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I am a University student and I'm currently working on a paper of ethical hacking. I have already investigated a lot about Web based attacks(SQLI, XSS, etc.) and about two months ago I started learning more about RE (Reverse Engineering) in Immunitydebugger. My professor (who is a CCNP and is an instructor of CCNA) was...
I was pondering my computer theory and this question has been bugging me for a while . Is it possible in some way to have a running process with its memory "encrypted" on an insecure system ? If some one started a thread and its bits where encrypted with a key would`t it have to have its key visible in ram any way ? I ...
What I know about CSRF is that a malicious website tricks a normal user into issuing a request to a trusted website using a form. I understand that is possible because we can post forms to different domains. However, I see posts of Stackoverflow that say that one should also protect AJAX requests using a token. Doesn't...
I know theoretical that blowfish is much faster than aes. But I benchmarked several algorithms including aes and blowfish for 1MB, 5MB, 10MB etc. files in java 8 platform and bouncy castle library. In every test scenarios aes is faster than blowfish. I wonder if I make mistake somwhere? Here is the code : private stati...
When deploying a mobile phone best practices policy, one of the points which were raised was the requirement for the user to protect his SIM card with a PIN. The theory is that three failed attempts to input the right PIN switches the SIM card into PUK mode, and 10 failed attempts to input the PUK make the card unusabl...
I'm able to upload any file to an ASP webapp/IIS server. My first though is to upload an ASP shell but I don't know where the file has been uploaded. I have written a Python script that beggining with the URLs dumped by ZAP, makes requests to any known folder looking for my ASP file. For example, if I have the followin...
is there external library/approach/whatever to add canary protection (stack-protector equivalent) extra buffer boundary check (fortity source equivalent) on a C software without using glibc / gcc built-in functionality ?
I plan on using OpenVPN on client devices which are small embedded machines, so I must balance between speed and security. The OpenVPN documentation says that it is "general wisdom that 1024-bit keys are no longer sufficient". This refers to the asymetric keys used for the key exchange. I should now choose an encryptio...
Suppose you have an Internet banking site based on a secure web server running the HTTPS protocol via port 443. The server authenticates itself to clients through an X.509 certificate signed by a CA. The signature is constructed by using RSA encryption of the MD5 hash of the certificate content. The key used for the e...
I need some pointers to any resources (videos from any conferences or general videos, pdf, anything) for secure source code reviewing of multi-tiered web-apps in JAX-WS, Spring or Hibernate. I am especially interested in know what are the security vulnerabilities that can occur when using these specific frameworks. I a...
While performing a pentest for a Java based application I came across an SQL (actually HQL) error by simply putting a single quote in one of the request parameters and breaking the syntax of the query. But as the application made use of Hibernate Query Language as an intermediate layer between the application and the d...
In TrueCrypt I noticed the option to encrypt a volume with multiple encryption algorithms i.e. AES-Twofish-Serpent. Would it be useful to encrypt something with the same algorithm multiple times? For example AES-AES-AES. I would guess if a flaw or backdoor in the algorithm was discovered this defense would be useless, ...
Skip to the fifth paragraph for the actual question, before that is some background. I am a highschool student with an interest in computers and penetration testing. Given the restrictions placed on student-level access on the computers at my school, I often attempt privilege escalation in order to gain more complete a...
<?php header("Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'sha256-".base64_encode(hash('sha256', 'console.log("Hello world");', true))."'"); ?> <script>console.log("Hello world");</script> However I still receive in Chrome: Refused to execute inline script because it violates the following Content Security Policy directiv...
Is it possible to use RSA public and private keys to authenticate two computers (or to make sure they're both the right computers)? If so, how? Thanks!
I was at a coffee shop and had to (I mean had to) check something on my bank account and another account. I figured since the two websites I was viewing were encrypted, and because my computer (I'm on a Mac) has a firewall, and I don't share through a cloud or such, that my information is safe. Google is encrypted from...
I've recently joined a security project, and received a task to demonstrate the risk related to an end-user uploading an image containing embedded (malicious) JavaScript code. I used EXIFeditor to inject JavaScript code in an image's imgdescription tag, then uploaded the image to the ASP.NET web server using the follow...
The private and the public key from the cert must have the same algorithm, correct? Yes of course pub / priv are a key pair. So this code would be legal, to be more flexible (e.g. ECDSA or DSA): PrivateKey privkey = (PrivateKey) keystore.getKey(keyAlias, passphrase); Certificate cert = keystore.getCertificate(keyAl...
Is anybody use publicly available (or relatively cheap) templates of procedures for ISO 27001 for build own information security management system capable to be conform standard. Any recommendation? After such organic building system did you certified it? Or crucial was reach comparable metrics and staff behavior, no...
I was wondering if it is possible to create a windows SAM file. I already tried using chntpw but it seems like it only works under a Redhat based linux, ie I was able to blank/change a Windows 7 64bit box on Fedora with chntpw 0.99.5 but I couldn't get it done using Backtrack 5, Ubuntu or Kali. I know I can recover th...
There are many Firewall solutions for the world on different operating systems: iptables, pf, ipfw. My question is: Does the firewalls run in kernel-space or all of them runs in user-space? (in general, not just the mentioned ones)
I installed the CAcert root certificates on my Android device (which is not rooted), so that I could visit websites with server CAcert certificates without getting the "certificate not trusted" warning. But now I get constantly reminded by Android, at each reboot, that a third party is capable of monitoring my network ...
Since an IP address does not necessarily represent a specific device, but probably a whole network/company/etc. does it at all make sense to block an IP address if there is a significant amount of false login tries from it? I was planning to implement IP checking as well as tries for a specific user/account/email, but ...
As I understand it, GnuPG allows the creation of multiple subkeys, but multiple encryption subkeys are problematic because it's not clear which encryption subkey someone should use when sending a message. As such, by default, when a person sends a message to you, their software will select the most recent encryption s...
We are currently having accounts compromised at a substantially high rate. Some in the organization believe that our password complexity requirements is enough to thwart brute force attacks. I wanted to test and demonstrate how certain password complexity requirements can actually reduce the password search space. Has ...
We seem to spend a lot of time guarding against Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks without discussing who we are actually guarding against. This is important because if these individuals are unlikely to attack our website or the cost of them doing so is minimal then we can afford to spend less resources guarding against ...
I'm having trouble with a spammer and would like to begin submitting their messages to a few black hole lists. Unfortunately, I'm having trouble finding a list. For example mail-abuse.org now redirects to Trend Micros and there's nothing of substance available (just a dashboard showing SPAM densities per country). Are ...
I've heard from several people that private repository servers like BitBucket are not really safe. I've heard rumours about code being stolen and used by people even out of private repositories. Is it true? Is there any evidence, that cases like that could have happened?
I have a use case forced upon me by industry regulation. I wish it wasn't there, but it is. A user logs in to my service, navigates around, etc. The user can perform many actions, but one of the actions requires (by industry regulation) that the user re-enter the username and password prior to continuing. It does not m...
Is there an easy way to test an SMTP server to check for configuration issues associated with STARTTLS encryption, and report on whether it has been configured properly so that email will be encrypted using STARTTLS? Think of the Qualys SSL server tester as an analogy: it is a great tool to quickly check a webserver to...
I am trying to figure out how it was compromised. They installed IptabLes and IptabLex in /boot. They also added /etc/init.d/IptabLes and /etc/init.d/IptabLex which simply call the respective /boot files. It seems this attack uses a lot of bandwidth (probably a DDoS); I noticed it immediately. The server is running Ce...
I'm going though my GPG keychain. I've got a key for a few strangers in my keychain. I don't recall exchanging keys and I'm not sure how the public keys came to be installed in the keychain. I think (perhaps incorrectly) it may have been installed by GPG for Mac OS X, but I'm not certain. I did find some references to ...
I am seeing quite a few browser "version 0.0" in visitor log. Can anyone explain the significance of this? Please see examples below. Thanks. Safari version 0.0 running on ChromeOS Chrome version 0.0 running on Win8.1 Chrome version 0.0 running on Win7 Chrome version 0.0 running on WinXP Google Web Preview version 0.0...
NIST recommends FIPS 181 as a random password generator for "easy to remember" passwords. As far as I understand the standard: it will generate a password that is lowercase, and with some pronouncebale syllabuls My question is whether there is an alternative standard which: includes besides lowercase alphabet, upp...
At our office we have bad reception for 3G. We bought a Femtocell device that provides a 3G connection for one specific mobile provider. This device is connected to our network via ethernet. I cannot use this device at our office, because I use another provider. Thinking about this - it could be that I use connections ...
So I just used metasploit to generate the payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp payload without null bytes (generate -t raw -b '\x00' -f shellcode). Here's the shellcode: $ xxd -p shellcode dbddd97424f45e33c9bf0e0f5844b114317e1983c604037e15ecfa699f07 e7d95cb482dfebdbe386269b5f19ebf35da51a5f08b54d0f455407c90d5a 589cef60ea9a5...
I have my own suspicions that there are blocked users of my website that use Teamviewer to login to my site from their friends' pc. Is there any way to identify if the one who visit a website is using the Teamviewer at the same time?
If I go to https://google.com/q=test_query with from my browser, what traffic can be seen on the router? Can the domain name (google.com) be seen? If so, can I block all of the traffic to a web page by disallowing access to that domain? Does anything change if the website has multiple IPs (different servers)? Thanks!
In other words, how easy is it to break into Windows without having the passwords for any of the users configured in the computer?
I am trying to encrypt few database columns (string values) using Java AES algorithm. This is to protect certain sensitive data. For some users these data should decrypted. In Java AES encryption, if my input character length is 60, I am getting encrypted string length as 88. But I don't want a change the length of the...
As stated in the title. In my lab I am trying to arpspoof a so called "victim pc" that is using Windows 7. I do arp spoofing with arpspoof, but once run arp -a on the victim I see that the gateway entry is not changed. Maybe because the entry associated with the gateway is set to static. In a situation like this, there...
A recent laptop theft, as well as concern that the data upon it might be deliberately accessed (on a drive with encryption or not), head lead me to think about how one might retroactively seek to regain possession of such a laptop, or at least how one might go about gaining leads as to who might have taken it - or wher...
Using a buffer overflow, I have been able to override return addresses. But the problem is that Windows addresses contain zeros at the beginning (e.g. 0x00401020). As a result, the objdump of any C binary will contain zero's. This makes it very difficult to execute shellcode inside a buffer as a shellcode cannot contai...
I got a question that says "What is the major difference in the USB propagation system used by Flame with regard to Stuxnet to prevent being identified?". After Googling for a while, I haven't found anything about this.
We have a situation where a user's identity can be verified as follows: the network provider knows the identity of the user and injects secure headers into the HTTP request, which our servers can use to authenticate the user. We're writing client-server applications and want to use this mechanism to automatically authe...
Is it possible to trace the source or destination (location, even coordinates) of an SMS message ? If it is, is it possible to do it even if the phone is roaming in a different country ?
1.4 install personal firewall software on any mobile and/or employee-owned computers with direct connectivity to the Internet (for example, laptops used by employees), which are used to access the organization’s network. If company employees have their own mobile devices that don't connect to the internal network howev...
I have several clients that are having trouble logging into vendor's web service. When talking to the vendor about the issue, they told me to set them up with Chrome running in Windows XP compatibility mode. This is how they want the client to change the compatibility settings: I have some reservations about this fi...
We have several applications that leverage AD SAML (via Ping Federate) LDAP authentication from 3rd party applications Windows workstation / Exchange auth (Kerberos) IIS and web components (su4user, impersonation, etc) I have never deployed 2 factor auth in an AD environment and remember reading that RADIUS was leve...
How can find the efficiency of any biometric system is there an equation to find it? How is the efficiency of a biometric security system?
From what I understand, when you send information to a website over SSL, you encrypt the information you send with their public key. However, if you want to be able to decrypt the information they reply with, you are going to need a private/public key combination yourself. I don't ever recall having been prompted for a...
The wonderful answer to the question "What can an attacker do with Bluetooth and how should it be mitigated?" suggests that frequently re-pairing Bluetooth devices is a "good idea™." Are there any Bluetooth pairing sequence attacks such that it would be advisable to avoid pairing Bluetooth devices in public places? Or ...
I'm trying to understand how this user impersonation might have taken place. Here's the scenario: Our controller got a call from our bank this morning about a suspicious wire transfer request. After some back-and-forth with the controller and with the bank, we've established that this is what happened: Somebody sent a...
The official TrueCrypt webpage now states: WARNING: Using TrueCrypt is not secure as it may contain unfixed security issues This page exists only to help migrate existing data encrypted by TrueCrypt. The development of TrueCrypt was ended in 5/2014 after Microsoft terminated support of Windows XP. Windows 8/7/Vi...
I have a web application where (among other things) customers can upload files and administrators can then download those files. The uploaded files are stored on ServerA and the web application used to upload/download those files runs on ServerB. I would like to make it so that while the files are stored on ServerA th...
I read an article from CSA that they rank service traffic hijacking as the #3 threat to cloud-services. Why is it worse for the user if an attacker hijacks its service traffic on cloud? What new exploits can the attacker take advantage of in a cloud-service compared to before? I had a hard time phrasing this question ...
A typical strategy for defeating ASLR is to find both a buffer overflow bug and an information disclosure bug. But when attacking servers that are automatically restarted whenever they crash/die, is a buffer overflow bug enough? Can we use that buffer overflow bug to also give us the information disclosure capability...
I want to create my computer passwords with a RNG, but I am thinking about one thing: I would use python to write that script and the RNG is controlled by one seed, most likely the time. If I would generate my passwords with a RNG that is seeded with the time and someone knows about it, he could try to brute-force the ...
I don't trust BitLocker. Probably backdoored and relies on TPM which can be hacked according to DEFON. It also does not allow for hidden partitions or other advantages like TrueCrypt. With TrueCrypt and the state that it is in, are there any other open source options that can be trusted and not backdoored?
I am planning to use JSON as the data transport mechanism between my iOS app and my server (the server is a WCF service). While learning about JSON, I realized that all the data is passed around directly in the URL. I am sure this question gets asked a lot but I was not able to find anything concrete on the site. Is th...
I'm made a small web service that gets urls, download them, and convert them for another format. Most of those urls are documents (doc, docs,...). Basically, I'm open them with MS-Word and convert their type. Another critical assume is that my server will meet, in some day, an infected file within the given urls. Now, ...
From what I understand, the certificate authorities (CAs) have to get their root certificate included in the browser. What if the root certificate of a particular CA is not included in the web browser yet. Is there another way to get it in? Maybe my question is not clear enough. The question shoud be : in a PKI hierar...
Many people who live outside the US use "DNS unblockers" such as Unblock-Us to access region restricted services such as Netflix and Hulu. My understanding of these services is that for DNS requests to blocked services it instead returns an IP for one of their proxy services. Netflix is approximately 5 times cheaper th...
I am having trouble finding out if a potential server configuration is secure. I have a server running a nginx reverse proxy that is accessible from a public ip address on the ports 80 and 443. I then have a private network that is internal to the machine nginx is running on with a 172.17.%.% address that only the mach...
This has become a bit of a thought experiment for me. Suppose someone would like to establish a pseudonym along with a corresponding PGP Key, how could other people verify the correspondence between the name and the key? Generally, PGP keys are for real people, whose identity can be verified IRL, but that does not appl...
I have an c/c++ program used for encrypting data for communicating between two ends. Encryption is done using OpenSSL (0.9.8d-fips, Sep 2006). Think it'll be worthy to mention that I'm not much familiar with using OpenSSL. The program works fine for larger packets. But the size overhead is very high when encrypting sma...
i play an android game which seems to send the player's high score in an encrypted format . some thing like (f11cca35236eebbdc26a0ce45876d117) a 32 character code tried MD5 but no result found. i wanna know is there any way i could decrypt it or at least find the encryption method? thanks
In light of the current fiasco surrounding TrueCrypt, I have received considerable criticism from current clients and peers in the IT industry for my continued support of the open-source model. Such criticism is usually lumped in with ongoing dialogue on the virtues and failures of the open-source model following episo...
I'm playing with adfs, and I'd like to store credentials in a session context during my questioning of the user. So, my question is, is it safe to store sensitive data in a session context? Thanks
In a weird announcement on the TrueCrypt page it says that the software is unsafe so we should migrate to BitLocker. If it is a prank it's sure not funny especially when it comes to data. Since I want to switch to Linux as my primary OS, I was thinking about Encrypted LVM. Is this secure just as TrueCrypt full-disk e...
Unfortunately, TrueCrypt may have been discontinued yesterday. I use LUKS on Linux, but I liked the fact that with TrueCrypt I had a portable solution across Windows, Mac, & Linux. TrueCrypt has its own license, but it was Open Source. Are you aware of any reasonable fork of TrueCrypt or any other portable alternativ...
We are a medium sized company. Recently, one of the representatives of the finance department raised a question about the use of credit cards to shop on-line among different departments in our company. His concern relates to cases when a person from Department X requests to make a purchase from a site directly from his...
I was using TrueCrypt until recently, until one of two options has happened: either it was discontinued or its web-site truecrypt.org was hacked. Any option implies that I don't trust it anymore. So I'm now looking for encryption that is both convenient (just drag and dropping a file into a container) and secure (in th...
So I am interested in computer security, cryptography and security protocols. Thing is, everything I read is about theoretical usage of protocols, but how do those things work in real world? Is there a book or paper that I can read and understand how everything works practically. Like how everything is implemented prog...
I'm working on a mechanism to better handle group policy passwords in response to MS14-025. We formerly used this mechanism for setting the local admin account passwords on our workstations (primarily Windows 7) To this end (see the method I've outlined below for specifics) my thought is to have these changed client si...
Specifically, why are the most popular attack proxies written in java? Is there any particular security posture to the design of the java language that makes writing tools like these simpler? Easier to maintain and update?
Many websites, including banks, use text messages as their primary or secondary means of authentication. In theory, it sounds like a perfect method unless the user loses their phone or has it infected with a virus. However, are there any known attacks on text messages that don't rely on access to the actual phone? Is i...
Given KeePassDroid, I'm considering some of the security implications of accessing KeePass databases on an Android device. In the native applications for Windows, OSX, and Linux, whenever the database is locked or exited, the password is erased from memory by filling its location with zeroes. Since Java itself does gar...
Does DANE offer the ability to provide certificates for services? Or is it just hosts? How does one specify a mail server with DANE? If my email is jd@foo.com but mail.bar.com is the email server, then do I publish mail.bar.com for the foo.com domain? Here, mail.bar.com may be operated by someone else (in my case, its ...
I wonder why countermeasures against code-injection and control-flow hijacking attacks (e.g. stack-based buffer overflows and heap-based buffer overflows) are mostly implemented in software. Examples of popular and widely deployed countermeasures are: - ASLR - Stack canaries - Non-executable memory regions But why exac...
I am taking a web security class and was told by the instructor that most of the websites today use https for authentication and then use a cookie (authentication token) in plain text to keep track of the user. I wanted to confirm this. For example, when I use Amazon.com, if I logged in before, Amazon shows something r...
Transaction Data Signing I need an idea to develop a very secure algorithm to authenticate online operations using PHP in the server and an Android app in the user's device. What is the idea? The user try to login in the system. The server sends a confirmation request to user's device (Android). The user sees the date,...
A friend shared a "security service" he just read about. Apparently the product is in beta and can thus be tried by anyone right now. I found it very interesting and surprising. I'm curious to know who provides the license plate photos for this product and what legal implications exist with this sort of thing. The serv...
I have a web application that runs on localhost. I have a self-signed certificate for tomcat configured but when loading the website on firefox, I get a security exception. Can I get a CA to sign my SSL certificate so that this error is not thrown?
I'm developing Medical Billing & EHR Software. On completion we are planning to use AWS for hosting and thus provide SAAS. Do we need to encrypt the MySQL database in order to keep HIPAA compliance? I'm aware of HIPAA requirements for data at rest but I don't know how it applies to Amazon Web Services.
My understanding is that, typically websites are recommended to store only hashes of passwords using one-way cryptographic hash function. This way, there is no way to retrieve the passwords even when somebody can hack the database.[1] On the other hand, financial management website Mint requires you to enter bank logi...
I want to create a dual-boot such that the content of each OS is separated from the other using encryption. The main point point would be to to test out potentially harmful software on one OS, and still be able to rely on the integrity of the other OS. User A uses OS A and User B uses OS B. Lets assume: both OSes are...
I have a website and hosted some data and MySQL files on it. Is it possible for me to install an intrusion detection system on it, or can IDSs only be installed on my internal network where I have a router?
I've read numerous articles about using HMAC and the secret key for client authentication in a RESTful client (Javascript) application today. Still, I don't find a single source that is able to transparently explain to me a process that fills the security gaps in the theory. The secret key is supposed to be secret, whi...
With their iOS devices, Apple allows people to block certain applications through "Restrictions". I recently had an issue with my iPhone where I'm positive that I entered the correct passcode on my new phone, but the device refused to give me access. Searching around online shows LOTS of other people claiming the same ...
There is no doubt in my mind that spaces should be allowed in passwords. I see some websites disallow spaces, symbols in passwords and even enforce minimum length which seems t otally nonsensical to me. Normally I'd check that user passwords contain: minimum of 6 characters Upper case letters Lower case letters Number...
I am trying to find out whether this is vulnerable against XSS: I can control the content of the title tag through the URL. This would make the site vulnerable if it wasn't for the fact that the site only takes the text until the first forward slash appears, making it seemingly impossible to close the title tag. I alre...
Since a few days, the Sourceforge project page of TrueCrypt is displaying a message saying: WARNING: Using TrueCrypt is not secure as it may contain unfixed security issues And, the authors are even encouraging users to switch for Microsoft BitLocker program. The press did a lot of comments about this change: TrueCr...
Question Standard security advice is: Only download files from websites that you trust. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-ca/windows/downloading-files-internet-faq This implies that 1. we are active agents when downloading files from websites and 2. websites cannot download files to our computer without our interaction...
I attended B-Sides in Orlando FL where one of the speakers had mentioned a site which contains hardened configs for popular services such as apache and postfix. The author of these configs is anonymous and although he doesn't claim to be an expert most would agree his configs are pretty locked down. I want to say it's ...
Watching the Snowden interview last night, Brian Williams asks him what degree of control the NSA has over smartphones -- in particular, whether or not they can remotely turn them on in order to collect data. Snowden replies "Yes" and goes on to say some scary things about the kinds of data that government agencies can...
I've been getting the weirdest email messages for the last 2 days on my personal gmail inbox. On May 28th, exactly at 4:33 pm BRST I got about 2,000 emails that look exactly the same, here's the original. Delivered-To: XXXXXX@gmail.com Received: by 10.58.195.142 with SMTP id ie14csp9116vec; Wed, 28 May 2014 17:...
For a long time I've pondered this question. I am aware of the benefits and downsides of dynamic libraries (shared objects), including the infamous article by Drepper. All other things being equal, isn't a statically linked binary of, say Nginx or OpenSSH, less prone to stuff like library placement or other (non-kernel...
IP is hidden in apache log for privacy, except last octet. /billing is our application start page. But it doesn't make sense that it sends POST requests, and get 500 response. Or maybe this is legitimate old IE 7 browser who can't handle our site, ant sets into loop? There is about 20000 such requests xx.xx.xx.223 - -...
While it seems like a bad idea for attackers to be able to use DNSSEC to enumerate subdomains, I cannot think of a specific attack that this information enables, which would not be doable without this information.

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