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I started working at a large financial institution several weeks ago as a software engineer and despite every other aspect of this job being great, I am haunted by the constant restrictions that workstation security policy here puts us through. We are not allowed local administrator rights on our Windows 7 workstation...
I was wondering about the following: If someone tries to get my password with Brute Force, will a password starting with "a" guessed faster than one starting with "z" ? In this case assume the password is not salted, just hashed. Does a Brute Force attack start with "a", try and then go on or compute all hashes first a...
I'm trying to build my own PHP based REST Api for my Android app and I'm a litte bit confused by all the different user authentication stuff one can find on the internet. So I want to present my security considerations and would be glad about some feedback. First, I want to make clear that I don't want to build a publi...
I am looking for a program that can lock or encrypt folder, but in case if my laptop is stolen and C drive is reformatted and reinstalled, and i have locked folders on D drive, these folders to remain unaccessible. Also, these folders to remain unaccessible if someone try to use live linux distros from USB drive. Is th...
Can JavaScript malware be as dangerous and damaging as more traditional viruses that are programmed mostly in native APIs?
While reading through the newes OWASP ASVS standard (still beta) I have found a requirement V2.6 saying Verify that the session id is changed or cleared on logout. I do not see a clear point why it is necessary to have the session id changed or cleared after logout. It is necessary to have the session invalidated so...
Today I read an article on a French newspaper that our government listens to us when we use our cell phones. I wonder what type of programming methodoly or technology that allows this espionnage ?
Imagine a scenario where there is a DDOS attack against a target - clients would be unable to connect to the target, but I would like to know if the target could initiate a connection to the outside, and then have the response get through due to it being of a higher priority (since it was a requested connection vs an a...
Can a Linux environment be PCI compliant if the swap partition/file is not encrypted and PANs are loaded into RAM by an application?
I generate passwords for everything that requires security using the following method: ksoviero@ksoviero-Latitude-E7440:~$ head -c 16 /dev/urandom | base64 gorv/cp+lSiwiEfKck2dVg== 256^16 combinations is more than enough security (for me at least), and would take 2e21 years for even the most powerful computer to brut...
I'm new to concept of TOTP, but as I understand, 16-character base32-encoded shared secret is stored in the client application(for example Authy, FreeOTP)? This means that if I remove the application, the key is lost and I can no longer generate my one-time passwords?
As you can start a PC through its 'WAKE ON LAN' feature on private networks, can you trace someone's online status through their MAC address over the internet ?
Please Note: I am not going to name the websites which have these horrible standards for their clients and users. I have had to change my passwords for my routine update just recently in the last few months, several of my major services that I use forces weaker password standards. These weaker standards, which all of ...
I'm trying to understand how SSL/TLS certificates work, but I'm missing something. I have obtained my current understanding from this website: http://www.moserware.com/2009/06/first-few-milliseconds-of-https.html. I've also seen this post: How do the processes for digital certificates, signatures and ssl work? After re...
I have a client that needs to be able to secure a data site from hackers. This is the methodology we currently are looking at: server.com (web server) —> HTTP JSON API request —> dataStore.net (data server). He doesn’t want to force people to authenticate just to visit server.com. Authentication would be needed just...
import os, random, struct from Crypto.Cipher import AES def encrypt_file(key, in_filename, out_filename=None, chunksize=64*1024): """ Encrypts a file using AES (CBC mode) with the given key. key: The encryption key - a string that must be either 16, 24 or 32 bytes long. Lon...
We are creating an app and registration of user happens in following way. User sends via app: email-id/phone and username. Server sends a pin to enter in app via phone/email. User enters the pin in the app. After this we are thinking of two ways we could store some authentication information on app. A. Server send a...
I posted this originally on Drupal Stack Exchange, and it was recommended that I try here for an answer. Here is the original question: Visiting my Drupal 7 site just now with IE 11, I get this message: Windows Defender blocked content on this website lx7pyv.dofeqilr.com Hosted by: poligo.com Recommended icon Go to m...
To put this problem in context, I have a touch monitor screen whose firmware program is protected by a password. The firmware program is downloaded over RS232 via a Windows utility program provided by the manufacturer of the touch screen. The problem is, upon completing the download, the utility program asks for a 6-ch...
I'm designing a server which accepts anonymous messages using ECIES: as in, anonymous users send the server an ephemeral EC public key, and the server uses ECDH to derive a shared secret, and some KDF to obtain a shared symmetric key to decrypt the actual message. The problem is ECDH, which is among the fastest key ex...
I have an IP address of a computer which I am currently away from, and I need the MAC address. How do I get the MAC address if I ony have the IP?
On October 24th, 2013, the admins of the famous php.net website said that their website delivered malware to its visitors using a drive-by download attacK. I have several questions about this malware, however I prefer to ask only few of them since I already found answsers for other questions: I take this quote from th...
If an attacker were just given 256 bits, and they were either a SHA256 hash or a 256 bit elliptic curve key, would they be able to tell which one it is? Just out of curiosity, would they be able to tell the difference between the above and an AES256 encrypted block, or a 256 bit ECDSA signature?
Malicious JavaScript (generated by malicious hosted PHP code for example) can lead to attacks. What are the types of attack that malicious javascript could perform? Are the drive-by download attacks the only ones that malicious javaScript performs?
I have read a few articles about SIM cards, stating that the chip inside them uses some cryptographic magic to prevent people from cloning your number. This to me seems borderline impossible, given that you could manufacture a new chip with exactly the same circuitry hard-wired into it. So how does this cryptographic s...
My downloads stop completing and some page in the browser appearing blank or with text only without css or js and so on, some program after complete return me a message when trying to start installing: The setup files are corrupted. Please obtain a new copy of the program. Also I can't install google chrome or anti...
According to this answer, a valid login token schema would consist of the username (U) the time of issuance (T) and secret key K owned by the server only The suggestion then is to concatenate the values as following: token = U+T+hmac("sha256", U+T, K) Does this mean the server would have to split the token to validat...
A few years ago, there was a high-profile attack on a Wired editor, where the hackers added a credit card to the target's amazon account, then used that self-added credit card to gain access to the target's account. So they effectively poisoned Amazon's database for their attack, then social engineered their way throug...
I've recently started using LastPass and one of the things you can set as a policy for you password vault is Prevent offline access when using Google Authenticator. The local cache can be accessed without a second factor when using Google Authenticator [unless this policy is enabled] How can they enforce that? I...
I maintain a small site that runs old-fashioned classic ASP pages with an Access backend. Recently, the site got hacked. The attacker managed to add a large quantity of code to the index.asp page. Mostly it was static content, lots of links to dubious sites, that sort of thing, with a bit of scripting thrown in. I did...
How can I spoof my public IPv4 address to another without using proxys? I don't need any response, the TCP handshake needn't be completed! I just want to send a SYN packet with spoofed (specific) source address! My problem is, that every packet I craft can just have a spoofed private IP and my router would simply drop ...
I am not familiar with all the steps involved in a full-fledged information security review of an in-house developed application, so I am wondering whether or not the following scenario is commonplace. A web application is created, and runs on top of Microsoft's .NET framework. Under the terms of the security review, ...
I have a PKI certificate in Keychain Access.app on OS X 10.9, together with the private key. The manual page for /usr/bin/security indicates that there is a -x option for security import to specify that private keys are non-extractable after being imported, which I believe must have been used on my key. However, there'...
So if a group has made open source software, and the source code is available on github, and is bundled with an executable in their main download, can it be proven that the executable is compiled from the source code that is on github, and not modified source code (like adding a backdoor to the system that isn't on the...
There are three different ways how TLS (1.2) can be used: server and client authenticate only the server authenticates neither authenticates If neither server nor client authenticates using a certificate the connection is not protected against man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. The TLS 1.2 specification says that ...
What is the difference between using Google Safe Browsing and using other traditional anti-webmalware tools ? Which one is more efficient to protect against malicious web content ?
I've been monitoring my network traffic with Little Snitch, and today, when launching Chrome, just the default Chrome tab (shows most frequent sites), it alerted me Chrome was trying to connect over SSL to the domain goldenticket.disconnect.me According to whois lookup, this domain is registered to a "dedicated server...
In a recent question (can't seem to find now), someone asked: Is it possible to track a phone which is off? and received a response of Who's to say that it's really off? Your phone has both a CPU and a baseband processor, which may keep running after you've "powered off" the phone. Details of baseband processors are...
I've got an ASP Classic system that passes around sequential ids corresponding to keys in the database. I had gotten an encryption module (chilkat, an activex control) that I was using to encrypt and decrypt entire querystrings. However, since I do validate a user's right to access a particular resource (noted by an ID...
Following is a excerpt from COMPUTERWORLD Yesterday, in talking about the zero-day vulnerability in Tails, Exodus Intelligence wrote: "We publicized the fact that we’ve discovered these issues for a very simple reason: no user should put full trust into any particular security solution. By bringing to light ...
Two questions about User-Mode Linux: Suppose that a privilege escalation attack is used to gain root in a UML guest. Assuming modern (3.0 or later) host and guest kernels, is it trivial to escape the sandbox, as with a chroot? Or is it more difficult? Is it possible to run a privilege escalation exploit against the ho...
I've read that the Server header would disclose information, and that its use would be bad. The arguments made in that question also apply for the User agent header. So why is it still used, and not a "dummy", like the one google uses for the server header field? As I understand it, the user agent was useful in the day...
We are implementing a REST service that requires authentication and authorization. Because of the stateless nature of REST API's, we want to use JWT to make authenticated calls to the API through a token, without the need to hit a database for each API call. After evaluating the JWT we had some questions: How do you ...
For a client-side only webapp run from file, how can a keylogger gather data and then transmit it? In this scenario, please limit the scope to the client code only, that an attacker somehow has injected code. Vulnerabilities outside of the browser is out of scope. There is no flash or java in the original code, and p...
Use connection of A and B as an example. Their communications were encrypted by Public Key Encryption. Before they exchange their public key, ISP MITM attacked. A got "B"'s public key (ISP generated) B got "A"'s public key (ISP generated) A send message X to B. A->"B"'s public( (A's private(X) )->ISP When ISP got that ...
If I publish my public key (I think I understand how this works, I'm still learning encryption) and I have a common name, could this leas to problems at all? OR does the email part guarantee that this will work fine? Does this not make it extremely easy for someone to compromise my identity? In retrospect, this seems l...
My goal is to build a perfect stationary workstation from which I can work anonymously. Most instructions on being anonymous usually involve, at some point, moving around and switching from coffee shop to coffee shop. Is there any way around this? Currently, my best-possible imagined setup involves tails OS plugged int...
The file is binary, named '96748', and it's 12.8kb in size. Ubuntu thinks it's an swf. Thank god I was in a Linux VM and not Windows. It doesn't seem to have done anything, and it's just sitting there in my downloads folder. This is the URL (don't visit in Windows) h**p://www.buzzfeed.com/elliewoodward/orlando-bloom-tr...
When I am doing a lot of sudo operations, I like to spawn a bash shell from sudo to make the operations go quicker. I am against assigning a root password because I do not like the root account enabled because it is an easy target for hackers. There are a couple of security concerns I have with using sudo bash as well,...
Without using Private and Public keypairs, i do not understand how Diffie-Hellman is able to generate a secret key between two parties on the internet without passing something between that could be sniffed. There is a term for this that comes from Generals sending messages through hostile territory. I do not understan...
I need to pull some data from network storage to a publicly available laptop that is running Linux. The network storage used to be provided via a server that could be connected to via ssh, but it has now been switched to a server that only provides access via samba. I used to connect from the laptop to the server with ...
I am working on a system that consists of several applicaitons communicating with each other. Some of these applications will run on the same server and some will run on a different one. So there is going to be communication from one server to another one and from one server to itself. The communication will be TLS pro...
I need to share some sensitive information with someone else who can only communicate via E-mail. I don't love the idea of sharing this information freely over email in plain text, so I was considering encrypting it using asymmetrical encryption (It's not a nuclear missile launch code, I just want to prevent someone f...
I'm doing some research on user account guessing, and wanted to ask a question about some "bad practices". My thought is generally this is a trade-off between great user functionality/UX and security. For example, I could create a user webservice that checks if an e-mail exists, and when a user is attempting to registe...
I just read about PGP encryption scheme here, and started wondering what is the need to encrypt the file with a one time random key? In other words, how is this scheme more secure than simply sending the file which is directly encrypted using the public key? (Because the one time key is anyways sent along with the data...
I would like to know what the minimum access is to be able to dump from the lsass process on a Windows machine (any version) to try and grab LSA Secrets. The reason I am asking is because I had thought it was restricted to admin and higher, but accross multiple penetration tests and different versions of windows, I hav...
Let's say a friend gives me a SD-card which I'm not sure is safe (i.e. it may contain malware), what is the safest way to access this card on a Mac OSX? E.g. is it possible to create a sandbox in Finder? I know some of you may say, "Just don't access it." But assume this is a scenario where I have to access it.
Does a typical computer begin with any shared secret with a certificate authority when I buy it? If not, a compromised home router could fake everything and get my credit card info when I attempt to buy something, even if I were careful to use https.
Is the Java programming language used for penetration testing in practice? I've wondered whether Java is used or can be used for penetration testing in the field (people write pen-testing suites and attacks in Java)? If so, does the same apply to C#? I know Python and Ruby are used a lot, but I would like to aim for...
I see other similar question here. I want to become Malware analyst. I have learn to program in Python and C++(not on expert level but fairly good). Before I continue with Assembly language I want to learn about OS. Could any of you recommend book(s) that will give me the concepts I need to know. I will be very gratefu...
We have a requirement for 2-factor authentication for our internal WiFi SSID's. Currently we use PEAP w/ MS-CHAPv2 to pass windows creds through the AP to a RADIUS server (A Domain Controller running NPS). This has been recently been accused of not being 2-Factor authentication because it's only supplying 'something y...
We had a web server that had the wrong SSL certs installed yet the browser was able to find another trusted path to a root and supply the page properly over HTTPS. We also have proprietary software clients that use SSL outside of browsers that connect to the same server yet these failed SSL validation. My question is w...
Assuming no XSS and a client-side only page, how can a keylogger be identified in javascript code? Should I simply look for the id of the targeted fields and possibly some sort of DOM traversal to get the value in an obscure way? Is there anything else?
If I am connected in a public WiFi, is there any way to know whether I am under attack or not while browsing sites using SSL? For example, if I visit facebook.com and the URL starts with "https://", does it mean that I am 100% secure? What methods can be used to verify this?
Wired, and others are reporting on a research paper by Karsten Nohl and Jakob Lell. The paper apparently shows how any USB device (not just memory sticks) can be infected with malware at the firmware level. This can then be used to attack any device the USB device is attached to. As the malware resides in the firmware,...
I have read that bios passwords are sometimes good--or bad, if there is a default. Places mention that these passwords are pretty much just available through google, but I can not find them. Where would I find them?
We're developing a web application in which certain not logged users (clients) need to send their credit card details to other users (merchants) - which, we'll assume, are PCI compliant. We are looking into getting PCI compliance, but the process will surely needs a lot of time. Therefore we are investigating other sol...
My application is vulnerable to XSS attack. Technology used in the application are Servlet 2.2, JSP 1.1, Jdk 1.3, WAS 4.0. I wanted to remediate XSS vulnerability with migration of technology or remediate with the current technology. As of now i thought to migrate servlet 2.2 to 2.3 to use filter interface. Please advi...
I am reading a book on network security and when talking about user confusion it writes: "It is not uncommon for a user to be asked security questions such as Is it safe to quarantine this attachment? With little or no direction, users are inclined to provide answers to questions without understanding the security...
I'm trying various sandboxing solutions on linux. I'm used to running untrusted programs (for example, a web browser, a pdf document reader, etc) inside a selinux sandbox, which I'm quite satisfied with, but there is a problem: it's only supported on rhel/fedora. AFAIK other distributions don't really support selinux ...
I have a database with individual contact data for students... this data includes name, address, phone number, birthdate, etc. (no social... that would have made this too easy apparently, ha ha) I would like to allow their parents to access their data from home, and be able to view and edit it. Obviously, security is ...
I don't know if this is some injection attempt or a weird bot or what ever. An IP opened several pages within my Drupal 7 website with the appendix http://domain.com/some/url/$tags.get(%22pixelLink%22) I didn't find anything on Google. What does $tags.get(%22pixelLink%22) mean? Should I prevent this and if so, how?
Not really new but it's all over the news right now. You can hack a USB firmware to run an attack by emulating a keyboard. I wonder how difficult it is create an USB thumb that emulates a keyboard. I am trying to evaluate how likely such an attack is. Can the kid in my neighborhood do this or does it require are secret...
We have a website, and somebody wrote us an email claiming we are insecure! What should I do
I am hosting a site on a hosting server. How to identify whether my site is vulnerable to DOS/DDOS attacks?
Suppose that there is a http proxy server outside the firewall of an organization hosting a web server. All client connections to the web server happen through this proxy. The client negotiates SSL with the proxy server and connections terminate at the proxy. Since the proxy is deployed outside the firewall, there are ...
We use a custom app which uses Matrix SSL (client side) to perform certificate validation on MAC and Linux systems. My question is, does Matrix SSL keep a cert store cache of intermediate and trusted roots so it can perform its checks against what the server sends? Or does it call up something like OCSP or use AIA exte...
What are the risk that I encounter when increasing the timeout of a vip between a web server (apache) and mysql cluster (two servers). Actually it is set to 5 minutes. If time_out was 1hour, knowing that all servers have a proxy to go out the vlan, could this be a security threat ?
I'm using Tor (Orbot for Android), and when I look at the log of the connection establishment phase, I see that I'm repeatedly being connected to familiar nodes, especially the Entry Nodes which 3 out of 4 times are the same 3 nodes that I'm connecting to every time! Even the whole 3 Nodes in my path are more often tha...
Given a secure wireless network (lets say WPA2) with clients A and B, what level of traffic can A see from B? if the router has "wireless isolation" enabled? does it make a difference?
Alice wants to encrypt her data. She is not comfortable with using only a password. While she prefers to use a properly random crypto key, she isn't confident she can protect the key file from theft or loss. So she wants to use both. Bob proposes that she derive her encryption key EK from her password P and input key I...
When I go to whatsmyip.org under my host name I get "Your.Ipv6.Is.Under.Attack.By.The.Smurf6.Info". What does this mean? I'm using private internet access as my VPN so I'm guessing PIA is under some sort of attack? What should I do?
From my experience a card can not be used for online payment without a valid CVV, then why is it still always emphasized that card number must be protected? What can a hacker do, assume that he has all the information on the front side of the card (card number, holder name, expiry date) but not the CVV?
I have a Truecrypted, airgapped (no internet connectivity at all) laptop that I use as a completely secure computer for sensitive files. I want to add images from my iPhone (I know), camera or other device. What is the safest way to do this? I know safety will have to be compromised in some way, but I need to best. Her...
Due to very paranoid customer requirements, we have to install several Windows services on two different systems that should run under a shared service account. Each system should each have a copy of the service account with matching name and password. I originally planned to generate the password at install time for ...
We would like to digitally sign DOC (MS-Word) and PDF documents using PKI. Is this possible using an internally deployed CA? I've found lots of articles getting email digitally signed but almost no reference for Word documents.
I've noticed that my Dropbox installation really loves sending unencrypted information over the net including a "user_id" and it's user-agent. What i want to know is if it's possible at all to determine who owns the account from the user_id or from something else in the url. This is an example of the url with the numbe...
What can I do to protect my Linux laptop from BadUSB attacks as described by ArsTechnica here? Perhaps writing an appropriate AppArmor profile would help?
I want to know what type of server facebook uses ? If they use sql server , then is it vulnerable to sql injection ? Are all sql servers vulnerable to sql injection ? I just want to know this information and i have no intention of hacking as i have just started reading sql injection attacks and defense book
While I was searching online for information about Linux security, the most typical explanation was: Linux is secure, because the root password is required to access the kernel and install new applications - therefore external malicious software can't do any harm as long as the administrator is the only person to know ...
I understand that most antiviruses by default quarantine infected files. I have changed it to remove all infected files immediately. Would this cause more harm than good?
I have implemented a stateless auth over HTTP in Laravel, using JWTs. I send my username/password from the frontend. Server authenticates user, sends back a signed JWT with an expiry time. I'm using the HS512 algorithm to sign with a private key (only available to the server). Frontend stores the token for future re...
Referring to this vuln: http://bluebox.com/technical/android-fake-id-vulnerability/ and this permission: http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html "signature" A permission that the system grants only if the requesting application is signed with the same certificate as the applicati...
I have been running alot of javascript code on nike.com through the console in order to create a shoe bot. The code i paste into the console has one intense loop with many iterations which makes me worry as I got a temporary site down when i tried to connect to the site earlier. My code is by no means harmful, all it d...
I've been looking at how PBKDF is used to generate encryption key for AES. One thing I couldn't get my head around is that how those OS keep the encryption key safe apart from using hardware modules. So far my understanding is that OS like Windows stores user hashed user password in a file (SAM file). The password hash...
Vulnerabilities are discovered everyday. The recent Heart bleed attack caught many people off guard. I was wondering if a serious flaw was to be discovered that allows unfettered access to SSH, how should I defend myself and minimize my exposure to such an attack in order to have sufficient time to patch the server?
Given that Site X uses HTTPS, how can it be blocked by a country? My browser reads: 128-bit encryption | ECDHE_RSA as key exchange. I say it's blocked since when I use Tor, it works fine. One important thing to point out is that it's not blocked in the typical sense we are used to see, which clearly shows a page that s...
I've been trying to understand something. When you generate a CSR from IIS, how is the private key kept as a secret, or is it? Do CA's email you a certificate that includes your private key? Because nothing seems to tell me otherwise, and nobody should know your private key but you. Instructions to generate a CSR from ...
I plan to use a DNS service, I'm just wondering what sort of information gets sent. Will my passwords, browsing activity flow through the DNS servers? I kind of know what a DNS is, but I'm not sure about the security risks from my point of view, I don't want my passwords compromised.
I'm trying to implement some security access control in a software I'm building. I came across Stormpath for user management and they have somewhat an approach for RBAC yet what I was considering is to rely on XACML for ABAC and more specifically BALANA from WSO2 in the sense that I may set the attributes for users and...