instruction stringlengths 24 29.9k |
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So, here is the deal:
I have a file I cannot change. I cannot, but I know in the future I will want to change it. It's of my understanding that it's not possible to make this file unchangeable while being root. But I want to make it so that the only way to change it is by building my whole OS from ground up.
So, here ... |
Is Web Cache Deception vulnerability exploitable if there is no cache server involved?
If we are not using a cache servers or a CDN to serve the application, then would the application still be vulnerable - say if the client's network using the application has a caching server to serve its users?
Background: Our webapp... |
I am supposed to do a test for AWS. But since AWS has limitations, probably also in the direction of DDoS and other points, what does a corresponding test scenario look like?
It is about a Magento instance that is integrated on AWS.
Do you already have some knowledge on how I could proceed best?
Is there a test profile... |
I was trying to test and intercept traffic from an app developed on Rhodes open source framework, I setup a proxy with burp, and of course I have installed burp certificate on my device hence I can intercept other apps on my device but I am unable to see the traffic of the app in question - its link on burp suite inste... |
I ran a Qualys scan on my website and got a Slow HTTP POST vulnerability. In particular, server resets timeout after accepting request data from peer.
From what I understood from this finding, whenever a similar client restarts its connection to the server, the timer is reset. I have so far configured the connectionTim... |
I am using CVSS to do the vulnerability assessment for my project.
As per documentation here is the definition of local and adjacent
Adjacent (A) The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack, but the attack is limited at the protocol level to a logically adjacent topology. This can mean an attack must be l... |
The format is 1 letter + 5 numbers (e.g. A12345).
Any method and software?
|
I know about images posing a risk to security. I don't open suspicious junk emails for this reason. However, occasionally I have to check my junk email folder without clicking on an email just in case anything mistakenly went in there. I am seeing a growing number of junk emails have images in the FROM name before open... |
According to this Kaspersky blog post, it is a security risk to connect IoT devices, such as Smart TVs, to my home WiFi. It claims I should use my guest WiFi network for this.
Is this true? Is it a security risk to use my regular network to get internet to my TV?
|
I just scanned another installer/EXE with VirusTotal. I've come to depend on this crappy service owned by the evil Google, in spite of its ambiguous messages and extremely confusing interface, because I don't have any other choice.
But I never feel confident about the result, especially not when some engines DO detect ... |
So there are a few cloud storage services such as mega.nz, syn.com and others which state that they use zero knowledge encryption. This would mean that they don't have access to the private keys which are required to decrypt and view the content stored by a user on their cloud storage.
If that is the case, then how is ... |
I downloaded Bitcoin Core from here: https://bitcoin.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.20.0/bitcoin-0.20.0-win64-setup.exe
I then uploaded it to VirusTotal: https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/0f1ea61a9aa9aba383a43bcdb5755b072cfff016b9c6bb0afa772a8685bcf7b0/detection
On that page, it confusingly says:
0f1ea61a9aa9aba383a43bcdb57... |
How to use a USB hard disk to transfer files from Ubuntu to Windows 10 PC in a secure manner? I have not used that disk for a while but it was probably exposed to a few PCs that do not belong to me. What would be a secure way to use it? Ideally, I would like to preserve files on it.I would prefer some antivirus or such... |
I have a friend who is being threatened by anonymous accounts threatening blackmail. I have gotten multiple ip addresses from an iPhone, all 1 number off, from this person but they were stupid enough to tell me the vpn they use (widscribe).
|
Here (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy) it is mentioned
The port number is checked separately by the browser. Any call to document.domain, including document.domain = document.domain, causes the port number to be overwritten with null. Therefore, one cannot make company.com:8080... |
We have a website and for which we have backend APIs.
Now the issue is majority of our APIs are opened for non-logged in user(Functional Requirement).
Now what we want is to secure those APIs in terms that no one you should start crawling and get all the data.
One obvious way is definitely bot detector. What are the ot... |
I already know the password format: 1 Upper Case Letters + 5 digits + bf (bf is the known letters, they must included in the password and at the end)
For example: A12345bf, C12301bf, D10282bf.
I want to hack a website by using Hatch. (brute force)
But it’s too slow, it probably gonna take 1 million years.
So I want to ... |
I have a reverse proxy, configured as the Relying Party of an OpenID Connect identity provider. Then, it delegates the request processing to another web server, exposed on the internet. In order to secure and authenticate this data flow, I thought I could use the RS256 algorithm to sign the ID token and pass it along t... |
I am looking for a way to protect a system utilizing SHA256 on semi-weak passwords against brute force attacks using ASIC-levels of hash-power, ideally by designing a system that is ASIC resistant.
The following scenario is theoretical in nature, and is concluded as a question on how ASICs work at a hardware level.
Sup... |
I'm trying to understand the point of having multiple Certificate Transparency logs. While I understand that it solves the problems of reliability of trust, what baffles me is that so many are operated by the same entity: most notably, Google operates the following:
Google 'Argon2020' log
\- Cert Count: 8720985... |
SCENARIO:
a vulnerable login form. I say vulnerable because if I enter +select(sleep(0))+ the server response normally. If I enter +select(sleep(5))+ the server wait for a period of time greater than 5" and then responds with "connection failed". Can be this considered a proof of SQL injection?
Could I leverage this d... |
Is there a way to configure burpsuite's upstream proxy direct the traffic to the local box's proxy configuration? Additionally is there a way to exclude urls from being directed to the upstream proxy.
|
I'm somewhat new to the field, but I have been tasked with coming up with the best way to connect remote customer sites to our two main offices. The data sent across from the customer to the main offices contains sensitive information and needs to be protected adequately.
From what I've gathered, VPN connections would ... |
A website has some bruteforce prevention for logins, and I need to turn that off because it's buggy and it's causing problems. It will stay turned off, probably forever, because there are no plans to do any maintenance on that website. It's a small company's website, there are only a few users (maybe about 10), and mos... |
Not sure if this kind of review/validation question is allowed - please delete if it isn't.
Like many before, I'm looking for ways to do cloud backup in a way where I trust that I'm still the only one with access to the information.
Context / goals / hypothesis:
data is natively stored on a Linux computer
information ... |
My friend has stolen my IMEi number. Through this can he get my any personal data like whats app message, Calls records, old history of Facebook login details??
|
Can an old and upatched (assume a 15 y.o. TP-Link: so plenty of vulnerabilities) be breached given:
no physical access
WEP is disabled
WPA is up but password is not crackable via aircrack-ng + johntheripper
|
I want to fuzz the restricted shell which is customized linux shell. I can only run certain commands which are specific to application. OS commands are not allowed to run. The shell looks as below after doing ssh to it,
My goal is to fuzz the input parameters for this shell and observe the crashes and unexpected error... |
I'm currently implementing a REST Api for a Single Page Application and Mobile App. Any 3rd party login or grant access to them is not required.
I've microservices behind a gateway (all HTTPS).
My current design is as follows:
POST username/password to /session. This generates two tokens, SessionToken (7 days exp), Acc... |
We have an automated system to disable user accounts that have seen no logins for 90 days. We also have a process of re-enabling such accounts (at the behest of the affected users), and this process involves contacting our customer support.
Alas, too frequently such re-enabled accounts are not actually logged into duri... |
Is there a way to list all keys inside the Utimaco HSM, created by PKCS11 interface and cngtool?
currently, I only can view each of them separately:
PKCS11: using "PKCS#11 CryptoServer Administration" interface.
CNG keys using the command: cngtool ListKeys
|
I manage an Ubuntu server that runs a number of WordPress sites. This morning one of them went down and was showing the exception
PHP Fatal error: Namespace declaration statement has to be the very first statement or after any declare call in the script in /var/www/vhosts/new.wearesno.com/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/w... |
Say I build a mobile app. For the sake of the example, the app is an Android App and let's call it the Client
And this mobile app communicates with a server application. For the sake of this example, the server is a NodeJs Express server and let's call it the Server.
Is there a way we can tell for sure that an Http Req... |
I recall that there is a list of hosting domains that are known to have subdomains from different sources, as for example wix.com and appspot.com, built into browsers. For such domains, subdomains do not inherit trust from the domain.
I forget the name of the list. What is it called?
|
Suppose that I have my mobile connect with a VPN and I use my mobile as a WiFi router to provide internet to a laptop.
If I check my ip from the mobile, it is correctly the ip of VPN while if I check it from the laptop it is the one of my mobile ISP.
Why?
I thought the connection would be channelled through the VPN als... |
I have a list of files taken from a dead system, but not the actual files themselves, or any other information (e.g. properties) that would indicate the OS version. Is there a way to determine the version of the OS based on the presence of particular files?
For example, if a particular file introduced in Windows XP SP2... |
When implementing an authorization system like RBAC/DAC, or XACML, or the AWS IAM authorization model, I see that I can't totally decouple business logic from authorization when there are fine-grained business restrictions.
We don't use ORM. When composing the query to match the role restriction, we can't make simple q... |
So we use DUO for 2FA at work and it uses push notification authentication as the second factor for 2FA. It's so quick and easy! I enter my username and password, get a push notification on my phone, tap Approve, and that's it! No fiddling with codes from an authenticator app or SMS, and definitely much more secure tha... |
According to this Reddit comment, an advertisement on one page seems to be able to log a user's keystrokes on a different page (if I understand the comment correctly).
Is this really true?
Can an advertisement even log keystrokes on its parent page?
|
I'm getting started learning pentesting and I came across this situation.
Privilege Escalation
Running WinPeas I noticed a change to escalation bypass UAC. I was thinking to use a local exploit (Kali) with Chisel forwarding this traffic for HackBox Machine. Is it possible?
+-------------+ ... |
I'm thinking of installing Veracrypt and I read that it takes Veracrypt about 5 minutes to decrypt a 500 gig SSD. How is this possible? It takes me much longer to duplicate the same 500 gigs on my SSD!
Can someone explain how this is possible?
This is how I analyze the situation. The following are the fundamental ta... |
We have a site builder, allows users to add/modify JS/HTML/CSS. Is it possible to provide a global authentication for it?
I mean users login once but can interact with all sites as their own names. Those sites should not be able to steal user token and change data in other sites in the network. Consider a global authen... |
I'm looking for research on the topic if at all possible or readings about efforts into this.
Drilling down into binaries via fuzzing/fingerprinting for known vulnerable binary patterns and a little boilerplate shellcode to insert into binary when found seems doable.
I envision it working in layered steps.
Look for fin... |
I'm working in a desktop application using Electron.js with React.js and I have to store some sensitive information like API keys and database credentials. So I started digging and decided to encrypt the database credentials in a JSON file with an obfuscation method on top of it.
Now I have two SECRET_KEYS, one for the... |
On Kali Linux, I have an Atheros wireless adapater. I'm trying to capture data packets off the air and decrypt them as an exercise. The problem is that when I turn on the wifi monitor mode and choose an appropriate channel, Wireshark can catch 802.11 management packets such as beacon, probe_request, but it can't catch ... |
I am doing online school at the moment and I am wondering if my school tracks and looks at everything I search just through my school Gmail account. I am on my own network and pc which has never been connected to the school network in any way except through the school Gmail account.
|
I'm learning about networking. And I feel a donkey.
Background
We connect to the internet by first connecting to a Wifi Access Point, or a switch.
Then when we open up a browser, or use any transfer protocol to ask for a file, and information is sent across a huge network.
If I get this correctly, when using a VPN the ... |
Suppose you are administering a mailing list where only members/subscribers can post; but you want those members to be able to occasionally post some content to the list anonymously. (*)
Now, in an any-one-can-post list, you don't really have to do much: A subscriber can set up a dummy email address and post from there... |
Is the most secure way of viewing an infected pdf file through a cloud pdf reader like xodo using a pdf uploaded to Google Drive?
I have a work laptop and I currently work for a small startup that had their database wiped out by a ransomware, so every usb drives are disabled and cannot be used to upload files to my lap... |
I have a backend with a simple RBAC implementation. We have a list of permissions, each permission is associated with a list of roles, each user is given one or more roles.
Is it ok to send this permissions/roles mapping to the browser, so that we can use it in the client side SPA (to hide/show some links/pages, avoid ... |
I am trying to overflow a stack in C sample code to execute uncalled function in code.
The problem is when i overflow stack by entering a(24 times), $EIP is 0x555555550061. I want it to be 0x555555555561. Why these two zeros are inserted automatically?
I retrieved this values from gdb. For Instance, if that uncalled fu... |
I am inside the container, and I am trying to learn escaping from container to host. So I create a vulnerable environment, on which the container is having `/var/run/docker.sock' file inside the container to make API calls.
So I tried to create a container which will mount the path source / to container /host directory... |
I recently installed a new printer in our network. Just because I was interested, I switched to wireshark when scanning for and adding the printer on windows. I noticed that it was discoverd through mdns and then instructed windows to download some drivers in form of dll files. Now I wonder: What if I would setup a rog... |
I just don't understand how ESP points to the shellcode
let's say we've sent this string
string = 100 * 'A' + 'BBBB' + 'CCCC'
I have filled the stack with 'AAAA..' and overwritten the EIP value and set it to 'BBBB' and I got the segmentation fault as expected, what I don't understand is when debugging the ESP points d... |
Using a hardware security token as a second factor is generally considered quite a boost in security. But one of the issues I'm having is how to backup the (digital) keys used in the hardware device (especially in cases when just adding multiple hardware keys is not desired or an option).
I'm currently using an open so... |
Reading on the security of Borg backups and both encryption and authentication is used (Encrypt-then-MAC).
My understanding is authentication is used to prevent tampering which is especially important for backups vulnerable to unauthorized access (cloud storage or safety deposit boxes for example).
Reading on the secur... |
Well I'm not a developer so I'm here to resolve a specific question.
I have been investigating this subject for a while now and I need and opinion from experts or developers which really understand about application development (I know something but not this advance) in terms of application security.
I was wondering if... |
I am currently studying regarding SSRF. I noticed that an injection vector where SSRF might be present is always parameters that is related to url (Importing image using URL, others). I have encountered a couple of endpoints where request body contains url which is used to import image from the webserver. Something lik... |
I’ve read about E2EE (end to end encryption) of Signal in web clients on a Signal Community discussion forum, and wonder why they say that the browser is insecure for E2EE and native apps are secure.
I think the security issues for clients are the same. It can be harder in various systems based on their security police... |
I am trying to learn about of xss attack and so I far, I understood that a successful attack result in the attacker capable of injecting malicious js in the victim's browser. If my understanding is correct, this attack will give him access to browsing data of a compromised domain only. For example, if the compromised d... |
Based on Is it possible to export a GPG subkey's public component? I got familiar with:
gpg --keyid-format long --with-fingerprint --list-key {e-mail}
gpg --export --armor --output public-key.asc 633DBBC0! # for ssb1
and
gpg --export-options export-minimal {key-id}
I also found the following which I added to my gpg.c... |
So here's the deal. I've been working on an SQL injection challenge and here's what comes up.
There's a registration page where you input your Username, password and confirm password. It's vulnerable to INSERT SQL injection, I'm basically trying to insert my own data and make myself and admin (admin=1). However, there ... |
I would like to distinguish the behavior of users to use a (public) Wi-Fi access point. It would be possible to access the log files of the access point, but I don't have the authority to.
Alternatively, I set this experiment for sniffing (sensing) the Wi-Fi packets:
There is an access point; there are many users, too
... |
In what ways site administrators can detect incoming CSRF attacks? Is it possible or not?
|
I'm a listener of the podcast "Security Now" where they often claim that there are no reasons to limit the number of characters a user can use in their passwords when they create an account on a website. I have never understood how it is even technically possible to allow an unlimited number of characters and how it co... |
I encountered this type of vulnerability a couple of times but was not able to fully exploit it.
This vulnerability is a self-xss which is triggered from file names. E.g. If I were to upload a file named [xss-payload].png, it will be executed as javascript and the window will prompt 1. But it only goes as far as that.
... |
In PHP a magic hash attack happens when loose type comparisons cause completely different values to be evaluated as equal, causing a password "match" without actually knowing the password. Here is an example:
<?php
if (hash('md5','240610708',false) == '0') {
print "'0' matched " . hash('md5','240610708',false);
}
If... |
The company I work at uses zscaler to restrict access to certain websites.
Earlier today, I tried to visit pastebin.com, but got the error message in the picture below:
Trying to google why pastebin is considered a high risk service, I didn't really find much, except this one blog post which talks about certain hacker... |
I'm specifically referring to the macof tool (part of the dsniff package).
As I understand it, MAC flooding is meant to overload a switch's CAM table, which maps MAC addresses to switch ports.
Where does specifying IP addresses and/or TCP ports fit into this?
Does doing so allow an attacker to bypass a Layer 3 switch's... |
This question is inspired by Is there any security risk in not setting a maximum password length?.
Specifically the accepted answer https://security.stackexchange.com/a/238033/9640 says limits are recommended to avoid exhausting the server.
Also it seems to me that if the server is hashing your password to a n digit ha... |
I'm the administrator of a Wordpress site, with just two users: me and one other user. Last days I've received multiple password recovery attempts for that other user (as an administrator I get a mail from the Wordfence security plugin). The other user gets the reset mail in his mailbox. The user didn't initiate these ... |
I'm in the process of developing a B2B (business-to-business) application. I've implemented JWT auth, and it is working as expected. Right now the authentication functions as if it were a B2C (business-to-customer) app.
I'm trying to determine the best practices for B2B authentication.
Is having one authentication acco... |
I am running Kali linux 2020.3 on VBox on Windows 10. I put my wireless card AWUS036ACH chipset Realtek RTL8812AU in monitor mode using airmon-ng start wlan0.
Then i use airodump-ng wlan0 to capture all the traffic that is passing by. When i use airodump-ng wlan0 it captures a WPA Handshake of any AP and then switch f... |
Let's say I have an address for an API like this:
mywebsite.com/api/mydata
If accessed, a JSON will appear like this:
[
{
"id":"1",
"name":"John"
},
{
"id":"2",
"name":"Smith"
}
]
The result defaults will be displaying the entire data if a post has no parameters.
If you use post "ID" and the I... |
I want to perform return to libc in 64 bit architecture using execve. I found a gadget with /bin/sh in it (the /bin/sh offset is 18a143):
cbcd8: 00 00
cbcda: 4c 89 ea mov rdx,r13
cbcdd: 4c 89 e6 mov rsi,r12
cbce0: 48 8d 3d 5c e4 0b 00 lea rd... |
I'm a noob in data security area and I'm working on PoC for an app for managing some files. Now these files might be anything
from a leave of absence form to potentially confidential agreements.
Being a noob I did advise my team that we should hire a security expert and/or have a security audit once PoC is complete.
Th... |
On many materials of Passpoint and Hotspot 2.0 there is Register and Provision steps.
For example https://youtu.be/p4gDW6SJ150?t=845
But I cant find RFC or technical materials how it must be implemented.
I found offline provision https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/nativewifi/prov-wifi-profile-via-website fo... |
I'm trying to stack overflow of one C program. But I'm confused by encoding or decoding algorithms.
I used ollydbg to observe registers. I tried entering "a" 28 times. And it should insert the last "a" in the EIP register because of strcopy cmd used.
When the last "a" is flowed to EIP it reads as 61.
According to ASCII... |
One way to secure a password in the database is to hash it with salt i.e. appending a random string to the password and then hash it and store the value.
Does encrypting the password || salt then hashing it make it more secure? Is it really necessary (or can I skip the encryption part)?
|
I have been tasked with fixing a XSS issue in an ASP.Net application, but I have never seen this kind of attack before so first it would be great if I could understand how this is working and then I need some help because I haven't been able to fix it.
The attack goes like so:
https://example.com/AnyPageInTheApplicatio... |
I have read that devices such as the old Nokia 8310 are used because the privacy/anonymity they provide (for instance for drug dealers)
I have tried to find out if the 'new' vanilla Nokias, such as Nokia 105, provide the same level of privacy. I have found that they don't have GPS and use Symbian, but haven't found any... |
Does attacking difficulty of a block cipher depend on it's block length compared to a substitution cipher?
|
Is there any classification of vulnerabilities ?
As we know, there are many vulnerabilities, such as:
SQL injection vulnerability, File upload vulnerability, File contains vulnerability, XSS, SSRF, XXE, database leak and so on.
but I did not find an authoritative classification of vulnerabilities.
who can give author... |
An android malware can do a lot of damage, whats the absolute worst thing it can do ?
Consider a layman's Android device which is not rooted.
|
I'm working on an offline windows application that generates and loads key results as files. However, these files provide key insights into how our product works internally. To make matters worse my users will for sure be tech-savvy but not hacker like tech-savvy. So if I do not encode it, we give away our magic. So gi... |
Is security compromised if every client uses the same client certificate to authenticate with WPA2-EAP-TLS?
In essence, we want to provide an open wifi network, but want to ensure users cannot see each other's traffic. With WPA2-PSK, this appears to be impossible.
As users are expected to have our app installed, the op... |
Can someone confirm if the following solution is actually 2FA?
User has to install a special mobile app. When the mobile app is opened for the first time, the user is asked to associate the device with the account in the system.
On the web login screen, QR code is displayed. A user opens the previously installed mobile... |
He stolen my imei number and even he knows my phone number. Using this can he get my any information such as call details, whats app messages and other phone activity???
|
When installing Kali from Microsoft Store, I wasn't prompted with a user agreement license.
Is Microsoft able to monitor my applications? How safe is it to use WSL in that context? (From privacy perspective)
|
Is it safe to use non-ASLR DLL in an enabled ASLR EXE?
Would the DLL be loaded to and will use random addressed, or should all the dependencies enable ASLR?
In addition, what about other security mechanisms such as DEP and SHE?
|
I've been thinking about this problem for some time and I wanted to ask if there are any known methods, or research papers, about how to prove "authenticity" or correctness of data originating from a potentially compromised source (remote server, process, etc). Specifically what I've been imagining is say you have serv... |
So I received a laptop from the school and I was wondering if your logged into your own home network but signed into the computer (not in like a google account but like when your first turn on the computer you got to enter the username and password however the login for the computer is universal meaning to say it’s the... |
I'm writing an application that needs to deterministically encrypt some data (where two equal ciphertexts will produce two equal plaintexts; this is acceptable and in fact desirable for this application), and I'd like to stay as far away from low-level crypto stuff as possible, as such I'd like to use nacl's SecretBox.... |
One of tor's stated goals is to help individuals such as journalists, activists and whistleblowers protect against surveillance, and in many countries people in those lines of work or activities are usually subject to surveillance, especially targeted surveillance.
Given a scenario in which a journalist working in an e... |
I have been incharged to manage online votings at school for school president and vice president for 11th grade only. A group of us will be excluded from voting of course. We plan to use Google forms, since it's easier and it's free.
So, everyone will be required to use the school email @westschool.com and can only vo... |
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) seems to be very excited about the potential of a quantum Internet:
One of the hallmarks of quantum transmissions is that they are exceedingly difficult to eavesdrop on as information passes between locations. Scientists plan to use that trait to make virtually unhackable networks. ... |
This is from Christoff Paar's book on Cryptography
Let’s assume a protocol for wire transfers between banks (Fig. 5.2). There are five
fields which specify a transfer: the sending bank’s ID and account number, the receiving bank’s ID and account number, and the amount. We assume now (and this
is a major simplification... |
People are naturally skeptical when they hear about the HaveIBeenPwned pwned passwords search, because who would in their right mind enter their password into a random website? And sure, HIBP uses k-anonymity to make sure they don't know your password, but if you're not familiar with how hashing algorithms work and how... |
As a service provider, I allow logged in users to upload documents to a web server, and upload it to S3. The logged in user should subsequently be able to view his own documents, and I want to serve it directly from S3, with some token-based authentication per request.
I thought that this was a pretty simple and stand... |
We’re currently developing a Next.js application (server side rendering) and are looking for secure ways to keep the users logged in for longer periods of time.
AFAIK this can either be done using silent authentication or refresh tokens. General note: When a user is not logged in yet, we can redirect the user to a logi... |
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