instruction stringlengths 24 29.9k |
|---|
I have manually confirmed an SQLi authentication bypass in a user login portal. The payload itself is quite simple. Can this vulnerability be used to do anything else such as enumerate users or inject a web shell?
|
We have a private website for our clients which needs a username and password for login to see protected information. The users are created by ourselves by petition of our clients for some of their employees, and they must have a valid institutional email (not gmail.com, outlook.com, etc).
Recently we have discussed wh... |
Picture a state of the art implementation of a website registration and login system.
I'm interested in analyzing what a defender gains and loses by feeding the user password to a key-stretching KDF function (e.g. argon2).
Let's start from the basis.
Given a hash function H and a password Pwd, performing h0 = H(Pwd) an... |
To clarify: The FIPS module Security Policy lists using RSA keys for wrap/unwrap. FIPS is a moving target, and the state of the requirements when the CMVP approved module went through the process was such, that a given key's "usage" had to be a single purpose (sign/verify, OR wrap/unwrap, OR key agreement).
So we hav... |
I am new to web development and am trying to implement a password reset feature according to the OWASP cheat sheets: Forgot Password Cheat Sheet
The cheat sheet advises not to send the username as a parameter when the form is submitted and sent to the server. Instead one should store it in the server-side session.
Howe... |
I've read here that HTTPS replay attacks aren't possible from MITM attacks but I want to be sure that it's not saying that HTTPS replay attacks aren't possible at all. I want to know if I have to implement my own obscure method for temporarily preventing the inevitable or if something like this already exists.
Suppose ... |
I have an old computer and I am sure it has trojan or malicious code but after that I bought new one.
The problem is I did not change my old headphone that I used in my old computer and I plugged it in to the new computer.
So are there any problem to use my old headphone?
|
I don't understand this part of the Rainbow table attack.
In all my Google searches, it says that a hacker uses a rainbow table on password hashes.
But how does the hacker obtain the password hashes in the first place?
I have rephrased this question from a previous question which was closed:
How is Salting a password c... |
I have the following setup with a keycloak authentication server and an application:
user logs in on application client side, send un/pw to server
application server sends un/pw to keycloak server for a token
keycloak server sends a token back to application server
application server outputs web page with sensitive da... |
Is there a simple C library or function to programmatically generate a self-signed certificate in C on Ubuntu? Of course, one can execute a simple system("....") call to execute a CLI. I am looking for a native, small, stand-alone library just for this purpose with possibly added functionality but not with the full-we... |
Does Snort have the "automatic protocol detection" function like Suricata? I read that Snort 3 has "Autodetect services for portless configuration" feature. Does it mean that this function is absent in Snort 2? Or they are completely different functions?
|
A fellow developer and I have been having a discussion about how vulnerable a few different methods of developing a hash are, and I've come here to see if smarter people than I (us?) can shed some light.
In PHP, I feel the below is secure ENOUGH to generate as 32 character value that could not be reasonably broken via ... |
I have a Microsoft Account linked to a Microsoft Authenticator app for 2FA purposes. Every time I log in, it first sends me the Authenticator request, but I can always click "Other ways to sign in" and then choose "Use my password instead", which then prompts me for the good old password, and logs me in successfully.
... |
The OWASP IoT top 10 and the ASVS appendix C warn to protect against firmware rollbacks:
C.22 - Verify that the device cannot be downgraded to old versions (anti-rollback) of valid firmware.
What is the purpose of this? In what scenario does this offer protection? Is this supposed to protect against accidental instal... |
It seems when SQL TDE is implemented certificates are used to protect the keys used to encrypt the data. What would be the benefits of using a CA signed certificate in this scenario over a self-signed certificate?
|
For customer reasons, my web app authenticates the user against a proprietary user database using a simple API like bool authenticate(string username, string password)
In case the user changes his password or his account is closed etc., I will need to periodically (say every half hour) re-authenticate against the user ... |
I'm looking at the results of an sslscan of an internal web application, which reports the following:
I'm not sure how to interpret these and couldn't find an elaboration of what exactly this represents on their github page. Are these the signature algorithms used in the available cipher suites for the TLS connection?... |
Its usually recommended that 'don't use your own system of Crypto' rather use standard SSL/TLS! I understand that SSL/TLS is a complete protocol suite that addresses all three elements of CIA triad.
What if I need to use a subset of CIA, say I just need Authentication and Data Integrity. In such a cases isn't using ful... |
Hello I have recently started learning Reverse Engineering. I often hear that it's much easier to find vulnerabilities in a program by looking at it's source code, but i don't know how to find them or what type of loopholes i can find by looking at source code. So Can someone give some examples, study resources or Eboo... |
I am running Hyper-V for years. Recently I tried to harden my environment by applying GPOs that disable NTLM, as NTLM is discouraged by Microsoft. Now Hyper-V VMConnect stopped working and I keep getting “An authentication error has occurred. The function requested is not supported …
This could be due to CreSSP encrypt... |
Noob question alert.
I understand SSL certificates help mitigate MITM attacks, but I see the process to be so badly designed.
Basically the client needs to verify that it is talking to the particular domain's ip. This could be implemented this way. There could be a DNS record containing the server's public key. The cli... |
I'm in the process of setting up a local (i.e. offline and very limited) business, and I'm thinking of generating invoice IDs randomly to avoid the clients knowing that they're customer number #00000001 (and because I prefer something like #30549805 to CLIENT1). I've come across the following script to do this:
#!/usr/... |
My domain expired years ago and was registered by another party.
I have already read Can someone read my E-Mail if I lose ownership of my domain? and see that the answer is yes.
Now if someone buys the domain and creates a mx record pointing to the his own mail server he can read all my confidential emails the people ... |
I saw today that TLS 1.1 and 1.2 are not enabled by default in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008. They can be enabled after an optional update, and after setting a registry key.
Why? Negotiating the TLS version is supposed to find the highest version supported by both parties. What harm does automatically supporting a ... |
I've recently learned about JWT tokens, but I don't understand why I need them. Considering:
HTTPS is enabled, thus the access token can't be stolen along the way. it's encrypted.
If at anytime, the hacker finds a way to read incoming JSON responses from the server, then he can steal both tokens, since the access and ... |
I have an old computer that has old games on it and has some kind of virus or such. If I hooked up its drive, would I be able to copy the files over to my laptop, or would even connecting the drive trigger a virus?
|
We have the following configuration of the /etc/network/interfaces file which was setup by somebody else on this system. It has worked well by allowing other systems on LAN (and the internet) to connect to an nginx/apache run server on that IP regardless of interface they are connecting through (i.e. en or wl).
auto lo... |
I read that it is important to use a salt together with the password to avoid rainbow table attack. I agree with that, but is there any difference, in terms of security, if
I use password + salt or
I use a complex password?
That is, do I need a salt to avoid rainbow table attacks if I use a complex password?
|
I have encrypted a USB drive with BitLocker and I have lost the password and the hash backup. I have tried to search for something to decrypt the drive but came short. I have imaged the USB drive and was wondering is there a way to decrypt an image file?
|
I am using some frameworks that store salts inside databases. For example this article shows how Devise stores salt together with the user information. My question is why do people say that salts prevent rainbow table attacks? I make this question because if I were the attacker and I had a "Devise table" then I might u... |
The Star recently published an article describing an alleged attack against a Moroccan journalist. The article describes the attack as such:
Forensic evidence gathered by Amnesty International on Radi’s phone shows that it was infected by “network injection,” a fully automated method where an attacker intercepts a cel... |
I am working on a project which requires the name of the page as a query parameter 'path'. The app stores path variable as res.query.path. My manager asked me to pay attention to LFI, so I'm concerned about it. The app is using Express.JS, and no PHP.
My question is if the input is not handled carefully, is it still vu... |
I left my apartment for few days, so I disconnected my wireless router but I forgot to disconnect my Chromecast as well. I remember that when a Chromecast can't find the network it was connected to anymore, it creates an open network that can be used to reconnect to another wireless network.
The issue is that I'm away ... |
This is the bash script for my android payload
#!/bin/bash
while :
do am start --user 0 -a android.intent.action.MAIN -n com.metasploit.stage/.MainActivity
sleep 60
done
The issue is when I do Clear running apps in the mobile it doesn't get the connection back, it does the following...
Top Left Terminal is the bash s... |
A recent penetration test has discovered that my org is using the JWT authentication scheme that allows the 'none' algorithm. How exploitable is this in the real world?
I understand that the issue can be used by an attacker to change the payload to another user and then 'sign' it using the none algorithm that would be ... |
I wanted to know if bettercap has a feature that allows to view TLS handshake phase information (as Wireshark does), for example the "Client Hello" ?
|
OpenVPN recommends using a 2048 RSA key size for greater security, however, the hardware I'm using is somewhat weak and defaults to using a 1024 RSA key size. I'm trying to determine if it's worth the hassle of manually changing things to a 2048 sized key. I'm not concerned about anyone eavesdropping on any data bein... |
This is an unconventional approach of CSRF that I came across while doing the pentest for an Android mobile application. The original request is as follows (NB: Values have been edited):
POST /edit/ HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: example Android (22/5.1.1; 320dpi; 720x1280;
Accept-Language: en-US
Cookie: cookies
Authorization: B... |
We're trying to build a packet sniffer that can search and quarantine malware in encrypted transactions without decrypting said transactions.
At present, we're exploring whether homomorphic encryption schemes can help us look for patterns that match rules (which are also encrypted). We're thinking of creating an on-pre... |
I'm using hostapd to setup a wireless access point and dnsmasq as a DNS/DHCP server. I defined in dnsmasq to reply with the IP of the access point (10.0.10.1) when it receives a query for www.messenger.com. Using the setoolkit, I'm hosting on 10.0.10.1:80 a page identical to that of www.messenger.com. When I connect wi... |
I'm doing a pentest on a FreeBSD machine running CuppaCMS. Already managed to login into the CMS with admin privilege, but it only takes me to a manager menu, with some options to change some tables and stuff like that, no RCE visible escalation. So i discovered an exploit on exploit-db.com that leads to LFI, after som... |
I would like to know how the communication between my gym card and the checking point works.
I bought an ACR122U reader, but it seems that I can't read my card with it, the card is not recognized as something readable with that adapter.
The card hasn't the black stripe that suggests that it is a magnetic one.
When I do... |
I've been unable to find any research or information on this.
Google periodically signs me out and forces me to sign back in. I have multiple devices and multiple google accounts so it's a bit frustrating but that's just how it is. However I was thinking about whether this practice is actually secure.
It seems to en... |
I've posted a question (link) related to a potential compromised computer via SSH access with root user. Although no evidence of a break-in, I'm considering extended measures to ensure (as much as possible) that my hardware has not been compromised. The software rootkit/malware would be easier to deal with apart of tec... |
I've been looking at the following figure which shows, with Arm TrustZone architecture, resources of a system can be divided into a Rich Execution Environment (REE) and a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE).
Here I'm trying to understand the following: Suppose a remote party wants a particular trusted application (TA)... |
My provider still uses VPN with MS-CHAP2(no encryption). How easy can it be exploited?
I see a lot of articles but they are from 2012/2013. And some sites do not work. What is going on? Has Microsoft fixed it? Is it still not secure? How cheap such attack can be? What should I do if provider will not consider change of... |
I recently moved an old WordPress site from one hosting to Amazon Lightsail. Once the transfer was done, I noticed that WordPress, its plugins, and themes were all out of date. So, I updated them all. All good after that.
Then, within a day, a user "wordcamp" was registered on WordPress using the email wordcamp@wordpre... |
I have a Wordpress tooltip plugin that converts any links in the tooltip text using special entities, so that my rel="noopener" becomes rel="noopener".
Is there any difference in terms of security in this? Do browsers correctly interpret the rel="noopener" tag? To clarify, I'm referring to a new page opened w... |
It seems that SOCKS5 proxies somehow know the client's timezone (at least) or maybe even the precise datetime. I determined this because the proxy tears the connection in case the local timezone on the client machine is UTC, but the proxy works well if the client timezone is set to GMT+3.
I checked the request that is ... |
Given an IP address of a server connecting to unknown clients via UDP, is it possible to find the IP address of all connected sessions on that server?
I do not have access to the server, I would like to find out who is connecting to it.
|
My login for POST is over HTTPS. Therefore, I don't do anything to the provided password before submitting. And I don't see an issue there unless someone is watching your browser's developer console. (Tested the Google login. They also share the same approach.)
But I've received a concern asking "malicious user succeed... |
Say I own a domain name www.example.com and I'd like to host some resources on it, but being reasonably hidden from the public.
Since a 256 bits has a sufficiently large entropy to prevent an exhaustive traversal, is it correct to consider any URL from my website that contains a hash, as hidden and secured ?
For exampl... |
Due to new laws in my country, any personal information must to be stored encrypted in the database.
So, to be able to perform querys over this data I was thinking to keep an in-memory copy of these tables with decrypted data.
For example, to get everyone that are more than 18 years old will be very hard if the DateOfB... |
I plan to implement the following network configuration :
Internet [(cable A)]
Router A
(192.168.0.x)[(WAN:cable A)(LAN1:cable B)(LAN2:)(LAN3:)(LAN4:)]
Router B
(192.168.1.x)[(WAN:)(LAN1:cable B)(LAN2:)(LAN3:)(LAN4:)]
The first LAN port of router A is connected into the first LAN port of router B, but both routers are ... |
There is a healthy debate around a series of stack overflow posts that refer to the "RunAs" command. Specifically the discussion is in reference to design decision that the folks at Microsoft made a long time ago, to users of this command to enter the users password in one specific way, Raymond Chen accurately summariz... |
Apple claims in this year's WWDC that Face ID and Touch ID count for both Possession and Inherence identity factors, because they are using Biometrics (Inherence) to access the secure element on your phone (Possession) to retrieve a unique key. See here: https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2020/10670/
I think b... |
Access tokens that are passed to the public in an OAuth flow clearly need to be signed using asymmetric encryption (e.g. RSA) so that they cannot be altered by the client to gain access to new scopes, etc.
Id tokens on the other hand are not used to access any resources on the server. So if the client is able to alter ... |
Unless someone has my private ssh key, how is leaving an aws instance open to 0.0.0.0 but only on port 22 via ssh insecure?
The ssh key would be distributed to a small set of people. I prefer to not need to indicate their source IP addresses in advance.
I do see another similar question SSH brute force entry in aws e... |
How do hackers change their voice.
|
the text is
AAAAQwAAAG8AAABuAAAAZwAAAHIAAABhAAAAdAAAAHUAAABsAAAAYQAAAHQAAABpAAAAbwAAAG4AAABz
I have no idea how to decode this
|
From my understanding, PGP supports the generation of a signature from plaintext using the sender's private key. Both the plaintext and the signature are encrypted using the session/symmetric key, and the session/symmetric key is encrypted using the receiver's public key.
I assume the reason the signature is created fr... |
I researched CPU vulnerabilities in the past, such as Specter and Meltdown.
I read that one of those attacks is made easier if the code is a certain way. I cannot remember if it was related to being efficiently written, securely written, or some other reason. However, now I need this quote I cannot find it anywhere.
Wh... |
It's well known that GET requests with ?xx=yy arguments embedded
can be altered in transit, and therefore are insecure.
If I change the request to POST, and use HTTPS, then the parameters
are in the body of the message, which is encrypted, and therefore
difficult to hack, correct?
Two more cases concern me. Suppose GE... |
I have an Outbound Rule in my firewall called "Your Phone".
Settings:
All programs.
In Customize Application Package Settings, it has "Apply to app package..." set with a long identifier starting with "S-1-15-2-1726375552-1729233799- etc. A search of my C-Drive and Registry found nothing.
Apply to all programs and ser... |
Does virtualbox provide enough entropy (random numbers) for the veracrypt program on the virtual machine? Is it cryptographically safe to use veracrypt inside a virtualbox in a windows 10 guest?
|
I have a table in my database where I store records to be processed later (basically orders that need to be invoiced or something similar, but this is not the important part).
Since this software runs on-premises, admins control the database and they're able to insert records directly into it. They usually do this to m... |
If I were to click a link on any of my devices, be it over text message, email, or from a webpage, and enter no information/actions with the target page. What is the worst that could happen?
|
I recently came across a behavior in a web application where the application (through the use of the header Content-Disposition: attachment) offers to download an HTML file instead of allowing it to get parsed by the browser. Interestingly, the GET requests to the URL that lets you download the HTML page passes the abs... |
We have a client/server application which we set a port for both server and client to listen to and then enter a list of clients as IP (Host)/Port pair in the server's admin panel for monitoring clients.
Then the server connects to clients and asks them to send some information and so on.
It works fine in the local net... |
A friend of mine is getting a text asking him to click on a link to view a video. The name is my first and last name. Most people do not spell their first name as mine but there is no phone number and the email address shows up under "other". I googled the email address and the email address belongs to a teacher in ... |
Is there an additional risk associated with storing the master password to a vault inside the vault itself?
I would assume not, since in order to decrypt the vault you must already have that password. But maybe I'm missing something?
And without reuse concerns, anything that can steal the password from the unlocked vau... |
I know that a VPS provider can track the client connected to a VPS (This Q/A) using RDP(Remote desktop protocol). But my question is about websites accessed from the VPS using a browser. Can they know anything about the main client (IP/Location/Local Time etc.) behind the RDP through the browser http (or https or any) ... |
I'm seeing a strange key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\핵樦Ḁ耀 in my registry.
I've seen a few issues like this (here and here) that relate to a UTF-16 <-> ASCII encoding bug, and I've tried translating encodings to see if this helps, but it doesn't seem to.
I tested this with Python like so, after getting the byte values from an onl... |
I read this answer, It explains how a multi-byte character exploit works in a decent way, the only way I could think of avoiding this problem is whitelisting all single-byte characters because of the fact, as D.W. mentioned in the linked answer, that
there are also multi-byte sequences that the database might decode a... |
I wish to privately submit my public key (without it being sniffed on the internet). I found that I have 3 ways to connect to the keyserver securely:
https://<keyserver-url>
hkps://<keyserver-url> (HKP over TLS)
hkp://<keyserver-onion> [Using TOR]
Which one of the 3 is most secure? I'm surprised to find that the Tor ... |
I have a server and I want my iPhone to connect to it securely. However, I cannot just install the self-signed server certificate on my iPhone. When I install the profile (that's what they call the certificate), it says "Not verified".
Normally, you would go to CA Trust settings and enable full trust for the certificat... |
I have a cordova app that logs users in based on their devices model+platform+uuid. For example:
Pixel 2Android39798721218.
The way this works when a user uses a new device is detailed in the following:
Users opens app
App sends uuid code to checking page like: login-uuid?id=(uuid_here)
If the uuid does not exist in t... |
I was searching google to find a good printer to buy. To my horror, the next day I got a spam mail with theme "Print smarter at low price". Is this a coincidence or is my PC breached? What should I do? No alerts from Anti-Virus. Or can that webpage I opened install some malware? I didn't click on anything there.
|
Onyx Boox is a brand of e-book reader produced by Onyx International Inc, based in China. They have e-book readers based on Android OS. They have features that can violate user privacy or other accounts security:
App store with optimized for e-book apps from other App stores: kindle, office, evernote and etc
Account m... |
This is a broader question but here a concrete example:
From apache.org:
File hashes are used to check that a file has been downloaded correctly. They do not provide any guarantees as to the authenticity of the file.
I don't understand this part: 'They do not provide any guarantees as to the authenticity of the file.... |
It's about a CTF Challenge. I'm trying to execute a buffer overflow attack on a C program. The code is :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdint.h>
int enable_flag() {
printf("yay\n");
fflush(stdout);
setreuid(geteuid(), getuid());
... |
The ASN.1 module for X.509 certificates as specified in RFC 5912 - Section 14 is as follows:
TBSCertificate ::= SEQUENCE {
version [0] Version DEFAULT v1,
serialNumber CertificateSerialNumber,
signature AlgorithmIdentifier{SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM,
... |
I am backing up my files to a RAID mirrored HDD, that has full disk encryption (FDE) in place with LUKS. Until now I did this with rsync, but I recently switched to a new backup program that does file level encryption as well.
So my question is: Is there any drawback of having multi levels of encryption, or is it actua... |
I want to exploit a Microsoft IIS HTTPD 10.0 server open which is open in PORT 80. However there is no available exploits in Metasploit but there are few vulnerabilities in this site. Is it possible to make use of these vulnerabilities?
|
I would like to add a ticket based authentication mechanism to my network. Can you give me brief idea where do I start, which language should i write the protocol in and how do i get those in my custom OpenWrt firmware. Thank you!
(Edit)
In a traditional mesh network seamless connection is hard to achieve since as the ... |
I know that apple provides per-file key encryption .i.e. a separate encryption key for each file exists on the apple device. The Hardware Key and the Passcode are required to generate these random keys.
But once the device is unlocked then all the files can be accessed irrespective of the file protection class which si... |
Being a hardware firewall, it can only see the TCP/UDP packets, how can they know that a packet coming inside is inbound or response to an outbound request?
|
I want to split my terminal sessions to different users, to compartmentalize them.
If I sudo -i -u user1 in one terminal window,
can user1 attack my main session?
Everyone talks about sudo to escalate privileges, but I want to reduce them.
|
I'm reading an article from the Institute for Applied Network Security (IANS) titled "Ransomware 2.0: What It Is and What To Do About It", and there's a piece I don't understand. The article requires a subscription, but here's the excerpt (emphasis mine):
[Attackers] typically threaten to release confidential data to ... |
I am currently working on a product similar to smart locks that work with BLE identification. I can handle the hardware of the product very well (mechanics / electronics / embedded software), however, I am totally unaware of how to implement the security layer in the product and how to validate it if exists.
|
If there is a case where I wish to store sensitive data like a password, credit card information, or access tokens:
Are web workers / service workers a secure environment, where such data can not be compromised?
If so, what to do to really secure it?
If not so, why not exactly?
|
Background
In a standard 48-bit MAC address, the 7th (most significant) bit specifies whether it is a universally-administered address (UAA) or a locally-administered address (LAA).
If it is 0, then the MAC address is a UAA and the first 24-bits are the organizationally-unique identifier (OUI) of the manufacturer of th... |
I have a requirement where i need to store confidential data in an encrypted format in the url, i understand POST with body is better approach but it is not an option for me. I am thinking of using a pass phrase based AES 128 bit encryption for encrypting the query string parameter. The concern i have is that the url c... |
In my web application I am using JWT. After a user loggs in, they are issued a refresh token and an access token. The refresh token is sent to cookie storage with the HTTP-only flag, while the access token is only saved in the memory of the front-end application. Basically once the browser is closed and re-opened, a ne... |
Currently I can use
$ gpg --expert --card-status
to interact with smartcards that run the OpenPGP applet. Through trial-and-error, it seems that only the first card reader will interact with gpg. Using options that pass to scdaemon seem to be deprecated:
$ gpg --reader-port 1 --card-status
gpg: WARNING: "--reader-por... |
Which hacking tool makes a request and does not show up on web-server logs?
/en/latest/ has been requested over 116, we don't have this URL on the website at all!
The request to that URL does not show up on web-server logs but I setup google analytics to track ad-blockers by loading the script on a different URL that a... |
I quit my job to start my own SaaS product. I’m now looking to hire my first employee (another developer).
I will be taking appropriate legal precautions to protect my IP, but I’m wondering what other reasonable actions that I can take to further protect my code / data. The last thing that I want happen is what happene... |
It is my understanding that requests from a client browser to a webserver will initially follow the specified protocol e.g, HTTPS, and default to HTTP if not specified (Firefox Tested). On the server side it is desired to enforce a strict type HTTPS for all connections for the privacy of request headers and as a result... |
Our solution includes a Windows tool that creates/opens a persisted RSA key stored in the TPM and encrypts/decrypt data using it. This works flawlessly.
Now we need to decrypt that data but from a Linux OS on that same machine. Can it be done?
The windows code uses NCrypt API (error handling etc removed):
// Open TPM s... |
So you create a .kbdx file, protected by a password.
AFAIK in asymmetric key schemes and in WPA-AES brute-forcing consists of:
Trying a random password on the private key / on the router
If it doesn't log you in, try another.
So, you immediately know if you hit the correct password.
What about a password manager's da... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.