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mnsm92
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[ { "content": "studies of lateral interactions between adsorbed particles are motivated by the need to understand the origin of the wide variety of ordered overlayers and phase transitions at fractional adsorbate coverage on metal surfaces . \n these interactions have contributions ranging from short - range and...
[ { "content": "despite their humble appearances , the dwarf spheroidal ( dsph ) satellites of the milky way provide a source of persistent intrigue . \n mysteries concerning their origin , evolution , mass density , and dynamical state make it difficult to know where to place these common galaxies in the context...
[ { "content": "recently , topological properties of time - reversal - invariant band insulators in two and three dimensions have been extensively studied@xcite . a class of insulators preserving the time reversal symmetry is called topological insulators characterized by non - trivial topological invariants@xcit...
[ { "content": "closely spaced double layer electron systems possess an additional , layer degree of freedom , which in certain conditions stabilizes ground states with no counterpart in the single layer case . \n notable examples include fractional quantum hall states ( qhs ) at even denominator fillings , such ...
[ { "content": "terrestrial planets and cores of giant planets are generally considered to have formed through accretion of many small bodies called planetesimals . to simulate accretion processes of planets , \n two methods , which are complementary to each other , have been applied . \n the first one is @xmath0...
[ { "content": "graphene has garnered interest from broad spectrum of communities , ranging from those aiming at atomic scale circuit devices to those searching for new topological phases . both communities sought after ways to gap the massless dirac spectrum . \n the realization of a gate - induced band - gap in...
[ { "content": "in the last years the physics of quasi - one - dimensional compounds has been the object of intense theoretical and experimental investigations . in this work \n we study the ground state ( gs ) and magnetic excitations of two bipartite chains motivated by low - dimensional inorganic @xcite and or...
[ { "content": "our task is to compute the maximal quantum violation @xmath80 of a two - party bell inequality defined by the vector of coefficients @xmath81 , given a fixed set of measurements operators @xmath82 for alice . \n let s write @xmath83 for the assemblage created on alice s side by bob s measurements ...
[ { "content": "classical be stars are non - supergiant , b - type stars that are surrounded by hot gaseous disks . \n this circumstellar gas is responsible for many observational characteristics such as hydrogen balmer emission lines , ir flux excess , and short- and long - term flux variability @xcite . \n opti...
[ { "content": "let us provide the rigorous analysis of the experimental data regarding fermi gas vs wigner solid transition . according to ref.@xcite \n , the melting diagram of 2d wigner solid obeys the condition @xmath1 , where @xmath2 is the coefficient assumed to be a constant at the phase transition , @xmat...
[ { "content": "supernova explosions of massive stars are powered by the gravitational binding energy that is released when the initial stellar core collapses to a compact remnant and its radius shrinks from typically a few thousand kilometers to little more than ten kilometers . for solar - metallicity progenito...
[ { "content": "i am very glad to take part in this book devoted to celebration of the 60 birth day of remarkable scientist and my dear friend ioseph l. buchbinder . \n four - dimensional @xmath0 supersymmetric gauge theories are formulated in terms of @xmath0 vector multiplet coupled to a massless hypermultiplet...
[ { "content": "one way to analyze the microscopic structure of atomic nuclei is to study the distribution of quarks and gluons , as well as their correlations , in nuclei . \n these nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) can be accessed using various deep inelastic scattering ( dis ) processes : inclusi...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement is the major resource in quantum information science and can be used as a potential source for quantum teleportation of unknown states [ 1 ] , quantum key distribution [ 2 ] , quantum cryptography [ 3 ] and quantum computation [ 4 , 5 ] . \n entanglement sudden death for bipar...
[ { "content": "controlling and preserving coherent quantum dynamics in the framework of quantum information processing is a challenging task.@xcite very recently , more and more experiments on implementing such ideas in mesoscopic systems based on solid state devices @xcite have been realized , e.g. josephson ...
[ { "content": "the solar system today is embedded in a warm low density interstellar cloud ( t@xmath27000 k , n(h@xmath5+h@xmath6)@xmath20.3 @xmath3 ) , which flows through the solar system with a relative sun - cloud velocity of @xmath226 km s@xmath7 . \n neutral interstellar gas penetrates the charged solar wi...
[ { "content": "it is well known that t tauri stars ( tts ) vary on many timescales , both periodicially and irregularly . \n while a few photometric or spectroscopic observations can give us valuable `` snapshot '' information about the characteristics of these objects , more extended monitoring is needed to obs...
[ { "content": "the nature of the first excited states of conjugated polymers is an important and still unsolved question in condensed matter sciences @xcite . knowing if they are band to band excitations or exciton states , if polarons , bipolarons or solitons are stable quasiparticles in the doping case , are f...
[ { "content": "a _ spherical curve _ is a smooth immersion of the circle into the sphere where the self - intersections are transverse and double points ( we call the double point _ crossing _ ) . in this paper \n we assume every spherical curve is oriented , and has at least one crossing . \n we represent , if ...
[ { "content": "until the mid-1970s , it was believed that black holes ( bhs ) are the super absorbent objects in the universe that nothing can come out from them . in 1974 , hawking @xcite , showed that a bh can thermally create and emit virtual particles until it snuffs out its energy . \n it means that if a bh...
[ { "content": "the concentration of particles to high spatial densities promotes the formation of planetesimals , the super - kilometer scale building blocks of planets . \n drag forces on pebbles and rocks in disks lead to spontaneous particle clumping @xcite . \n the discovery of a linear streaming instability...
[ { "content": "if the solar galactic environment is to have a discernible effect on events on the surface of the earth , it must be through a subtle and indirect influence on the terrestrial climate . \n the scientific and philosophical literature of the 18th , 19th and 20th centuries all include discussions of ...
[ { "content": "the yttrium aluminum perovskite ( yap ) is an inorganic material well known for its interesting mechanical and chemical properties . \n its high light yield and good resolution have made it suitable for a variety of applications in optical physics , ranging from solid state lasers @xcite and scint...
[ { "content": "macromolecules containing ionizable groups when dissolve in a polar solvent such as water , dissociate into charged macromolecules and counterions ( ions of opposite charge ) . depending on acidic or basic property of their monomers , \n ionizable polymers in solution can be classified into polyel...
[ { "content": "the light flavor scalar mesons present a remarkable exception for the naive quark model , and the structures of those mesons have not been unambiguously determined yet . \n the numerous candidates with @xmath1 below @xmath2 can not be accommodated in one @xmath3 nonet , some are supposed to be glu...
[ { "content": "chains of amino acids are important components of biological cells , and for such chains the specific ordering of the amino acids is often so fundamental to the resulting function and stability of the folded chain that if major deviations from the correct ordering were to occur , the final chain c...
[ { "content": "our test uses satellites that are diametrically opposite each other around their host to quantify the incidence of rotating planar alignments . \n the signature of coherent rotation is an enhancement in the number of anti - correlated satellites . using a small tolerance angle ( fig . \n 1a ) and ...
[ { "content": "one of the formidable tasks in heavy - ion physics is to identify a precise understanding of the jet - medium dynamics , the jet - medium interactions , and the jet - energy loss formalism . \n below , we study the influence of the details of the jet - medium coupling and the medium background on ...
[ { "content": "the 4d ( non-)abelian 1-form gauge theories are at the heart of standard model ( sm ) of particle physics where there is a stunning degree of agreement between theory and experiment . \n one of the weak links of sm is connected with the very existence of the esoteric higgs particle which is respon...
[ { "content": "in this paper , a graph is understood to be undirected and have no loops or multiple edges . \n while graphs with multiple edges could be taken under consideration , it is not necessary to do so as multiple edges do not add any difficulty or important properties . a set of vertices in a graph @...
[ { "content": "the classical schur horn theorem@xcite , @xcite , relates the digonal and the eigenvalue list of a hermitian matrix : let @xmath9 be a positive semidefinite element of @xmath10 and let @xmath11 and @xmath12 be the lists of diagonal entries and eigenvalues respectively , both sorted in non - increa...
[ { "content": "quarks can be associated in ads / cft with strings stretching between a probe d7 brane and the d3 branes from which the @xmath3 sym gauge fields originate @xcite . in the probe approximation \n the d7 branes lie in the @xmath12 field theory directions , @xmath13 and @xmath14 coordinates of the tra...
[ { "content": "ime - domain simulation is an important approach for power system dynamic analysis . \n however , the complete system model , or interchangeably the long - term stability model , typically includes different components where each component requires several differential and algebraic equations ( da...
[ { "content": "presently planned @xmath0 linear collider ( lc ) projects will operate at an initial center of mass system ( cms ) energy of about 500 gev , with upgrades to higher energies designed in from the start . \n the tev class colliders tesla @xcite and nlc / jlc @xcite target 800 gev and 1 - 1.5 tev ,...
[ { "content": "in recent years , the problem of anisotropic quantum scattering in two spatial dimensions ( 2d ) attracts increasing interest . \n it is stimulated by the spectacular proposals for prospects to create exotic and highly correlated quantum systems with dipolar gases @xcite . \n particularly , there ...
[ { "content": "within a decade of being identified as a supernova remnant ( snr ) , g65.2@xmath05.7 ( also called g65.3 + 5.7 ) was the subject of several observational papers published in quick succession . \n however , once its radio and optical images and its optical and x - ray spectra were recorded , the r...
[ { "content": "the mrwd ( magnetic rotator wind - disk ) model for the formation of keplerian disks involves two processes . \n the first is a fill - up process in which material from a star flows along magnetic field lines and passes through a shock surface to form a pre - keplerian disk region . \n the magneti...
[ { "content": "permutations of the integers @xmath5 = \\{1,\\ldots , n\\}$ ] are a basic building block for the succinct encoding of integer functions @xcite , strings @xcite , and binary relations @xcite , among others . \n a permutation @xmath0 is trivially representable in @xmath6 bits , which is within @x...
[ { "content": "the interplay between dixmier traces , @xmath0functions and heat kernel formulae is a cornerstone of noncommutative geometry @xcite . \n these formulae are widely used in physical applications . to define these objects , \n let us fix a hilbert space @xmath1 and let @xmath2 be the algebra of all b...
[ { "content": "on a lattice left - handed weyl fermions @xmath0 are always accompanied by their right - handed counterparts @xmath1 , unless certain mild conditions for the action are broken @xcite . \n such a doubling is present both in the wilson @xcite and in the domain wall formulations @xcite ( for a review...
[ { "content": "the phenomenon of color superconductivity @xcite is of general interest , in particular , in studies of the qcd phase structure @xcite and applications in the astrophysics of compact stars @xcite . \n observable consequences are expected for , e. g. , the cooling behavior @xcite . \n different as...
[ { "content": "about ten years ago , a peculiar dynamical phenomenon was discovered in populations of identical phase oscillators : under nonlocal symmetric coupling , the coexistence of coherent ( synchronized ) and incoherent oscillators was observed @xcite . \n this highly counterintuitive phenomenon was give...
[ { "content": "in the quest for better wireless connectivity and higher data rates , the cellular network is becoming heterogeneous , featuring multiple types of base stations ( bss ) with different cell size . \n heterogeneity implies that the traditional strategies in cell planning , deployment and communicati...
[ { "content": "recently , magnetic - field - induced superconductivity ( fisc ) has been observed in organic superconductors @xmath4 and @xmath3 @xcite , where bets is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene . in these salts , \n localized spins on fe@xmath5 exhibit antiferromagnetic long - range order at amb...
[ { "content": "observations of accretion powered pulsars began with the discovery of periodic x - ray pulsations from cen x-3 by _ uhuru _ ( giacconi et al . \n 1971 ; schreier et al . \n . qualitative understanding of accretion powered pulsars was achieved in the 1970s ( pringle & rees 1972 ; davidson & ostrike...
[ { "content": "the formation of dense molecular condensations , and eventually stars , involves large changes in the physical properties of the atomic and molecular gas . \n these changes also have very specific consequences on the chemical interactions of the gas and dust inside the forming cores / stars . \n i...
[ { "content": "the parton distribution functions ( pdf s ) of the nucleon are fundamental quantities associated with the strong interactions . \n extensive experimental investigations have been undertaken during the past three decades to measure these distributions via deep - inelastic scattering ( dis ) of lept...
[ { "content": "currently popular theories of structure formation in the universe postulate that structure grows through the amplification by gravitational forces of initially small density fluctuations ( see white 1996 for a review ) . depending on the characteristics of the spectrum of fluctuations , small obje...
[ { "content": "the signals received by the antennas obey the stationary stochastic process and then ergodic process . \n the ergodic theory can be applied to the auto - correlation function for a spectrometer and the cross - correlation function for radio interferometer . under such conditions , weinreb ( 1963 )...
[ { "content": "random walks are widely used to model natural processes in physics , chemistry , and biology @xcite . in particular , first - passage and persistence statistics @xcite of multiple random walks underlie reaction - diffusion processes @xcite , spin systems @xcite , and polymer dynamics @xcite . \n f...
[ { "content": "in this paper we consider asymptotically anti de sitter ( ads ) type metrics on @xmath9-dimensional manifolds with boundary @xmath3 , @xmath10 . \n we recall the actual definition of ads space below , but for our purposes the most important feature is the asymptotic of the metric on these spaces ,...
[ { "content": "first we need the concept of a reusable secure carrier @xcite , . a bell state like @xmath0 shared between alice(a ) and \n bob(b ) can be used as a reusable secure carrier between two parties as follows . \n alice entangles a qubit @xmath1 by the action of a cnot gate @xmath2 ( acting on the qubi...
[ { "content": "it is nowadays well established that entanglement represents a fundamental resource for quantum information tasks @xcite . \n however , being a purely quantum feature it is fragile with respect to enviromental contamination . \n notwithstanding that , the possibility to achieve entangled states as...
[ { "content": "the so - called `` ridge '' , found in hadronic collisions at rhic and lhc energies , @xcite , has been subject to years of intense theoretical and experimental investigation and can be regarded as a crucial observable in the study of dense qcd . \n the ridge is a 2-particle correlation focused in...
[ { "content": "the dressing of a nucleon with its meson cloud is deeply and consistently connected to the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking exhibited by quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) . in the specific case of deep - inelastic - scattering ( dis ) , \n the presence of a meson cloud has relevant consequences a...
[ { "content": "kauffman networks are disordered dynamical systems proposed by kauffman in 1969 as a model for genetic regulatory systems @xcite . \n they attracted the interest of physicists in the 80 s @xcite , due to their analogy with the disordered systems studied in statistical mechanics , such as the mean ...
[ { "content": "one of the most distinctive features of the supergiant cd - type galaxies found at the centers of rich environments is the very obvious presence of huge populations of old - halo globular clusters ( gcs ) , often numbering above 10,000 gcs in a single system and spanning radii upwards of 100 kpc (...
[ { "content": "this work has its roots in the challenge of extending differential equation models for diffusion or wave propagation from domains in euclidean space to infinite graphs intended to resemble biological transport systems such as the arteries of the human circulatory system . \n such biological system...
[ { "content": "turbulence is a strong nonequilibrium phenomenon , exhibiting unpredictable behavior of the velocity field , which can result from the multiple degrees of freedom and nonlinearity of fluid systems @xcite . \n this situation complicates our understanding of turbulence , making it one of the unresol...
[ { "content": "the multiple sequence alignment ( msa ) problem constitutes one of the fundamental research areas in bioinformatics . while at first sight it may seem a simple extension of the two - string alignment problem _ two strings good , four strings better _ \n , for biologists , the multiple alignment of...
[ { "content": "= 9.5 t , @xmath0 = 4.2 k , and @xmath5 = -4 v. continuous lines correspond to the edges of the qpc . \n the black bar represents 1 @xmath6 m . \n ( b ) @xmath7-dependence of @xmath8-profiles over the region marked with a dashed line in ( a ) , with @xmath5 = -6 v. using eq . \n ( [ ros...
[ { "content": "a degree @xmath7 polynomial - like mapping is a degree @xmath7 proper holomorphic map @xmath8 , where @xmath9 and @xmath10 are topological disks and @xmath9 is compactly contained in @xmath11 . \n this definition captures the behaviour of a polynomial in a neighbourhood of its filled julia set . \...
[ { "content": "modulation level classification ( mlc ) is a process which detects the transmitter s digital modulation level from a received signal , using a priori knowledge of the modulation class and signal characteristics needed for downconversion and sampling . among many modulation classification methods ...
[ { "content": "neutrino oscillation physics has entered the precision era . \n present data determines all three leptonic mixing angles and the absolute value of the two mass - squared differences with few percent precision @xcite . \n crucial goals of future oscillation experiments are ( @xmath1 ) the determin...
[ { "content": "let @xmath5 be a sequence of independent @xmath6 random matrices and @xmath7 in a celebrated paper furstenbergkesten60 , furstenberg and kesten proved that @xmath8 converges provided that @xmath9 later , oseledec in @xcite proved convergence for other singular values of @xmath10 and cohen and newm...
[ { "content": "numerical simulations of collisions between gas - rich galaxies ( e.g. , barnes & hernquist 1996 and references therein ) and even minor mergers between a gas - rich galaxy and a satellite companion ( e.g. , mihos & hernquist 1994 ) show that these processes are very efficient in transporting larg...
[ { "content": "water maser emission ( @xmath9 cm in the rest frame ) is known to trace warm , dense gas at radii of 0.1 to 1 pc in the accretion disks surrounding supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n it can also trace material heated by jet activity ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) and wide - ang...
[ { "content": "optimization is a challenging problem in economic analysis and risk management , which dates back to the seminal work of markowitz [ 1 ] . \n the main assumption is that the return of any financial asset is described by a random variable , whose expected mean and variance are assumed to be reliabl...
[ { "content": "sn 1992ar is one of the supernovae ( sne ) discovered by the caln / tololo collaboration ( hamuy et al . \n it was found by r. antezana , on a plate taken with the ctio curtis \n schmidt telescope on ut 1992 july 27.23 ( hamuy & maza 1992 ) , close to a tight group of three anonymous galaxies ( se...
[ { "content": "let @xmath2 and consider the @xmath1 hypergeometric differential equation @xmath3 where @xmath4 and @xmath5 . \n assuming , as we do , that @xmath6 , @xmath7 , and the @xmath8 s and @xmath9 s are distinct , the @xmath10-functions @xmath11 where @xmath12 denotes omit @xmath13 , are linearly indepen...
[ { "content": "in this paper , all graphs considered are simple , finite and undirected . \n we refer to book @xcite for undefined notation and terminology in graph theory . \n let @xmath0 be a connected graph on @xmath4 vertices with minimum degree @xmath5 . \n a path in an edge - colored graph @xmath0 is a _ r...
[ { "content": "the recent advocacy of the use of bayesian statistics for the analysis of data from lattice simulations , in the guise of the methods of constrained curve fitting @xcite , or maximum entropy @xcite , has eased considerably the ambiguity and irritation associated with estimating the systematic er...
[ { "content": "low - luminosity active galactic nuclei ( llagns ) , operationally defined as a h@xmath0 luminosity of @xmath1 , reside in about 40 per cent of nearby bright galaxies , and occupy majority of the population of agns @xcite . \n its low luminosities are thought to be caused by very low accretion r...
[ { "content": "in continuum non abelian field theories , most popular choices of fixing the gauge ( e.g. landau , coulomb ) suffer from the gribov ambiguity @xcite . \n it is now well established that this problem also affects the lattice formulation of these theories @xcite-@xcite . \n this problem has been neg...
[ { "content": "tidal interactions between short - period planets and their host stars are thought to play an important role in the evolution of the planetary orbit as well as the stellar and planetary spins ( e.g. zahn @xcite ; mathis et al . \n @xcite ; ogilvie @xcite ) . \n the clearest evidence of tidal evol...
[ { "content": "the one - electron models of solids are based on the study of schrdinger operator with periodic potential . \n there are a lot of studies on the periodic potential , in particular , for periodic point interactions , we can show the spectral set explicitly ( albeverio et . \n @xcite is the best gui...
[ { "content": "one of the primary goals of the current generation of colliders is the discovery of the mechanism by which the mass scale of the weak interactions is generated and stabilized . \n whether that mechanism is supersymmetry ( susy ) , technicolor , extra dimensions or something not yet considered , it...
[ { "content": "in field theories we often encounter infrared ( ir ) divergences of different kind . \n some of them have physical meaning while others are just artifacts of the perturbation theory . \n a common feature , however , is that the ir divergences appear at each order of perturbation theory , usually b...
[ { "content": "the performance of atomic clocks has improved more than seven orders of magnitude since the first cesium clock was demonstrated by essen and parry over 50 years ago @xcite . in the past two decades \n , improvement has been driven by several major scientific developments . \n most recently , opti...
[ { "content": "the study of changes in the natural world , dynamics , is divided among several distinct disciplines . \n thermodynamics , for example , considers changes between special states , the so - called states of equilibrium , and addresses the question of which final states can be reached from any given...
[ { "content": "simulations of the local group s formation ( klypin et al . 1999 ) \n predict that an order of magnitude more satellites should be associated with the milky way and m31 than are actually observed . \n this discrepancy is a significant challenge to hierarchical clustering scenarios \n . an intrigu...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we study site percolation on the triangular planar lattice . recall that this can be viewed as a random coloring of the hexagonal cells of a honeycomb lattice , where the color ( black or white ) of each cell is chosen independently of the others : each of these cells has a probabi...
[ { "content": "in this paper we scratch an intelligent variable neighbourhood search ( int - vns ) aimed to achieve further improvements of a successful vns for the minimum labelling spanning tree ( mlst ) and the @xmath1-labelled spanning forest ( @xmath1lsf ) problems . \n this approach integrates the basic vn...
[ { "content": "@xmath1 is the low energy effective theory of the strong interactions . \n it is given as a power expansion of the external four - momenta of the pseudo - goldstone bosons @xmath13 , @xmath14 and @xmath15 on the scale @xmath161 gev . \n as a result , the expansion is typically valid up to @xmath17...
[ { "content": "the signature of a @xmath11-dimensional fractional brownian motion is a sequence of iterated stratonovich integrals along the paths of the fractional brownian motion ; it is an object taking values in the tensor algebra over @xmath12 . \n + signatures were firstly studied by k.t .- \n chen in 1950...
[ { "content": "scattering , absorption , and reradiation of photons by dust grains affect the propagation of starlight and play a key role in regulating the energy balance in the interstellar medium . \n studies of these processes have provided a great deal of insight into the physical and chemical properties of...
[ { "content": "the origin of binary stars is still a puzzle in our understanding of star formation . \n numerous theoretical simulations support the hypothesis that the fragmentation of collapsing molecular cloud cores , promoted by either rotation or turbulence , is the main mechanism for the formation of binar...
[ { "content": "titan s thick atmosphere is simultaneously analogous to and extraordinarily different from that of earth . \n both atmospheres are composed mostly of nitrogen . \n both atmospheres have a major component that can exist as a solid , liquid , or gas ( water on earth , methane on titan ) . both have ...
[ { "content": "the international linear collider ( ilc ) will be a tev - scale lepton collider that will require non - invasive beam size monitors with micron and sub - micron resolution for beam phase space optimisation @xcite . \n laser - wire monitors operate by focussing a laser to a small spot size that can...
[ { "content": "interference effects have been found to play an important role in the dynamics of qubits @xcite . for their understanding , the interference phenomena can be considered from different points of view : as interference between successive landau - zener ( lz ) tunneling events @xcite , analogous to m...
[ { "content": "urban vegetation is receiving a significant amount of attention from researchers in recent years . \n this interest stems from its impacts on the environment , affecting the pedestrian comfort and mitigating the negative health effects of the air pollution @xcite . \n microscale modelling using th...
[ { "content": "a circulant graph of @xmath7 vertices is fully described by an @xmath7-by-@xmath7 symmetric circulant adjacency matrix @xmath67 defined as follows . \n @xmath68\\end{aligned}\\ ] ] where @xmath69 . \n obviously , every circulant matrix can be generated given any row of the matrix conventionally w...
[ { "content": "cyg x-1 is an unavoidable target for any high energy instrument . \n being one of the most luminous sources ( up to the mev range ) , it represents an ideal lab to study the mechanism at work in the direct environment of a black hole . \n there , the accretion flow is thought to form an optically ...
[ { "content": "electromagnetic transition form factor of light mesons is one of the key ingredients to study hadron properties and it recently gains intensive interests . there are fruitful updated measurements from different experimental collaborations , such as na60 @xcite , snd @xcite and babar @xcite . on...
[ { "content": "in circumstellar disks , the major sources of dust are thought to be minor bodies , like comets . \n both the stellar radiation drag ( poynting - robertson drag ) and stellar wind drag tend to induce dust inflow toward the star . \n as the dust passes by planets in its infall , it interacts with t...
[ { "content": "frustrated quantum magnets can exhibit highly unconventional ground states , in which local moments are highly correlated but nevertheless evade a conventional ordering transition and remain strongly fluctuating down to zero temperature . \n these unusual states are commonly referred to as quantum...
[ { "content": "there exists substantial evidence that the bulges of nearby massive galaxies contain quiescent supermassive nuclear black holes ( @xmath13 m@xmath14 : magorrian et al . \n 1998 ; van der marel 1999 ; kormendy et al . 1998 ) . the almost ubiquitous presence of such objects , in combination with the...
[ { "content": "convection near solar surface has strongly non - local and dynamical character . \n hence numerical simulation provide useful information on the structure spatial scales by convection and help to construct consistent models of the physical processes underlying the observed solar phenomena . \n we ...
[ { "content": "the standard model ( sm ) of strong and electroweak interactions , based on the gauge group @xmath2 , has been extremely successful phenomenologically . \n it has provided the theoretical framework for the description of a very rich phenomenology spanning a wide range of energies , from the atomic...
[ { "content": "when a polymer is placed in solution hydrophobic interactions between monomers and solvent molecules can cause it to undergo a collapse transition to a compact state@xcite . \n the statistical physics of the polymer transition from the extended to the collapsed state is well understood . \n howeve...