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[ { "content": "applications of perturbation theory in quantum mechanics require summations over a complete set of states of the lowest - order hamiltonian . \n usually , the relevant spectrum is innumerable . in practical applications such eigenspectra \n are often modeled using finite basis sets , chosen to be ...
[ { "content": "in this paper we classify holomorphic selfmaps of the complex projective plane @xmath0 that are integrable in the quite specific sense that they preserve an algebraic web . \n recall that an _ algebraic web _ is given by a reduced curve @xmath1 , where @xmath2 is the dual projective plane consisti...
[ { "content": "elemental and isotopic abundances are the fossils of galactic archaeology . different elements are produced from stars on different timescales , therefore elemental and isotopic abundance ratios provide independent information on the `` age '' of a system and can be used as a form of `` cosmic clo...
[ { "content": "bhabha scattering is an important process for extracting physics from experiments at electron - positron colliders primarily because it provides an effective means for determining luminosity . \n these measurements depend on having precise theoretical predictions for the bhabha scattering cross se...
[ { "content": "the study of damped lyman @xmath0 systems ( dlas ) is of great interest for numerous fields in astrophysics ( cf . \n petitjean , these proceedings ) , including nucleosynthesis and the chemical evolution of galaxies and the universe at large . \n in addition to investigations on the metallicity e...
[ { "content": "the relative abundance of exactly solvable models makes the one - dimensional ( 1d ) systems a unique testing ground for new concepts in condensed matter physics . however , during the last two decades the purely academical purpose of 1d studies transformed into an applied science as such extremel...
[ { "content": "this is the second paper in a sequence of papers devoted to the relations between higher categories and @xmath3-fold loop space theory . in the first paper \n @xcite we developed the necessary categorical techniques which allow us to go back and forth between @xmath3-operads and classical symmetri...
[ { "content": "the control of the star formation efficiency ( sfe ) by turbulence is a central issue in our present understanding of star formation , and currently a topic of intense study ( see , e.g. , the reviews by * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n in recent years , several groups have studied the sfe of molecular c...
[ { "content": "in the last part of the twentieth century , cosmology became a precision science getting observational data with an accuracy comparable with the data obtained through the standard model . \n the last data arising from observations confirm that our universe is accelerating due to the existence of s...
[ { "content": "the nflation model of dimopoulos et al . \n @xcite corresponds to a collection of uncoupled massive fields which drive inflation via the assisted inflation mechanism @xcite . \n the existence of multiple fields is motivated by the axions of string theory , and their presence enables sufficient inf...
[ { "content": "wolf - rayet ( wr ) stars are characterized by broad emission lines that are indicative of fast stellar winds and high mass loss rates . \n the fast stellar wind sweeps up the ambient medium into a dense expanding shell , called a wind - blown bubble . \n wind - blown bubbles in a homogeneous medi...
[ { "content": "for a finite set @xmath3 let @xmath4 be the set of probability distributions on @xmath3 . \n a _ specification g _ \n ( also commonly known as a @xmath1-function ) is a measurable function from @xmath5 to @xmath4 . \n a specification @xmath1 is _ regular _ if there exists @xmath6 such that for eve...
[ { "content": "let @xmath5 be a smooth bounded strictly convex region in the plane , and let @xmath6 be the eigenvalues , with multiplicity , of the dirichlet problem for the laplacian on @xmath5 : @xmath7 in the spirit of @xcite ) we will define the _ wave trace _ of the dirichlet laplacian @xmath0 to be the su...
[ { "content": "given a potential @xmath1 , with @xmath2 , the surface defined by @xmath1 is called the potential energy landscape ( pel ) of the given system @xcite . \n the special points of a pel , defined by the solutions of the equations @xmath3 for @xmath4 , provide important information about the pel . \n ...
[ { "content": "10 url # 1#1urlprefix[2][]#2 aad g _ \n et al . _ ( atlas collaboration ) 2012 _ phys.lett . _ * b716 * 129 ( _ preprint _ )", "role": "user" }, { "content": "in this talk the methods and computer tools which were used in our recent calculation of the three - loop standard model renor...
[ { "content": "in order to understand the fundamental mechanism for high-@xmath0 superconductors ( htsc ) , many experiments have attempted to find out the properties of the superconductors pair wave function . notwithstanding this effort \n the nature of the orbital order parameter symmetry ( or energy gap ) ha...
[ { "content": "bipolar plasma outflows , loosely termed jets , are a feature common to a variety of different astrophysical objects . \n jets are observed in accreting compact objects of all scales , as well as at stellar birth and death . \n they seem equally able to form out of massive accretion disks as well ...
[ { "content": "near infrared ( near ir ) imaging surveys have resulted in the discovery of a population of infrared bright , extremely red objects ( ` eros ' ) , which may be of significance to studies of galaxy evolution . \n eros , which we define in this paper as having observed optical near - ir colors @...
[ { "content": "supersymmetry ( susy ) has been intensively studied as a fundamental law of nature for following reasons : susy reduces degrees of divergences in quantum field theories @xcite , and hence stabilizes the vast separation between the electroweak scale and the planck scale or the grand unification sc...
[ { "content": "the salience of satellite dwarf galaxies for understanding galaxy formation in a cosmological context has been made all the more evident in the past decade with the discovery of numerous faint local group galaxies . \n these faint systems are not only important to understand the faint end of galax...
[ { "content": "", "role": "user" }, { "content": "we argue that the results for the vacuum forces on a slab and on an atom embedded in a magnetodielectric medium near a mirror , obtained using a recently suggested lorentz - force approach to the casimir effect , are equivalent to the corresponding re...
[ { "content": "diffusive systems can not support resonances in the usual sense , a periodic force can not build oscillations that grow with each cycle . \n the frequency response of systems vary monotonously . \n we present an over - damped system which has an oscillating frequency response due to the presence o...
[ { "content": "we congratulate the organizers for arranging and conducting this conference , celebrating the 150 years of the discovery by ( gustav robert ) kirchoff and ( robert wilhelm eberhard ) bunsen that various gases can be easily and positively identified by a detailed study of the light they emit and ab...
[ { "content": "in the current research of nuclear physics and astrophysics , there is of great interest to study the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy @xmath0 that essentially characterizes the isospin dependent part of the equation of state ( eos ) of asymmetric nuclear matter . \n the exact kno...
[ { "content": "integrated optical waveguide technologies offer improvements in size , scalability , integrability and nonlinear interaction strength over their bulk counterparts . \n these properties have been used to create a myriad of impressive devices , such as high - speed switches @xcite , optical parametr...
[ { "content": "as soon as kuhn understood the flexibility of polymer chains , and the origin of rubber elasticity , his student a. katchalsky thought about the possibility of transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy , using gels swollen by water . \n his first idea is explained on fig.[fig1 ] . \n st...
[ { "content": "passive scalars are ` tracer particles ' which are advected by the flow of another fluid . \n a typical example might be ink mixed by flowing water . \n the mixing of a scalar field @xmath0 in a velocity field @xmath1 is governed by the advection - diffusion equation , @xmath2 in which @xmath3 is ...
[ { "content": "radial velocity ( rv ) measurements of sun - like stars are now reaching the 1 m s@xmath0 accuracy milestone and are expected to become more accurate in the future ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n naturally , the increased sensitivity allows to identify more and mo...
[ { "content": "homoepitaxial films of inp are commonly grown as buffer and cladding / waveguiding layers , setting the base for numerous types of semiconductor devices.@xcite the morphology of these films can have a crucial impact on the quality of the overgrown material . \n for example , poor quality buffers c...
[ { "content": "the mechanical properties of amorphous solids have been harnessed extensively in designing materials which are ubiquitous in our everyday life . however , a complete microscopic understanding of the mechanisms leading to the macroscopic response of these materials is still missing . in order to de...
[ { "content": "in this section we focus on the attractive case @xmath7 . the transition from the psf phase to the cdw phase , obtained for decreasing hopping ratio @xmath82 , is characterized by an inversion of the hierarchy between the pairing correlations , @xmath111 , and the density - density correlations @x...
[ { "content": "the interplay of quantum phase coherence and repeated random scattering is at the origin of many effects in mesoscopic physics.@xcite these effects include weak localization and universal conductance fluctuations , both of which are small but fundamental corrections with respect to the conductance...
[ { "content": "wide - angle tailed ( wat ) radio sources were first defined as a class by owen & rudnick ( 1976 ) who described them as a sub - class of head - tail radio sources . \n head - tail sources include a radio core and tails of radio emission trailing from the core as the host galaxy moves through the ...
[ { "content": "when i was asked to give this plenary lecture in place of ashoke sen , i had some considerable misgivings that i would be able to do the subject the justice that he would undoubtedly have . \n however i had no doubts about what i should speak . \n the subject formerly known as string theory , and ...
[ { "content": "chaotic dynamical systems are known to exhibit typical random processes behaviour due to their strong sensitivity to initial conditions . \n deterministic diffusion arises from the chaotic motion of systems whose dynamics is specified , and it should be distinguished from noise induced diffusion w...
[ { "content": "experimental techniques for manipulating ultracold atoms have made great progress since the successful realization of atomic bose - einstein condensates ( becs ) @xcite . \n optical lattices , formed by a standing wave of laser light , are providing the ideal stages for an experimental investigati...
[ { "content": "an important role in noncommutative geometry @xcite is played by the set of compact operators whose partial sums of singular values are logarithmically divergent . \n this set can be adequately described using the terminology of marcinkiewicz spaces . \n consider the marcinkiewicz sequence space @...
[ { "content": "the continuous time random walk ( ctrw ) formalism introduced four decades ago by montroll and weiss @xcite has been successfully applied to a wide and diverse variety of physical phenomena over the years @xcite but only recently to finance @xcite . in this latter context , the efforts have been ...
[ { "content": "the field of extrasolar planet research has recently made a leap forward with the direct detection of extrasolar giant planets ( egps ) . using spitzer space telescope , \n @xcite and @xcite have detected infrared photons from two transiting planets , tres-1b and hd209458b , respectively . \n @xci...
[ { "content": "stochastic perturbations are typical for any physical realization of a given dynamical system . \n also round - off errors , inevitable in numerical investigation of any dynamics , may be considered as a random noise . \n quantitative characterization of dynamical systems with external stochastic ...
[ { "content": "observational evidence has emerged over the past few decades indicating that carbon is ubiquitous in the early universe . the class of carbon - enhanced metal - poor ( cemp ; @xmath3$]@xmath11 , e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) stars are found with increasing fractions at lower metallicities ,...
[ { "content": "it is now generally agreed that type ia supernovae originate from accreting white dwarfs , and widely accepted that their occurrence signals arrival at the chandrasekhar mass @xmath4 . \n however there is no consensus as to how the white dwarf gains mass ( see e.g. livio , 2001 , for a review ) . ...
[ { "content": "despite nearly 40 years of work on accretion disk physics , the simple @xcite thin disk model and its relativistic cousins ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) remain the standard model despite many theoretical alternatives ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) and som...
[ { "content": "massive star - forming regions have traditionally been prime targets for astrochemistry owing to their bright molecular lines ( e.g. , johansson et al . \n 1984 , cummins et al . \n 1986 , irvine et al . 1987 , ohishi 1997 ) \n . massive young stellar objects ( ysos ) have luminosities of @xmath1...
[ { "content": "the research in language dynamics has arose an increasing interest of the complex systems community in the last years . \n most of the researchers focus their investigations on issues like rise , competition , extinction risk and death of languages @xcite . \n furthermore , recent advances in arch...
[ { "content": "it is now widely accepted that the first order fermi acceleration , which is driven in various astrophysical shocks , provides a factory of non - thermal energetic particles . \n for example , recent observations discovered synchrotron x - rays from energetic electrons with energies above @xmath0e...
[ { "content": "the advances on cavity quantum electrodynamics ( cqed ) and on semi - conductor quantum electrodynamics ( scqed ) , reached in the last three decades , allowed developing devices that approach the predictions of the quantum theory of the matter - radiation interaction to the experimental results ....
[ { "content": "the calculation of real - time quantum dynamics for large molecular systems is a longstanding problem in chemical physics . of particular interest \n is the case of a small subsystem embedded in a surrounding thermal bath , which forms the basis for the investigation of condensed phase energy and ...
[ { "content": "dynamical systems with delays play an important role in modeling natural processes which include the influence of past effects for a better description of the evolution . in classical physics , life sciences , physiology , engineering system , neural networks , epidemiology , and economics \n , re...
[ { "content": "the failure of antibiotic treatments to eliminate bacterial infections has become both more evident and better understood in the past several decades . although there is evidence that the over use of antibiotics has amplified the number of chromosomal - resistant bacteria @xcite , it is becoming i...
[ { "content": "the measurement of ultra high energy cosmic rays ( uhecr ) flux is the goal of a wide class of past , present and future detectors @xcite-@xcite . \n uhe neutrinos are expected to be produced by the interaction of hadronic matter with the surrounding radiation / matter . a search for this signal i...
[ { "content": "the yang mills gradient flow or the wilson flow @xcite has attracted much attention in recent years in the context of lattice gauge theory . \n its known applications include , scale setting @xcite , definition of the topological charge @xcite , definition of non - perturbative gauge coupling ...
[ { "content": "scalar - tensor ( st ) theories of gravitation have a long history . the first ones to appear were those of jordan@xcite , fierz@xcite , and brans - dicke@xcite . \n these are the simplest theories in the sense that they consist of just one massless scalar field and its coupling strength to matter...
[ { "content": "sgr a east is an elliptical shell structure elongated along the galactic plane with a major axis of length @xmath9 pc and a center displaced from the apparent dynamical nucleus , sgr a west , by @xmath10 pc in projection toward negative galactic latitudes . \n the latter is a ( @xmath11 pc ) three...
[ { "content": "following gai and kapadia@xcite , a _ financial crisis _ is defined as a situation in which at least 5% of banks go bankrupt . \n fig.1 illustrates the frequency and the conditional average of the size of crises . \n some interesting properties are observed . \n first , fig.1a reveals that the uni...
[ { "content": "the controversial discussions about the nature of the electron dynamics in quantum dots @xcite ( qds ) show that this topic is still not fully understood . \n different electron - phonon coupling regimes leading to a multi - phonon process @xcite or a polaron decay @xcite have been proposed . espe...
[ { "content": "estimating the sparse precision matrix , i.e. the inverse covariance matrix , from data is a very widely used method for exploring the dependence structure of continuous variables . \n the motivation for the approach stems from the fact that for a gaussian markov random field model , zeros in the...
[ { "content": "one of the most important unsolved problems in astrophysics is the question of how the solar corona is heated . \n directly related to this problem is understanding the evolution of the emission in active regions , particularly in the core . \n recent observations from _ hinode _ @xcite are provid...
[ { "content": "until recently but for a few exceptions the study of quantum dot ( qd ) heterostructures with the staggered ( type - ii ) band alignment had been largely ignored because of the absence of confinement of one of the two types of carriers and their presumed poor radiative efficiency . however , it ...
[ { "content": "the recent discovery of quasars at @xmath5 ( fan et al \n . 2001 ; fan et al . \n 2003 ) and the subsequent observation of two gunn - peterson ( 1965 ) troughs ( djorgovski et al . \n 2003 ; white et al . 2003 ) established a new era in studies of the end of the reionization epoch . \n the abso...
[ { "content": "quantum gases , i.e. systems in which the thermal de broglie wavelength is larger than the average particle distance are an ever increasingly important area of theoretical and experimental study with applications as diverse as quantum computing and quantum simulation of general relativity models ....
[ { "content": "when studying the statistical mechanics of random interfaces which typically arise between coexisting phases of a ( @xmath6-dimensional ) physical system in equilibrium , one often considers so - called _ effective _ models , which aim at describing the @xmath3-dimensional surface _ itself _ , fre...
[ { "content": "mounting evidence indicates that massive molecular cloud cores possess properties which are not adequately explained by models employing an isothermal equation of state . for example , surveys of prestellar cores in a variety of star - forming complexes show that intermediate and high mass cores h...
[ { "content": "the vela pulsar ( psr b0833 - 45 ) is the strongest @xmath0-ray source in the sky , but it is one of the most difficult pulsars to detect at x - ray energies . \n this is in part because it is embedded in a very bright x - ray synchrotron nebula providing a large unpulsed background , but also bec...
[ { "content": "no known solution for a coupled set of duffing oscillators exists , with the exception of specific cases . \n the duffing lattice is perhaps more well known as the fpu @xmath0-system , one of the systems studied by fermi , pasta , and ulam in the @xmath2 @xcite to numerically investigate the appro...
[ { "content": "recent progress in theoretical and experimental studies has clarified many properties of glass transitions @xcite . \n however , the mechanism of the glass transition has not yet been fully understood @xcite . \n the major issue is the experimental approach to the investigation of the length sca...
[ { "content": "high - redshift ( @xmath3 ) quasars are of major importance since they can provide information on the growth of the supermassive black holes and the evolution of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) in the early universe . \n the mere existence of black holes with a few million solar masses ( or more ) ...
[ { "content": "in an analytic approach @xcite , we have recently described the spectrum of light scattered by a three - level lambda - type system under two conditions . \n one condition was that the incident - light frequency was much lower than the separation frequencies between the states situated in the ends...
[ { "content": "high - order models have recently attracted considerable interests in the lattice boltzmann ( lb ) community . for these models , \n high - order terms in the expanded distribution function are retained , thus multi - speed lattices have to be used . by doing so , we have a few benefits , e.g. con...
[ { "content": "massive o - type stars , including the progenitors of wolf - rayet stars , inject enormous quantities of energy into the interstellar medium ( ism ) in the form of dissociating and ionizing radiation and winds . \n the radiation fields create circumstellar / interstellar and regions into which win...
[ { "content": "main - sequence stars with masses greater than about @xmath4 follow two evolutionary paths ; either they form a degenerate core of o / ne / mg , or a degenerate fe core , which , after undergoing a type ii supernova core collapse , forms a proto - neutron star @xcite . \n neutron stars ( nss ) ar...
[ { "content": "type ia supernovae are generally associated with the thermonuclear explosion of earth - sized white dwarf ( wd ) stars the final stages of the evolution of small and intermediate - mass stars . \n these dense objects consist of carbon and oxygen and their pressure is dominated by degenerate elect...
[ { "content": "the survival of ferromagnetic ordering under the disruption of frozen random fields @xcite and the onset of spin - glass ( sg ) order in systems characterized by random competing interactions @xcite are two central problems in the statistical mechanics of systems with quenched randomness . when ...
[ { "content": "the standard model to understand the large - scale features of the matter distribution in the universe after decoupling from radiation can be hardly simpler : a collection of many identical point particles interacting with each other via the newtonian gravitational force in an expanding spatial ba...
[ { "content": "a characteristic signature of young rotation - powered pulsars is the phenomena of `` glitches '' , sudden discontinuous changes in their spin periods ( e.g. , see lyne & graham - smith 1998 ) . \n the physical causes of these glitches are not understood . \n suggestions include sudden changes in ...
[ { "content": "many problems in science and engineering can be expressed as a partial differential equation ( pde ) . \n finding accurate numerical solutions is often important for these applications , but there are many challenges associated with computing these solutions . \n nonlinear pdes can cause numerical...
[ { "content": "cold atomic systems have provided an ideal playground for the experimental studies of the unitary evolution of thermally isolated quantum systems . \n @xcite apart from the experimental interest , studies of quantum evolution have shed light on some fundamental questions such as thermalization . \...
[ { "content": "coherence is a central theme in quantum physics . in feynman s \n words on quantum theory @xcite , it is _ the only mystery_. a good definition of coherence depends on two things @xcite : the state of the system , @xmath0 , and the alternatives under consideration , usually attached to different e...
[ { "content": "the power spectrum of primordial fluctuations is well measured on cosmological scales using the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) and large scale structure @xcite . \n these observations provide compelling evidence that the fluctuations originated in an era of inflation . \n however , there is a...
[ { "content": "recent advances in producing synthetic spin - orbit coupling fields in cold atoms , both bosonic @xcite and fermionic , @xcite opened a new field of research in cold matter physics reviewed in refs . \n spin - orbit coupling of the rashba and dresselhaus forms , as well as effective magnetic field...
[ { "content": "general relativity predicts that gravitational collapse of massive objects leads to space - time singularities in rather general circumstances in our universe@xcite and such singularities might be accompanied with the blow up of physical quantities ( energy density , pressure and curvature of spac...
[ { "content": "upon a rotation of angle @xmath12 of the spin quantization axis in the @xmath66 plane , the rotated of up and down density operators take the following form in the basis of the z - axis eigenstates . \n @xmath67 @xmath68 thus , these are the local mean field operators in a collineal calculat...
[ { "content": "the kondo effect @xcite in samples with reduced dimensions ( thin films , narrow wires ) is one of the most challenging problems in the field . \n most of the experiments @xcite have shown that the kondo contribution to the resistivity is suppressed when the sample size is reduced or the disorder ...
[ { "content": "we present a rigorous mathematical examination of the problem of josephson vortices and of the meissner effect in thin - layer josephson - junction stacks and layered superconductors , with a static external magnetic field @xmath13 applied parallel to the layers ( along the @xmath14 axis , see fig...
[ { "content": "given a partition @xmath6 of @xmath7 , let @xmath8 be the associated irreducible complex representation of the symmetric group @xmath9 . \n the _ kronecker coefficients _ \n @xmath10 are the tensor product multiplicities : @xmath11 to determine these coefficients and understand their properties ha...
[ { "content": "finding unconventional superconductors and understanding their superconducting mechanism is one of the main themes in condensed matter physics @xcite . \n the term unconventional \" firstly means the superconducting pairing mechanism is not phonon - mediated . \n this usually manifests as a super...
[ { "content": "it is now widely recognized that multiband superconductors are omnipresent @xcite . \n this recognition may be triggered by mgb@xmath0 @xcite where there exist distinctive two bands ; the 3d @xmath8-band and 2d like @xmath9-band@xcite . \n they play different role in forming superconductivity , in...
[ { "content": "the focus of research in nonlinear dynamics has evolved from temporal instabilities over simple spatial patterns to complex spatio - temporal behavior and the control or synchronization of such dynamics . \n complex spatio - temporal behavior in reaction - diffusion equations , which is in a wider...
[ { "content": "a quantum optical system utilizing trapped neutral atoms or ions for qubits is one of promising candidates for implementing a quantum computer @xcite . \n actually , there have been numerous theoretical @xcite and experimental @xcite achievements showing the positive prospects for it . \n the numb...
[ { "content": "it is well established that both the total and spectral solar irradiance ( si , henceforth ) are modulated by the emergence and evolution of the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere . in particular , si variations measured on time scales from days to several solar rotations can be explained by a...
[ { "content": "the expansion of the universe inevitably leads to a drop of the temperature of the primordial fireball . \n this cooling provides natural conditions that are believed to precipitate a series of phase transitions in which `` false '' symmetric , high temperature phases are transformed into low temp...
[ { "content": "cool cores are regions at the centre of rich clusters where the hot thermal x - ray emitting gas ( @xmath4 @xmath2 10@xmath5 @xmath3 ) is dense enough to cool radiatively within a hubble time ( see * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * for reviews ) . \n cooling rates of the order of 100 @xmath6 @xmath7...
[ { "content": "at high energy , all the internal timescales of a hadron are time dilated . \n therefore , more and more soft fluctuations carrying a smaller and smaller fraction @xmath0 of the hadron momentum become long - lived and become relevant in interactions with another hadron . on the contrary , on the...
[ { "content": "the @xmath5-cold - dark - matter ( @xmath5cdm ) model has been consistent with observational data , but the energy scale of dark energy is too low to be compatible with the cosmological constant originated from the vacuum energy in quantum field theory @xcite . since the observations allow the var...
[ { "content": "application requirements , power , and technological constraints are driving the architectural convergence of future processors towards heterogeneous many - cores . \n this development is confronted with variability challenges , mainly the susceptibility to time - dependent variations in silicon d...
[ { "content": "a cyber - physical system ( cps ) is a mechanism controlled or monitored by computer - based algorithms \n . examples of cps include smart grid , autonomous automobile systems , medical monitoring , process control systems , distributed robotics , and automatic pilot avionics , etc . \n the connec...
[ { "content": "the aim of the this paper is to obtain a largeness result for the images of quantum representations of mapping class groups in genus at least @xmath7 . \n the main motivation is the construction of large families of finite quotients of ( central extensions of the ) mapping class groups by using th...
[ { "content": "spin transport in semiconductor structures is a subject of much interest from the perspective of both fundamental physics and device applications . \n a number of different formalisms have been used to study this problem , primary among which are a classical drift diffusion approach @xcite , a kin...
[ { "content": "the concepts of controllability and observability are important contribution of control theorists to the science , technology , and engineering domain . with the introduction of these structural concepts , we begin to deeply understand the relationship between the input - output description and st...
[ { "content": "the field of network analysis helps us to look at the study of an individual component as a part of a complex social structure and its interactions @xcite . \n it explains various phenomena in a wide variety of disciplines ranging from physics to psychology to economics . \n the theory is adept at...