concept of instrumental ballade. | What concept did Chopin create? | {
"text": [
"instrumental ballade"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56ce0f42aab44d1400b88420 | Frédéric_Chopin | His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. | What are two things Chopin's performances were known for? | {
"text": [
"nuance and sensitivity"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
56ce0f42aab44d1400b88421 | Frédéric_Chopin | Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism,... | What three composers influenced Chopin's work? | {
"text": [
"J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
56ce0f42aab44d1400b88422 | Frédéric_Chopin | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. | Chopin wrote some music to lyrics, what language were the lyrics? | {
"text": [
"Polish"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
56cf582eaab44d1400b8909b | Frédéric_Chopin | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. | What instrument is involved in all of Chopin's work? | {
"text": [
"piano"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56cf582eaab44d1400b8909c | Frédéric_Chopin | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. | Chopin composed several songs to lyrics of what language? | {
"text": [
"Polish"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
56cf582eaab44d1400b8909d | Frédéric_Chopin | His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. | Chopin's performances were known for what? | {
"text": [
"nuance and sensitivity"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
56cf582eaab44d1400b8909e | Frédéric_Chopin | Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism,... | What three composers did Chopin take inspiration from? | {
"text": [
"J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
56d1cf80e7d4791d00902211 | Frédéric_Chopin | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. | What instrument was all of Chopin's compositions written for? | {
"text": [
"piano"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56d1cf80e7d4791d00902212 | Frédéric_Chopin | All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. | What language were some songs written in that Chopin wrote music for? | {
"text": [
"Polish"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
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