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I want to know how browsers detect phishing pages.And also what methodology browsers use to detect phishing pages?
I have below snapshot of log generated by auditd when I tried to delete a user. It doesn't have hostname and addr in the logs: type=DEL_USER msg=audit(1404811391.243:4407153): user pid=5772 uid=0 auid=513 ses=185589 msg='op=deleting user entries id=532 exe="/usr/sbin/userdel" hostname=? addr=? terminal=pts/1 res=succe...
Consider this scenario Step 1: App asks user to "Sign In" using Google or Facebook. Step 2: Once authenticated, app sends user's Id (from Google/Facebook) to My App Server requested to app specific data Question Since the authentication is purely happening at the client level(iOS/ Android), there is no way for my...
I set up my certificate for my mail server at https://mail.xxxx.com/ I exported my certificate as described in my mail servers documentation and pointed to it in the server settings. The certificate seems to validate 100% on all tests, even the issuer verified that all is well. However my mail clients like outlook and...
I need to do some testing on boxed devices, incidentally having Bluetooth interface. I am quite sure that there are problems in the implementation, at least there must be given how the architecture has been developed. My question is: where can I find some theory on Bluetooth attacks? I am not happy only with BlueSnarf...
Since years ago, miscreants use JavaScript to craft web malware attacks such as drive-by download attack that is used for example to install the famous CoolWebSearch virus. There are static methods that analyze the text of web pages and teach a learning machine to inform a classifier how to detect web malware based on ...
I have recently started work in application security at a mid-sized firm, having transitioned away from 5+ years in security consulting (pentesting, etc). One of the biggest challenges I see here from the start are that security scanners and other tools use root/Administrator access, since that is what vendors had told...
Say you have an ASP.NET page that lists the prices for certain items in labels. I know it's cringe-worthy, but say you took the price of the item from the label on the page to determine what the user is charged for their order. Does ASP.NET guarantee in any way that the text in those labels has not been tampered with?
I want to know if a firewall is considered an access control list (ACL). I know there are other types of ACLs, but am specifically interested in knowing if a firewall is an ACL. Edit: It appears from the answer below that the firewall itself is not an ACL, but are the rules for the firewall considered an ACL?
I was reading through RFC 5280, PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile, Section 4.2.1.6, Subject Alternative Name: The subject alternative name extension allows identities to be bound to the subject of the certificate. These identities may be included in addition to or in place of the identity in the subject field of the c...
Is it possible to unencrypted export a folder in KeepassX? I would like to share a part of my KeepassX database with a collegue but I have all of the needed passwords in separate entries in KeepassX
Is there a way to store a file on a disk as a user so that even the root user has no access to it? I tried EncFS but that is no solution because the root user can switch to every user, so he/she can read the encrypted files too. How can I store a file on the server so no-one can read it but me? Maybe somehow store it s...
I currently offer email subscriptions on my blog, something I coded myself in PHP. People sign up on the blog using their email address. I send them an email with a link to verify their email address and once verified, they get an email whenever a new post is published. I only publish about 4 or 5 posts in a month and ...
Since I am new to encryption and have recently been losing stuff, I decided to start a file that contains some passwords for online accounts and whatnot, encrypt it, back it up (and keep a single copy on Google Drive....cloud storage seems insecure to me.) I was wondering about using GPG though. Is the default algorith...
am using apache 2.4.9 latest with windows 7 i am using some modules like limitipconn_module security2_module but using wireshark i get unlimited request to busy my webserver (DOS) from some ip address i have deny them and their ip ranges basicly on isp hostname but using proxies would be a new problem and i can not d...
From my iptables log, I can observe a particular remote IP address trying to connect to my server from port 80 to a private port number: Jul 09 01:24:41 example.com kernel: IPTABLES: IN=eth1 MAC=xx:xx:xx SRC=abc.a.b.c DST=xyz.x.y.z LEN=44 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=16405 PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=61412 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x...
Click farms can be hired to boost ad revenue. http://www.security-faqs.com/what-is-a-click-farm.html The click farm is made up of armies of low paid workers who’s job is to click on links, surf around the target website for a period of time, perhaps signing up for newsletters and then to moving on to another link. It ...
We modified our Session handling from cookie based to URL Rewriting. By doing this the session id gets transmitted as part of the URL. Now there is a vulnerability issue, where whoever uses this URL will be able to log in into the system. To resolve this issue we have done the following A HTTP Session Listener has be...
I am making a web application in Django which generates and includes CSRF tokens for sessions (a Django session can be anonymous or a registered user). Should I keep CSRF protection to the controllers handling login and logout action?
I want to buy a Windows Phone 8 and a Blackberry (BB) device for practicing penetration testing of mobile applications (of course, Windows and BB apps). I am asking for appropriate devices. I don't want alternative of emulators please I have tried emulators concept but it does not suit well as is the case with Androi...
A Paloalto firewall(PA-2050,POS 4.1x) was capable of recognizing the websites which users are visiting(thru http/https) then flag them with a App-ID and apply application control on the traffic, for instance blocking all webmail/file sharing/social media... etc. But PA-2050 can only recognize those traffic visiting web...
First time doing a secure login from a mobile app to a server (built in java). I want to understand if I got this right. Login in for the first time: 1. On the mobile device hardcode a security phrase (ex: "superSecurePhrase@@!!". 2. Take in a username and password. 3. Use base64 to encode username+phrase and password+...
I am using few secret keys to encrypt sensible date. What is the best way/place to protect the keys ? In a file located on my server ? Within the SGBG databse itself ? Or ... ?
Say I have a QR-code on my laptop screen that I need to scan with my mobile device. Is there anything that can be done to make the on-screen code harder to scan from a distance? I am thinking for colors, contrast, movement, etc. At what point would the legit device have trouble scanning a, for example, moving QR code? ...
My boss recently implemented a new security system related to PGP/GPG. The whole idea behind this is to sign files so that people know from who they came. They don't require us to encrypt them, just verify their authenticity. The problem is that wrapping my head around such new and complicated concepts is getting ha...
I have a web application I am doing a security assessment on and it uses captcha for both the login and for certain operations inside the app. The interesting thing is that this particular app displays the text of the captcha right under it (users complained, so...), so it would be feasible to rig something up to read...
My understanding is that miners solve complex algorithms (sha256 i believe) and receive bitcoins. With the amount of hash power all these pools get from miners couldn't they use the resources to decrypt a bunch of encrypted information?
I want to learn sql injection, xss and other web attacks. I am new to all this, just a beginner. I want to know which software to use. Can I use Windows for these attacks and which software do I use? I came to know about some software like Nessus and Burp suite.
guys I am using Tor browser from some time, few weeks maybe and I am still trying to determine the level of anonymity that the browser gives. I am using the browser to advertise a service that I am offering in social networks. I create the accounts using outlook.com e-mail and since I am using Windows OS, I was wonderi...
So that: Only process owners, and root, can access information about their processes, Or, at the very least, cmdline permissions are only readable by root, and My system (CentOS 6.x) still runs Why do I care? I was just talking to a few developers who I think of as knowledgeable people, and only one out of the three ...
I have seen increased 'HEAD' requests in my webserver access.log. What are these requests for? Should I disable this method in my webserver configs?
I'm not at this point yet, thankfully, but being prepared means knowing the answer before the issue arises, so here goes... You're looking through your firewall / website logs... And you notice a large number of requests. Someone appears to have portscanned you, or run sqlmap or DirBuster, Nessus, metasploit or whateve...
Yes. Of course using https everywhere is best. But sometimes that's not an option. In those cases, I'd like to make an informed decision. Is there any information about their prevalence? Or would that all be hidden anyway so no one knows? Does it depend on the site visited? To be clear: I'm not referring to an attack o...
If I am trying to destroy a single file, what is the best method? shred -uvz -n500 file dd if=/dev/null of=file dd if=/dev/zero of=file I hexdumped a file that was in the middle of shredding, and it was appropriately mangled with what shred said it was writing, but is it secure? For the sake of this experiment, let's a...
I have recently been reading about the DRM measures on commercial bluray disks, in particular BD+. It seems that this technology involves Java software running in a virtual machine, with full access to physical hardware and the ability to run native code. This appears to be the case for standalone bluray players, but w...
I want to make my email address available on my website and I was wondering if there was any point in using the "(at) (dot)" convention these days. If I was writing a script to trawl for email addresses it would definite contain a match criterion for this. Similarly, for the same reasons it seems unlikely that using th...
I was stumbling around and happened onto this essay by Bruce Schneier claiming that the XKCD password scheme was effectively dead. Modern password crackers combine different words from their dictionaries: [...] This is why the oft-cited XKCD scheme for generating passwords -- string together individual words like "cor...
There are some people saying that people should use an antivirus software on Mac. And there are thousands of people claiming that Macs don't get viruses (under this term I mean spyware / malware as well), some even say that it's just a trick from antivirus companies to say that there is a need for antivirus. Honestly,...
I wonder what are the main registry windows keys malware target often ? I would love to code a program that will check the state of those windows registry keys for eventual modifications by malware.
A few days ago I was searching YouTube and I noticed an "outlier" video poped up in the suggestions list. This video had nothing to do with the topic being searched, but instead it was based on a previous search that was requested from this same computer two weeks ago. This was impressive considering the situation dif...
On Windows (XP, 7, 8, NT ...): can .dll files be modified (in any manner) by benign programs/software already installed/running on the computer ?
I want to built some short urls for uploaded files and links on my own server. Simple enough, I upload files and my script returns me a link. On access, the link is translated to the file and download starts. Because it's modern, I want my links short and not so UUID4-like, because they are very long. I do not want th...
In an authentication protocol, S has a public/private key pair known to C, and S and C have established a secure channel (for example, using DH or ECDH, or any other key exchange protocol). C wishes to determine whether the peer over this secure channel possesses the private key. In ECDSA, the key pair is an elliptic c...
I have some HDDs which are encrypted to what I think is a decent standard. I want to lock these away in a remote storage facility, but am a little worried about EMP/Magnetic stuff from wiping the HDDs. I will be backing up the HDDs, but wanted to know if there is cheap easy way to protect the HDDs from EMP/Magnets from...
One of my friend challenged me that if my laptop is turned on then he can attach a device to it, just like in movies which will copy all data of my computer to his hard drive without touching a single key on my laptop. My question is that is it possible and even if he gets data from hard-drive can he decode it, and the...
I am a CS student, and am considering competing in the National Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition. Although I have a fair amount of experience in programming competitions (e.g. ACM at High School level, and various online competitions), I have never really considered information security competitions and/or study. ...
I am redirecting URLs to a virtual machine (Windows operating system) to check if there is malware on the website i want to visit (JavaScript attacks, drive-by download attacks, infected pictures/PDF files or executables embedded on the webpages ...). In the case there is a webmalware embedded on one of the webpages: ...
I'm developing a kind of standard web-application, to be hosted internally on few customer's servers (not a public service, startup or anything like that). A kind of CMS, e-learning platform or something close to that. Because this is an internal project, customer had given me quite a large decision field and did not s...
I know that there are already tools out there to generate cryptographic random number, but I was wondering if using AES could do the same. For example, I have a secret key for AES on my server and a counter in my database. Each time I want to generate a random number I increment the counter then encrypt it with AES usi...
My Exchange Admin is setting up 2013, and it is set to block txt file attachments specifically (as well as others). I have tried searching for risks associated with txt attachments but could not find any. Are there any risks I need to be aware of surrounding txt attachments? EDIT The Admin did not set up the rules for...
Within the last week, I've received 3 phone calls at 3 different locations from technicians who are calling "from Microsoft" about "Windows problems" that they've detected on my PC. Which they haven't because scam. And it was only good luck that I was visiting my parents when they called them. I've since warned them ...
An organization requires employees to use 2 person authentication in some scenarios. That is, when accessing, say, a server, secret knowledge from 2 people should be used for authentication. No one person should ever have access to the server alone. Question: What implementations of this requirement are possible? This ...
From what I understand, the JSON-P technique generates a script tag into the DOM of an HTML page to get across the single-origin restrictions imposed on the XMLHttpRequest JavaScript API for AJAX calls to web services not supporting CORS. Usually, the script embedded in this way only contains a callback and in this way...
When interaction between the user and the operating system is too slow (Windows become slow in responding to different user's request): what parameters could we check (and that we could use within a program coded in any programming language) in order to say for sure that the computer running this Windows operating syst...
I have been using GUIDs as un-guessable tokens in various situations for some time. I came across this question/answer which seems to suggest that while this is ok in some situations, it should not be done where security is a significant concern. Typically when I am trying to understand a vulnerability, I will create ...
Or are certs both host- and port-specific (excepting wildcard certs)? I would assume they aren't, because they're supposed to verify a domain, but at the same time I've never seen anyone run HTTPS on any port other than 443, and I've only seen X.509 certs used in conjunction with HTTPS, so despite the fact that the ans...
When a system is suspected to be infected, one of the measures often recommended for cleaning the system (without actually taking the "nuke from orbit" approach) is to scan the drive with anti-malware tools from a known-trustworthy system. The way this is normally accomplished is by removing the drive from the suspect ...
There are some optional cases in SSL/TLS where server can demand the certificate of the client. Can anyone give me any example regarding this? Thank you.
Imagine you have a private RSA-key on your computer encrypted (through PBKDF2, AES-CTR, HMAC256) with a password, now if the user would like to tick "Remember Password", what is the most secure way to save/remembmer the password? Obviously it's not storing it in plaintext in the local directory. One option would be to ...
I have a PGP signature of a known message. However, I am not sure who signed it. Can I get the public key - or, at least, the fingerprint/other way of searching for it on a public keyserver - just from the message and a signature? Example: I have this message/signature from here https://futureboy.us/pgp.html -----BEGIN...
I read the question about the relevancy of the xkcd password creation algorithm. Would it be more secure if you used a string of common words with a function that only you knew that would rearrange the characters of said common words? Define a string of common words and a function f that rearranges the characters in th...
There are a bunch of people in the anti-surveillance movement who are virtually demanding that I enable SMTP STARTTLS support in my environment, in order to enable opportunistic MTA-to-MTA encryption. The same anti-surveillance people are meanwhile complaining that OpenSSL is poor-quality code with a high likelihood of...
Is there any need to penetration test a GoogleAppEngine solution? Or will it be protected by googles existing infrastructure?
I am about to push hard against the powers that be and strongly recommend that we shift our many (20+) consultants from direct public access to RDP & SSH to VPN clients (connecting to a VLAN/subnet that has restricted access to only necessary resources). Given that we have a third-party SOC managing an IDS and monitori...
I have created a REST api, and now i'm thinking about authentication. I want the mobile application's flow for the user to be very simple: only having to enter a username and then this username together with 'some password' will be used to authenticate the user on every api call (using header fields, over SSL). Is th...
On my website I have a password reset page that users can use if they have forgotten their password. On this page they can enter their username or their email address and hit "reset" which will send them a link to reset their password. If they have entered an incorrect username or email, should I let them know that it ...
I'd like to know if giving access to Intel version of /dev/kvm on Linux to a user that just wants to spawn VMs gives him any extra privileges. That is, are her VMs subject to process scheduling just like other processes? Does it automatically grant direct access to any devices or memory?
Sorry for this stupid question but i'm thinking about what an attacker can do with a non persistent XSS attack on a website? An attacker can try to phish me with a malicious url, steal my cookies or my history etc... but does he also need my intervention or a human interaction for his attack? What else he can do with n...
One of my colleagues is working on securing OAuth 2 client IDs and secrets for our OAuth server and he has come up with this scheme where he would not only use UUID v4 to generate random values, but also bcrypt them. Another colleague asked what's the purpose of bcrypt-ing them, to which he got the answer that just UUI...
let me explain my problem. The wifi on my macbook suddenly stopped working so tried to use my usb wifi adapter on a linux VM. But the funny thing is that nothing works on the guest vm either... Well funny thing because, I get an IP from my DHCP and I can connect to the internet, but only to google's websites! exemple: ...
I'm currently building an authentication module and I've got a question. I have set up a server with an API and want my users to authenticate to this server, but I use AngularJS for the site. Everything with AngularJS is client side, so I was wondering how to set the user ID without anyone being able to just change it ...
Honesty commands me straight away to say that I'm not a professional, but I'm fascinated by data encryption. This algorithm won't be used in production code, so please don't flood me with "Don't design your own crypto", I know. I apologise in advance if the question is unfit for this site. I was wondering how secure th...
I'd like to show a CAPTCHA to prevent brute forcing attempts, but I was thinking of showing it whenever a user fails for an invalid username/password combination after X attempts, regardless of whether that user exists in the database or not. The thought was that if a user did exist, then all an attacker would have to ...
I want to develop a system, something like a comment system for a website, that ensures I know who is posting comments. The content that is exchanged is not valuable and does not need to be encrypted, I just want to have a some reasonable assurance that the person posting the comment is in fact who they say they are. I...
I wrote a simple system with SP-initiating Web SSO scenario based on OIOSAML. To test the system, I deployed it on the remote host. However AssertionConsumerServiceURL, where I specified URL, on which Shibboleth idP (idP based on Shibboleth) should return the answer is not called. SAMLAssertionConsumer - just a simple ...
My antivirus picked up an infection by Dialer/Coulomb. The definition of a dialer is a piece of malware that dials a number that charges money. How would it do this, is this from when modems were connected to the phone lines? Can this still happen if the computer is connected through wi-fi to a cable modem?
I am able to inject this: http://domain.com/search/songs/<img src='alert(document.cookie)' onerror='alert(document.cookie)'> to the page HTML. The onerror event is giving me the cookie on my latest updated Firefox. But Chrome is sanitizing the HTML to this: <img src="alert(document.cookie)" onerror=""> When I try to...
When you find a vulnerability, do you contact CVE assigners before contacting the vendor or after the vendor has fixed the problem? PS: do not link to How are CVE identifiers assigned and managed?, as it doesn't answer my question.
Is it possible to implement MITM attack on larger networks than LAN? For example is is possible to implement such an attack on the whole network of an ISP?
I want to make sure each of my apps users only get their own data, and that nobody tampers with it or sniffs it in a MITM fashion. Encryption of everything should be the solution, right? But how do I distribute the keys? Afaik SSL/TLS only makes sure the client is talking to the correct server, not the other way aroun...
I've read that the answer has something to do Socialist Millionaire, but I still don't understand how can the user be protected against malicious Man In The Middle, which would capture the question and answer by itself if it knows the answer. Could anyone explain that to me how can we authenticate someone getting his k...
Can anyone please give me a quick crash course on SSH and GPG? SSH: What is the difference between public and private keys? Should I back up my ~/.ssh/ directory, what are the security implications of doing so? GPG: Again, difference between public and private keys. What is an effective way to use GPG? Encrypt a text ...
I'm a tired of these stupid scammers trying to rip off fellow university students desperate for housing, so as for some free time activity I thought I'd try and do some scam baiting, and send him to MoneyGram and Western Union a few times in vain for the fun of it :) I will use a free online gmx account for the email....
I have a Debian 7 VPS that runs Nginx, PHP5-FPM and MariaDB. This server runs a couple of WordPress installations, phpMyAdmin and Roundcube Webmail. One is my personal blog running WP 3.9.1 and another runs the latest WP trunk version 4.0-beta1 for development purposes. I am the only person to have SSH access as well a...
By default, something like gpg -d file.gpg sends it's output to stdout. What happens to input that is sent to stdout? Is it possible to recover this?
I am very familiar with OpenPGP but don't even use X.509 / S/MIME. I know that there are several classes for certificates (from email check to personal ID check). I would like to know how you determine the class of a certificate. Is this information part of the CA signature? Or is that an organuzational feature only, u...
For this question, I'm calling an "invisible CA" one that Is signed by a root ca and exists as a 2nd or 3rd tier Is valid, not expired or revoked Has a different Public key than one that is currently dominant and active This scenario could occur in reality when A normal subCA (root0-1) gets renewed* A malicious o...
If I wanted to crack a password, "cba", but the dictionary I was using only had abc in it, does a dictionary attack try all combinations of abc? abc, acb, bca, bac, cba, cab Or would cba have to be specified in the dictionary in order to try it?
Recently an employee of mine developed a website in WordPress. Things were all fine until we received an email from Google , notifying me that some stuff that can really create security issues is going on in the WordPress site. On checking the FTP, I found an unusual folder there!! I could not delete it or modify it. T...
Lets say there is an AJAX application where the user can submit items - buy them. And there was a code IF ($_POST[items] > 20) { echo 'error'; } else { do_buy($_POST[items]); echo 'success' } Here, there is a check if items is not more than 20. On client side, it should not be possible to choose more than 20...
With the recent announcement of Touch ID APIs for third party apps, I am wondering how can we leverage this feature to perform secure transaction ? I am looking for a method to use Touch ID in my payment application. One option is to store the password in the keychain and add access policies to invoke Touch ID during p...
While reading about NOTRACK target of raw table in iptables, I encountered an article suggesting that for certain traffic you could (or even should) disable connection tracking. The two examples were: (1) all kind of routed packets, and (2) if you have a web server, or other services that eat resources, you should also...
I wish to start with blackberry mobile application penetration testing. I researched on net but no "in-depth" knowledge is available. Here is a good article but not much is covered. http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/security-assessment-of-blackberry-applications/ I had a look at this question BlackBerry handheld ...
Is there any reversible hash function? The hash function like SHA and MD5 are not reversible. I would like to know if there exist some reversible hash functions?
I am looking forward to learn more on implementing SSL/TLS, can anyone of you suggest me a good source to learn about it? For now I only have basic knowledge about it such as what is SSL and how it works. Thanks.
I yesterday visited a restaurant I usually visit, but it seems that after paying with my debit card, I accidentally left it there. Today (almost 24 hours later) I had realized that I didn't have it with me anymore. I am not really that concerned about the unauthorized use of the card, since my previous experience with ...
In my application, I build REST APIs so that user can interact with my application server. Since I do not want to maintain User/Passwords, my iOS app authenticates client using Google. This all happens on iOS device Once client is authenticated, I would give a call to my app server to fetch user's data. The problem...
Google, Facebook, Twitter, and several other services still knows the older passwords which we used on our accounts. At times, I can not reuse the same password as I have. Then with Google, if I type an old password by mistake, it tells me when I last changed my password. I think this could be more or less of a securit...
From what I have noticed, there is very few services that offer the Remember Email over Remember Me or Sign-in Automatically. These options really do make the life easier for the end-user of applications. I strongly think that Remember Email would be way better with making the user input their password into the passwor...
I ordered a Nokia phone online and it turned out that the packet had been tampered and the phone was missing from the package. Obviously it does not have a SIM card, etc. I assume someone stole it and is using the phone with a new SIM card. Is there any way that the phone can be tracked ?