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I was wondering ... when I upload a file to, say, Dropbox, does anybody personally check it to see what it is? Say I upload a copy of my Blu-ray movie to cloud storage ... will anyone check, and could they possibly tell law enforcement that I uploaded a digital copy online? Or is it all 100% automated, and nobody actua...
Hear me out ... On TV shows like Criminal Minds they make it out to appear that any encrypted files can be easily decrypted, even without a key. The character, Garcia, just simply "pushes some buttons" and the file becomes decrypted almost instantly, even without any key, etc. I know that the show is not a good example...
I'm in a situation where I need to calculate a hash of the result of the password in plain text plus some random chars representing a session. The gained hash will be compared to another hash that is received by the opponent. The problem is, that I only get the full hash from the opponent which can only be regenerated ...
I'm kind of tired of the password managers that are available around... I need one that's open source, that works on OSX, that lets me store .pem files and that I can trust. As I haven't found one, I thought it could be an interesting project for me to work on. I'm going to use AngularJS just b/c it's a technology that...
I'm building a backend for the mobile app with a public-facing HTTP API endpoint. Despite being publicly visible, this endpoint is only meant to be used by my app, i.e. I don't want people to send random requests to it using wget or anything similar. My idea was to configure a SSL/TLS on my server, thus making the API ...
Imagine alice posts her public PGP key on her website and bob encrypts a widget with that public key then sends it to alice over Tor. If alice's key is widely and publically available and an attacker were to keep a map of key => identity, wouldn't the attacker, if operating your entrance node, be able to correlate the ...
I have seen that x.x.x.255 is reserved for broadcasting. Is it only work for broadcasting to the computer which connected to the same router? Can I broadcast to public IPs?
I have some questions about how the fingerprint function is performed. First of all, I have some knowledge about cryptography. However it seems to do not be good enough to understand hundreds of pages with vague or incomplete information. Questions: I am trying to know how to compare the fingerprint appeared when the...
Ten years ago, we opened our building's front door with a badge. Five years ago we paid public transports with an RFID card. Today we pay for our bread with the same system and tomorrow we would probably be able to authenticate ourselves with something similar. Basically, an NFC tag is only a physical support, just as ...
Specifically talking about walkie talkie radio networks. Suppose there is a group of up to 16 persons, each equipped with such a unit. Typically, one person will be talking with one another (one-to-one), or one person will be broadcasting to all the others members (one-to-all). The goal is to secure and authenticate al...
I am reading "Hacking The Art of Exploitation" book . i have read till chapter 2 programming but most of it has gone above my head . I want to learn basically cryptography , network security and web security . Which book should i read or should i just skip the first four chapters and go to the chapter 4 network securit...
How would I report an international security vulnerability which could cause a lot of damage? I am asking how & where I would report this vulnerability, not now to create a simple vulnerability. :)) so & I am trying to trade it to free someone.
I have software installed on my computer that has encryption capabilities. This is the case both for things like VPN/SSL, and also GPG. I don't really use GPG (there are not that many people I can use it with), but I have it in case I want to send sensitive information of one kind or another. I know that the US has exp...
I'm working on a security project. I have sensitive data that I would like to store in OS X's keychain. I'm able to add the data programmatically into the OS X keychain by using RHKeychain. But after doing a lot of research, it appears that OS X keychain data can also be accessible (1, 2, …) by malware. Is OS X keycha...
I want to invoke a custom assembly that uses protected services (like DirectoryServices, etc...) with reporting Services. On the web, I see a recurring example of configuration (inspired by this article) to do just that. Here it is <CodeGroup class="UnionCodeGroup" version="1" Name="SecurityExtensionCodeGro...
Is there any way to implement encryption/decryption using ECC, like RSA does? For example, say some user wants to send a message containing a symmetric key to user X. Then, in RSA, I could just encrypt the symmetric key using X's public key, and only X can decrypt using his private key. In my particular application,...
Rebooted my rMBP late 2013 recently, and saw a set of SSL errors (unable to verify certificate) across a wide range of sites (google, gmail, mubi, medium) and also in the Calendar app as it tried to connect to Google. Never seen this kind of thing before -- any reason for concern?
I understand that copyright holders can identify illegal filesharing over BitTorrent by simply taking part in the sharing process and noting IPs of peers. But how do they detect illegal downloads from file hosters?
Someone can suggest me a real situation in which is better to use MAC (Mandatory Access Control) instead of DAC (Discretionary Access Control) or RBAC (Role Based Access Control)? And in which DAC is better than the others? And in which RBAC is the best? I know the theoretical notions, and I know that RBAC is better in...
I recently hacked into my router which runs BusyBox v1.9.1. I want to edit some files in my web GUI interface which will allow me to get hidden options in it. I'm trying to edit a .js file and replace it via FileZilla (I also hacked FTP through setting the default router directory as ../..), and when I upload the file ...
Suppose I do an online shopping they are asking me to enter my card details like four digit number(whatever related to that) and they are asking me to enter the PIN number too. If I enter all this things, Can't they get all keystroke from me through Javascript and crack my passwords, card details etc ? I surfed for saf...
I'm trying to decrypt my router's root password, since I only have access to a simple admin account that doesn't have root privileges. Here is the passwd file: 0:F.bCrWv/Oxp6.:0:0:root:/home:/bin/sh nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin derp:heooPbcMgdldo:0:0:ftp user:/mnt:/bin/sh I only want the identification of the...
Similar to a default password list for network appliances, it's conceivable that application layer passwords are default from training materials given to a developer. In fact, I have discovered applications that have an authentication system largely unchanged from the corresponding SDK. Is there a repository of usernam...
In my page admins-only section is very responsive, so I have to use both server and client side templating. Obviously server side templates are stored outside of web-root and routing takes care of loading them. However now I need to GET a bunch of templates for javscript part. One approach is to put client side templa...
Setup PC running Wireshark, connected to the network wireless (if OS variation is an issue, use Wireshark on Linux). Another device connected, wireless, to the same LAN. Wireless network uses WPA2 encryption Question Using Wireshark on my PC, how do I capture ALL packets, sent and received, by the other device on th...
I need to design a self service portal for renewing, revoking, and unrevoking a certificate and have come up with the following rules*: Renewal Certificates have a short term validity and need to renewed quickly, so most renewals will be automatically approved. Zero knowledge proof is sufficient for the CA to issue a...
Boxcryptor https://www.boxcryptor.com is not Open Source. Can I trust this? Is it secure? No government backdoor? Because there is no alternative for OS X and iOS.
I have a website that has an smtp server open on port 25. There is no outbound functionality on the smtp server. We just parse attachments from our users, then 'queue' the email in a dummy queue. So essentially we drop the email after parsing it. I've been noticing some weird traffic in the logs lately. Basically, I'm ...
I have used Burp Suite Penetration testing tool in my computer to intercept requests.Assume that I am using Smart Phone. So Is it possible to intercept my smart phone requests into my computer?
Egor Homakov made a nice writeup (Cookie Bomb or let's break the Internet) on how to crash CDNs and other websites with cookies. Although this is a user/browser-side DOS, I'm wondering how one would stop this on the server-side.
Is there any way other than Meterpreter to pivot into the network? If yes, then please guide. I already know about Meterpreter, just want to know manual methods other than this.
I encountered a data storage service with rather weird access policies. There're "folders" with "files" and each "folder" can have either of the following permissions: anyone in the world can enumerate and read the files anyone in the world can read the files (knowing their names in advance or guessing the names) a va...
Truth or bald-faced lie: the cheap $50 router you can pick up at your local electronics store for your home broadband Internet connection is actually a pretty effective firewall. Why or why not? How does Network Address Translation (NAT) increase firewall effectiveness?
Given a specific SSL/TLS connection, I would like to know what is the proper way to launch a parameter renegotiation, asked from client side. Are they any requirements from the previous handshake in the parameters established? What is the exact structure of the first message sent by the client asking for the renegoti...
Let's take a chat system, where any user can create a channel with a password protection. Thus, other users may only join using the channel password. This password is therefore known to every person inside the channel. Should this password be hashed in the database? This would mean that the application is not able to s...
When I try to visit some websites with HTTPS , I get the error that the SSL is self-signed and that the SSL is only valid for another domain, and that SSL is actually invalid. If the SSL is valid only for other domains(Error code: ssl_error_bad_cert_domain) what should I do? Stay to Http or go Https. Also can you expla...
Just trying to get some general sense about the security on internet now-a-days. There are so many websites I go and comment on different things. If some comments are political and they don't like, I am afraid, they will trace me back. So just wanted to know few basic things Is it possible for any website (example-www...
If you use a client like mutt to access your mail, you probably know that it doesn't support 2-factor authentication. It still prompts only for a password - either your account password or, in the case of Gmail, possibly your application-specific Gmail password. My concern is that attackers can work around Gmail's 2-fa...
What are the operations made by malware to hook the auto start extensibility points in order to be able to run at the startup of the computer that runs Windows operation system ?
I've been a developer for quite some time, and as part of my on-going learning process I've learnt how to spot and remedy broken (and insecure) code written by others. Recently, I've found myself digging through random projects, and noteing down security issues that I've spotted, ranging from XSS, to SQLI, insecure up-...
Preferably with a vanilla Linux kernel i.e. not using SELinux or grsecurity? Lately there has been a case of in-the-wild UNIX server malware: https://www.virusbtn.com/virusbulletin/archive/2014/07/vb201407-Mayhem that takes advantage of LD_PRELOAD to implement a hidden userspace trojan. I'm thinking it would be good to...
I am looking for some opinions on using free AV for meet PCI requirement 5. The way I read this for version 2.0 is that it's entirely possible for a client to meet their AV needs with the modern free versions. With the expansions 3.0 it appears that sites will need a full blown AV product unless there is a product out ...
I am writing a User Management system that has to include a change of password utility. We don't front end hash passwords (hopefully we will soon). As a result passwords are passed over https in the clear whenever a user is edited or his password is changed. Is there any difference in using "PUT" vs. "POST" requests in...
You could imagine a web app that serves subtly different versions of a page to each user. For example, it might encode the identity of the user in the images it serves. This would be a per-user watermark. On a private site, the consequence would be that if any image were leaked, it would be possible to identify the lea...
I know that AES-GCM mode does not need padding, and its output are exactly the length of input data plus the tagging. But I am a little bit lost, as AES itself is block cipher, it could only operate on input of multiple of its block size, than when the input is not exactly multiple of its block size, what kind of data ...
Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) is one of the newest encryption schemes to challenge RSA cryptography. What problem does ECC seek to fix compared to RSA? Would you have any qualms with using ECC to encrypt sensitive material?
I'm writing a small protocol that relies on a DH handshake, generation of a shared secret, and subsequent AES encryption/decryption using that generated secret. I want to add a built-in test message after the handshake to ensure both clients are able to communicate properly (in addition to a CRC). Is building a small "...
I don't have the ability to determine/recover the master password for a production system that uses zip 2 archives. However, I need to be able to add new files to existing encrypted archives. There are various tools out there that can 'break' the zip 2.0 encryption with a known-plaintext attack, which allows recovery o...
For the second time in 8 weeks, one of my American Express (AMEX) card numbers was stolen. I do use the card online, but only at reputable (and SSL/TLS enabled sites). I use it in the real world, too, although nowhere shady. While AMEX's fraud prevention is good and they detected the attempted fraudulent usage, it's...
A company whose services I'm trying to integrate uses this protocol: An AES key is embedded in an Android library. To authenticate itself, the library sends a SHA1 hash of the key over plain HTTP. The response contains an RSA public key encrypted using the same AES key. A temporary AES key is generated on the client. ...
We run scraping jobs on behalf of users. We use webkit-gtk as browser to do the scraping. Each job is executed as a separate process So as not to mix user data we have isolated following data per user. Cookies Flash cookies Cache files HTML 5 storage Do I need to worry about any other types of files that normal brows...
As a part of work, I've come across content sniffing, and i understand web apps can be vulnerable to xss because of it. There is another post, regarding content sniffing and xss, but didnt quite answer my question, or maybe i just misread it. content sniffing will read the file to try and determine what type of file it...
I find it hard to believe that the majority of Windows system files aren't signed. I don't know whether my disbelief comes from naivety, or because Windows is used within secure environments worldwide and thus one would expect a certain level of care. (Does signing files show care? Probably not.) But I imagine this lac...
I want to design and implement an epayments system (I will not be handling credit card payments). The system will have a RESTful API. I am already familiar with RESTful servies, and have built a few in my time. However, this time round, security is of paramount importance and I want a system that is as robust against e...
We have application which will be in iframe. Partner sites can use our application - put iframe in their sites. Partner site has users with money, who will use our application in iframe to buy items. Iframe needs communicate with partner site. For example user buys item. Our app creates a record about sold item in dat...
Firstly, I welcome a better title for this question. I admit I'm a security novice. I'm trying to determine whether I have malware and what that malware may be doing. Using Wireshark, I see several suspicious streams, including addresses ending in .ln and .ch that send all data encrypted. When I run whois it always tim...
I've been tasked with writing a module for my company to interface with an external API. This API has a syntax similar to SSH where I have to incorporate the user details as well as the host address of the server I'm trying to connect to. However, I run into the security issue that in order to pass the user details,...
I've been trying to determine if there is malware on my OS X 10.9.3 Mac, that is could be doing keylogging or other forms of non-destructive intrusion. Given the (not technically based) suspicion I have that my machine was compromised and that the compromise may have survived a complete HD wipe and OS reinstall, I'm w...
Is it true that when I connect to a site over HTTPS , my mobile service provider or the ISP gets to snoop in the communication? Can they play MITM?
I got free certificate from Comodo and installed on my Windows. Now I'm trying to sign PDF document using this certificate, but get message: "signature validity is unknown": Why is this? How I can validate my signature? PS. Adove Reader XI Version 11.0.07
On the etterfilter(8) man page, there is a section about the inject() function, which takes the contents of a file and injects it in a packet, or as its own packet when coupled with drop(): inject(what) this function injects the content of the file 'what' after the packet being processed. It always injects in DATA.d...
I have a fixed line broadband connection at home. This morning when I tried accessing Google or Facebook through my browser (Google Chrome) I got a webpage asking me to update my flash player. I found this to be a little suspicious since I had accessed Facebook just a little while earlier from the same machine on a dif...
Following worked on Ubuntu 12.04 using chromium and firefox browsers. I ran following command on terminal for both firefox and chromium browser HOME=/tmp/tmpdir firefox Both browsers promptly created new directories in the given location where tracking cookies and cache files were installed. Even flash cookies were cr...
As I understand it, DANE (RFC 6698) is a promising candidate for addressing issues with current TLS Trust Anchors (i.e. Trust Anchors). My attempt at explaining the issue: Currently, CAs are universal trust anchors and, as a result, are permitted to issue certificates for any site, regardless of TLD or prior existence ...
Is it possible to identify the algorithm used for the stream cipher based upon analysis of an encrypted stream?
I've heard of tools that could be used to graph entropy of a file. Is there a graphical Linux program that I could use for this job that would let me conveniently explore which blocks of a file have certain entropy patterns that could suggest compressed or encrypted data?
If I travel abroad and am concerned that when I land in the foreign country they may try to install a digital keylogger, does this work as a potential solution: If I sign my entire computer's hard disk using for example Keybase's code signing mechanism for directories (I know there are lots of issues here, just bear wi...
I'm developing a RESTful API using MongoDB as the backend. The easiest thing to do programmatically would be to simply use MongoDB's _id field in the URI, such as: https://api.example.com/collection/507c7f79bcf86cd7994f6c0e I know that the ObjectID is based in part on the creation timestamp. Is there anything else an a...
Regarding this: http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2014/07/21/exploit-dealer-snowdens-favourite-os-tails-has-zero-day-vulnerabilities-lurking-inside/ Apparently, even the version of Tails released yesterday contains critical 0day vulnerabilities potentially compromising anyone's anonymity, which are sold by Exo...
Let's say that I sign someone's key and then later decide that was a bad idea - either it was a bad idea at all, or I should have signed it with a different level of trust. Is it possible, both in a theoretical and also in a practical way, to "un-sign" someone else's key?
I have a website and it has an audio player to play music files. The music files are hosted in a public directory. Since they are there anyome can point there and use the files on their website. Is there a way to only allow my webpages to use the audio tracks?
I have a small website on which users can upload several types of files: images, zip files ... (except .exe files). Suppose a user uploads via the front end interface of my website a picture which is infected: will this picture be hosted without a problem on mywebsite or are they antiviruses/scanners hosted on the ser...
I would like to block websites like Facebook, YouTube and other social sites as part of my job and would need your advice on how to manage that. There are about 120 PCs in the building. Is something like that possible? Can it be done with the host file, or is there other way?
i am trying to login to my yahoo mail, but no avail. i recently discovered after monitoring some traffic that the dumb yahoo server doesn't send a close_notify response but just acts ignorantly and closes the ssl session. i know if i do this i may be vulnerable to truncation attacks, but i will disable it as soon as i ...
I have an android app that connects to a server through HTTP (notice the abscence of S, also android means Java, so nothing I'll hardcode in my app will be unreachable). I want to store the password securely on my DB, so I wanted to use bcrypt (with password and salt) My issue is the following : since I'm on HTTP, I do...
Recently I got a CAcert Assurance and discovered that I can get my PGP key signed by CAcert key. After I got their signature, CAcert website suggested that I sign their key, too. Question: CAcert status aside, what are the pros and cons of blindly signing an arbitrary key?
is Pentesting now just about running tools like Nessus and creating a report based on it ? and not actually exploiting anything on your own based on the Agreement ?
I am trying to find out why this process appeared during 2 boot occasions. Autoruns does not show it anywhere. It appeared when I uninstalled google chrome and malwarebytes. The prefetch file for makecab.exe (makecab is an official microsoft process) showed it was created yesterday, and modified today (it ran once toda...
I would like to get the browsing history of a computer in my network (without running that web browser), is it possible?
In any major server-side web framework, there is usually a mechanism to read HTML form input, e.g. in ASP, for an HTML element, <input type="text" name="the_field" />, it is Request.Form("the_field"), where Request.Form is a dictionary-type object where the values are parsed from the POST data into key/value pairs. Th...
I use pass to manage my passwords and sync this manually to a private git repo in the cloud. I believe this is safe because the repo is not public and, more importantly, the data is GPG encrypted. Am I at risk doing this?
Lets assume I want to give my hypothetic 10mio users userbase a good feedback on their password strength. Besides the classical entropy tests and top500 list of bad passwords, I might want it to be based on "there are already more than N users with the same password" (for N maybe 100). So aside of the state-of-the-art ...
Starting around 3 weeks ago, my site started getting a lot of strange and recurring http requests from my users. I'm familiar with malicious scans which happen on a daily basis, but these requests seems to be different, and I believe its some browser, extension or javascript malfunction somewhere, rather than anything...
I am from Australia and I use a iPhone 4. Today, a young guy asked to borrow my phone, since he was out of credit and since I was trying to be a good samaritan, let him borrow my phone (also we were at a well surveillance area). He told me that he was meeting his friend and he just arrived. Did not think much of it at ...
Looking for any open and dynamic list(blacklist) of adult,dangerous,+18,sucide,drugs etc web resources to filter it in intranet for children security in internet
In Chrome, every tab is its own process. Yet, logging in to a site, say, Facebook, persists across tabs. For that matter, in many cases, it persists across OS reboots. This seems inherently very very insecure, but I'm just wondering, how is Chrome implementing this? The reboot thing in particular means it is storing so...
I first tried to log in this morning and our password was changed on our ubuntu server. I contacted our server support and they told me that I had just been fat fingering the password. I thought it was fishy, I am not the type of person to mistype a password and blame the IT guy. I looked at the history file and sure ...
A paper on web tracking mechanisms identifies the web-tracking company AddThis as a major user of canvas fingerprinting. Are IE:s Tracking Protection, provided Tracking Protection Lists including AddThis entries, able to prevent user identification by AddThis using canvas fingerprinting?
Is there any difference between the technique or algorithm used from Nmap to guess the OS between the option -A and -O? If not, why -O option requires root privileges but -A that it is doing at least the same (and even more) does not require special privileges?
I'm wondering how large companies with tens / hundred of applications are handling access-rights for their users. From what I've seen, it's a nightmare that never ends, and it requires full-time resources for a poor result. I'm not looking for specific examples of IAM solutions, but more generally, what are the differe...
I have a lot of experience with software as a developer, and am trying to move from newbie to more informed about present-day security. Everything I uncover makes me feel that personal computers have become horribly horribly insecure, while most consumers (like me) have grown complacent because the old days of constant...
I have used LOIC (Low Orbit Ion Cannon) earlier . Today i was reading on wikipedia that there are many types of dos attacks , namely SYN attacks , HTTP flooding ,UDP flooding ,etc and two questions striked my mind . 1)I want to know which type of attack can LOIC do ? 2)Can anyone list the examples of dos attacks in dif...
I'm working on an app that is planned to be licensed to OEMs, who would in turn offer it as a service to their users.  We would host the app server and the OEM would optionally host the app's web client.  Because of this we want the option for OEMs to allow users to authenticate through the OEM, using their existing cr...
SSL certificates, generally speaking, use a "chain of trust" model - a trusted certificate authority (CA) gets proof that a company such as Amazon owns amazon.com and issues an SSL certificate. However, certs can be expensive - and it doesn't make sense to spend that kind of money for example on a personal website. But...
In addition to the fact that encryption systems like PGP are notoriously difficult to use, and that encryption doesn't always jive with cloud-based services like webmail, the fact is that most people don't believe that they have secrets that they want to keep from others, or from the government, which would make encryp...
In Europe most cards use a chip+pin system to secure the card information. You put the card in te machine and enter a PIN number to decrypt the card information which is stored on the chip. Theoretically this is more secure as the credit card number alone is not enough to make transactions: you still need the PIN. How...
I have recently gotten a prompt from my anti virus stating that there was an intrusion with an OS attack as describe in the link below: http://www.symantec.com/security_response/attacksignatures/detail.jsp?asid=20443 It seems that it isn't the first time occurring and it happens sometimes when I use my mobile 3G stick ...
I have a file that's nearly 200Mb. It was reportedly packed/encrypted with Kruptos 2. But it has a .~enc extension. The header of the file is pure gibberish. Running file says it's data running mimetype says it's an application/octet-stream. The only thing that looks like a way to identify the file is at the end o...
I'm considering the possibility of running an Open Server, as I would call it, that is, a server where as much of its contents are publicly visible as possible. I would like to give read access to everyone for as much content as possible. I'm wondering what content on a linux server, such as an Ubuntu one, with the typ...
Why don't the commands gpg2 --armor --sign file.txt and gpg2 --clearsign file.txt have the same output? Also when I use just --sign I get a bunch of binary gibberish surrounding the message in plaintext, however using the options --armor --sign spits out ASCII text with no plaintext message. What's going in the backg...