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[ { "content": "energy measurements of giant air showers demonstrated the existence of a distinctive structure , the @xmath4 , in the differential energy spectrum of the cosmic radiation above @xmath10 . \n figure 1 shows the energy spectrum measured by four experiments [ 1,2,3,4 ] at these extreme energies . \n ...
[ { "content": "palomar 6 ( @xmath5 = 17@xmath6 44@xmath7 , @xmath8 = @xmath426@xmath9 13@xmath10 ; @xmath11 = 2.1@xmath9 , @xmath12 = 1.8@xmath9 ; j2000 ) is a globular cluster @xmath1 0.8 kpc from the galactic center and @xmath1 0.2 kpc from the plane ( harris 1996 ) . since it lies near the galactic center , ...
[ { "content": "in order to exploit the new generation of massively parallel supercomputers that are becoming available , weather and climate models will require good parallel scalability . \n this requirement has driven the development of numerical methods that do not depend on the orthogonal coordinate system a...
[ { "content": "in the special theory of relativity ( srt ) the rotation of the reference frame , contrary to the translation , has an absolute character and can be locally measured by the foucault s pendulum or by the sagnac experiment . \n indeed , this peculiarity of rotation , inherited by newtonian physics ,...
[ { "content": "the influential paper of navarro , frenk & white @xcite proposed a universal , broken power - law profile for dark matter halos in cold dark matter ( cdm ) cosmologies . \n the dependence of @xmath3 on distance from the halo center was found to be well described by a two - parameter family of dist...
[ { "content": "a 3 + 1 decomposition of einstein s equations results in a set of constraint equations , which constrain the gravitational fields at all instants of coordinate time , and a set of evolution equations , which propagate the fields forward in time ( e.g. ) . \n the four constraint equations can cons...
[ { "content": "understanding the mechanism underlying quark confinement from the first principle of qcd is still a challenging problem in theoretical particle physics @xcite . as a possible step towards this goal \n , it will be efficient to extract the dominant field mode @xmath2 responsible for confinement fro...
[ { "content": "the field of micro - machining is forcing a profound redefinition of the nature and attributes of electronic devices . \n this technology allows fabrication of a variety of on - chip fully integrated micromechanical sensors and actuators with a rapidly growing range of applications . in many cases...
[ { "content": "the recent explosion@xcite of research on the electronic properties of single layer and stacked multilayer graphene sheets has been driven by advances in material preparation methods@xcite , by the unusual@xcite electronic properties of these materials including unusual quantum hall effects@xcite ...
[ { "content": "a localized excess of emission in the microwave region was first detected in the @xmath0/dmr data and was initially attributed to free free emission ( kogut et al . \n 1996a , 1996b ) . \n since then this anomalous emission has been detected by a number of authors ( de oliveira - costa et al . \n...
[ { "content": "the non - abelian gauge theory is renormalizable in the sense that one can send the momentum cutoff infinity while keeping the strength of the interaction finite . in such a theory with an infinite cutoff , any observable \n must be renormalized one and hence in gauge theory how to construct renor...
[ { "content": "there is an increasing interest in high - current applications of ion linacs , such as the transformation of radioactive waste , the production of tritium , and fusion drivers . \n high currents of the order of 100 ma restrict beam losses below 1 ppm . \n thorough studies are necessary to unders...
[ { "content": "reaction diffusion processes are of wide interest in physics , chemistry and biology @xcite . in physics \n they present a relatively simpler case of non equilibrium stochastic processes with non trivial behaviour . \n traditionally they have been studied via mean field type methods ( e.g. law of ...
[ { "content": "one of the most intriguing questions of astrophysics and astronomy is the origin of the elements in the early universe , and how this relates to the first formation of structure . \n about 200,000 years after the big bang the epoch of structure formation emerged and the first stars were born from ...
[ { "content": "in this section , we show the derivation of the exact bethe - schwinger cavity perturbation formula , analogous to the approach by @xcite . \n afterwards , we discuss how small approximations result in equation ( [ eq : bs ] ) of the main text . \n we note , that the calculation of the different c...
[ { "content": "the noncovalent cooperative effects in structure formation processes on mesoscopic scales let linear polymers be very interesting objects for studies of the statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of nucleation processes , even on a fundamental level . \n structural properties of polymers can typ...
[ { "content": "the concept of dimensions with regard to stochastic processes has been studied in various contexts . for example \n , motoo and watanabe @xcite considered a class @xmath0 of martingale additive functionals of general markov processes , and proved that there exists a basis @xmath1 of @xmath0 such ...
[ { "content": "under irradiation of microwaves dramatic new effects occur in two - dimensional electron systems ( 2des ) in gaas - algaas heterostructures previously used to study quantum hall effects ( qhe).@xcite as first reported by zudov _ \n et al._,@xcite and also by ye _ \n et al._,@xcite in the millimete...
[ { "content": "there is compelling evidence for the existence of dark matter in the universe . already in 1933 , @xcite had collected enough data to postulate the presence of more mass than what could be inferred from visible galaxies . over the past 80 years , additional observations ranging from the rotation c...
[ { "content": "a transition - edge sensor ( tes ) is a thin superconducting film that can be used as a sensitive thermometer when voltage biased within the normal metal - superconducting transition region and read out with superconducting squid sensors @xcite . \n tes based devices are used as extremely sensitiv...
[ { "content": "big bang nucleosynthesis ( bbn ) remains one of the most successful probes of early times in the hot big bang cosmology . \n standard bbn ( sbbn ) assumes the standard model proposition of only three massless light neutrinos , leaving the primordial element abundances characterized by only one par...
[ { "content": "to obtain the estimates of the fisher information , for the post - selected two - photon input state as plotted in fig . 3 of the main text , \n the probability functions for each of the outcomes were first estimated . theoretically , the probability functions are : @xmath74 , \\\\ p\\left(|\\del...
[ { "content": "since the large hadron collider ( lhc ) started its run , many experimental results have come out that have provided an opportunity to carry out further investigation of the phenomenology of qcd - based effective theories . \n nonrelativistic qcd ( nrqcd ) is one of the most successful effective t...
[ { "content": "[ secintro ] of all the topological defects @xcite , which may have been formed during phase transitions in the early universe , cosmic strings @xcite are those which have attracted most attention from a cosmological point of view . \n they were introduced into cosmology some 20 years ago by ki...
[ { "content": "the standard cosmology was lack of a mechanism to produce cosmological perturbations . in order to compensate for this flaw in the standard model , there are currently two main paradigms for structure formation inflation @xcite and topological defects @xcite . while the beauty and simplicity of t...
[ { "content": "the top quark condensation is an attractive idea that explains the electroweak symmetry breaking in the absence of fundamental scalar bosons , and gives an understanding of that the top quark mass is of the order of the electroweak scale @xcite . \n bardeen , hill and lindner ( bhl ) have propose...
[ { "content": "for @xmath0 a closed surface and @xmath2 two regularly homotopic generic immersions , we are interested in the number mod 2 of quadruple points occurring in generic regular homotopies between @xmath3 and @xmath4 . \n it has been shown in [ n1 ] that this number is the same for all such regular hom...
[ { "content": "the study of patterns in permutations is one of the most active trends of research in combinatorics . \n the richness of the notion of permutation patterns is especially evident from its plentiful appearances in several very different disciplines , such as algebra , geometry , analysis , theoretic...
[ { "content": "the lhc has recently provided tentative evidence for a standard model higgs boson in the mass range of @xmath4 . \n the hints for the higgs boson comes from several independent analyses . \n first , both atlas and cms find @xmath5 excesses in the @xmath6 channel that favor the mass range of 120 to...
[ { "content": "ever since being proposed by pauli , neutrinos have been a sort of fascinating puzzle for the physicists . \n the recent observation of non zero leptonic mixing angle @xmath0 @xcite-@xcite has provided significant boost to the sharpening of implications of the neutrino oscillations and has added a...
[ { "content": "the heider balance @xcite is a final state of personal relations between members of a society , reached when these relations evolve according to some dynamical rules . \n the relations are assumed to be symmetric , and they can be friendly or hostile . the underlying psycho - sociological mechanis...
[ { "content": "coulomb disorder plays dominant role in determining thermodynamic and kinetic properties of doped semiconductors due to its long - range nature . \n @xcite this physics becomes especially intriguing in the context of dirac materials , namely solid state systems that host quasiparticles with linear...
[ { "content": "during vertebrate development , segmentation of the continually elongating embryonic body axis occurs rhythmically and sequentially from head to tail in a process termed somitogenesis @xcite . \n somites are regularly sized cell clusters that bud off periodically from the anterior end of the poste...
[ { "content": "a realistic model of the galactic magnetic field ( gmf ) is needed for various applications , such as direct dark matter searches , studies of cosmic rays , and others . \n in particular , the gmf plays a crucial role in the propagation of ultra - high energy cosmic rays ( uhecrs)those with energi...
[ { "content": "in his pioneering work , alan turing @xcite showed that stable spatial patterns can develop in reaction - diffusion systems which include chemical species ( morphogens ) with different diffusion constants . considering a system of two chemical species with concentrations @xmath0 and @xmath1 in one...
[ { "content": "network structures have appeared for a long time , and along with them are those who behave abnormally within the system . \n we refer to these people or their illegal activities as anomalies . with respect to financial transactional networks \n , anomalies can include those who execute fraudulent...
[ { "content": "cosmology , especially its observational sector , is currently a thriving field of physics . on \n the theoretical side opinions have converged to what is nowadays dubbed _ cosmological concordance model _ ( ccm ) . \n but , despite of all the successes of this model in describing different cosmol...
[ { "content": "suppose the president of a bank , alice , wants to give access to a vault to two vice presidents , bob and charlie , who are not entirely trusted . instead of giving the combination to any one individual , it may be desirable to distribute information in such a way that no vice president alone has...
[ { "content": "rs ophiuchi ( rs oph ) is a well - observed recurrent nova ( recurrence period @xmath9 20 years ) and is one of the ten confirmed recurrent novae that belong to our galaxy ( kato @xmath10 hachisu 2012 , schaefer 2010 ) . \n the rs oph system is composed of a massive ( @xmath9 1.35 m@xmath8 , kato ...
[ { "content": "with the rapid progress in the preparation and measurement techniques for isolated cold gases @xcite investigating the fundamental questions of if and how a closed quantum many - body system prepared in a nonequilibrium initial state approaches a stationary one is within experimental reach . study...
[ { "content": "electrical detection of ferromagnetic resonance ( fmr ) in ferromagnets ( fm ) is a powerful new experimental tool which has transformed the research on spin and magnetization dynamics . \n @xcite over the past few years , this technique has generated a great deal of interest in the communities of...
[ { "content": "suppose @xmath14 is an elliptic surface defined over a number field @xmath1 , so @xmath2 is a smooth projective curve and all but finitely many fibers @xmath15 , @xmath16 , are smooth elliptic curves . \n we let @xmath17 denote the nron - tate canonical height of @xmath18 viewed as an elliptic cur...
[ { "content": "artificially engineered _ metamaterials _ have unique electromagnetic ( em ) properties , which are of great interest both from the basic physics viewpoint and for numerous applications @xcite . in such media , \n the effective permittivity @xmath0 and permeability @xmath1 is such that , in certai...
[ { "content": "a control of processes of quantum tunneling through potential barriers by external signals is a part of the field called quantum control which is actively developed now , see , for example , ref . \n @xcite and references therein . \n excitation of molecules , when one should excite only particula...
[ { "content": "consider the following scenario : we have a simple network consisting of two routes connecting @xmath0 to @xmath1 , see figure [ fig:4roads ] . \n each route consists of two roads . \n roads @xmath2 and @xmath3 are identical , as are roads @xmath4 and @xmath5 . \n traffic is unidirectional in the...
[ { "content": "the hot and dense matter expected to be formed in the partonic phase after ultra - relativistic heavy ion collisions dynamically evolve in space and time due to high internal pressure . consequently the system cools and reverts back to hadronic matter from the partonic phase . just after the forma...
[ { "content": "we study geometry of 3-dimensional spaces which are isometric gluing of ( ideal and hyper - ideal ) tetrahedra in hyperbolic spaces . \n our main focus is on the rigidity of these spaces . \n the metrics of these spaces are given by the lengths of edges of tetrahedra ( in the underlying triangulat...
[ { "content": "the epoch of reionization marks the second major change in the ionization state of the universe . \n reionization begins when the first sources of neutral hydrogen ( ) ionizing photons form within dark matter potential wells and start building an ionization region around themselves , the so - call...
[ { "content": "if @xmath0 is a set of matroids , then let @xmath1 be the set of matroids such that @xmath6 if and only if @xmath7 has no minor isomorphic to a member of @xmath0 . \n thus , if @xmath8 , then @xmath9 is the set of graphic matroids of planar graphs . hall s \n classical theorem on the graphs withou...
[ { "content": "shear bands are narrow zones of intense shear observed during the dynamic deformation of many metals at high strain rates . \n shear localization forms a striking instance of material instability , often preceding rupture , and its study has attracted considerable attention in the mechanics _ e.g....
[ { "content": "understanding the physical properties of baryonic matter above nuclear saturation density is one of the fundamental challenges in modern nuclear astrophysics . \n many aspects of neutron stars ( e.g. , the mass - radius relation , cooling and rotational dynamics , glitches and pulsar kicks ) depen...
[ { "content": "hysteresis is the history dependence of the properties of a material when driven by an applied external field @xcite . \n it is observed in many different systems in non - equilibrium conditions . in general \n it is a dynamical effect which must be treated within a time - dependent formalism . he...
[ { "content": "a rich diversity in network latency and packet loss rates have become essential for experimental evaluation of bittorrent and other communication protocols used in the internet . \n the need for such a diversity in network latency and packet loss rates is because of the heterogeneous nature of the...
[ { "content": "the dominant thermal flux during type i bursts and superbursts offer an ideal opportunity for studying neutron star ( ns ) properties through spectral measurements of their photospheres ( e.g. london , taam & howard 1984 , 1986 ; foster , ross & fabian 1987 ) . though never confirmed , the reports...
[ { "content": "the study of instabilities in low dimensional strongly correlated electron systems has received much attention in the last few years . \n one of the main reasons is that a charge instability phenomenon ( phase separation ( ps ) ) often shows up in the vicinity of the superconducting transition in ...
[ { "content": "in their recent studies dorey , dunning and tateo ( ddt ) [ 1 ] have considered the manifestly non - hermitian schrdinger equation , in @xmath4 units , @xmath5 \\,{\\large \\psi } \n _ { k,\\ell } ( r)=e_{k,\\ell } { \\large \\psi } % _ { k,\\ell } ( x).\\ ] ] they have rigorously proved that the ...
[ { "content": "the tested device consists in a system of electrodes designed to hold an electron in a well - defined position over the liquid helium surface . \n a single electron transistor ( set ) located below the electron is used to monitor its quantum state . \n the whole structure is represented in fig.[sa...
[ { "content": "let @xmath1 be the @xmath0-dimensional euclidean space endowed with standard norm @xmath4 and inner product @xmath5 . \n we denote the set of full rank lattices by @xmath6 , where a ( full rank ) _ lattice _ @xmath2 of @xmath1 is a set of the form @xmath7 with @xmath8 . \n the columns of @xmath9 a...
[ { "content": "the mathematical technique of fourier transform has ubiquitous usage in physics . to demonstrate fourier transform , there are experiments available which use electronic circuits , computer programs@xcite,@xcite and bass guitar strings@xcite . in this paper \n , we present a _ \n mechanical _ mean...
[ { "content": "the famous hubble expansion drives more distant objects to recede faster from us . \n recent observations of supernovae argue that this expansion is in fact accelerating , implying an existence of dark energy with negative pressure @xcite . \n this dark energy , which contributes two third of ener...
[ { "content": "one of the strongest lines of evidence for an accelerating universe is the observation that @xmath6 type ia supernovae ( sne ia ) are @xmath7 mag fainter than predicted by an @xmath8 cosmology ( riess et al . \n 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 \n ; riess 2000 ) . \n however , there are several eff...
[ { "content": "ghost imaging with thermal light @xcite has been studied extensively in recent years . \n bennink and coworkers @xcite first pointed out that ghost imaging can also be realized using a classical source with the appropriate correlations . \n a thermal or quasi - thermal source can exhibit such a cl...
[ { "content": "gravitational lensing has the ability to probe the internal mass distributions of galaxies at cosmological distances . \n the ability to form complete samples , based solely on mass , has allowed studies of the formation and evolution of early - type galaxies at intermediate redshifts ( e.g. @xcit...
[ { "content": "human beings are adept and drawing context - sensitive associations and inferences across a broad range of situations ranging from the mundane to the creative inferences that lead to scientific discovery . \n such reasoning has a strong pragmatic character and is transacted with comparatively scar...
[ { "content": "multiplayer non - cooperative game theory is a mathematical formulation of competition in which players compete against one another to obtain some resource or reward [ 1 ] . at its most abstract level \n a game is simply a mapping , via some function , of the elements of one set to another . \n al...
[ { "content": "the random - field ising model ( rfim ) at zero temperature is a prototype of many disordered systems which exhibit hysteretic and jerky behavior when an external parameter ( _ e.g. _ magnetic field , pressure , strain ) is slowly changed@xcite . \n this behavior is related to the existence of a c...
[ { "content": "black holes are defined by their horizons . \n there are different types of black hole horizons that can be used in different situations . \n what type of horizon is relevant may depend on the question being asked . in black hole thermodynamics \n the area of the black hole plays a role analogous ...
[ { "content": "early - type galaxies form the dominant population in the core of all galaxy clusters with few or no exceptions from low redshift to @xmath0 , from poor to rich clusters . \n the uniformity of the properties of early - type galaxies provide important tools , such as the fundamental plane and the ...
[ { "content": "understanding the interaction among nucleons is one of the most important issues in particle and nuclear physics . \n in particular , the properties of the three nucleon force ( tnf ) are the forefront of not only particle / nuclear physics but also astro physics . for the binding energies of ligh...
[ { "content": "excitable media denotes a class of systems that share a set of features which make their dynamical behavior qualitatively similar . \n these features include ( i ) the existence of two characteristic dynamical states , comprising a stable _ resting state _ and a metastable _ excited state _ , ( ii...
[ { "content": "compact groups ( hereafter cgs ) have been puzzling astronomers for a number of years . how can a few bright galaxies coexist within less than 100 kpc ? \n cgs may have formed early , and have managed to survive the merging instability ( @xcite ; athanassoula , in these proceedings ) or else forme...
[ { "content": "given @xmath0 and @xmath1 , let @xmath2 be a fixed oriented , connected and compact surface of genus @xmath3 with @xmath4 boundary components . \n we denote by @xmath5 the group of orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of @xmath2 which restrict to the identity on the boundary . the _ mapping clas...
[ { "content": "the method of x - ray absorption spectroscopy ( xas ) is one of the widely used spectroscopic tools for electronic structure investigations in condensed matter physics @xcite . \n it is based on the absorption of the x - ray photons when core shell electron is transferred into the unoccupied vale...
[ { "content": "it is well known that the electroweak standard model and many of its extensions have the potential to support string like configurations that are the particle physics analogs of vortices or magnetic flux tubes in condensed matter physics . \n such objects are usually called _ cosmic strings _ to...
[ { "content": "ultraluminous x - ray sources ( ulxs ) are nonnuclear , point - like x - ray sources in external galaxies with an apparent luminosity over the eddington limit of a stellar - mass black hole , which is typically @xmath3 ergs s@xmath1 for a 20 @xmath4 black hole . \n those with variability on time ...
[ { "content": "this study is the fourth in a series of papers exploring the structure of the region kr 140 and its associated star - forming activity . in @xcite ves 735 , the o - star powering the region was examined . \n a second paper , @xcite , was a multiwavelength study of the structure , energetics , an...
[ { "content": "in recent years fractional calculus ( fc ) and fractional differential equations ( fde ) became very popular in many areas of science . \n the books dedicated to the applications of fdes published in 2010 - 2011 include @xcite in physics in general , @xcite in modeling and control , @xcite in visc...
[ { "content": "let @xmath1 be a closed simply connected symplectic @xmath0-manifold and let @xmath2 be a symplectic form on @xmath1 , i.e. a closed , nondegenerate @xmath3-form . \n a closed ( oriented ) embedded surface @xmath4 is called + - _ symplectic _ if @xmath5 restricts to a symplectic form on @xmath6 , ...
[ { "content": "type ia supernovae ( sne ia ) have been widely believed to be a thermonuclear explosion of a mass - accreting white dwarf ( wd ) ( e.g. , @xcite for a recent review ) . \n however , the immediate progenitor binary systems have not been identified yet ( @xcite ) . \n there exist two models discusse...
[ { "content": "although we have yet to obtain a microscopic solution of the kondo lattice problem that serves as a model for heavy electron materials , thanks to a recent phenomenological analysis @xcite of decades of experimental efforts on heavy electron behavior , we now have an experiment - based model for t...
[ { "content": "the collapse of a wave function is an undeniable feature of individual quantum mechanical systems . \n however , the collapse of a state along a @xmath0 = constant surface of an arbitrary coordinate system is unbelievable , inasmuch as nature does not recognize a surface that is so obviously const...
[ { "content": "recently , there has been an increasing interest in using magnetic beads in separation of , say , biochemical species in microfluidic systems @xcite . the principle is to have biochemically functionalized polymer beads with inclusions of superparamagnetic nanometersize particles of , for example ,...
[ { "content": "in the standard cosmological model , the large - scale structure in the density field grows from small initial perturbations through the mechanism of gravitational instability . \n statistical measures of this structure can be used to both verify the growth mechanism ( see e.g. , bernardeau 2002 a...
[ { "content": "the new generation of high - angular resolution cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) ground - based experiments represented by the the atacama cosmology telescope ( act ) @xcite and the south pole telescope ( spt ) @xcite are currently targeting their observations in a common area in the southern s...
[ { "content": "up to now the standard model ( sm ) managed to pass all the experimental challenges unscathed , providing an overall good description of particle physics up to the energy scales probed in experiments so far , namely hundreds of gev . \n the higgs boson , the last missing building block of the sm ,...
[ { "content": "the process of forming collimated jets / outflows due to disk accretion onto central compact objects is thought to depend on how magnetic fields behave when they are swirled around by the accretion disk . \n the progress of understanding this process has , however , been hindered by the significan...
[ { "content": "as it is known , the dark matter problem arose from analysis of astronomical data when considerable discrepancy between orbital velocities of stellar objects at periphery of large galaxies compared to velocities calculated for usual gravitational fields has been found ( see , for instance , review...
[ { "content": "cantilevers of micrometer size are nowadays present in many applications , ranging from chemical and biological sensors@xcite to scanning probe microscopy@xcite . in many cases , these tiny mechanical systems operate in a fluid environment ( air or water for instance ) which has a great influence ...
[ { "content": "for a self - ignited tokamak plasma , confinement of alpha particles is a crucial issue . \n the alpha particles must effectively heat the bulk plasma without a spontaneous loss . \n alpha particles heat electrons first and then ions through electron - ion thermal equilibriation . \n recent gyroki...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of the higgs boson @xcite special effort has been made to determine its properties . \n the motivation for such an effort resides on understanding the mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking . at present , \n several aspects of the higgs boson are to some extent well known ...
[ { "content": "di - boson production processes are important channels to test the standard model ( sm ) at the lhc . \n they have been studied intensively in the past years both from the theoretical and the experimental side . as a signal , they are sensitive to triple gauge boson couplings , and therefore , pr...
[ { "content": "complex oxide heterostructures have been the subject of many recent papers , both experimental and theoretical , as their interesting interface properties promise to pave the way towards novel electronic devices . with the current available experimental techniques oxide thin films \n can be produc...
[ { "content": "peg solitaire is one of the earliest known puzzles , with a 300 year history . \n the puzzle consists of a game board together with a number of pegs , or more commonly marbles . \n the board contains a grid of holes in which these pegs or marbles are placed . \n figure [ fig1 ] shows the two most...
[ { "content": "in the last decade , multiphysics astrophysical simulations have increased exponentially in both sophistication and size @xcite ; however , the software tools to mine those simulations have not kept pace . \n typically , methods for examining data suffer from a lack of agility , discouraging explo...
[ { "content": "quantization is a phenomenon that changes our bright classical perspective into a bit uncertain and at first sight rather nonintuitive picture . \n this picture , however , is more rigorous than the classical one , possesses many fascinating features and has produced a lot of successful prediction...
[ { "content": "positronium ( ps ) , the electron - positron bound state , was discovered experimentally in 1951 @xcite . since that time \n a lot of attention has been paid to the determination of its properties , including lifetime , decay modes , and spectroscopy . \n the experimental and theoretical accuracie...
[ { "content": "to explain the formation of active galactic nucleus ( agn ) jets and other astrophysical jets , various models have been proposed . among them , the magnetohydorodynamic ( mhd ) model is one of the most promising models , since it can explain both the acceleration and the collimation of the jets (...
[ { "content": "the rotation of rigid bodies often displays interesting instability problems . \n bodies with three different inertia moments are well known to have unstable rotation about the intermediate axis @xcite , as commonly observed from acrobatic jumps or dives . \n throwing a tennis racket provides an ...
[ { "content": "observations of protostellar systems and their prominent jets and outflows suggest that accretion disks start to form very early during the main accretion phase . \n these disks live much longer than the central protostar needs to build up most of its mass . when the initial protostellar core is d...
[ { "content": "several cobalt - based low - dimensional compounds and rare - earth - based pyrochlore oxides exhibit fascinating magnetic properties such as magnetic field ( @xmath9 ) induced spin order - disorder transition @xcite , 1/3 magnetization plateau in the @xmath12(@xmath9 ) curve @xcite , quantum phas...