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I know nmap is a port scanner and its output shows all the open ports, the services running on those ports, the underlying OS and technology, etc. What should one take from this result in easiest possible terms especially if someone is from application security background? This question may sound stupid but I would pre...
message confidentiality message integrity message authentication non-repudiation The 4 services are related in the sense that one services often implies/provides another. Indicate for each service which of the three other services are also provided? Message integrity means that message has been send and received with...
The OWASP state that open redirect is a vulnerability: An open redirect is an application that takes a parameter and redirects a user to the parameter value without any validation. This vulnerability is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without realizing it. However, it's trivial fo...
I'm overhauling our absolute time-bomb of an order processing system that would put us out of business tomorrow were we audited for PCI compliance. It's so amateur it's scary. I'm planning on making a case to the higher-ups that the liabilities of storing CC information outweigh the conveniences of not having to re-ask...
I want to buy a antivirus for my laptop.but I am in a fix.I want to buy such a antivirus that doesn't slow my laptop much.laptop configaration :processor core i5,Ram 4GB,operating system windows 7।please suggest me some best antiviruses. ..
According to RFC 5246, 7.1. Change Cipher Spec Protocol: The ChangeCipherSpec message is sent during the handshake after the security parameters have been agreed upon, but before the verifying Finished message is sent. And 6.1. Connection States: A TLS connection state is the operating environment of the TLS Record ...
To log in to our web app, our security team is insisting on 2FA as it is hosted on our internal network. The proposed solution is to have a standard username (email address) and password login, which will then trigger a four digit PIN emailed to the user which they will have to enter to log in. To my mind that is two s...
I am wondering if I did a Nessus scan using a Windows machine how it would log in to a Linux based device. Windows does not have a native ssh client. I am aware that Nessus will log into systems given credentials and scan from the inside out. Does Nessus install a ssh client or does it simply do external scan? I am...
I've been reading Whonix's documentation and threads here to be more anonymous and secure. For the best anonymity Whonix recommends having two different computers, one being the gateway and the other being the workstation. On the workstation, for the best anonymity and security, would it be wise to run Tails as a Live...
The status quo is that most online websites limit login attempts per IP address, or even per account since some attackers possess huge amounts of IP addresses. Removing login limits would have the advantage that attackers would no longer be able to fraudulently deny access (availability) to legitimate users, be it by I...
I want to know about some of the good resources for pen-testing cloud based services or web-apps (such as AWS). I googled for it but there are really few good resources out there. For example, I liked this article by SANS: http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/2012/07/05/pen-testing-in-the-cloud Apart from this, does anyone...
I am currently reading "Metasploit: The Penetration Tester's Guide" and I came across the following paragraph in the book (in the 1st chapter) During intelligence gathering, you attempt to identify what protection mechanisms are in place at the target by slowly starting to probe its systems. For example, an organ...
I am trying to implement a copy protection (or licensing) mechanism for an android app. The app is not distributed through Google Play or other online market and instead it is distributed through media such as CD/DVD. So we cannot employ market based licensing methods. The app is a learning app for different levels of ...
I'm creating a file storage site and what I would do is just have the download links format as: https://www.domain.com/[id]/[file name] //id would just be 1, 2, 3 etc. Dropbox and many others have it similarly except that the IDs are long / hashed: https://www.dropbox.com/s/23d3kaz4adw9deq/anyfile.txt Is there any (s...
The management at work are asking, "How can we send files easily and safely to each other?", arguing that: Putting attachments in email is not safe. They want to send links instead They want to refer to a central, latest version of a file, rather than sending a copy They want to be able to read the file both on laptop...
I hope you won't close the question. Even though there are no computers involved, it is still about information and security, and I think that security experts are the ones who will be able to help best. I want to do some user research. I need people to fill out a questionnaire, and then fill out another questionnaire...
I want to block some part of a website or some videos from dailymotion or other site video sites. Type of network I have 7-8 devices(PCs, Mobiles, iPhones & tablets) all connected to a router (Tenda W150d) with wire or with wifi. I dont have a seperate server like offices to control traffic. Problems I can block web...
Some days ago, I was studying Web Programming for academic purposes. So I was learning SQL Injection by applying it on a sample website sqlzoo.net/hack/ But soon after it, in the Google ads on every page, every ad has been of "acunetix - Learn to prevent SQL Injection attacks". I don't get ads of other categories. Why ...
After reading many articles and watching many tutorials I decided to be specific because there are some things about SSL certificate chain verification and SSL cetificate verification in general that I couldn't verify against all the tutorials I have read nor the ones I watched. CASE 1: Let me take a case where I own a...
According to this post (and to my personal experience), installing the Skype app on Facebook and the Skype client on OSX Mavericks will result in you being logged out from Facebook every time you launch the Skype client. This question is not only to warn you of such an issue but to discuss what this could imply. It is ...
Started using OpenVPN on my desktop computer and monitored the traffic with Microsoft network monitor. What I noticed, is that when the openvpn session is initialized, only connections established after this point are routed through the VPN. That is to say I had to restart Skype to get it to route traffic through OpenV...
I am facing an XSS vulnerability in my ASP.Net Web application where the malicious code may be encrypted and html encoded Bottomline: I am trying to prevent XSS via code obfuscation. Question: I already know that I have to use HtmlDecode anyway.Is there a way to decrypt and then Html decode such data in ASP.Net?
I am looking for a way to safely store personal information with low entropy safely. I have the following requirements for the data: Must be able to search (i.e. to look up an existing piece of data) but not view Other systems must be able to recover the real value The system must be reasonably well performant (option...
How can I be sure my ISP encrypts my account password? I found out accidentally that mine did not. I had called to report an interruption in service, and in the process of "troubleshooting", the tech read my password off to me!! What can I do about this?
Is there any case-law where having or not having a legal notice (example here) in the login banner of a system of nay kind made a difference in prosecution? The question is in consideration both of "hacking" - "you must not access without authorization" and privacy - "everything is monited, no privacy expectations".
I would like to know if there is a DLP system that can monitor phone conversation, in order to search for sensitive data leakage by the company users to external users. We know NSA does that :) Is there a software/appliance that can handle such for a financial company against data leaks over phone calls? Thanks,
My father in law just had a problem,He clicked on a link in an email (he was using gmail on the version 35.0.1916.114m of Chrome), and suddenly the computer sort of went black, and possibly something downloaded. He says he didn't input his password. Later on, a whole bunch of phishing emails got sent out to his address...
I do free/low-cost web/shell hosting as a non-profit organization (With a the same friend and co-founder) since 2007. We're on CentOS 6 + CPanel, and unfortunately we're still funding the organization from our own money. Since last year, we've noticed some strange subdomains, additional domains and parking domains crea...
According to the CJIS Security Policy - Access Enforcement The information system shall enforce assigned authorizations for controlling access to the system and contained information. The information system controls shall restrict access to privileged functions (deployed in hardware, software, and firmware) and...
Is being online all the time the root of all evil, when it comes down to private computer clients security? Would a not-always-connected-to-the-internet system, solve most of our problems? In a concrete situation, I'd have a net computer (maybe booting from a Live CD) and a work computer (without internet). Both syste...
I'm going to preface this by saying I have absolutely no clue when it comes to cryptography, but I'm posting this question because I'm very interested and I have no doubt there are some smart people on here who will be able to explain this to me like I'm 5. So to my understanding md5 is considered insecure because of h...
I am trying to look at traffic between my phone and the outside world, and for whatever reason I can't see the outside world's traffic coming in. I am running Wireshark on a Kali box, I turned on the monitor mode interface, and then setup Wireshark to capture. I can see the outgoing traffic just fine, but can't see th...
As a software company who is looking at writing something that could handle debit cards can I self certify my software or do I have to have it tested by a 3rd party company?
Snort, daq and WinPcap are installed. The rule files are located at a convenient place. How can I solve this problem? A clue is the ERROR line: Missing/incorrect dynamic engine lib specifier.
For debugging purposes, one might be asked to put the output of strace for some process online, i.e. attached to a bug report. Is this safe in general? Under what circumstances is this safe or unsafe, and how would I process a strace-logfile to make sure it is safe to put online? (I suppose it might depend on the appl...
Some of the old PHP string functions for example explode() are working with UTF-8 strings, but they don't work properly on malformed UTF-8 strings. Is this a security issue? Is it possible to avoid string validation with malformed UTF-8 strings somehow? It is hard to make a list of this functions. I think every core PH...
After watching videos and downloading just about every possible pen-testing tool out there to play around with and learn. How do you setup test beds and practice scenarios to crack? With RE people make crackme.exe files. I was curious do people have virtual machine templates and other setups created for download that y...
I have an ATT U-Verse Wireless router supplying 5 computers throughout my home. It is hardwired to my main computer. I have three children of all ages, one of which has had a tendency to make poor decisions on websites, email, and internet chatting. We have discussed the issue, but I am of the 'trust but verify' mind...
I've played around with metasploit simply as a hobby but am wondering if actual pentesters and/or hackers actually use metasploit to get into systems or do they write their own post exploitation modules or their own programs entirely? Reason I ask is because metasploit does not seem to be able to selectively clear win...
Github pages is now using github.io domain instead of github.com I've read github explanation but it's still difficult for me to understand the root cause. Why would a domain become a security issue?
A lot of articles underline that XSS vulnerabilities can be very dangerous for the website on which they exist. I wonder how much is this true when we find these XSS vulnerabilities on the frontend of a website, in fields such as the search forms?
I'm looking for hints to solve my problem. I would like to trace all devices that are in my surroundings. I know how do it when someone already access to my WiFi network, but I'm also interested to see all other devices. My idea is to trace mac address of all devices (associated and not associated to my AP). I assume t...
I was looking for a form on the US Department of Transportations website, and I came to a page that gave me an error, with a full debug report and stack trace. Hopefully, you can get the same result by going to the page as well: http://www.dot.gov/airconsumer/air-travel-complaint-comment-form If not, I've included two ...
While trying to understand some SNORT rule lines, I came across the following syntax that I could not figure. Could not find any description in the manual (though admittedly I've not read it all throughly yet). Two examples with the parts in question highlighted. From sid:17166 pcre:"/(?P<var>\w+)\x2Ereplace\x28\s*(...
I have recently been trying to get my company ip addresses scanned with Comodo HackerGuardian. My website needed some adjustments to ssl but after they were made it passed the scan. As we also have a machine accessing a Virtual Terminal at our office premises I then scanned our LAN ip, but as we have no open ports on o...
I knew about the Metasploit Framework for a few years, but I never really got into it. I have some knowledge when it comes to networks, but I am not a Pro. I've tested some things with Metasploit and I was curious about one thing. (please correct me if I'm wrong) Let's say that Microsoft is releasing a new version of...
Let's say I get a new computer that's never been connected to the internet before. The first time I connect it to the internet, is it susceptible to a mitm attack while downloading its public key certificates from a certificate authority? I assume that once the computer gets the certificate authority's public key certi...
SPOILER ALERT: This question contains an answer to one of the problems from the Google's XSS Challenge! Please stop reading further if you're not interested in knowing the answer right now. I'm able to get pass the level 4 of the challenge, however, I still don't know how exactly the exploit is working. The following ...
I am developing an iOS application and web page, both use same Parse backend. Web page contains some functionality that is not available in the iOS application. Therefore I would like to present the user an option to open home page from app. As user has already logged in before in the app I would like to skip the login...
As stated on their website: DVNC is not encryption but is a new branch of cryptography and information science. DVNC employs a new paradigm in secret keeping to keep your data secured. I understand it is used like traditional cryptography to protect a message from being understood by an attacker, even if it is in...
In attempts to setup our first instance of NDES/SCEP in the wild on Cisco routers we have run into a concern. Currently our organization has a three tier PKI. We have an AD CS server on the third tier running NDES. All aspects of the system are functioning, but through discussion and testing we have a concern. How do R...
I just received an email from a friend's email account that conforms with the standard hoax where the person says they are traveling, have been robbed, and need money to pay for the hotel bill to get their things released. I'm not sure that my friend would know yet as she is indeed traveling. Should I report this? To w...
I want to know if it is possible in Elliptic curve cryptography to have 2 parties holding a part of the private key. The idea is to encrypt (for DSA) data with the 2 sub keys without any of the party getting hold of the original private key. For example: Issue a private key Split somehow the private key into 2 sub pri...
I was browsing the web and suddenly I started seeing "Waiting for available sockets" error in Chrome with the page showing "Network Unavailable". I thought that was weird so I opened up Fiddler and saw these strange URLs. Is this something someone has already seen? Thanks.
With large computing power (like what you can get in the Amazon cloud for example) you can generate huge rainbow tables for passwords. There also seems to be some large rainbow tables reachable that you have to pay for. What are the largest tables that secret services could possibly use and what's the maximum character...
For a any processor of these or any other processor armeabi (v7-A, Cortex A8); 2012 TI Sitara XAM3359AZCZ100; 1 x 1000MHz armeabi (v7-A, Cortex A9); 2012 VIA WonderMedia 8850; 1 x 1200MHz amd64; IB+AES (306a9); 2012 Intel Core i5-3210M; 2 x 2500MHz How can I calculate the time needed for RSA verification ? in anothe...
I want to validate my SSL certificate each time I run API calls. I've been following this guide: http://artur.ejsmont.org/blog/content/how-to-properly-secure-remote-api-calls-from-php-application This is my code: $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://api-3t.sandbox.paypal.com/nvp"); curl_setopt($ch...
Convergence is a well-thought out system to replace certificate authorities built by Marlin Moxiespike back in 2011. Since it's debut, it seems to have largely stalled out, with no additional major notaries since the original pair and a total lack of adoption by the major browser vendors. The most critical piece of the...
AFAIK, our current disk encryption methods (dm-crypt) preserve the key (as well as decrypted data) in RAM while the computer is running with an implicit assumption that the memory is volatile and key will be lost along with decrypted data when computer is shut down. However, future advancements in technology may make v...
I am trying to understand certificate pinning. Google started adding a whitelist of CA certs that they use for their certificates and if a cert for a google service is issued outside of this list they deny it. That is straightforward. But say I have a web site https://www.example.com how do I use certificate pinning t...
I have two WebServices that are hosted by two different applications. Both Applications access each other's webservices: Now both WebServices have to authenticate with each other. Different solutions came to mind. Create a Authentification Server Each application has a config file: Put a generated key in there. W...
Let's say users can define content of the style attribute, but in a constrained way. They can't break out of its value, as white-listing parser will remove any unsafe attributes/tags produced this way. Can they do XSS using just the style attribute value in modern browsers? With 'modern' being IE10+ and newest versions...
When a system must go from a powered down state to a fully operational state without any human intervention it therefore needs access to usable authentication credentials unattended. The system must recover and boot automatically without human intervention so the credentials must be stored in a readable format on the f...
There are exerpts, that say that using https can be broken by the NSA by now. So is https still a solution for secure web-browsing? source: http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/nsa-has-cracked-the-encryption-protecting-your-bank-account-gmail-and-more/ Encryption techniques used by online banks, email providers, and many...
I want to capture all the traffic from an Android app for its pen-testing. How do I do that? Here's what I've already tried: I installed the app on an emulator and started the emulator with a http-proxy pointing to a local port. The local port had ZAP running on it. I'm able to intercept the traffic from the browser bu...
I've been studying about common injection related problems. Is it possible to embed some filtering mechanism to prevent injection client side? For example checking address bar URL for malicious added parameters, or checking user input forms on submission. I am not questioning whether this measure is 100% effective or n...
This question could be renamed "Would forbidding SQL comments inside transactions prevent some SQL injections?", but I'd like to know if some DBMS allow this first. The goal is to reduce the attack surface of legacy applications. I understand that all user input should be sanitized before being used in an SQL statement...
Is it possible to have a different passphrase for a GPG subkey? The reason is that I'm using duplicity to back up my files, and it needs the key passphrase to sign the files. Since I want run duplicity automatically, I would have to store the passphrase in an environment variable. I don't feel comfortable storing my m...
It is common advice to not open suspicious email in order to avoid being infected by malware contained in the email. What constitutes opening an email in Outlook? Specifically, is viewing an email in Outlook's Preview pane equivalent to opening an email? Can malware be activated by previewing email in Outlook's Preview...
I would like to keep a password matrix in an Evernote note. I would like to ask for feedback on the security of that storage.
I'm looking for a reliable solution to compare two strings without leaking their content through time differences. The length of the strings is not secret. The background is this: I'm implementing password-based authentication for a web application. The passwords are hashed with bcrypt and stored in a database. Rather ...
How do I have to use hydra on a web form? What I have done so far: I already successfully used hydra on a folder with an HTTP authentication: http://localhost/test/authtest/ with user admin and password 1234, I successfully found out the password with: hydra -l admin -x 1:5:1 -t 1 -f -vV 127.0.0.1 http-get /test/auth...
I was wondering how secure Touch ID/Keychain is really. My understanding is that iPhone 5S devices that use Touch ID allow you to enter a passcode if your fingerprint doesn't work, as a "fallback". Now, with iOS8, Touch ID is being offered to apps as a way for users to authenticate. But... it seems to me that this is ...
I have developed a REST/JSON API. The API exposes a lot of features. The API will be consumed by applications we design internally (mobile apps and web apps), by applications designed by our resellers and by applications designed by businesses. I am looking at securing the application by implementing authentication and...
(I'm not sure if this better belongs on unix.se or android.se, but since it's primarily security-related, I'm asking it here) I use my Android device to access servers for quick on-the-go administration. Before you ask, the device is encrypted with a fairly strong passphrase. I'm using the standard Terminal Emulator pr...
Recently the CCS Injection was discovered in OpenSSL (CVE-2014-0224) http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2014-0224. It allows man-in-the-middle attackers to consequently hijack sessions or obtain sensitive information. Is it critical? Is it required to immediate upgrade OpenSSL? How it is risky related to...
When I download PGP keys from keyservers like so: gpg --search-keys steve@openssl.org How are the public keys transferred down to my machine? Is there a possibility of a MITM attack to serve me the wrong key?
Is it a problem to have more than one account in an information system from security point of view? Let me clarify a bit. It is a bank system. I wonder if having a CSO (customer service officer) with more than one account associated with him/her (more than one login name and password for the same task) would result i...
Recently my debit card information went to another hand, and he/she started to using it until my bank reports that there is an overdraft. I use Ubuntu 14.04 machine. I am sure I am not a victim of phishing, or email-scam. But I sometime use debit card for online purchases. Moreover, after going through my account hist...
Preamble: Am in awe about the quality of both questions and answers on https / SSL on this site. My humble question below pales in comparison. Both on professional and amateur websites I've encountered the following phenomenon, when trying to contact - that is, write to - the website's owner: Rather than providing a s...
I have an instance in Amazon EC2 and need to be HIPAA compliant. I have two questions, Should I need to do a block level encryption of the database storage. Should I need to encrypt sensitive data before storing in the database.
I understand that the shared users on a wifi can see each other's HTTP traffic using proper tools. Is it possible for shared users to read HTTPS traffic or encrypted traffic like TOR ?
I need to encrypt a partition, truecrypt could use keyfiles, (images and other) Is there any other encryption tool with GUI which can encrypt entire partitions and not only files/folders?
I have read some questions and answers about uploading images specifically: Have I done enough not be compromised through image uploading Risks of a PHP image upload form Uploading images safe of XSS, php code and virus Antivirus for scanning anonymous file uploads Use PHP to check uploaded image file for malware? So I...
Lowercase-only passwords are convenient for phones since we dont hit shift or go to characters page(each which is as much effort as hitting a character in my Android devices). But how long would a lowercase-only password have to be to match a 10-character all-chars password?
Creating an X.509 certificate with a valid signature with OpenSSL is pretty well documented all over the Internet. There are instructions on creating certificates that are signed by themselves and certificates that are signed by a certificate authority (CA). But how does one create a certificate with an invalid signatu...
I've been investigating to deploy a honeypot for research purpose, Honeyd seems like the most popular and adequate option to my needs, but it seems too old, the last version of this software was launched almost seven years ago (2007) and makes me think if it's still a good honeypot solution. I would like to know if the...
Thinking about software security metrics currently I've thought about the following software security metrics: number/type of CWE detected by developers (bug reporting) number/type of CWE detected by static analysis number/type of warning at compile time (i.e: from stack protector / fortify source ) number/type of (p...
I know that in local PGP keyrings, there's an idea of trust: I trust this key ultimately, this key less than that, etc. Is this web-of-trust exportable? For example, if I trust someone@openssl.org and they trust someoneelse@openssl.org, can I import their web of trust?
Let's say someone rooted a site, is it possible for the attacker to do XSS via document.cookie? Instead of giving the user a name=value, the attacker does something like this name=<script>document.alert(1)</script> and it will store this in users browser as a cookie when he visits site it will execute. Is this possible...
What does the pgp public key length depend on? Does a long private key result in a long public key? The longer public key the better; or is it even the private key the crucial factor?
I use VPN quite often in public places where I don't want anyone to read my web traffic. However, some public places have firewalls that block ports required to establish a VPN connection (I usually use PPTP). I don't think some public places (especially my school) really distinguish between a VPN connection and HTTP(S...
I'm looking at encrypting a small (500bytes) file using the TPM. This is either doing assymetric encryption with the TPM directly, or using the TPM to store a symmetric key for decryption. This needs to work on Windows (7). I'm assuming I can do this with tbsip_Submit_Command through The TBS/WIn32_TBS, but haven't real...
There is a corporate web mail site (PHP + MySQL) for limited numbers of users who are employees of a company working remotely with the corporate web portal. Each user has a login and password. I'm thinking about replacing usual text passwords with a key file, i.e. user choose any file to be the key at his first logon,...
There are many situations where the validity of the timestamp attached to a certain post (submission of information) might be invaluable for the post owner's legal usage. I'm not looking for a service to achieve this, as requested in this great question, but rather a method for the achievement of such a service. For th...
Is it illegal to publish an exploit against a known vulnerability in US? The exploit could be published in one's blog or places like exploit-DB. It seems that in countries like Germany and France such activities are not allowed.
SPOILER ALERT : Do not continue if you do not want to be spoiled I am currently doing the Google XSS Challenge Level 2 . I am injecting XSS code that is inserted into the document using element.innerHTML. I don't understand why <script>alert("Foobar")</script> does not work but <img src="/" onerror = "alert(1);" works...
I think I'm too close to the problem here and I just looking for a sanity check. My product blocks files from being stolen by restricting what programs can access what 'type' of the data. (e.g. Excel can read xls(x), Word can read doc(x), etc.). Basically a 'Content Based White List'. It seems that my ‘would be’ com...
[1] The command prompt also sometimes opens itself and then stays open until I close it. I have run MalwareBytes and SuperAntiSpyware and they find nothing. This is my hijack this log file. I don't get any X's when I run the hijackthis analyzer on it. http://textuploader.com/kavk
When we use Tor or https traffic , the encryption- decryption key has to be exchanged between the browser and the website server. Why somebody who can capture entire traffic , say ISP or somebody who controls the wifi router, cannot capture the key and hence read the actual content of the encrypted traffic ?

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