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I've been toying with different potential recipes for DIY photoresist. My current favored design is a chemically amplified resist based on PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)). For those who are unaware, a CAR works like this: a polymer is functionalized with a protecting group, and is mixed with a photoacid generator (PAG), whic... |
The detailed version of the question:
If we burn a strip of magnesium in air, there will be two main products, magnesium oxide and magnesium
nitride. If we then treat that mixture with water, the nitride ion is converted to ammonia. After boiling away
the water and ammonia, we would be left with only magnesium... |
How to find how much there is of a compound given the following information? |
Does your university have a workshop with some precision mechanics, who can handle a milling machine and a lathe to process metals and teflon?
Talk to the guys and explain them what you need. If they know their job (and I'm certain they do) they'll figure out all technical details and build it.
|
Maybe I'm just too tired right now, but didn't you mention that the absolute amount of magnesium oxide doesn't change during aqueous workup?
Isn't thus the amount of 3.22 g $\ce{MgO}$ exactly what was formed initially?
Wouldn't it be more reasonable to let the students calculate how much magnesium metal was burn... |
If the pKa of Glycerol is 14.15. How do you calculate the pH for it?
I assume that the henderson-hassleback derivative that works for weak acids and bases is not applicable here. |
What is the pKa Range for weak acids and bases? |
The detailed version of the question:
If we burn a strip of magnesium in air, there will be two main products, magnesium oxide and magnesium
nitride. If we then treat that mixture with water, the nitride ion is converted to ammonia. After boiling away
the water and ammonia, we would be left with only magnesium... |
I have rather basic knowledge of chemistry (at the level of a first year college class). But maybe somebody can still clarify with some simple words: What makes platinum a good catalyst for the electrodes of fuel cells? And why can't other materials be used? |
Why platinum used as a catalyst in fuel cell electrodes (and elsewhere)? |
The following two questions prompted me to ask this question.
1. Determine the order of the following compounds according to reactivity in Williamson Ether Synthesis.
a. $\ce{CH3CH2CH2Br}$
b. $\ce{CH2=CHCH2Cl}$
2. Which of these represent the ether($\ce{CH2=CHCH2OC3H7}$) on forming peroxide in air
a. $\c... |
Am I correct in assuming that the following is true?
$pK_a < 3$ = strong acid
$3 < pK_a < 7$ = weak acid
$7 < pK_a < 11$ = weak base
$pK_a > 11$ = strong base |
Am I correct in assuming that the following is true?
- $pK_a < 3$ is for a strong acid
- $3 < pK_a < 7$ is for a weak acid
- $7 < pK_a < 11$ is for a weak base
- $pK_a > 11$ is for a strong base |
- Is there any mnemonic that helps remembering the names of the different geometries (Shapes) that we obtain from applying the [AXE method](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory) ? |
is there any mnemonic for the AXE method? |
When we reduce Vanadium (v) using Iron(ii), why are we adding 85% Phosphoric acid?
After the above reduction, if we are going to titrate the mixture with Potassium permanganate, why are we adding dipotassiumpersulfate to the mixture before the titratioin? |
I think I realize (a part of) the answer, concerning the conditions of a redox titration of vanadium(V), for which a metavanadate, such as $\ce{NH4VO3}$ is typically used as starting material. Under acidic conditions, i.e. in the presence of 85% $\ce{H3PO4}$, the colourless $\ce{VO2+}$ is formed.
$\ce{VO3- + 2 H+ ->... |
In many electrochemistry scholarly articles/studies they talk about certain specific reactions occurring at certain voltage potentials, while in other articles they talk about current density as the determiner for which reactions happen.
Why is this? From what I know about electrical engineering you can either set ... |
Electrochemistry Question: reaction potentials versus current density? |
It goes without saying that every reduction agent has different reducing properties and strengths in terms of what sort of bond it can reduce/hydrogenate, but why does it generally follow that Hydrogen takes the place of an Oxygen molecule during a hydrogenation/reduction reaction (in the presence of the necessary hydr... |
Why does Hydrogen so easily take the place of Oxygen on organic molecules during reduction reactions? |
even it has more Oh group and still it is very weak in terms of dissolving?
please clarify me in polar and non polar solubility...
how to determine wether a compound is soluble or not in water |
Even though it has more $\ce{OH}$ groups and still it is very weak in terms of dissolving?
please clarify to me in terms of polar and non polar solubility, how to determine whether a compound is soluble or not in water. |
What is the pKa of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol? Is there a reference that contains a list of pKa values for various molecules that I can consult or is there a way to determine/estimate the pKa of this molecule if such a reference does not exist? |
What is the pKa of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol? |
It goes without saying that every reduction agent has different reducing properties and strengths in terms of what sort of bond it can reduce/hydrogenate. But, why does it generally follow that hydrogen takes the place of an oxygen molecule during a hydrogenation/reduction reaction (in the presence of the necessary hyd... |
Why does hydrogen so easily take the place of oxygen in organic molecules during reduction reactions? |
The six electronic configurations below could all be found in the matrix elements of the CI matrix at CISD level. How do I construct the 6 x 6 CI matrix composed of these six configurations and which of the elements will be zero?
How different would it be if I used MP4(SDTQ) method?
![electronic configurations](h... |
You should ask you: "For which application?". In fact there are different types of "phosphors" (most of them have no "Phosphorus" inside) for different applications and different compound were used during the evolution of CRT monitor. Different phosphors may have different advantages in terms of efficiency of the lumi... |
You should ask you: "For which application?". In fact there are different types of "phosphors" (most of them have no "Phosphorus" inside) for different applications and different compound were used during the evolution of CRT monitor. Different phosphors may have different advantages in terms of efficiency of the lumi... |
When we reduce Vanadium (V) using iron(II), why are we adding 85% Phosphoric acid?
After the above reduction, if we are going to titrate the mixture with Potassium permanganate, why are we adding dipotassiumpersulfate to the mixture before the titratioin?
>Here's the procedure:
To 5 ml of vanadium (V) solution, a... |
I am looking into the subject of water repelling and have been led to the hydrophobic subject area. I have two questions regarding this subject.
1. Is there a hydrophobic gas ?
2. If a hydrophobic liquid is heated to a gas does it loose its water repellent qualities.
Thanks for the help guys
|
Is there a hydrophobic gas? |
I live in Charleston WV. On 1/9/20114 we were told not to use our tap water for anything other than flushing the toilet after a storage facility leaked over 7,400 gallons of 4-methylcyclohexane methanol into the Elk river, less than two miles up-river from the water company's main in-take.
The CDC said that concent... |
Can TBE electrophoresis buffer be stored in a PETE container? |
I live in Charleston, WV. On 1/9/2014 we were told not to use our tap water for anything other than flushing the toilet after a storage facility leaked over 7,400 gallons of 4-methylcyclohexane methanol into the Elk river, less than two miles up-river from the water company's main in-take.
The CDC said that concent... |
The name MCHM or "4-methycycloheaxe methanol" (as newspapers reported it) is not entirely a systematic name and is a little ambiguous. The actual compound is better called 4-methylcyclohexylmethanol and the structure is shown below:![MCHM structure][1]
Specific details about its toxicity are not easy to find, thoug... |
How to know how many electrons are there in t2g and eg orbitals?
I think rather than a broad answer and example would help. So, consider the compound [Ni(CO)4] and how to calculate CFSE for it? |
I think rather than a broad answer and example would help. So, consider the compound [Ni(CO)4] and how to calculate CFSE for it? |
When I work through the following problem it is unclear to me why 0.00120 mmHg is converted to 0.00332 mmHg.
"What is the temperature of 0.00332 g of Hg in the gas phase with pressure of 0.00120 mmHg and a volume of 435 L?"
I converted the grams of Hg to moles and then used the ideal gas law constant of 62.36 to... |
Your tutor is a master of confusion :-D
Would the exercise be easier if the pressure was given in stones per square acre? ;-)
Write down the equation for the ideal gas law again. Pay attention to the units!
Don't let the mercury fool you ;-)
|
How to know how many electrons are there in $T_{2g}$ and $E_g$ orbitals?
I think rather than a broad answer, an example would help. So, consider the compound $\ce{Ni(CO)4}$ and how to calculate CFSE for it? |
How do I determine crystal field splitting (for example, for [Ni(CO)4])? |
> In the following questions use a value of 3 for π, 6 x 1023 for
> Avogadro’s number and 660 for the molecular weight of 1 bp of DNA. The
> volume of a sphere of radius r is 4/3πr3. A bacterium has a single
> copy of a 4 x106 bp circular genomic DNA.
> If the diameter of this
> spherical cell is 1 micrometer, ... |
When we cook food, we add several spices and condiments which enhance color, taste and smell. Are these spices and condiments just adsorbed on the food particles ? Or are they absorbed ? For example using pepper while cooking a piece of chicken, would it just stay on the top of the leg (adsorbed) ? Or get absorbed ? |
Spices are absorbed or adsorbed in food? |
> In the following questions use a value of 3 for π, $6$ x $10^{23}$ for
> Avogadro’s number and 660 for the molecular weight of 1 bp of DNA. The
> volume of a sphere of radius r is $4/3πr^3$. A bacterium has a single
> copy of a $4$ x $10^6$ bp circular genomic DNA.
> If the diameter of this
> spherical cell i... |
> In the following questions use a value of 3 for $\pi$, $6 \times 10^{23}$ for
> Avogadro’s number and 660 for the molecular weight of 1 bp of DNA. The
> volume of a sphere of radius r is $4/3\,πr^3$. A bacterium has a single
> copy of a $4 \times 10^6$ bp circular genomic DNA.
> If the diameter of this
> sphe... |
There are two gases in a container, some Krypton and Carbon Dioxide. If the mass of the gases is 35 grams, and total pressure of the container is 0.708 atm, and the pressure of Krypton is 0.250 atm. What is the mass of the Krypton?
It is a homework, so I decided to do it first. I've found the mole fraction of Krypto... |
This is a fundamental question, though I didn't really get the meaning/idea what does it mean by aromaticity or degree of aromaticity. Does it mean the ability of a molecule to be aromatic? |
What does it mean by degree of aromaticity of a molecule? |
Why equilibrium constant for water (kw) is temperature dependent? The value of water constant is H+ = OH- = 1.0^-14 at 25 degree. Why it is so? What is effect of temperature on this value? |
Why ionic product for water ($K_w$) is temperature dependent? The concentration of $\ce{H+}$ and $\ce{OH-}$ ions is $\ce{[H+] = [OH^{-}]} = 10.0^{-7}$ at $0^{o}C$ degree. The ionic product of water is $10.0^{-14}$. Why it is so? What is effect of temperature on this value? |
Why is the ionic product for water ($K_w$) temperature dependent? The concentration of $\ce{H+}$ and $\ce{OH-}$ ions in pure water is $\ce{[H+] = [OH^{-}]} = 1.0\times 10^{-7} M$ at $25^{o}C$, and therefore the ionic product of water at $25^{o}C$ is $1.0\times 10^{-14}$. Why it is so? What is the effect of temperature... |
#Why is water wet?
Chemically speaking saying that water is wet has not much sense.We could however say that _"Wetting process"_ is caused by the presence of a thin liquid particles layer over a material. In our specific case this depend from the chemistry of water and the chemistry of skin. So the main causes ... |
What is fire? Is it a material or energy or something else? Please explain it to me. My friend asked me this. I am stuck with this problem. |
What is the nature and character of fire? |
I usually make tea by adding two spoons of tea powder to water at room temp. and start to heat it. My friend said it will be better to add the powder once the water starts boiling. She said that it will dissolve tea more easily because of the sudden temperature difference experienced by tea powder.
Does it make a di... |
Is tea powder better dissolved when put in hot water? |
From my understanding hydrogen peroxide only reacts with bacteria in a way that it should burn them more or less.
If that is true, can I then safely use hydrogen peroxide to clean my bathroom sink which are made of porcelain?
|
Is hydrogen peroxide safe for cleaning porcelain? |
Is it possible to use diatomic carbon to utilize a new type of fuel that takes away the waste product of carbon dioxide being released into the air? |
I was doing a chemistry project to see if the pH of a carbonated solution effects the time taken for it to settle after being disrupted, and I am trying to map out the reaction when the components are combined. I was able to figure out a few, but I got stuck on Carbonic acid and lemon juice. For some reason, I was ge... |
I was doing a chemistry project to see if the pH of a carbonated solution effects the time taken for it to settle after being disrupted, and I am trying to map out the reaction when the components are combined. I was able to figure out a few, but I got stuck on Carbonic acid and lemon juice. For some reason, I was ge... |
If I can smell an object, it means that molecules of it are getting separated from it, so they can reach my nose. As far as I know, metals don't sublimate, especially not in room temperature. However, copper has a very strong and characteristic smell. Does it mean that copper will degrade pretty quickly, or are just we... |
Why can we smell copper? |
I was doing a chemistry project to see if the pH of a carbonated solution effects the time taken for it to settle after being disrupted, and I am trying to map out the reaction when the components are combined.
I was able to figure out a few, but I got stuck on carbonic acid and lemon juice. For some reason, I wa... |
Motorola has a [device that is powered by stomach acid][1]. Given that a battery consumes the electrolyte as it generates a charge, how much power could be generated using a device such as this? Let's assume the electrodes are large enough that the electrolyte is the limiting factor in this reaction. Would the body jus... |
In the following cases, the named method and basis set are not suitable for the chemical systems. Why aren't they? Could you suggest a suitable method/basis set?
***(i)***. MP2/6-31G(d) for the calculation of reaction energy of the reaction below (H2C: should be calculated in the triplet state):
***. MP2/6-31G(d) for the calculation of reaction energy of the reaction below (H2C: should be calcu... |
While hydrogen peroxide is not normally used for cleaning surfaces, there is nothing in normal glazed porcelain that it would damage. Porcelain is about as unreactive to most things as glass, which is unreactive enough to be used for the bottles that store hydrogen peroxide.
But you should probably be careful with i... |
Please help me with any/all of the cases below. In the following cases, the named method and basis set are not suitable for the chemical systems. Why aren't they? Could you suggest a suitable method/basis set?
***(i)***. MP2/6-31G(d) for the calculation of reaction energy of the reaction below (H2C: should be calcu... |
Please help me with any/all of the cases below. In the following cases, the named method and basis set are not suitable for the chemical systems. Why aren't they? Could you suggest a suitable method/basis set?
***(i)***. MP2/6-31G(d) for the calculation of reaction energy of the reaction below (H2C: should be calcu... |
I want to make electricity of aluminiun cans i.e. reverse the process of refinning aluminium. Any ideas? |
My question is, if "gas" belongs to "State of Matter" then what does "Metal" belong to.
Gas can be substituted with any state of matter; metal can be substituted with metalloid or nonmetal. I've researched this and I can't seem to find an answer to this.
Is the answer to this question like the answer to "what e... |
If "Gas" belongs to "State of Matter" then what does "Metal" belong to? |
I have the molecule 1,4benzenedimethanol :
![][1]
How could I produce two methanol molecules and one benzene molecule? (Is there a catalytic reaction method available for this?)
I'm guessing that hydrogen ions could be used to split off the methanol molecules on both sides?
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/T5A... |
Converting 1,4benzenedimethanol to benzene and methanol? |
>#What is [Metal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal)?
A metal (from Greek "μέταλλον" – métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a solid material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and features good electrical and thermal conductivity.
>#What is [State of matter](http://en.wikiped... |
I had this question from the day(9 years old, now 16) that i learned about states of matter. I have asked so many of my teachers some of them told me gas some as plasma etc. can anyone answer my question?
Recently I've learnt that plasma state is obtained when all the electrons from the atom are removed. Obviously its... |
To which state of matter does the flame belong to? |
I will not ask why you would want to do that.
You're right that the benzylic alkohol can be deprotonated. But that won't help you for the intended reaction.
Regarding the possible mechanisms, I suggest to do it on paper.
Draw the starting material and split the bonds. Draw the fragments that result from spli... |
I have the molecule 1,4-benzenedimethanol :
![][1]
How could I produce two methanol molecules and one benzene molecule? (Is there a catalytic reaction method available for this?)
I'm guessing that hydrogen ions could be used to split off the methanol molecules on both sides?
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/T5... |
Converting 1,4-benzenedimethanol to benzene and methanol? |
Would trans hydride ligands on a metal complex be beneficial for a catalyst?
Such as alkene metathesis or hydrodefluorination |
Would trans hydride ligands on a metal complex be beneficial for a catalyst? |
I had this question from the day (9 years old, now 16) that I learned about states of matter. I have asked many of my teachers, some of them told me it's a gas some that it's a plasma. Can anyone answer my question?
Recently I've learned that the plasma state is obtained when all the electrons from the atom are remo... |
I am working on an instruction manual of sorts to be used with an introductory course in thermodynamics. As an example of problem solving, I attempt to answer the following question:
> If you have little energy available, would you rather use an
> isothermal or an adiabatic process to compress a gas?
My analysi... |
I've heard that electrons are released from the clutches of nucleus in plasma state that is present in the sun. My question is " where do this electrons go ?". Do they go to product nucleus of nuclear fusion reaction in sun (ie. He)? Or do they remain on the surface of sun? |
Where do the electrons that are released in the sun go? |
>#What is [Metal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal)?
A metal (from Greek "μέταλλον" – métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a solid material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and features good electrical and thermal conductivity.
>#What is [State of matter](http://en.wikiped... |
I've heard that electrons are released from the clutches of nuclei in the plasma state that is present in the sun. My question is: **Where do these electrons go?** Do they go to the product nuclei of the nuclear fusion reaction in sun (ie. He)? Or do they remain on the surface of sun? |
How is $solubility$ different from $dissolution?$And how are they both different from $solvation$? |
Difference between solubility and dissolution? |
>#What is [Metal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal)?
A metal (from Greek "μέταλλον" – métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a solid material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and features good electrical and thermal conductivity.
>#What is [State of matter](http://en.wikiped... |
>#What is [Metal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal)?
A metal (from Greek "μέταλλον" – métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a solid material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and features good electrical and thermal conductivity.
>#What is [State of matter](http://en.wikiped... |
>#What is [Metal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal)?
A metal (from Greek "μέταλλον" – métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a solid material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and features good electrical and thermal conductivity.
>#What is [State of matter](http://en.wikiped... |
How is *solubility* different from *dissolution*? And how are they both different from *solvation*? |
>#What is [Metal](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal)?
A metal (from Greek "μέταλλον" – métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a solid material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and features good electrical and thermal conductivity.
>#What is [State of matter](http://en.wikiped... |
I'm sort of [self studying Chemistry][1]. I'm now getting stuck wrapping my head around a concept (and I realize it was the same concept I had difficulty grasping years ago) and that is **Electron Configurations**.
I know that perhaps due to the nature of chemistry it is non-intuitive. However, I want an explanation... |
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