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I got an email the other day telling me that when I visited a website, someone installed malware in the website with which he was able to use my browser as an RDP. Kinda paranoid right now.
|
I use GPG symmetric, to encrypt text file.
Is it possible to use GPG symmetric, to encrypt a text file, and at the same time, add additional setting to the encrypted file, to give us 2 conditions:
correct password will decrypt it.
incorrect password will give fake decryption result, instead of indicator "decryption f... |
We are owing a domain with wildcard certificate (*.mycompany.com). Now we have an application running as an agent on the customer machine. The browser is communicating with the agent by sending websocket requests. Now, we are moving to WebSocket Secure (WSS). Since browser communicates with the agent by sending wss req... |
We are told to erase (overwrite) sensitive files, not only simply "delete" it (i.e. only remove the information where it exists). For the moment being, I'd like to focus on the following and ignore other aspects (e.g. wear leveling on SSD) that may result in data leaks .
Taking this a step farther: does secure erase / ... |
So I made this website on python with Flask. I want to host this website on a rasberry pi on my own home network which everybody in my family uses.
Should I?
Is it safe?
|
I've finished migrating data from several drives on to one newer disk. The older drives were a mix of old mechanical drives, thumb (flash) drives, and SSDs.
Now I will dispose of the worthless drives and sell the rest. In order to sell the drives, I should be completely sure that the data cannot be recovered (e.g. by a... |
I am reading a news article (in italian) in which the police snooped on the Dean of a university by a trojan horse that the police had installed on his mobile phone.
In particular, the trojan horse transmitted face-to-face conversations (I think captured by the microphone of the mobile phone) to the police.
In another ... |
I am auditing an AWS account and I found a public RDS instance, that is with public DNS, no Security Group IP connection filtering and in a public Subnet
However, the instance has a relatively strong password (12 characters, symbols, numbers, and lower case and capital letters)
Is there public record of a database like... |
When implementing password hashing using PBKDF2 for authenticating access to a REST api,when we say that PBKDF2 is slow does it mean that it's going to take a lot of time to hash the password and validate it, therefore the service not being responsive enough for the end user?
Or is it the case that is PBKDF2 slow only ... |
I bought a new router and I'm thinking to make my network a bit smarter from the security aspect.
My question is now: How can I make sure that an attacker cannot get into my "secure" network with properly insecure IoT devices (like SmartTVs, IP-Cameras, printers, smart speaker or zigbee gateways).
For example I have a ... |
I clicked on "It's like you" virus in Facebook Messenger. Then I archived the original link with archive.ph (archive.today), and during the process the site showed me this: https://pastebin.com/e91wZmqP (WARNING! Do not click on any of the links in the paste; they might contain harmful code.)
The most suspicious js fil... |
I read in some docs, there are several version of GPG key extension available.
For ex: gpg, ascii, p12
I know .gpg extension is in binary, and Ascii is in text.
But I want to know their differences regarding its quality and security.
So please tell me their differences (GPG, Ascii, p12) ?
Which one is the most recommen... |
Let’s say I have a server with Port 22 opened to the internet , password authentication disabled, and root remote login disabled. Only Key Authentication is enabled. If the key is tightly secured, is there anything to be concerned about as far somebody being able to crack the key or anything like that. Apologies if the... |
I just logged into my FB account from a different location as usual and received a message that my account was locked down due to that attempt from an unknown location. This spiked my curiosity, and I'm wondering, if I was able to change my location to my home address using a VPN (not even sure you can be that specific... |
I'm trying to develop some tools to share with people made with a custom python installation.
I've copied the python installation folder into a .zip with the purpose to share with friends and others alike
And I've made a .cmd script that unzips the files on their computer.
Does the Python setup write any private inform... |
I'm curious how large cloud computing services that might secure encrypted data would update an encrypted file. For example, let's consider a user is using RSA to encrypt a large file, maybe gigabytes long, and stores it on a server. The user then makes a small change to the file. Encrypting this new update again and s... |
Can someone tell me why a 20-character key makes WPA Personal more secure? That really confuses me.
|
How much time will the Fugaku supercomputer take to generate a wordlist?
Length: 50
Combination: Alphabet(upper/lower) + numbers (0~9)
also, would wordlist generators make a significant time/performance difference?
|
I don't know if this is the right forum for this kind of question.
I was trying to intercept traffic from Twitter for Android app and for that I needed to bypass the SSL pin they implemented. Basically I was following this tutorial
and I got it to work.... sort of:
Spawned `com.twitter.android`. Resuming main thread! ... |
There are tons of exploits being created using the PDF file format for most PDF viewers out there every year. PDF files have lots of power and can utilize things such as JavaScript. This is really good but comes with the cost that there is a lot of attack surface. The company "owning" PDF is also very restrictive about... |
Starting yesterday, my honeypot has been getting a ton of git scans. I normally wouldn't think much of this, but a few weird things are happening:
All of the IP addresses come from Amazon AWS
They are all looking for the same two SHA-256 hashes
They don't appear on any blocklists for .git vulnerability scanning or sca... |
The password manager bitwarden requires the user to log in to their account on their web site to allow them to enable 2FA, import passwords and manage other account related details, as that functionality is not available on the desktop or mobile applications. Could a supposed attacker that has gained control of a self ... |
I was trying this, on a website where I was allowed to carry out testing by the site administrator. On failing to use two different headers (Site is beyond AWS and I am getting a 400), I tried the old way of using 2 different Content-Length headers.
Finally, I stick with one Content-Length header I added 1 to the leng... |
What am I doing wrong with using xbegin in the enclave?
First of all, I checked tsx outside enclave - it works (I tested _xbegin() from <immintrin.h>).
Then I tried to use different examples of xbegin realisations for !Windows! inside enclave. I also tried this https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/docum... |
I am getting familiar with authentication (using passportjs) and using things like sessions, jet, etc.
My question is what is the best way to prevent someone from going on a computer and copying a sessionid/token/jwt/etc. and entering it into the website on their browser and getting unobstructed access into the user's ... |
When shodan crawls an IP, it takes a screenshot based on some technique(?)
Nevertheless, most of screenshots that shodan takes are from IP Cameras.
Is there any way to access the URLs the crawler found the image on?
E.g. Crawler found "rtsp://blargh.com/1/stream" and took a screenshot of that stream. Can I somehow acce... |
My son and I have a cybersecurity concern. Somebody somehow compromised his tablet, accessed his files, and emailed them to him from something like guerrilla mail but we cannot figure out how.
Our Malwarebytes shows no evidence of threats. His settings revoke all camera, storage, microphone, and any other personal perm... |
Considering:
A VERY motivated attacker,
A large entropy password, as in 256bits¹ hashed in bcrypt (with recommended cost factor of 12), and
Attacker knowledge of everything he might need (except the password): hash, salt, cost, etc [AFAIK those are included in the bcrypt hash]
Is it safe to assume that an exposed bcr... |
If I connect to a VPN, go to some websites, post something or browse something, is it possible for my OS (Windows 10) in this case to:
Store my IP before I connected to the VPN, say "old IP".
Get my new IP after I connect.
Send both to some servers which log all internet traffic so it could match me up thus destroying... |
I recently learned that there are plenty of services on the internet that offer/list free public proxies (freeproxylists.net, hidemyass.com, proxyscrape.com to name a few). Is this safe? Can't an attacker easily connect to multiple of these free proxies at once and essentially build a botnet?
|
The recommended way of ensuring that data on a hard disk cannot be recovered is to destroy it physically, for example using a hammer, drill or even thermite.
Question
When physical disk destruction is not an available option, what is the next best way of ensuring data cannot be recovered from a hard disk?
Note:
In the... |
I've been looking at OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0.2 for a while now, and I'm trying to understand all the checkpoints in detail.
I am not sure what exactly the author of a particular point meant. Therefore, I have a request to you to explain item 1.1.1 from section V1.1 Secure Software Developme... |
Background
A fellow in my social circle is involved with a cybersecurity company that secured a patent. I want to learn more.
Simple Explanation
US Patent Office Listing
Patent analysis is a very tedious and expensive process. I don't expect anyone on a free tech support site like this one to read the complete patent (... |
There is an answer to this question to this link.
Is there a better way, a more automated way, instead of making the user go in the console and look for how to manage the authenticator?
What happens if after that he removes the authenticator?
Expected:
User tries to log in
Console asks for password change
Colsole as... |
I recently got Windows 10, and I am not overly thrilled at Microsoft having a copy of my password on their servers. I will also be forced to make a hotmail account, instead of just using a local account. I am forced to use Windows because of my job, so iOS and Linux are out of the question.
Is there a way of using Bitl... |
When I browse on my hosting account, I found the index.php of my website has some code embedded to it, in the beginning there was really long line containing erratic code. There was also two more suspicious files I never saw the content of, I will paste the link of each respected files.
Code embedded from index.php --... |
can someone please tell me under what circumstances can WPA be cracked? i'll appreciate it.
|
I'm bit confused about this security flaw. I'm in real need of help in this :smile:
My express code (not using any sessions, just cookie-parser)
app.get("/signin", (req, res) => {
if(!req.query.token) return res.status(403).json({status:403, message:"Authorization Required"});
let options = {maxAge: 1000 * 6048... |
We have multiple customer sites which provides login via mobile number OTP option (new & registered users). Recently, we come across an incident where a user received 100+ OTPs with in few minutes to login to 10+ different websites multiple times. Attempts made on few unfamiliar websites as well.
Which type of attack ... |
A few weeks ago, I was using VirusTotal to check a few files on my computer to see if they were viruses. But I do not remember if I had scanned a particular file. Is there is a way to check that? And if the file had sensitive information on it any recommendation on how to deal with that?
One of the ways that I was thin... |
I'm looking for some guidance and advice on data security best practices, specifically on how to best separate, store and secure personal identifiable information from other data. The background is that we need some data reported by users to run our ML models, so that data would need to be available on the backend. How... |
How is it possible to block reflected XSS on common web servers, such as IIS, Apache HTTP Server and Nginx?
The Content-Security-Policy: reflected-xss filter doesn't work on latest Chrome and X-XSS-Protection was removed from latest Chrome.
The question is specifically about these web servers settings, without any code... |
I have been working on testing whether same encrypted files are same without decrypting it. I have a test file provided to me one with normal data and another encrypted version of it. I need to check whether that test file(without encryption) which goes through an api and encrypts it will be the same as encrypted file ... |
In their Privacy Note, Mozilla writes the following:
Amazon Web Services: Thunderbird uses Amazon Web Services (AWS) to host its servers and as a content delivery network. Your device’s IP address is collected as part of AWS’s server logs.
(i) If one has an Amazon account and uses Thunderbird simultaneously, does thi... |
An attacker want's access to a specific account, he doesn't know the password.
It's a high entropy password. +128bits
The attacker has the hash for the password (Assuming OWASP suggested bcrypt with cost 12)
The attacker has a list with n hashes that HE KNOWS are hashes for the same password he is looking for. (He mag... |
We recently had issues with people messing around inside our system. To prevent code injections within my python code, I implemented the following if block:
#! /usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
def main():
print("Your interactive Python shell!")
text = input('>>> ')
for keyword in ['eval', 'exec', 'imp... |
Nowadays, many Password managers offer options for 2-Factor Authentication such as TOTP. I am really confused regarding this. Isn't the whole point of 2FA is to prove you have a second way of proving your identity?
What kind of security risks would I have if I have both my passwords and 2FA within the same app compared... |
I have a use case to generate one time codes, and need to, in some cases, verify them offline. A use case:
On arriving at customers door, the delivery agent needs to verify that they dropped off a letter. Before arriving, they send out a SMS to the client with a code. The delivery agents needs to type in the code to ve... |
I noticed on a website that when I entered my credit card number, the entry box was highlighted blue:
I then tried a dummy credit card number, which made the box highlight red, indicating that credit card number can not be used:
I then tried entering other credit card numbers from expired credit cards and the box hig... |
got this email on gmail spam folder was wondering if this is legit or not ..
|
I'm a bit paranoid right now about what my school can and can't see on my device. My school has a BYOD policy which means that I bring my own device to work. I am logged in using my personal account almost all the time though and I recently did an incognito search.
I want to know whether or not my school could see what... |
If you have looked into this demo of Spectre in JavaScript: Did I get it right that only current site memory can be accessed, due to site isolation etc? I saw there is also an addon to detect attackts (Spectroscope). Can somebody describe the potential impact of it? If I visit a site attacking me via Spectre and they c... |
I am wondering if ransomware can encrypt currently opened/locked files by an application?
Example: Some application opens files and lock them for manipulation e.g. Database. So I assume that when the system gets infected by ransomware, but database file is already in use, it can't be encrypted until database engine clo... |
I stumbled upon this command:
kubectl get secrets -n namespace-name
(Jay Beale, Attacking and Hardening Kubernetes | KringleCon 2020)
It seems to list the secrets for a specific namespace (here namespace-name). But I couldn't find any documentation about that (e.g. https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/sec... |
I want to understand if end user is doing MITM attack on my app and i want my API server to receive this. Is there any way i can hook an SDK or some listener that tracks which certificate is being used for outgoing / incoming requests at some particular moment and if that doesnt match something i hard coded or my own s... |
A company has a database with user's passwords encrypted. An attacker compromised the password encryption now it needs to be changed.
In this situation does the company needs to change the encryption key or Is there another way to prevent it.
Note: The services active at all times.
|
If all our identities, our data (emails, pictures) are on distributed ledgers/blockchain, can the use of distributed ledgers/blockchain stop data exfiltration for good?
|
How unsafe would be to publish the hash of my passwords?
I have written a Python script for helping me to remember my basic passwords (computer password, encrypted backup password, AppleID password, and KeyChain password).
It is hardcoded inside this:
SHA256(MD5(password) + password + MD5(password))
for each password ... |
How does Linux know if a new password is a "wrapped" version of an old password?
(or, the process of creating a new password) know "certain" parts of one's password?
Let's say I have the password abcEFGH123321 and I set a new password to be: acbdEFGH123321 (added a d).
it displays:
new password is a wrapped version of ... |
I have read about BitTorrent protocols and how uTorrent works specifically. The main idea is that instead of many clients accessing the same server for downloading a file, different parts of the file are given to the clients, and then it is shared among the peers (peer to peer). Therefore, improving efficiency and down... |
I was reading the Wikipedia article about TAO and there is written that:
Details on a program titled QUANTUMSQUIRREL indicate NSA ability to masquerade as any routable IPv4 or IPv6 host. This enables an NSA computer to generate false geographical location and personal identification credentials when accessing the Inte... |
I am not sure if this is the correct platform for this question. The source code of Zeus trojan is available on the internet. It can be found on github as well. I have read somewhere that the purpose is to make research easier to understand how something like this works.
My questions are:
How was the source code found... |
I have a PC using Windows 7 that I realize should be upgraded. I'm using the Windows Defender antivirus that came with the computer.
I recently joined a discussion forum. Member profiles there allow for a personal photo to be uploaded through the site. "Upload" button on profile, which when clicked opens the C drive on... |
Motorola Z667T
The phone reset itself after several attempts to enter my encryption password that i forgot.
is there anything i can do to recover the text messages and contacts ?
|
when we securely delete a volume in a machine which is installed in a virtual machine or docker, for example by overwriting 7 times or more, we securely delete the data in virtual disk (in guest) and some related data in real disk (in host) may remain. is it true? so to consider this and to securely delete the data bot... |
Nmap keeps telling me no hosts are up when I am using scanning with an IP range
Ive tried using sudo and 192.168.0.1/16 and the same results shows
ermine-c@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ nmap -sn 192.168.1.1-255
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-03-17 00:34 PDT
Nmap done: 255 IP addresses (0 hosts up) scanned in 103.1... |
Can I deobfuscate java code (apk, that contains obfuscated code, or java bytecode), when running it?
If android gets able to run code, so he must get those keys, and get access to code which to run.
How I can intercept (read), code android is executing, but not to be assembler, where it's still obfuscated.
I have roote... |
Suppose I want to print a human readable 10 digit serial using ordinary day today printer but the printer is communal printer and manned. My intention is for the person manning the printer to not read the code.
Initial inputs that i know is that printer is not a copier and person manning does not have a camera or smart... |
As a security in-charge, I just noticed that one of our production web apps was attacked by some hackers. The attacker accessed the .git/objects/ files.
I already modified .htaccess to make .git and its content inaccessible.
The attacker may get some model file which includes some data queries but not with database cr... |
A hour ago we receive a suspicious mail targeting some of our mailing lists. It contains a .zip file, itself containing a .xlsm file.
This .xlsm file appears to be recognized as an ASCII text file from the file utility and olevba:
olevba 0.56.1.dev2 on Python 2.7.16 - http://decalage.info/python/oletools
==============... |
If a web-app is using cloudfront as CDN, what happens if I ping the domain? Am I pinging the cloudfront endpoint? Or the web-app server? Why is it DNS resolution resolves to different IPs in this case?
One example is when I ping the domain, I use the IP on shodan and see that it's a cloudfront hostname. I'm guessing th... |
I have manually scraped multiple pages of search results on Google and haven't found a single suggestion as to how to find an optimal k when you are trying to "k-anonymize" your dataset. All I can find is the obvious fact that "higher k = more security but more loss of information", but not a single idea is given as to... |
I keep seeing how people are working to make virtual machines look more like real machines, but I have been wondering about the reverse. I have noticed a trend where viruses will automatically shut off if they think that they are in a virtual machine. Using that train of thought, couldn't you attack this from both ends... |
A lot of personal life is digital and should be protected to stay private.
But in case of a medical emergency, like being unresponsive in hospital, maybe being in a coma for a few years (possibly waking up afterward) or dying, one may want to share some information with relatives. An example would be:
When I am unresp... |
So I'm looking at scoring a vulnerability, and I'm waffling on how to handle Scope and Confidentiality impact.
If scope is changed, isn't confidentiality-impact necessarily changed to at least Low? If I can get into a scope I shouldn't have access to, I can definitely get information I shouldn't have access to, correct... |
I am able to use the PowerShell New-SelfSignedCertificate cmdlet to create a self-signed cert just fine, but I'd like to create one with an AIA extension and give it an OCSP responder URL.
There is a cmdlet parameter called -Extension, but the docs are limited and don't have examples:
The -TextExtension parameter look... |
A normal user can execute these commands as root without providing any password (sudo includes the full path of the command so path hijack isn't the case here), could "halt", "reboot", or "poweroff" be leveraged to escalate the users' privileges to root?
|
I feel like this information should be readily available but looks like it's not:
When I buy a new laptop or phone, it seems like there's a whole set of initial connections that might require my (client) authentication. For example, if I bought a Mac, Apple might want to authenticate that the Mac I'm registering is not... |
I was trying to run the bolt CMS exploit.
Bolt CMS 3.7.0 - Authenticated Remote Code Execution | php/webapps/48296.py (taken from searchsploit) and it wouldn't work because automatic check which happens before the exploit is actually ran returned a false result.
I've tried a lot of combinations like set auto check to f... |
Let's imagine I have a work macbook with ssd and I use FileVault, and the company has the FileVault recovery key. I want to make sure my data is erased and unrecoverable, what is the best way to proceed?
I can do a full reinstall of the operating system, which in turn would re-enable FileVault changing the previous rec... |
I have been researching kerberos and ntlm for the last couple of days and still got one thing unresolved.
After an interactive logon with kerberos, you will have in the cached credentials both kerberos tickets and ntlm hashes. I figured winlogon/lsass are responsible for calculating the NTHash from the plain password a... |
Imagine the following scenario: There exist all kinds of information on my SSD. Now I take away the SSD of my MacBook Pro, replace it, and reboot. I should have a MacBook that is on factory settings, right?
I am wondering if there is any way, or hardware, where information from my old SSD can be found, whether in parts... |
I'm implementing a web login system and am confused about how to think about when authenticated sessions (not just browser sessions) should be expired.
There seem to be 2 factors:
absolute lifetime of a session;
idle time.
Idle time makes sense to me.
Having an absolute lifetime implies a session should be expired ev... |
I have examined a web application, and I have found some strange behaviour of tokens. I will try to explain it.
I think OAuth2 is used for authorization.
User Alice will login to the app, in the HTTP headers there is an item Authorization: alice_token.
User Bob will login to the app, in the HTTP headers there is also a... |
I need to receive emails and put them in different "inboxes". Identifying and validating an inbox involves a database hit in order to search for the to-address.
I would like to not hit the db if I know that the to-address is not valid. As of now the inbox names are generated as random strings with only smallcaps and 1-... |
Yesterday, I was sitting at the computer and noticed that the phone is making the "calling" sound (that usual beep). I unlocked the phone and did not see any activity like I would call someone, except the beep.
Today, it happened again. The same thing: heard the beep, unlocked my phone, and did not see like I would cal... |
Lately I've been getting a lot (well, 2-3 mails per day) of greeting card spam (I think it's called), aka spammers signing my personal email address up for contact forms and accounts with random sites, ranging from a webstore selling food supplements in the Netherlands to the City of Brighton tourism board in England. ... |
When creating a self-signed certificate you are asked to enter some information (First Name, Last Name, Organization Unit, Organization, City, State,...). Is it possible to update any of those fields later? (E.g. my company changed its legal name and now I want to update the "Organization" name to reflect the new one.)... |
I know that a device can be compromised by a drive-by download.
But could an attacker access my device without installing any malicious app? Can he access my camera by just executing a malicious JavaScript on a website?
|
I am practicing a function return address overwriting exploit. However, the program instruction pointer instead gets overwritten by gibberish. I have tried compiling with -fno-builtin and -fno-stack-protector, but nothing seems to change the behavior.
Code (from "Hacking the Art of Exploitation", 2nd Edition, Page 1... |
I found an obfuscated PHP-script in a log directory on a shared hosting, which had been given chmod 0777 by mistake.
The script in it's original form looks like this:
$zowyb = 'i#7uH0_ls5y4m*bcrovaptf-8d1x69\'3egkn';
$hifcq = array();
$hifcq[] = $zowyb[4] . $zowyb[13];
$hifcq[] = $zowyb[15] . $zowyb[16] . $zowyb[32] . ... |
Today, OAuth is the standard for authenticating Users. It employs an elaborate setup to reduce vulnerabilities.
Yet, when it comes to APIs, the standard is just to have an API Key provided in the HTTP Request Header. Voila, you're in. This is even adopted by Google.
Why is this so? These API endpoints are public!
|
I have seen so many articles which they write that the salt is stored together with the hashed password in the database. However, there's one thing that is bugging me. Since the plain text salt is stored in the database, and the hacker has access to the database, and provided he guessed one of the password correctly, l... |
I have a javascript function on a website that I want to attack which is called every time if we log something. So, if we are running on localhost then, window.location.href.substr(7, 9) is "localhost". Can I make the website think that I'm running on localhost? I want to do this because redlog() is often called for lo... |
Is it some secure way to store private keys in session storage? or is there any place to store that info securely?
|
Currently there is this design of two apps that work together:
Proof app: On customers phone, takes in a textcode and creates a QR code
Scanner app: On hosts phone, Scans the QR code and displays some information like birthday, initial and valid date. Does not connect to the internet for this.
Both applications will ... |
Let's say you cat /dev/random or /dev/urandom all day from boot to system shutdown, either redirecting the output to a file, or just catting it (in a terminal, or whatever) doesn't matter. Is this insecure, or a bad idea? If so, why?
Revealing random bytes when the system (and/or the applications running on it, think e... |
I built an app, which authenticates users via oauth2. I have a simple server that can accept requests.
After authentication, the user is redirected to https://127.0.0.1:1234/token=<token> and the app listens on this port.
How can I make a certificate to accept a callback from the host? Self-signed certificates are rest... |
I share the same wireless router with some other people living in the same apartment. I want to safeguard my privacy and also not be held liable for their internet activity. The modem from the ISP only allows connecting one router to it. What can I do in this case?
Will connecting another router to the current router o... |
Consider the following Linux system:
root account is disabled (passwd -l root, passwd -d root),
there is an account 'admin', with sudo rights,
there is an account 'webservice', with limited privileges, and no sudo rights,
su is disabled via PAM (auth required pam_wheel.so),
only 'admin' can SSH into the system (AllowU... |
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