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Does a Grignard reagent react with cyclohex-2-en-1-one to give the 1,2- or 1,4- product? |
There is a sentence in my book I don't understand :
Every atom or ion, which have one valence electron, will have *double lines* in the specter. For example **Na** will give 589,0 and 589,6 nm.
Why does that happen ? |
> Such a transition would presumably result in no strong $\ce{C-He}$ interaction.
While in practice you are correct, I thought I'd point out something interesting. [Some computational investigations](https://books.google.com/books/about/Modeling_Marvels.html?id=IoFzgBSSCwEC&hl=en) have found that certain compounds s... |
There's actually quite an interesting review article about the effects of decaying tritium compounds in chemical systems. The formation of radicals seems to be very unfavourable, and almost always neutral helium is ejected leaving a carbocation behind. Thus, the article is titled ["*Tritium for generation of carbocatio... |
> how is anilinium ion meta directing for electrophiles?
Actually, **anilinium is not meta directing** (I know it is often taught that way), but rather it deactivates the entire aromatic ring.
You are correct that you can't delocalize the positive charge on the anilinium nitrogen into the benzene ring through res... |
If we make a resonance structure of anilinium ion, with positive charge at *ortho* or *para* position, we get a pentavalent nitrogen, which is not possible. So, how is anilinium ion *meta* directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions? |
There's actually quite an interesting review article about the effects of decaying tritium compounds in chemical systems. The formation of neutral radicals seems to be very unfavourable, and almost always neutral helium is ejected leaving a carbocation behind instead. Thus, the article is titled ["*Tritium for generati... |
Thinking of making a stove out of stainless steel. Stainless because it will have a double outer jacket to pass water through and heat it.
Will a wood fire sitting directly on stainless steel corrode it? Would a higher grade, say 316 instead of 314 prevent this?
Should the steel be protected in some way, perhaps ... |
Will fire corrode stainless steel? |
There's actually quite an interesting review article about the effects of decaying tritium atoms in organic compounds. The formation of neutral radicals is very unfavourable, and almost always neutral helium is ejected leaving a carbocation behind instead. Compare the two processes:
$$\ \ce{R-He^+ -> R^. + \ \ He^{+... |
There is a sentence in my book I don't understand :
Every atom or ion, which have one valence electron, will have *double lines* in the atomic emission spectrum. For example **Na** will produce lines at 589,0 and 589,6 nm.
Why does that happen ? |
> how is anilinium ion meta directing for electrophiles?
Actually, **anilinium is not meta directing** (I know it is often taught that way), but rather it deactivates the entire aromatic ring.
You are correct that you can't delocalize the positive charge on the anilinium nitrogen into the benzene ring through res... |
I would like to know if it is safe to mix organic solvents together or organic solvents with some compounds listed below.
In a mixture with random ratios (greater than zero - all chemicals present) we have:
- Ethanol
- Methyl ethyl ketone (as denaturant for ethanol)
- Bitrex (aka Denatonium - as denaturant f... |
True or False? Swedish chemist Berzelius unified the names of chemical elements using the Latin language |
I would like to know if it is safe to mix organic solvents together or organic solvents with some compounds listed below.
In a mixture with random ratios (greater than zero - all chemicals present) we have:
- Ethanol
- Methyl ethyl ketone (as denaturant for ethanol)
- Bitrex (aka Denatonium - as denaturant f... |
>What I have found from the literature is that Berzelius's proposal helped unifying the symbols of chemical elements, but the names remain diverse in language sources (not all are Latin) and some remain disputed (not all unified). Thus, I gather that Berzelius's proposal helps, but it is far from the statement that he ... |
There is a sentence in my book I don't understand :
Every atom or ion, which has one valence electron, will have *double lines* in the atomic emission spectrum. For example **Na** will produce lines at 589,0 and 589,6 nm.
Why does that happen ? |
>What I have found from the literature is that Berzelius's proposal helped unifying the symbols of chemical elements, but the names remain diverse in language sources (not all are Latin) and some remain disputed (not all unified). Thus, I gather that Berzelius's proposal helps, but it is far from the statement that he ... |
Here is a question from my textbook:-
> Q - Give the major product formed by the heating of the following ether with HI.
> CH3
> |
> CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
According to me, The product should be this due to Delocalisation of +ve charge among the neighbouring Carbon atoms.
>... |
**Short answer: your workflow doesn't include residue perception, so you would need to do this manually.**
I don't use CORINA, but I suspect the answer is the same as if you generated coordinates using Open Babel.
You're using ChemDraw, which as far as I know, doesn't include any sort of residue information in th... |
Here is a question from my textbook:-
> Q - Give the major product formed by the heating of the following ether with HI.
> CH3
> |
> CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
According to me, The product should be this due to Delocalisation of +ve charge among the neighbouring Carbon atoms.
>... |
How would you add saccharide residue information to PDB files? |
>What I have found from the literature is that Berzelius's proposal helped unifying the symbols of chemical elements, but the names remain diverse in language sources (not all are Latin) and some remain disputed (not all unified). Thus, I gather that Berzelius's proposal helps, but it is far from the statement that he ... |
Which allotrope of phosphorus is kinetically the most stable? |
What will benezendiazonium ion become if it is not maintained at a temperature below $5\ °\mathrm{C}$ during diazotization? |
Did Berzelius unify the names of chemical elements using the Latin language? |
Does cysteine break down in filtered water? Should this made more acidic?
If I mix cysteine powder in juice (something acidic maybe), does it remain at cysteine? It seems that it can oxidize into cystine and loose some of its qualities. |
Does cysteine break down in filtered water? Should this made more acidic?
If I mix cysteine powder in juice (something acidic maybe), does it remain at cysteine? It seems that it can oxidize into cystine and lose some of its qualities. |
I have multiple PDB files containing a single molecules of polysaccharides, with a single chain and a long list of all the atoms -they are not divided by residue.
The PDB files were created from [ChemDraw files](http://lipidbank.jp/cgi-bin/detail.cgi?id=CLS5224) using OpenBabel and Corina applet form molecular-networ... |
> For the last question, I believe the latter would be true because if
> the anions produced at the negative electrode react with the cations
> that are attracted to the electrode, the cations that are attracted to
> the electrode would not be available to accept electrons and hence the
> current would become incre... |
Does 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane have standard heats and free energies of formation and absolute entropies values in a liquid state?
http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/data/thermodynamic-data
This website only provides the values in gaseous state and I can't seem to find the values for the liquid state anywhere. |
$\mathrm{\Delta H_f^\circ = -211.3~kJmol^{-1}}$
Neither source provided entropy or free energy data though but this is a start.
http://courses.chem.indiana.edu/c360/documents/thermodynamicdata.pdf
http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C507200&Units=SI&Mask=2#Thermo-Condensed |
Thinking of making a stove out of stainless steel. Stainless because it will have a double outer jacket to pass water through and heat it.
Will a wood fire sitting directly on stainless steel corrode it? Would a higher grade, say 316 instead of 304 prevent this?
Should the steel be protected in some way, perhaps ... |
I did a lab about spectrophotometry and right now i need the molar absorptivity(ε) of thymol blue in acidic solution and also in basic solution. I have tried looking online but I haven't found the data i need.
What is the molar absorptivity of thymol blue in acidic solution and in basic solution? |
I did a lab about spectrophotometry and right now I need the molar absorptivity(ε) of thymol blue in acidic solution and also in basic solution. I have tried looking online but I haven't found the data I need.
What is the molar absorptivity of thymol blue in acidic solution and in basic solution? |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/FDttS.jpg
ATTEMPT:
The first step will be the attack of **PhMgX** on carbonyl carbon, that is, 1,2 position followed by hydrolysis giving us an alcohol.
But how the reaction proceeds with **HClO4** ? |
what will be the final product of this reaction? |
> how is anilinium ion meta directing for electrophiles?
Actually, **anilinium is not meta directing** (I know it is often taught that way), but rather it inductively deactivates the entire aromatic ring.
To explain the electrophilic substitution pattern observed with any aromatic system we must consider both re... |
I have an aqueous solution with either MgCl2 or CaCl2 in solution with K2SO4. There is a white pcp that forms on the bottom that does not dissolve with HCl (maybe I need to add excess HCL?). Is there any way to find out if it's Mg or Ca? I have already tried adding NaOH and I get a not very cloudy white PCP and not rea... |
Identifying MgCl2 or CaCl2 in Solution? |
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/FDttS.jpg
ATTEMPT:
The first step will be the attack of $\ce{PhMgX}$ on carbonyl carbon, that is, 1,2 position followed by hydrolysis, yielding an alcohol.
But how does the reaction proceed with $\ce{HClO4}$? |
I have an aqueous solution of either $\ce{MgCl2}$ or $\ce{CaCl2}$ in solution with $\ce{K2SO4}$. There is a white precipitate that forms on the bottom that does not dissolve when $\ce{HCl}$ is added (maybe it needs to be in excess?). Is there any way to find out if it's $\ce{Mg^2+}$ or $\ce{Ca^2+}$? I have already trie... |
There is a sentence in my book I don't understand :
Every atom or ion, which has one valence electron, will have *double lines* in the atomic emission spectrum. For example $\ce{Na}$ will produce lines at $589.0\:\mathrm{nm}$ and $589.6\:\mathrm{nm}$.
Why does this happen ? |
What will be the final product of this reaction? |
I'm trying to attach a sensor to some tubes to measure the level of liquids in them.
[see here][1]
One tube contains toluene and the other contains Recosol R55 (shellite).
I'm thinking of using a capacitance level sensor like [this][2] or [this][3].
But I am concerned about the safety of doing this. C... |
Which effect does adding hydrogen chloride have when determining the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in bleach via titration have? |
I know that you can have 2 acids reacting with 1 base. These 4 reactions are an example of this:
$\ce{3 HCl + H2SO4 + NaOH -> 3 H2O + SCl2 + O2 + NaCl}$
$\ce{6 HCl + 4 H2SO4 + 2 NaOH -> 8 H2O + 2 S2Cl2 + 5 O2 + 2 NaCl}$
$\ce{HCl + H2SO4 + 3 NaOH -> 3 H2O + Na2S + 2 O2 + NaCl}$
... |
With respect http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?rp:RP00167 <br><br>
can anyone tell me how the RDM values were obtained??
<br><br>Note: This may be a silly question to all chemists, but not for me, i am a computer science student , and my research field in bioinformatics and so i have to study both biology and b... |
How RDM value is obtained? |
With respect to related R class in KEGG website:<br><br>
http://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/relclass?RC00064 <br><br> What is the biological or statistical relevance of the score? How is it computed? And does it signify the bonding strength of how probably it is for a pair of compounds to be an R pair? <br><br>
Note: Th... |
With respect http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?rp:RP00167 <br><br>
can anyone tell me how the RDM values were obtained?? <br><br> Information what RDM is given here: <br><br>http://www.genome.jp/kegg/reaction/ <br><br>
<br><br>Note: This may be a silly question to all chemists, but not for me, i am a computer s... |
There is no heating or cooling in this process.
We recently move to a new house and something strange is happening with the water in every tap of the house.
First thing I noticed is when you fill a bucket with the garden hose the bubbles in the water lingered around longer than they should have, ie. normal senari... |
With respect http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?rp:RP00167 <br><br>
can anyone tell me how the RDM pattern were obtained?? <br><br> Information what RDM is given here: <br><br>http://www.genome.jp/kegg/reaction/ <br><br>
<br><br>Note: This may be a silly question to all chemists, but not for me, i am a computer ... |
I want to know why first three alcohols (methanol, ethanol and propanol) are completely miscible in water?
I want to know what happens at molecular level.
I think there is important role of hydrogen bond. |
Why first 3 first three alcohols are completely miscible? |
> And does [*the score*] signify the bonding strength of how probably it is for a pair of compounds to be an R pair?
No, it has nothing to do with that. It is not about how probably a particular reaction is.
When comparing **RC**s (reaction classes), the scores in the table of related reaction classes are just a ... |
With respect to related R class in KEGG website:
http://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/relclass?RC00064 <br><br> What is the biological or statistical relevance of the score? How is it computed? And does it signify the bonding strength of how probably it is for a pair of compounds to be an R pair?
Note: This may be a ... |
I am asked to determine whether the following process is likely to involve a carbocation rearrangement or not.
![impossible rearrangement][1]
I think it is possible through the rearrangement given above (though the rearrangement cannot become a secondary or primary carbocation). Can someone please clarify if the... |
I am asked to determine whether the following process is likely to involve a carbocation rearrangement or not:
>![impossible rearrangement][1]
I think it is possible through the rearrangement given above (though the rearrangement cannot become a secondary or primary carbocation). Can someone please clarify if th... |
Why are the first three alcohols completely miscible? |
I want to know why the three most simple alcohols (methanol, ethanol and propanol) are completely miscible in water?
I want to know what happens at molecular level.
I think hydrogen bonding plays an important role. |
Why are the three most simple alcohols completely miscible? |
For E2 reactions, why is a strong base like NaOH or RONa needed? Whereas for E1, even a weak base like H2O could be used.
[Wikipedia][1] states: E2 typically uses a strong base, it needs a chemical strong enough to pull off a weakly acidic hydrogen. However it does not explain why. The lone pair of the base directl... |
>The three naturally occurring isotopes of potassium are $\ce{^39K}$ ($38.963707\:\mathrm{amu}$); $\ce{^40K}$ ($39.963999\:\mathrm{amu}$); and $\ce{^41K}$.
>The percent natural abundances of $\ce{^39K}$ and $\ce{^41K}$ are $93.2581\%$ and $6.7302\%$ respectively.
>a) What is the natural abundance of $\ce{^40K}$?... |
If an electron is removed from an atom of $\ce{K}$, why does it then have 0 valence electrons as it states in my General Chemistry textbook? I would think that if this happened, it would have the same exact electron configuration as $\ce{Ar}$, which has 8 valence electrons, correct? What's going on here? |
Why will $\ce{K}$ have a greater electron affinity than $\ce{Ca}$? I know that $\ce{Ca}$ has a greater first ionization energy, and I also know that $\ce{K}$ has a greater second ionization energy, but I am confused on how to explain this. |
Why does K have a greater electron affinity than Ca? |
How do I convert $\ce{CH3CH2OH}$ (ethanol) to $\ce{CH3CH2C\equiv CH}$ (but-1-yne) ?
I'm not too good with reaction mechanisms and conversions are beyond me.
**My Attempt:**
I've searched through a couple of textbooks and notes and I don't see any direct way to do the reaction.
I think I can use thionyl ch... |
Which allotrope of phosphorus is kinetically the most stable?
I ruled out white and yellow as being quite reactive.
Red and black allotropes are both polymeric and comparitively less reactive.
Black looks the most stable one **thermodynamically**. But kinetically, I have no idea whether it should be r... |
The Fischer Tropsch reaction between $\ce{CO}$ and $\ce{H2}$ has the potential to give a wide range of products. However by judicious choice of catalytic metal it is possible to produce $\ce{CH4}$, $\ce{CH3OH}$, and other alkanes selectively. $\ce{Fe}$ and $\ce{Co}$ are most commonly used catalysts where $\ce{Fe}$ prod... |
I prepared a battery with $\ce{Zn}$ screws and a $\ce{Cu}$ wire, with water as an electrolyte. The $\ce{Zn}$ screw acted as the cathode, and the $\ce{Cu}$ wire acted as the anode. I got nearly $0.6\:\mathrm{V}$ as the emf. I placed numerous amounts of such cells in an ice cube tray. Each ice cube acts as a cell and i g... |
I cannot figure out how to solve the following question:
>Find the root-mean-square speed of $\ce{Ne}$ atoms at the temperature at which their kinetic energy is $\mathrm{6.24\:\mathrm{kJ\:mol^{-1}}}$.
I tried using the kinetic energy formula ${(\mathrm{KE}=\frac{1}{2}mv^2)}$, but I don't really understand... |
Why are $\ce{Fe}$ and $\ce{Ni}$ ferromagnetic?
$\ce{Fe}$ has metallic bonds, which is the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and delocalized electrons.
Is it due to these charges, as well as with ions and the "sea of electrons" that makes the metal ferromagnetic? |
Is removing the waters of hydration from $\ce{CuSO3 \cdot 5H2O}$ a chemical or physical change? Sorry for the trivial question. I get varying answers across the net. |
Is dehydrating copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate a chemical or physical change? |
Consider a 1:1 mixture of propane and nitrogen at $60°\mathrm{F}$ and $75\:\mathrm{psi}$. Will the propane liquefy if pressure is increased to $200\:\mathrm{psi}$? I am experimenting in the oilfield with a shallow heavy oil lease. |
Will propane liquefy under these conditions? |
How are RDM patterns for reactions in the KEGG database constructed? |
What is the origin of the transferred oxygendianion in redox reactions? |
Here is a question from my textbook:-
> Q - Give the major product formed by the heating of the following ether with HI.
> CH3
> |
> CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
According to me, The product should be this due to Delocalisation of +ve charge among the neighbouring Carbon atoms.
>... |
It's clear that automated pipetting is faster than doing it manually, but how common is it for a lab to have an automated pipetting system, and what usually are the circumstances that a lab have before they purchase such a system? |
There are a few experiments comparing the reactivity of alkali metals with cold water. Is there any purpose to use cold water? Does the temperature of water affect the reactivity of alkali metals? |
How does the temperature of water affect the reactivity of alkali metals acting on it? |
if a gamma ray hits an electron and transfers energy, does it hit that electron (ionising the atom), transfer all its energy and stop or does it pass through multiple electrons, transferring a portion of its energy each time?
i.e.) if a gamma ray has enough energy to ionise multiple atoms, will it, or will it just g... |
It's clear that [automated pipetting](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_pipetting_system) is faster than doing it manually, but how common is it for a lab to have an automated pipetting system, and what usually are the circumstances that a lab have before they purchase such a system? |
Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) is a chemical used in water treatment. If Ferric Chloride was added to a water sample (which has calcium bicarbonate alkalinity present), would the pH levels drop or increase? |
Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is used to find the energy levels in a compound but how does PL spectroscopy works? After exciting a material with a particular wavelength whether PL machine looks for photons emitted with in a range of wavelenght?
The below image was taken from [here][1].
![enter image descript... |
*If I'd state that the pH drops, would you know why?*
If you dissolve $\ce{FeCl3}$ in water, a *hexaqua* complex is formed. These complexes are known as **cation acids**:
$$\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^{3+} + H2O -> [Fe(OH)(H2O)5]^{3+} + H3O+}$$ |
Ferric chloride ($\ce{FeCl3}$) is a chemical used in water treatment. If ferric chloride is added to a water sample containing calcium bicarbonate, would the $\mathrm{pH}$ of the solution decrease or increase? |
I think the key to this question lies in the understanding of the [difference between thermodynamic and kinetic stability](http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/q/2881/4945). In this post, I find [Thomij's answer](http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/a/13697/4945) the most rigorous and enlightening.
From this you should ... |
A [superabsorbent polymer][1] sounds appropriate for this application, and the wikipedia article suggests they are used for "blocking water penetration in underground power or communications cable".
Will the water be removed from the pipe again after it has intruded, and if so do you need the seal to remain impermea... |
> For the last question, I believe the latter would be true because if
> the anions produced at the negative electrode react with the cations
> that are attracted to the electrode, the cations that are attracted to
> the electrode would not be available to accept electrons and hence the
> current would become incre... |
I tried to find info on tin toxicity but there is not much.
[Wikipedia][1] here says that it is not very poisonous; but there could be cases.
My question is: is it dangerous to say have a coffee boiled in a tin container? I know that coffee has some acidity, so it can probably react with tin.
[1]: http://e... |
Is ethanoic acid most acidic in DMSO, Water or Methanol?
I suspect that the conjugate base would be most stabilized by a polar protic solvent (meaning it's weakest in DMSO). However, both water and methanol are protic and polar. Which causes ethanoic acid to be most acidic lowest pKa. This was asked in an exam quest... |
$\Delta H_\mathrm{f}^\circ = -211.3~\mathrm{kJmol^{-1}}$
Neither source provided entropy or free energy data though but this is a start.
http://courses.chem.indiana.edu/c360/documents/thermodynamicdata.pdf
http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C507200&Units=SI&Mask=2#Thermo-Condensed |
As Klaus and I mentioned, the first reactions seem very strange from a chemical perspective, even if they are correctly balanced. This is where a chemist needs to exercise their intuition and experience.
Balancing reactions is nothing but solving a linear system of equations, so it is entirely possible to propose re... |
What are the reagents for the following reactions:
![enter image description here][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/6rQiF.png
Typically, when thinking about ketone to alkene reactions, one thinks of the Wittig reaction. However, I don't see an appropriate form of that reaction here. This was posed as a qu... |
Which substituent should be placed first (in case of alphabetisation) ?
1.**isopropyl-**
2.**methyl-**
I have come across two compounds
:***1-Methyl-3-methoxy-4isopropylbenzene*** and**1-Isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexane**
So,is "iso" taken care of in case of alphabetistion?And,is there any special criteria f... |
I'm familiar with the fact that theoretical formulae like Van der Waals equation are based on already known theory and are very frequently simplified (some equations don't include interactions between molecules for example) while the purpose of empirical equations (like polynomial equations) is just to follow experimen... |
As Klaus and I mentioned, the first reactions seem very strange from a chemical perspective, even if they are correctly balanced. This is where a chemist needs to exercise their intuition and experience.
Balancing reactions is nothing but solving a linear system of equations, so it is entirely possible to propose re... |
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