Datasets:
mlfoundations-dev
/
security_1000000_samples

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
instruction
stringlengths
24
29.9k
If I have a Live USB Linux stick and I plug it into a computer which is not connected to the internet and boot the computer using the Live USB stick. How secure is this interms of not leaving any traces of work I do via the Live USB stick? i.e. will any traces be left on the host computer once the computer has been s...
I am reading the documentation for Kentico where it describes using hashes to validate query strings EX:http://localhost/KenticoCMS8/cms/getfile/2d003444-9a27-43c9-be97-4f5832474015/Partners_logos_silver.aspx?latestfordocid=75&hash=eee41e027bd45142fd1f44d173d61950f34d6e98f4e35018fda70542322adc77&chset=013bca78-6bf2-42a...
I was going through some CLIENT side defenses against reflected XSS e.g. XSS auditor(chrome), IE8 XSS Filters, NoScript. They use regular expression and other sophisticated techniques. Why didn't they use any simpler idea? My question is- why don't we store what ever is going to server as parameters and if these parame...
My question is pretty similar to : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5487757/using-hmac-sha1-for-api-authentication-how-to-store-the-client-password-secure. Basically, I want to write an API for my service that allow a user to log into it and grants them access to the rest of the API calls. I want the API to be hook...
I am writing a web backend/api for an iOS application using Node.js and MySQL. In my database I have a table for posts. I would like the posts content to be encrypted. Let's say I'm using this AES for encryption. I would like to be able to safely encrypt and decrypt data on the server. Data sent back and forth to the c...
I've been trying to figure out a way to efficiently bruteforce on Windows, but the method I currently have isn't very efficient. I did some profiling and found out that on average it can go through 274,080 attempts per minute, which would amount to a worst case scenario of 18 hours to crack one 6 character password wit...
Correct me if I'm wrong: When encrypting a file, GPG creates a one-off AES encryption key and encrypts that key using RSA. This is supposedly to take advantage of AES's superior performance when handling larger amounts of data. If that's true, then why is gpg --encrypt so much slower than, for example, p7zip's AES-256 ...
I have a standard forum, currently plagued with bots. In the registration agreement, I included the following text: SPAMBOT OWNERS, YOU HEREBY WAIVE ALL YOUR RIGHTS TO PRIVACY. ANY AND ALL INFORMATION YOU OR YOUR BOTS LEAVE, INTENTIONALLY OR ACCIDENTALLY, ON THESE FORUMS CAN AND WILL BE EXPLOITED. YOU HEREBY ALLOW US ...
I am creating a portal where users can send private messages (PMs) for a very large audience. So I want to encrypt the messages and store them in the database. But I do not want to ask the users for new keys. So here's what I have planned: A randomly generated symmetric key will be allocated to every pair of users, whi...
Read some of the stuff here regarding wiping disks and securely deleting files. From what I've understood, after deleting (not securely) files they become part of the unallocated(free) space of the HDD. So if I want to securely delete the deleted files should I wipe the free space only or by keeping this link in mind ...
I've been learning about Cyber Security and how to protect myself online after reading some books on the subject and I want to know how much Information i've handed out to companies.
I have a general question how asymmetric schemes are usually implemented. Typically, there is a parameter in an asymmetric scheme which limits the message length. For example the modulus in RSA. I know that asymmetric encryption is usually used to encrypt a symmetric key and the actual message is encrypted with the lat...
There are some software that states that can crack WPA networks, however that is not an easy task as the initialization code for WPA2 uses a four-way handshake to properly initialize all of the vectors that are used in the actual encrypting. So in order to properly break it you need to sniff the traffic that gets sent ...
Is my computer vulnerable to someone who knows my modem's MAC address and my public IP address? What kind of vulnerabilities would this imply? Could they actually get access to my computer just with this information?
I've been reading for a while but yet do not properly understand how is BGP filtering used to prevent "attacks" such the recent Indosat's problem. Do not copy&paste Cisco's site, I have read all that information already.
I analyzed PDF, and extract javascript code. But javascript code is encrypted. I can't decrypt it. Please advise me. javascript code \040\040\040\040\146\165\156\143\164\151\157\156\043\164\151\157\156\040\163\167\050\051...
I'm trying to write Iptables rules for a small web server. Almost every source I've encountered recommends to allow loopback access to the web server, but doesn't explain why this is necessary. What's the purpose of this configuration, and is it really secure?
It is interesting to observe, that Tor exit nodes with out-of-date OpenSSL implementations can themselves be affected by the Heartbleed bug. Can Heartbleed expose a Tor user's IP address merely by exploiting the vulnerable Tor exit node, or would all relay servers in the chain have to be vulnerable as well (and simulta...
I am looking for mod_ssl configuration which protects against common attacks like Breach, Beast and Crime. I already disabled gzip to avoid Crime but I'm unsure about the others. RC4 should only be available to mitigate Beast. Furthermore I am looking for a proper forward secrecy if possible. This is a part of my curre...
I'm a masters student in computer science who works part time with my own company as a consultant. My lastest project is based on my bachelor thesis which handles everything except the security. The application will be audited by a much larger company than those who hired me and one requirement in the audit is dual lay...
I'm pen-testing a Windows 7 machine, and have access to a limited remote shell. I can see there's a vulnerable SMB service running on the machine's loopback, but it's not available externally. Is there any way I can run a metasploit exploit over the session I already have, to access this service? Thanks!
One of the extremely valuable functions of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip is its ability to seal a private key under the hash of the code that will use it. This means that one can create a private key which can only be read by a a piece of code that hashes to a certain value. By using this technology, we can esse...
Is there any available tool which can check kernel 3+ system call table for modifications? Also I want to know, is there any automated general tool to check Linux for unknown rootkits? Not like rkhunter etc. which is mainly signature based, I want something like GMER for Linux, check for code modifications, kernel hook...
JavaScript based OAuth exposes the client ID of the application and it trusts only on the domain requesting the access token. The domain name can be forged with a DNS hijack (or a virus affecting /etc/hosts). Then why is JavaScript based OAuth supported by Google, Facebook for clients not using HTTPS? Or am I missing s...
I recently generated some custom Diffie-Hellman parameters which are basically just long (in the below case 4096 bit) primes. Those are then used in the key exchange process. I used the following command: openssl dhparam -rand – 4096 Now I really wonder what OpenSSL actually does if I do not generate these parameters ...
Though pretty interested, I'm everything but an expert in Information Security, please redirect me to any helpful resources if my question is stupid or correct me if my assumptions are wrong. When reading through the Keepass Security page it seemed to me that the workflow of generating the password that's actually used...
I want to implement the following requirement. In an online Bank Transaction, a User wants to send an amount of $1000 to an Account A. I want to see that the request is going unmodified to Banking Server. So, I am using a Proxy Server as Fiddler n Client Side where the user enters Account and Amount information. Upon c...
Introduction: I am in the process of building a web-based game that requires user authentication. The vast majority of other gaming sites utilize the typical username/password method for authentication of users, however, knowing that gamers are typically lazy folks, I have thought about using a new kind of authentica...
I've noticed that when extracting password hashes from a domain controller (using Elcomsoft proactive password auditor) sometimes I'll get LM and NTLM hashes and other times I'll only get NTLM hashes. I note that the NTLM + LM hashes (the accounts that contain both sets) are recovered orders of magnitude faster than th...
Let's say I know a guy is selling an SSL cert at a very low price, assume they will generate a real and valid cert for me, since I need to submit my CSR to them and they pass to the CA, are there any risks involved in buying cert from them technically? Second question is: given a cert, are there any methods I can know ...
E.g.: XORing the candidate against stored then comparing against 0. Do I need to worry? (my question is much in the same style as this question: Does bcrypt compare the hashes in "length-constant" time?)
I've been getting a lot of failed connections lately, namely from Facebook and now Google (German site works, French does not). This happened to other sites as well but these two are the kind you expect to work smoothly. Does anyone have a reasonable explanation for this? I have OCSP validation active on Firefox, i.e. ...
I plan to create an application for secure instant messaging, now I don't know whether or not I want to implement the encryption by myself. This project is also mainly for educational purpose so I wouldn't mind a bit of extra work. My 'vision' is that every device that registers for my service generates a RSA-2048 keyp...
My college wireless network has a firewall blocking all outbound ports except 443 and 80. The wired network, however, has none of these restrictions. I can connect to HTTPS sites (obviously). On my server host, I forwarded port 443 and wrote an IPTables rule to redirect it to 22. From home I can connect as well as usin...
I have a sql injection in my site and im using sqlmap but when i try --os-shell it says cannot write file due to permissions . now is it impossible to write a file to the server?
I read the What is the difference between SSL vs SSH? Which is more secure? , and it mentions there is the possibility they can be affected by similar attacks. Now that the heartbleed thing is out, is the ssh used in python through Paramiko affected by this?
Does anyone know how to fingerprint an IPS ? is there any tool available to do the job? I want to detect snort in my network . Would appreciate any kind of help.
I wonder how Shodan crawls internet-connected devices and adds them to its database. I know Google, for instance, finds new websites by following links in websites it already found, but that strategy won't work with internet-connected devices because they don't link to one another. What method does Shodan follow?
With the release of heartbleed how does one protect themselves with closed source networking hardware like cisco? Especially hardware with VPN variety. Would it be best to replaced such systems with opensource hardware setups such as pfSense or OpenWall?
Well, actually I know that the risk is that somebody from an external network could access IPs and hostnames of the machines on a local network, but I am struggling to understand if this is it or if there is something else. If the devices on the local network are all behind NAT, what would an attacker do with just a si...
What are the benefits of storing known_hosts in a hashed form? From what I read, it is supposed to protect the list of servers I am connecting to, presumably in a scenario where my account has been compromised (and known_hosts file stolen) If my account were indeed to be compromised, having known_hosts hashed would be...
example4.php?id=id=2-1 I came across the above injection and I can not figure out why(how) does this work and what's interesting is it returns all the records from the database. Anything guys? educate me Thanks
I am in a situation where I would like to encrypt audio and text files for an application I am working on. I did some looking around and from what I have seen the Rijndal encryption algorithm would work well for this. I found an implementation that uses .NET's RijndaelManaged class here. In my site, I will be accepti...
We are in the process of setting up a PCI compliant server (with Firehost's help). We are using MongoDB as our primary database. I am having some concerns about the encryption, though. Are there any advantages of Field-level data encryption over Disk encryption (maybe with something like truecrypt)? Which would be the ...
I received an email to the email address listed on our website (it's a generic info@ourcompany.com to help "weed out" spam, whereas each employee has something like andreas@ourcompany.com to which I manually forward any "real" email that comes in through the website.) I received the following email (with actual names r...
We are a vendor that provides software to the healthcare industry, and our application is locally hosted on customer infrastructure. As such, we are provided with VPN access in order to be able to provide support for the software. Given the risk that a member of staff could see HIPAA protected information, almost all o...
To clarify, my question isn't on how to protect myself from phishing. What I'm curious about is how exactly software can identify whether or not a website is designed for phishing, ignoring word identifiers/scanners to looking for spam/phishing sounding material.
If I am working writing a text document in a text editor (say notepad or MS word, or ...) then I can save the file and the encrypt this file. I can then try to erase the original file by overwriting it (using proper software). From what I understand there is a small (?) problem doing this because copies of the file mig...
According to OWASP you can prevent CSRF in a ASP.NET application if you include the SessionID in the ViewState. From the article: Viewstate can be used as a CSRF defense, as it is difficult for an attacker to forge a valid Viewstate. It is not impossible to forge a valid Viewstate since it is feasible that parame...
I often use cat on the console to view the contents of files, and every now and then I accidentally cat a binary file which basically produces gibberish and system beeps. However today I've encountered a situation where the output from the cat utility got redirected to the console input so I got stuff like this: -bash:...
I'm generating a public PEM-format key from a private PEM-format key. I noticed that if I change a few characters near the end of the private PEM that the public PEM generated from the modified private PEM is exactly the same as the result from the unmodified private PEM. For example, this private PEM -----BEGIN RSA PR...
I recently got homeland on a humble bundle and I've been getting really interested in Information Security so i want to keep learning and the best way i find is to listen to Audio books or podcast while drawing\walking\sleeping. I've listened to Homeland and SnowCrash, i know the Cryptonomicon has an Audiobook but the...
I am trying to see the heartbleed bug in action with my OpenSSL server application. My server uses the OpenSSL library - openssl-1.0.1b I successfully connect with s_client (openssl-1.0.1b) to my server. The SSL Handshake is through. Now, I type 'B' to send in a encrypted Heartbeat to the server. But the server close...
I am staying in Thailand right now on a "long holiday" to do some work on my laptop. A few weeks I noticed that at the condo where I am staying, sometimes I am redirected to ad sites. I researched it and learned there may be some problem with the wireless router's security (the model, TD-W8961ND, has a known vulnerabil...
It seems to be generally accepted the same password should not be used for different sites or devices. How different should passwords be? For example +_^gum<JW1 and +_^gum<JW2 are very similar. Does it matter what the passwords are used for, for example having two e-mail accounts with similar passwords may be poor secu...
I have installed Tor on my Mint computer, but how do I determine if Tor is working? When I visit http://whatismyip.com, my old IP is shown. Should it not be a different IP when I'm using Tor? Here is some information when I run netstat -ant | grep 9050 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9050 0.0.0.0:* ...
We are using heartbeat for high availability of httpd. In httpd we are using openssl of version 0.9.8 but about heartbeat i dont much about that but while search in google some sites are sayong that if u use heartbeat we are affected with heartbleed. what should i do?
How does DPI basically identify SSL data traffic? Just by the number “443” in port section or the SSL traffic has some other particular properties other than “443”? Thanks in advance,
Is there a way to attack SHA-3, GOST, and WHIRLPOOL hash functions?
I have an application that runs in mobile devices and connects to my server via HTTPS. At times the connection fail because the device has a date set in the past (before the 'valid from' date on my certificate). I can change the application code running on the mobile devices and also can change things on server side, h...
Yesterday, I woke my computer up from sleep mode (it had been on all day while I was at work). And my browser was open to an email account that was not mine. Is it possible that someone hacked my WiFi and then used my computer to visit websites on my computer? If it is, is there a way to detect when someone had access...
I have a school project where i am supposed to implement a Kerberos based infrastructure (AS, TGS and resource server). It is already done and working, but i started thinking about how to protect the Authentication Server against DDOS and although is not a project requirement, i am very curious about how it should be ...
I'm working on an application which allows a moderator to edit information of user. So, at the moment, I have URL's like http://www.example.com/user/1/edit http://www.example.com/user/2/edit I'm a bit worried here, as I'm directly exposing the users table primary key (ID) from the database. I simply take the ID from t...
I recently got a magnetic card reader that plugs into my computer because I was bored. I decided to scan my ID and bank card through it and I was surprised to see my ID number/bank card number show up plainly on the screen. Therefore, can you load a custom value onto a blank card (say, another number or SQL injection s...
So with my knowledge of Tor, I know that exit nodes are where packets escape the Tor network and enter the "traceable" internet; ie. you can link an attack to an exit node but not the source of the attack within the Tor network. If I notice my server is getting attacked by exit nodes, can identifying as many exit node...
Are there signatures for malicious JavaScript codes as they exist for other viruses/worms/trojans developed in other programming languages ? If so, are these JavaScript malware signatures defined the same way as they are defined in other "standard" malwares ? I ask this because I need to download some signatures of kn...
The cert for our public facing site is about to expire soon. Our site is entirely http. The site runs on SharePoint, and with SharePoint working with NTLM, the credentials that are passed over the site are done so securely (not in plain text). This is for users going to the site and making basic changes (text/images). ...
How can I create a password, which when directly hashed (without any salt) with md5 will return a string containing the 8 characters "SALT ME!". The hope is that a naive developer browsing through his user database will see the "hash", realize the insecurity of his application, and eventually make the world a better pl...
I've read through How do I deal with a compromised server? and have followed the steps to cleaning-up/mitigating any future damage. I'm just wondering if there are any post-clean up steps that are considered "best practice", such as: Informing the customers of the infection and clean up submitting the shells/infected ...
I am a software engineer with an interest in expanding my knowledge in the security field. In addition to security.stackexchange and OWASP, I am currently reading the book "The web application hacker's handbook". My question is; based on your experience(s) what are worthy security certifications for a software engineer...
I have a function that returns random unguessable keys with the following characters: a-z A-Z 0-9. I have set the key length to 10 and I am using that for my form tokens to prevent CRSF and I will be using the same function also to generate email confirmation keys. My question is if that will be secure enough to use? T...
On Android applications now some applications say that they want access to things such as speaker or camera "at any time without your confirmation". I wasn't sure if this meant that it does not require your overt permission each time to access that resource, or if it meant that it can literally access that resource whe...
I'm creating a web API in .Net for a web application. I'm wondering what the industry standard for login authentication is. I know that most people believe that sending cleartext username/passwords over SSL is enough security, but I don't want to place all of my trust that SSL won't be broken in the future and I'm a f...
(Sorry I know this is a complete noob question and at the risk of posting a somewhat duplicate topic. I have a basic understanding of public/private key, hashing, digital signature... I have been searching online & stack forum last couple days but cannot seem to find a satisfactory answer.) Example: I am surfing on op...
I've heard that using encryption outside military use has been illegal for a long time in the USA. However, I've also heard that when the regulation was updated, limits were put on encryption strength (such as key size by common algorithms such as AES). Is this last statement true?
I am new here, and have poked around the site looking for an overview of which hash algorithm to use on the web and why. It seems to be the consensus that SHA-256 or other SHA-2 family algorithms are the best because they do not have the collisions that MD5 and older hash techniques have. I'm wondering if SHA-2 family ...
Looking at this previous question, the answer suggests that using a GET request to retrieve a CSRF token in order to make a POST is a legitimate method of preventing CSRF attacks. I have two websites, and a form is used to communicate between them -- a login form. These two sites are on separate subdomains, and the for...
I have huge problem with my router: Sagem F@st 3202. Here are some Security log events: Inbound Traffic | Blocked - Default policy | TCP XX.XX.XX.XXX:80->XX.X.XX.XX:51707 on ppp0 [repeated 3 times, last time on Apr 23 02:32:08 2014] Inbound Traffic | Blocked - Spoofing protection | IGMP 192.168.4.1->22...
In order for a Heartbleed attack to happen and for someone to grab the SSL private key and even spy they have to be on the local network with a router, switch or server, correct? Or can this be done to any server directly over the internet? I always thought packet sniffing had to be done locally
I want to implement a challenge-response login authentication for my web application. My understanding is that the server has to send back the password salt for the user so that the user can calculate the password hash on the client side and then send it back to the server to compare and check if the user is authentic...
After some half-good script kiddies found out about this exploit or DDoS method, they have been doing it like crazy to websites, game servers, and now my home servers which allows me to work on some of my client's websites and different projects for people. My ISP is calling me, complaining about it and how it is using...
I'm trying to understand the DUKPT (Derived Unique Key Per Transaction) system used for PIN devices, but I'm getting hung up on the IPEK. This blog post has an image where the sequence is: BDK (Secret) IPDK (Generated, used, then thrown away) Future Key (Generated, used in devices) One-Time encryption key (Generated,...
Is there a general name for this sort of cryptographic protocol? If so what sort of assymetric/symmetric encryption functions tend to be used for this protocol?
What would you think about military strategist who is publishing full plans for all of important infrastructure? I think that person will be stupid. Can be this analogy case with OpenSource? Here is one possible scenario of attack on OpenSource systems in near future: Say, there are enemy goverment with big budget of m...
For example today there are ".codes", ".farm" and ".vaijes" newly available. How do big companies like google, facebook, twitter, .. keep sure that they are the first who register their name on the new domain? Is there any contract they have with the domain registrar?
I want to make sure that the dynamic link libraries used by my application can't be replaced with other libraries of the same name, in order to inject malicious code. Therefore, I thought about creating a fingerprint of the DLLs before releasing new application versions. The application would then validate the fingerpr...
I was thinking about a situation to avoid session sharing or hijacking, validating the IP the user logged in against the ip that is accessing any page after log in. It was working until I figured it's possible when the user are coming from other network and someone from inside the same network copied (or hijacked) the ...
I would like to install Metasploit on an hardened OS. For this purpose I chose Mavericks just because I'm able to harden this OS pretty far. I would like to install Metasploit with MacPorts because until now, all the best security tools I needed were correctly manageable with MacPorts through 4 different versions of Ma...
I'm currently learning IKE and IPsec for an exam. I have a lot of information on how Security Parameter Indexes (SPI) are used in both protocols, but I'm having some problems figuring out the coherence. First, in IKE, both parties share their SPI with the respective other party. I guess these will be the both SPIs use...
Here at OU=PKI we've been requested to issue a certificate with CA capabilities to install it in our reverse proxy, so that it could issue trustable certificates for every single web. (SSL ending) Currently it is signing them with an own non trustable Bluecoat certificate. So the browser warns you each time Should I ju...
I'm using SourceTree (a Git GUI) which uses PuTTY as SSH client. I need to push some code into a repository for which I need to tunnel through SSH to do so. The trouble is, the repository and SSH authentication server are on separate servers. Hence, I need to login to one server and then push to another one. I was give...
Several systems rely on using UID of smart card for identification/authorization. For example database stores list of smart card UIDs and corresponding privileges. Given that today there exist cards where you can write any UID you want and thus emulate say Mifare classic UID for example, what are practices of using sma...
I would like to know if the connection in my office is filtered, because i cannot access Faceboook neither Youtube but i can access google with no problems, but Tor i can access all the websites. i would like to know some details about the filtering software used in my office network. is there any type if filtering tha...
The company I work for has a few OpenVPN servers used by over 200 employees. The servers were deployed a few years ago using the default easyrsa settings and now we want to upgrade to stronger encryption and authentication. Is it possible to change the 1024-bit CA seamlessly, like issuing a 2048-bit CA and sign it with...
Which SSH server (compatible with Debian Wheezy) has the fewest (if any) exploitable security bugs?
I am using a form token to prevent CSRF attacks. Those tokens are stored and tied to a user's session. Now I want to refresh the token only every N minutes or hours so that the user's don't experience any usability issues like the browser Back button not working properly. My question is, what would be a good time perio...
As I was going through Crypt::SSLeay, preparing it for the next release, I noticed the following code, written way before my time, ... int rand_bytes_read; static int bNotFirstTime; char buf[ 1024 ]; ... if(!bNotFirstTime) { SSLeay_add_all_algorithms(); SSL_load_error_strings(); ERR_load_crypto_strings()...
I have a list of 30 websites I have scanned. I need to pull out a report for each individual website. Is it possible to do? Right now I am just running a report and getting the results for all 30 and it just comes out in a huge chunk of data I dont have time to sift through.
I have a desktop WPF application which authenticates with Dynamics CRM 2011. I ask for the username and password of the user and use them to connect to Dynamics CRM 2011 using CrmConnection.parse("url={2};Username={1};Password{2}",CRMServerUrl, Username,Password). This class then connects to the CRM Server using the pr...
In DTLS 1.2 RFC 6347, section 4.2.6: CertificateVerify and Finished messages have the same format as in TLS. Hash calculations include entire handshake messages, including DTLS-specific fields: message_seq, fragment_offset, and fragment_length. Is this the case for DTLS 1.0 as well? Cause I can't find info particul...