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To make the question clear I would like to take an example. $K3[Fe(CN)6]$ and $K3[FeF6]$ shows different colors in solutions. It is given in my textbook that it is because of different number of unpaired electrons.
**But, how can the no. of unpaired electrons affect the frequency of light emitted?**
The colors of ... |
I've looked at a number of different colloidal/ionic "silver solution generators." After my research I'm under a few impressions and if they're wrong please let me know. I also am wondering what the product is that one generator sells to add to the ionic silver to create colloidal silver and is it safe to ingest?
... |
What is the process of turning ionic silver solution into coloidial silver solution? (and some other related questions) |
If I add $aq. \ce{KOH}$ to both of the compounds substitution takes place in the case of benzyl chloride and then if I oxidize with $\ce{KMnO4}$ I will get benzene carboxylic acid which will give effervescence on reaction with $\ce{NaHCO3}$. But, does $\ce{KMnO4}$ have any effect on chloro benzene? |
To make the question clear I would like to take an example. $\ce{K_3[Fe(CN)6]}$ and $\ce{K3[FeF6]}$ shows different colors in solutions. It is given in my textbook that it is because of different number of unpaired electrons.
**But, how can the no. of unpaired electrons affect the frequency of light emitted?**
The... |
I have this problem,
Liquid bromine is added to a container of sodium iodide crystals
I interpreted it with this molecular formula $\ce{Br_{2(l)} + 2NaI_{(s)} \rightarrow 2NaBr_{(s)} + I_{2(g)}}$.
From my understanding, since none of the products nor any of the reactants is aqueous, there shouldn't be a net i... |
According to the University of Wisconsin page [Coupling Reactions][1], **coupling reactions** are
> a reactant-favored reaction is linked to a product-favored reaction so that both reactions yield products.
leading to **coupled reactions** are
> When chemical reactions are coupled, the free energy released by ... |
A simplistic answer is as follows (though, please do refer to the links in the comment on the question:
According to the University of Wisconsin page [Coupling Reactions][1], **coupling reactions** are
> a reactant-favored reaction is linked to a product-favored reaction so that both reactions yield products.
... |
A simplistic answer is as follows (though, please do refer to the links in the comment on the question:
According to the University of Wisconsin page [Coupling Reactions][1], **coupling reactions** are
> a reactant-favored reaction is linked to a product-favored reaction so that both reactions yield products.
... |
A simplistic answer is as follows (though, please do refer to [the][1] [links][2] given by Greg in a comment to the question):
According to the University of Wisconsin page [Coupling Reactions][3], **coupling reactions** are
> a reactant-favored reaction is linked to a product-favored reaction so that both reacti... |
In my textbook the molecularity is defined as(along with the standard definition) the order of the rate determining step(RDS). It is also given that the order can be a fraction but molecularity is always a whole number. But, then if the order of RDS is a fraction molecularity will be a fraction which is a against the d... |
How can molecularity be the order of the rate determining step? |
[A Pail of Air][1] is a classic science fiction short story by Fritz Leiber from 1951 describing how a family survives on an Earth that has left its orbit around the sun, using desparate low-tech methods: a shelter isolated by many layers of blankets and a coal fire to thaw frozen oxygen gathered in the eponymous pails... |
Would it be possible to produce a non-toxic atmosphere using a coal fire and frozen oxygen? |
[A Pail of Air][1] is a classic science fiction short story by Fritz Leiber from 1951 describing how a family survives on an Earth that has left its orbit around the sun, using desparate low-tech methods: a shelter isolated by many layers of blankets and a coal fire to thaw frozen oxygen gathered in the eponymous pails... |
I'm trying to get my hands on some raw interferogram data from an FT-IR / FT-NIR so I can test FFT with. Here's a picture below of the data I'm looking for **highlighted in yellow**. I'm looking for Alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, but also Magnesium, Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium). Any ideas where I can get th... |
I'm trying to get my hands on some raw interferogram data from an FT-IR / FT-NIR so I can test FFT with. Here's a picture below of the data I'm looking for **highlighted in yellow**. I'm looking for Alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, but also Magnesium, Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium). Any ideas where I can get th... |
Let's say I have several plastic bottles and each is made with a different type of plastic like:
- High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or polyester)
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Post Consumer Resin (PCR)
- Polystyrene (PS)
My m... |
What type of sensor technologies exist to determine the chemical composition of a material? |
Since you ask specifically for internal energy, would it be that you already have some ideas?
So what is internal energy? It is the energy due to the interaction among the species plus the energy due to the interaction between the species and any external field. That is, the energy it takes to "assemble" the system.... |
In short, yes.
To obtain the relation between τ and v, we need the actual time evolution of the concentration of the product by solving the differential equations (DEs) and then some way to get steady-state concentration. The DEs are non-linear. So we have to find approximate solutions. [This paper][1] develops a so... |
I've looked at a number of different colloidal/ionic "silver solution generators." After my research I'm under a few impressions and if they're wrong please let me know. I also am wondering what the product is that one generator sells to add to the ionic silver to create colloidal silver and is it safe to ingest?
... |
I'm trying to get my hands on some raw interferogram data from an FT-IR / FT-NIR so I can run some tests using FFT with (it needs to be real data). Here's a picture below of the data I'm looking for **highlighted in yellow**. I'm looking for Alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, but also Magnesium, Gold, Silver, Platinum ... |
You can identify many polymers without any clever sensor technologies at all but by following a number of simple physical tests. Sensor technology might help for some of the very fine distinctions, but if you can make a broad categorisation first with simple physical tests then that is what you should do.
And, of co... |
There are a variety of different types of glue some derived from animal or natural materials and some designed by chemists. Some glues need to be before they harden and stick (many epoxies, for example) but others seem to stick very quickly without any obvious activation (like [Loctite Superglue][1] or [The Original Su... |
What is the chemical basis for superglues? |
Let's say I have several plastic bottles and each is made with a different type of plastic like:
- High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or polyester)
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Post Consumer Resin (PCR)
- Polystyrene (PS)
My missi... |
What type of sensor technologies exist to determine the chemical composition of a polymer? |
Let's say I have several plastic bottles and each is made with a different type of plastic like:
- High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or polyester)
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Post Consumer Resin (PCR)
- Polystyrene (PS)
My objec... |
I'm trying to get my hands on some raw interferogram data from an FT-IR / FT-NIR /FT-NMR so I can run some tests using FFT with (it needs to be real data). Here's a picture below of the data I'm looking for **highlighted in yellow**. I'm looking for Alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, but also Magnesium, Gold, Silver, P... |
I'm trying to get my hands on some raw interferogram data / raw FID data from an FT-IR / FT-NIR / FT-NMR so I can run some tests using FFT with (it needs to be real data). Here's a picture below of the data I'm looking for **highlighted in yellow**. I'm looking for Alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, but also Magnesium,... |
I'm trying to get my hands on some raw interferogram data / raw FID data from an FT-IR / FT-NIR / FT-NMR so I can run some tests using FFT with it (it needs to be real data). Here's a picture below of the data I'm looking for **highlighted in yellow**. I'm looking for Alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium, but also Magnesi... |
[A Pail of Air][1] is a classic science fiction short story by Fritz Leiber from 1951 describing how a family survives on an Earth that has left its orbit around the sun, using desparate low-tech methods: a shelter isolated by many layers of blankets and a coal fire to thaw frozen oxygen gathered in the eponymous pails... |
The [Wikipedia page for Mohs scale][1] shows that pyrite has a hardness of 6-7 (according to [the page on pyrite][2], it's 6-6.5) while plate glass has a hardness of 5.5 and a pocketknife has 5.1. I've cut myself on both knives and glass before, so I'd wager that pyrite should be able to slice.
The catch is that I'v... |
What eco-friendly substance can I use to write and erase on a wall for UV glowing without detection in daylight? |
Let's say I have several plastic bottles and each is made with a different type of plastic like:
- High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or polyester)
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Post Consumer Resin (PCR)
- Polystyrene (PS)
My objec... |
Let's say I have several pieces of trash and each is made with a different type of material like:
- Plastic bottle : High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Cereal box : Paperboard & Epichlorohydrin
- Shrink Wrap : Polyolefin
- Kitchen utensil : Melamine-resin
- Textiles : Urea-formaldehyde
- Crown Cork Bottl... |
Well, it seems the question has emerged to *How to design a polymer recycling plant?* ;)
Rocks and pieces of plasterboard can be separated from the rest of material by streams of compressed air along or across perforated sheets of metal in a conveyor belt: they'll keep sitting there - like a rock ;)
Plastics shou... |
In all the chemistry books and eBooks it says that "like dissolves like"... but when it comes to some molecules like ether, cellulose, vitamin A and $CO_2$, it confuses me.
If we take ether, it is true that it will not form hydrogen bonds with water when it dissolves, but they have polar bonds between $O$ and $C$ an... |
In all the chemistry books and eBooks it says that "like dissolves like"... but when it comes to some molecules like ether, cellulose, vitamin A and $\ce{CO_2}$, it confuses me.
If we take ether, it is true that it will not form hydrogen bonds with water when it dissolves, but they have polar bonds between $\ce{O}$ ... |
There are a variety of different types of glues, some derived from animal or natural materials and some designed by chemists. Some glues need to be activated before they harden and stick (many epoxies, for example) but others seem to stick very quickly without any obvious activation (like [Loctite Superglue][1] or [The... |
I think you could use some types of [Butylrubber](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyl_rubber). If I'm not wrong from Isobutylene is derived the Post-it adhesive. However you can find Butyl tape easily in every big hardware store (especially nautical) or online.
#EDIT
At this [link](http://www.exxonmobilchemical.c... |
I've looked at a number of different colloidal/ionic "silver solution generators." After my research I'm under a few impressions and if they're wrong please let me know.
I also am wondering what the product is that one generator sells to add to the ionic silver to create colloidal silver and is it safe to ingest?... |
The majority of current flat screen TVs and computer monitors are based on Liquid Crystal displays.
Liquid crystals are compounds that orient under an applied electric field and alter the polarisation of transmitted light. This can be used to build what are effectively valves that selectively transmit light.
So... |
What are the key chemical structures of liquid crystals used in display technology? |
Good day! My question is, what makes charcoal a good adsorbent to organic and non polar substances while alumina and silica are best for polar substances? Thank you very much! |
what makes charcoal a good adsorbent to organic and non polar substances while alumina and silica are best for polar substances? |
Why is M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 only used for diluting solutions? Why can it not be used to figure out how many moles to ass to make a solution more dilute? |
Why is M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 only used for diluting solutions? |
I know that you can't always trust wikipedia so I just want to check something regarding their kinetic isotope effect page...
The first example implies that C-12 and C-13 can be used to determine whether a reaction is SN1 or SN2:
"...In the nucleophilic substitution reaction of methyl bromide with cyanide, the ki... |
Why is $M_1V_1 = M_2V_2$ only used for diluting solutions? Why can it not be used to figure out how many moles to add to make a solution more dilute? |
Why is $M_1V_1 = M_2V_2$ only used for diluting solutions? |
Why is M1*V1 = M2*V2 only used for diluting solutions? |
I know that you can't always trust Wikipedia, so I just want to check something regarding their [kinetic isotope effect page][1].
The first example implies that $\sideset{^{12}}\ C$ and $\sideset{^{13}}\ C$ can be used to determine whether a reaction is $S_N1$ or $S_N2$:
> ...In the nucleophilic substitution reac... |
I know that CCSD(T) with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set for geometry optimization of omeprazol, i.e. the active substance in Losec is not suitable using the normal computers. The substance is:
omprazol Can someone explain to me what exactly makes these methods ... |
Why fluorine cannot be the central atom in inter-halogen compounds?
F-F bond is weaker than F-X bond and thus, fluorine should be happy to form inter-halogen compounds.But, why it doesn't act as the central atom?
In my textbook the reason is given to be because of the high electronegativity of fluorine atom. Bu... |
Why fluorine doesn't act as the central atom in inter halogen compounds? |
In my textbook it is written that gold sol is used for intramuscular injection. But, actually what is its use? Why would people use such a precious element for injection. Can other colloids be used like silver sol?
Note:I posted this question to get a deeper understanding of what is given in my text about the use o... |
Why is gold sol used for intra-muscular injection? |
Will this help?
[Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far?][1]
[1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988217/ |
I know that catalysts don't change chemical equilibrium because they accelerate both the reactions in the same way.
I can't understand why CFC catalysts accelerate ozone destruction but not ozon formation.
Could you help me?
Thanks a lot |
On Wikipedia, it says that Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) decomposes at temperatures above 350°C.
What are these decomposition products? I read further that Acetaldehyde is produced, but is that the only decomposition product?
Also, what compounds are produced when PET is burned? (+O2->?) |
I know the [mechanism of aldol condensation][1] and general method to determine products in [crossed aldol reactions][2], or reactions between dissimilar molecules. But the following statement in my class notes baffles me:-
> In presence of a base (alkaline medium) the $\alpha$ hydrogen of the
> lower aldehyd... |
How do you determine the migratory "aptitude" of various groups during carbocation rearrangements? Is there a experimentally determined order?
For example, what will be the product in case of the following [pinacol-pinacolone type rearrangement][1]:-
$$\ce{(cyclo-pentyl)CH3C(OH)-C(OH)(CH3)(cyclo-pentyl) ->produc... |
Will this help?
[Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far?][1]
Gold has a long tradition as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and it seems to relieve pain and decreases swelling of the joints.
[1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... |
$\ce{ROH + NaBr + H2SO4 -> RBr + NaHSO4 + H2O}$
What is exactly the reaction mechanism.
Is it $\ce{NaBr + H2SO4 -> NaHSO4 + HBr}$ and then
$\ce{HBr}$ reacts with $\ce{ROH}$?
If yes the why in the reaction of $\ce{NaBr}$ and $\ce{H2SO4}$ does $\ce{H2SO4}$ oxidise $\ce{NaBr}$? |
> HBr reacts with ROH?
Exactly. It's just a nucleophilic substitution. |
Does anyone know how to draw (predict) a hypothetical COSY NMR spectra for AMX spin system (the spin of A M X nuclei is 1/2)?
Thank you very much! |
A COSY NMR problem. How to draw the spectra? |
Are there natural condition that could enable the formation of noble gas compounds? |
My question is, what makes charcoal a good adsorbent to organic and non polar substances while alumina and silica are best for polar substances? |
What makes charcoal a good adsorbent to organic and non polar substances while alumina and silica are best for polar substances? |
Why can't fluorine be the central atom in inter-halogen compounds?
A $\ce{F-F}$ bond is weaker than a $\ce{F-X}$ bond and thus, fluorine should be happy to form inter-halogen compounds. But, why doesn't it act as the central atom?
In my textbook, the reason given is because of the high electronegativity of fluo... |
Why fluorine doesn't act as the central atom in inter-halogen compounds? |
I know that catalysts don't change chemical *equilibrium* because they accelerate both the reactions in the same way.
I can't understand why CFC catalysts accelerate ozone destruction but not ozone formation.
Could you help me?
|
I know that the best source of lye is hardwood. A brief search tells me that Bamboo is considered a hardwood of the monocotyledon variety. I've done a lot of searching to find this answer, but I can't seem to find if I can use the same process with bamboo ash as I would with, say, Apple ash, to extract lye.
My ques... |
Can lye be extracted from bamboo ash? |
Are there natural conditions that could enable the formation of noble gas compounds? |
I have read many books on standard electrode potential and they define the term in various ways but I just can't seem to get an intuitive idea of it...
$Cu^2+ 2e^- \longrightarrow Cu$
Standard electrode potential, $E= 0.34V$
Does this mean that when 1C of charge passes from the hydrogen half cell to copper hal... |
Does the 1958 Nature paper by [Kendrew][1] include any useful details? (Sorry, I'm behind a paywall right now).
[1]: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/181662a0
|
I'm trying to read this chemical formula but I'm a bit confused. I'm hoping that someone could help break this down for me to explain what the various parts mean. Someone purchased epigallocatechin in a purchase request and I found that it's synonymous with the following.
(−)-cis-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-3
I be... |
I'm trying to read this chemical formula but I'm a bit confused. I'm hoping that someone could help break this down for me to explain what the various parts mean. Someone purchased epigallocatechin in a purchase request and I found that it's synonymous with the following.
(−)-cis-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihyd... |
I'm trying to read [this chemical formula][1] but I'm a bit confused. I'm hoping that someone could help break this down for me to explain what the various parts mean. Someone purchased *epigallocatechin* in a purchase request and I found that it's synonymous with the following.
**(−)-cis-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-... |
How to read a given chemical formula? |
Klaus's answer has all the right explanations but I always find these things hard to follow without pictures, so here are some to clarify.
Note that in the pictures below we don't explicitly draw carbons or the hydrogens attached to them (we just mentally add enough hydrogens to make the number of bonds to each carb... |
It seems that the terms mass spectrometry, mass spectroscopy, and mass spectrography are mostly used like synonyms. Is this correct? Or is there a difference? |
What's the difference between mass spectrometry, mass spectroscopy, and mass spectrography? |
Anaerobic digestion and methanisation of organic feedstocks is a complex series of processes that result in biogas. One way to look at this is a very top-down, stochiometric approach as in the Buswell equation
$$
C_aH_bO_c + (a-\frac{b}{4}-\frac{c}{2})H_2O \rightarrow (\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{8}-\frac{c}{4})CH_4+(\frac{... |
Based on some physics backgrounds, here I want to know whether have we synthesized these two materials Na$_x$IrO$_2$ and NaOsO$_2$ in lab and what properties do they have?
I will be very appreciated if anyone can recommend some relevant articles to me, thank you very much. |
Do these compounds Na$_x$IrO$_2$ and NaOsO$_2$ exist? |
Based on some physics background, I want to know whether have we synthesized these two materials: $\ce{Na_{x}IrO2}$ and $\ce{NaOsO2}$ in the lab, if so, what properties do they have?
I will be very appreciative if anyone can recommend some relevant articles to me. |
I want to convert terephthalic acid (TPA) to an alcohol (however I think the correct term would be "a phenol")
![Terephthalic acid][1]
I've read that Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (LiAlH4) can produce an alcohol from a carboxylic acid. And, according to Wikipedia, dicarboxylic acids (such as TPA) react around the... |
Reduction of terephthalic acid to alcohol (or phenol?) |
What is an equivalent? |
What is the pka of 2-methyl, 4-pentanediol? |
I want to convert terephthalic acid (TPA) to an alcohol (however I think the correct term would be "a phenol").
![Terephthalic acid][1]
I've read that Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate ($\ce{LiAlH4}$) can produce an alcohol from a carboxylic acid. And, according to Wikipedia, dicarboxylic acids (such as TPA) react ar... |
If the pKa of Glycerol is 14.15.
Does this mean the pKb=-0.15?
Using the quadratic to obtain a pH from a pKb.
A 1M solution of glycerol would have a pH of 13.8. Is this correct? |
What is the pH of 1M Glycerol? |
The following two questions prompted me to ask this question.
1. Determine the order of the following compounds according to reactivity in Williamson Ether Synthesis.
a. $\ce{CH3CH2CH2Br}$
b. $\ce{CH2=CHCH2Cl}$
2. Which of these represent the ether($\ce{CH2=CHCH2OC3H7}$) on forming peroxide in air
a. $\c... |
What is the pka of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol? Is there a reference that contains a list of pKa values for various molecules that I can consult or is there a way to determine/estimate the pKa of this molecule if such a reference does not exist? |
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