Datasets:
mnsm92
/
article_summarization

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
text
listlengths
2
2
[ { "content": "monolayer and bilayer graphene are semimetals with good conducting properties @xcite . moreover , in the presence of a microwave field the related optical conductivity is constant over a large regime of frequencies . \n this has been found in theoretical calculations @xcite and was also observed e...
[ { "content": "extended version of the ( standard ) marcum @xmath7-function , @xmath8 , where @xmath9 , originally appeared in ( * ? ? ? \n * appendix , eq . \n ( 16 ) ) , defines the standard - function in order to avoid ambiguity with its normalized version to be introduced later . ] \n nuttall _ q_-function ...
[ { "content": "graphical representations of complex multivariate systems are increasingly prevalent within systems biology . in general a graph or _ network _ \n @xmath0 is characterised by a set @xmath1 of vertices ( typically associated with molecular species ) and a set @xmath2 of edges , whose interpretation...
[ { "content": "a programme has been started , using the recently commissioned nagoya - south african 1.4 m infrared survey facility ( irsf ) at saao sutherland , to study the stellar populations , evolution and structures of local group galaxies . \n one aim of this programme is to detect long period variables (...
[ { "content": "the order parameter in high - temperature superconductors ( hts ) has been proved to have mainly a @xmath4 pairing symmetry.@xcite in particular , try - crystal phase - sensitive measurements @xcite have determined the presence of a predominant @xmath5gap symmetry up to the superconducting critica...
[ { "content": "the periodic orbits of a flow in @xmath0 form knots . for _ morse - smale flows _ there are only finitely many periodic orbits . \n wada @xcite has classified all links that can be realized as a collection of closed orbits of nonsingular morse - smale flows on @xmath0 . \n further , wada s scheme ...
[ { "content": "based on a canonical quantization approach , the loop quantum gravity program gives a picture of the quantum geometry of space in terms of spin networks . \n dynamic enters the theory only through the hamiltonian constraint which is still poorly understood . \n spin foam models @xcite are alternat...
[ { "content": "cold dark matter ( cdm ) models of structure formation have been remarkably successful in explaining a wide range of observations at both low and high redshifts . however , high resolution n - body simulations of the cdm model have revealed two potential conflicts with observations . \n first , th...
[ { "content": "felix will be the first full acceptance detector at a hadron collider . \n it will be optimized for studying the structure of individual events over all of phase space ( see figure [ prodplot ] ) . \n felix will observe and measure all charged particles , from the central region all the way out to...
[ { "content": "_ dehn surgery _ is an operation to modify a three - manifold by drilling and then regluing a solid torus . \n denote by @xmath6 the resulting three - manifold via dehn surgery on a knot @xmath0 in @xmath7 along a slope @xmath8 . \n two dehn surgeries along @xmath0 with distinct slopes @xmath8 and...
[ { "content": "fifty years after the pioneering discoveries of fermi , pasta and ulam @xcite , the paradigm of coherent structures has proven itself one of the most fruitful ones of nonlinear science @xcite . \n fronts , solitons , solitary waves , breathers , or vortices are instances of such coherent structure...
[ { "content": "the strong gravitational lensing has many astrophysical and cosmological applications ( see e.g. @xcite and references therein for a review ) . \n the qualitative understanding of the majority of multi - image configurations attributed to strong lensing can usually be based on a model of single ga...
[ { "content": "clarifying the origin of ultra - high energy cosmic rays ( uhecrs ) is one of the most important unsolved problems in modern astrophysics ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n it is generally thought that cosmic rays with energies greater than 10@xmath1 ev ( 1 eev ) are of extragalactic origin because the galactic...
[ { "content": "ultracold laboratories have had great success in creating bose - einstein condensates ( becs ) @xcite in a variety of atomic gases such as rubidium ( rb ) , lithium ( li ) , sodium ( na ) and ytterbium ( yb ) . \n these quantum fluids exist in various isotopic forms as well as in different hyperf...
[ { "content": "ion - water clusters represent the transition between an ion in the gas phase and a fully hydrated ion . \n hence these systems have been extensively studied to understand the thermochemistry of hydration and to infer how bulk properties emerge from properties of ions in clusters @xcite . \n most ...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , sloane proposed the following curious problem . take a non - negative integer , write down its decimal representation , and multiply its digits together , getting a new non - negative integer . \n repeat the process until a single - digit number is obtained . \n the problem can thus be...
[ { "content": "the prediction of many grand unified theories , that nucleon decay occurs at accessible lifetimes , remains unverified but continues to motivate experimental searches . \n this expectation was foreshadowed in part by sakharov s early suggestion that the simultaneous effects of baryon number violat...
[ { "content": "anomaly - mediated supersymmetry breaking ( amsb ) models have received much attention in the literature due to their attractive properties@xcite : the soft supersymmetry ( susy ) breaking terms are completely calculable in terms of just one free parameter ( the gravitino mass , @xmath11 ) , the s...
[ { "content": "recently the nnpdf collaboration published sets of parton distribution functions with qed corrections , the so called nnpdf2.3qed sets @xcite . \n these sets contain the photon pdf with its uncertainty determined for the first time from dis and drell - yan lhc data . in this work we estimate and c...
[ { "content": "the emergence of topological order is one of the most intriguing phenomena in interacting quantum systems.@xcite most importantly perhaps , emergent quasiparticles in two - dimensional topological phases of matter can acquire non - abelian statistics and may provide quantum states with highly nonl...
[ { "content": "the first detection of the transit of an exoplanet in front of its parent star ( @xcite ; @xcite ) opened a new avenue to determine the characteristics of these exotic worlds . \n for all but the most eccentric cases , approximately half - an - orbit after their transits these planets pass behind ...
[ { "content": "in this paper we study asymptotic properties of certain extremal sequences of points defined on locally compact metric spaces . we shall refer to them as _ greedy energy sequences_. this terminology was recently introduced in @xcite . \n these sequences are indeed generated by means of a greedy al...
[ { "content": "nowadays , the application of information technology is a vital part of our daily life . \n people around the globe use billions of mobile devices daily and spend more times on using these digital devices than ever . sharing our opinions in social networks , searching the web , twitting , purchasi...
[ { "content": "two dimensional @xmath0 principal chiral models defined by the continuum lagrangian @xmath8 are the simplest quantum field theories sharing with non - abelian gauge theories the property of asymptotic freedom and whose large n limit is a sum over planar diagrams . due to the existence of higher - ...
[ { "content": "entanglement is one of the most peculiar features of quantum mechanics and it also plays the role of a fundamental resource in many applications of quantum information @xcite . on the other hand , \n entangled systems unavoidably interact with their environments causing decoherence and a loss of ...
[ { "content": "the structure and heating of the solar corona , as well as the acceleration of the solar wind , are influenced by the structure and topology of the large - scale coronal magnetic field . on this basis \n , the existence of a planet at a distance of 0.1 au or less @xcite , with a strong internal m...
[ { "content": "one of the key challenges in neuroscience is how the human brain activities can be mapped to the different brain tasks . as a conjunction between neuroscience and computer science , multi - voxel pattern analysis ( mvpa ) @xcite addresses this question by applying machine learning methods on task ...
[ { "content": "the ideas of zero range potential ( zrp ) approach were recently developed to widen limits of the traditional treatment by demkov and ostrovsky @xmath4 and albeverio et al . @xmath5 . \n the advantage of the theory is the possibility of obtaining an exact solution of scattering problem . \n the zr...
[ { "content": "cellular automata with complex behavior exhibit dynamical patterns that can be interpreted as the movement of particles through a physical medium . \n these particles are interpretable as loci for information storage , and their movement through space is interpretable as information transfer . \n ...
[ { "content": "the concept of logical depth was introduced by c. bennett @xcite to differentiate useful information ( such as dna ) from the rest , with the key observation that non - useful information pertains in both very simple structures ( for example , a crystal ) and completely unstructured data ( for exa...
[ { "content": "this supplement provides the reader with further material to assist with some of the technical materials of the main part paper for the proposed qsi hamiltonian @xcite , the numerical linked cluster ( nlc ) method @xcite gives reliable quantitative properties of the system in the thermodyna...
[ { "content": "a growing literature has presented empirical findings of the persistent impact of trade activities on economic growth and poverty reduction ( portugal - perez,@xcite,@xcite,@xcite , ackah , @xcite ) . besides discussing on the relation between trade and development , they also report on the growth...
[ { "content": "in hierachical cosmological scenarios galaxies and clusters form in virialized dark matter dominated halos that are assembled via merging and accretion of smaller structures ( white & rees 1978 , davis _ \n et al _ 1985 ; for a recent analysis , e.g. tormen 1997 , 1998 ) . until recently , to wha...
[ { "content": "spin ice are ferromagnetic frustrated rare - earth materials with pyrochlore structure @xcite . \n the rare earth ions are located at the corners of tetrahedrons , and due to the anisotropy their magnetic moments can point only in the two possible orientations in the direction that connects the co...
[ { "content": "as the amount of available sequence data from genomes or proteoms rapidly grows , one is confronted with the problem that , for a given set of taxa , tree topologies relating homologous sequences of these taxa can ( and in practice often will ) differ from the each other , depending on which locus...
[ { "content": "quantum information processing holds the promise of solving efficiently a variety of computational tasks that are intractable on a classical computer @xcite . \n such tasks are routinely decomposed into a series of single - qubit rotations and two - qubit entangling gates @xcite . while the impl...
[ { "content": "the convection - diffusion model can be expressed mathematically , which is a semi linear parabolic partial differential equation . \n specially , we consider an initial value system of _ convection - diffusion _ equation in @xmath3 dimension as : @xmath4,\\ ] ] together with the dirichlet boundar...
[ { "content": "the higgs boson search is underway at the cern lhc . by the recent results , the allowed regions of the higgs boson mass has been constrained to be 117.5 - 118.5 gev , 122.5 - 129 gev and larger than 539 gev at 95% confidence level ( cl ) at the atlas @xcite , and 114.4 - 127.5 gev and larger tha...
[ { "content": "the perovskite oxide la@xmath9a@xmath10mno@xmath2 ( a = ca , ba , sr ) has initiated a substantial body of research due to its colossal magnetoresistance @xcite . \n extensive theoretical studies and experimental investigations utilizing la@xmath9a@xmath10mno@xmath2 perovskites in bulk form reveal...
[ { "content": "surveys with bolometer arrays at millimetre ( mm ) and submillimetre ( submm ) wavelengths are potentially sensitive to dusty objects at extreme redshifts , galaxies that drop out of surveys at shorter and longer wavelengths due to obscuration and unfavourable @xmath11 corrections . \n the first c...
[ { "content": "robot design deals with complexity in a manner similar to personal computers . \n robots have input / output devices that either provide output by acting in the environment or sensors that provide input . like pcs , \n robot peripherals contain firmware ( device controllers ) to predictably and ef...
[ { "content": "the dominant feature in @xmath0 is the first tall , sharp peak at @xmath21 ( fig . \n [ fig1 ] ) . precisely at the jamming threshold , @xmath22 , this peak is a @xmath23-function at @xmath24 ; @xmath0 is precisely zero for @xmath25 and has a power - law tail extending to @xmath26 . \n the weight ...
[ { "content": "wetting phenomena occur in a large variety of experiments , where a planar substrate is exposed to a gas phase under thermal equilibrium conditions . \n generally , ` wetting ' refers to a situation where a bulk phase @xmath1 in contact with a substrate coexists with a layer of a different phase (...
[ { "content": "with the introduction of efficient multi - object spectrographs on 4m - class telescopes , it has become possible to construct large samples of faint galaxies with measured redshifts . \n with such a sample , one can compute the luminosity function ( lf ) of galaxies as a function of redshift and ...
[ { "content": "over the past few years rapidity gaps , i.e. pseudorapidity regions without hadronic activity , have been observed in hadronic collisions at both the hera @xmath7 collider @xcite and in @xmath8 collisions at the fermilab tevatron @xcite . \n such rapidity gaps are widely attributed to the exchan...
[ { "content": "strong electronic interactions are known to play a central role in disordered solids , of which coulomb glasses are a canonical example . \n the lack of metallic screening on the insulating side of the metal - insulator transition ( mit ) enables long - range coulomb interactions @xcite . \n efros...
[ { "content": "numerous techniques for forecasting electric energy consumption have been proposed in the last few decades . for operators , energy consumption ( load ) \n forecast is useful in effectively managing power systems . \n consumers can also benefit from the forecasted information in order to yield max...
[ { "content": "non - abelian anyons have a topological charge that provides a nonlocal encoding of quantum information @xcite . in superconducting implementations \n @xcite the topological charge equals the electrical charge modulo @xmath0 , shared nonlocally by a pair of midgap states called majorana fermions @...
[ { "content": "in string theory , it had been thought that standard concepts of space - time would break down at the scale @xmath3 since it is the scale of probes , i.e. fundamental strings . in @xcite , however , it was argued that the structure of space - time on sub - stringy scales can be probed by d - brane...
[ { "content": "a @xmath0-dimensional random walk that proceeds via a sequence of unit - length steps , each in an independent and uniformly random direction , is sometimes called a _ pearson rayleigh _ random walk ( prrw ) , after the exchange in the letters pages of _ nature _ between karl pearson and lord ray...
[ { "content": "massive stars , when evolving off the main sequence , undergo phases of strong mass - loss , often resulting in the formation of shells , disks or rings of circumstellar material . \n one class of evolved massive stars , b[e ] supergiants ( b[e]sgs ) , are early - type emission line stars with hig...
[ { "content": "1 . temperature dependence of the magnetization , measured with @xmath2 = 1 t with zero - field - cooling ( zfc ) , field - cooled - cooling ( fcc ) , and field - cooled - warming ( fcw ) procedures . \n the inset shows the time evolution of the normalized magnetization after zfc to @xmath15 = 8 ,...
[ { "content": "low mass x - ray binaries ( lmxbs ) are compact binaries where the primary is a compact object and the secondary a low mass star ( @xmath81@xmath7 ) . \n the secondary is transferring mass via roche - lobe overflow , forming an accretion disk around the compact object that gives rise to the observ...
[ { "content": "ithe major galaxy mergers in galaxy formation inevitably leads to the presence of a binary black hole ( bbh ) located in the center of a giant galaxy @xcite . \n the following observational results provide possible evidence of the presence of bbhs : double compact cores @xcite , two broad - line e...
[ { "content": "d.f . acknowledges financial support from the european research council under the european unions seventh framework programme ( fp/20072013)/erc ga 306559 and epsrc ( uk , grant ep / j00443x/1 ) . i. c. acknowledges financial support by the erc through the qgbe grant , by the eu - fet proactive gr...
[ { "content": "globular clusters ( gcs ) are remarkable stellar systems where a variety of compact objects may form and evolve . \n numerous millisecond pulsars ( msps ) inhabit gcs as revealed by radio observations ( lyne 1996 ) , e.g. 11 msps in 47 tuc ( robinson et al . 1995 ) . in the x - ray band , \n the ...
[ { "content": "forecasting of seasonal rainfall , especially the summer monsoon , is important to the indian economy ( @xcite ) . \n seasonal forecasts of rainfall are made at the national - scale ( @xcite ) because monsoons are large scale phenomena and there is an association between all - india summer monsoon...
[ { "content": "it is well known that the maximal visibility of hom dip in the case of classical fields is @xmath36 . \n the customarily used definition of visibility for hom dip is @xmath37 where @xmath38 the subscripts @xmath39 and @xmath40 denote the exit ports of the beam splitter . \n @xmath41 is the instate...
[ { "content": "in cosmology , one models the evolution and observables associated with an inhomogeneous universe of density @xmath0 and expansion rate @xmath1 by employing a friedmann - lematre - robertson - walker ( flrw ) homogeneous / isotropic model of density @xmath2 , where @xmath3 denotes some suitably de...
[ { "content": "since long ago the hybrid system @xmath6 , made out of @xmath29-particle , proton and electron , @xmath0 , was attempted to explore for field - free case @xcite and for the case of a magnetic field of moderate strength @xmath40a.u . \n @xcite . in both studies \n no indication to appearance of a b...
[ { "content": "is a nearby ( @xmath9pc ; * ? ? ? * ) complex star forming region . \n it hosts an ultracompact ( uc ) hii region near its center , powered by the infrared source . the molecular content of this region has been the subject of several observational studies in the last decade . \n so far , it is kno...
[ { "content": "undoubtedly the axial anomaly represents a fundamental issue for understanding the basic aspects of quantum field theory . \n this issue has been analysed deeply over the years . \n + the anomaly problem has been treated by means of renormalization procedure , giving the interpretation of its orig...
[ { "content": "lease take a look at the images in the top row of fig . \n [ fig : fig1 ] . \n which object stands out the most ( i.e. , is the most salient one ) in each of these scenes ? \n the answer is trivial . \n there is only one object , thus it is the most salient one . \n now , look at the images in the...
[ { "content": "quantum field theories have been widely accepted in the physics community , mainly because of their their well - tested predictions . \n one of the famous numbers predicted by quantum electrodynamics is the electromagnetic moment of the electron which has been tested up to a previously unencounter...
[ { "content": "thermal or pseudothermal light ( as the one obtained by scattering of coherent light by a diffuser ) presents a random intensity distribution known as speckle pattern @xcite . \n this structure can have interesting applications , e.g. in metrology @xcite . \n in particular , speckle structure of p...
[ { "content": "the mass , @xmath0 , of an isolated main - sequence star can be determined from its absolute luminosity , @xmath1 , and the mass luminosity relation , @xmath2 } , \\tau,\\mbox{\\boldmath$s$})$ ] . \n the corresponding mass(absolute - magnitude ) relation is @xmath3 , where @xmath4 represents some...
[ { "content": "the first planetary nebula ( pn ) belonging to a globular cluster ( gc ) was discovered more than 85 years ago , in m15 ( pease 1928 ) . \n it was another six decades before a second gcpn was found , this time in m22 ( gillett et al . 1989 ) . \n jacoby et al . \n ( 1997 , hereafter jmf97 ) th...
[ { "content": "the prediction of microstructural evolution in response to thermo - mechanical loading is important for materials design , processing or thermomechanical fatigue phenomena . \n computational modeling of evolving texture in response to large plastic deformation and recrystallization has been studie...
[ { "content": "the goal of this note is to use a deformation technique to construct slope stable bundles and reflexive sheaves on an arbitrary ( projective ) calabi - yau threefold with prescribed chern classes within a certain range . for a projective algebraic surface @xmath0 , \n gieseker @xcite showed tha...
[ { "content": "the small magellanic cloud ( smc ) is an excellent test - bed for studying star formation in a low - metallicity environment . \n its low metallicity ( @xmath0 0.2 z@xmath1 determined from numerous elemental abundances ; * ? ? ? * ) and strong interstellar radiation field ( isrf ; 4 - 10 g@xmath...
[ { "content": "amorphous polymer materials are commonly used in various industrial products , such as packaging films , body materials , electro - photographic toners , adhesive agents , buffer materials , etc . from the viewpoints of the control of the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of these amorphous p...
[ { "content": "the prediction of an attractive force between two uncharged , perfectly reflecting plane - parallel plates embedded in vacuum by h. b. g. casimir back in 1948 turned out to be a milestone on the way to modern quantum physics @xcite . \n the equilibrium casimir effect can be equivalently ascribe...
[ { "content": "since introduced by howard @xcite , the concept of the expected value of information has long been studied in the context of decision analysis @xcite and applied to various areas , such as medical decision making @xcite , environmental science @xcite and petroleum engineering @xcite . \n the expec...
[ { "content": "in their papers @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , ozsvth and szab constructed a decorated topological quantum field theory ( tqft ) in @xmath0 dimensions , called heegaard floer theory . \n ( strictly speaking , the axioms of a tqft need to be altered slightly . ) in its simplest version ( called hat ) ,...
[ { "content": "through the @xmath14 transition at quark level , the @xmath15 decays are able to produce the @xmath16 bound states like @xmath17 ; particularly , the hidden charm tetraquarks to consist of @xmath18 , such as @xmath19 , @xmath20 , and @xmath21 , known as the @xmath22 states @xcite . for example \n...
[ { "content": "since the first demonstration of a laser - cooled atomic beam by phillips and metcalf @xcite the development and improvement of cold atom sources has evolved into an essential activity in atomic physics laboratories . in particular sources for cold rb , k and cs received a lot of attention and bec...
[ { "content": "a good understanding of the antikaon spectral function in nuclear matter is required for the description of @xmath0-atoms @xcite and the subthreshold production of kaons in heavy ion reactions @xcite . \n an exciting consequence of a significantly reduced effective @xmath0 mass could be that kaons...
[ { "content": "the interaction between high power plasma jets and the circumgalactic medium ( cm ) is now the firmly established paradigm for radio galaxies ( rgs ) , as many talks at this meeting verify . \n the original `` twin exhaust '' model ( blandford & rees 1974 ) outlined how fast plasma jets could poss...
[ { "content": "ever since the late 1960s anomalies @xcite have played an important role in our understanding of strong - interaction physics . \n anomalies arise if the symmetries of the lagrangian at the classical level are not supported by the quantized theory after renormalization , resulting in so - called a...
[ { "content": "one of the most promising future high energy facilities is the recently proposed muon collider . in order to facilitate a decision on whether and how it should be built , all the various uses it can be put to should be assessed . \n the highly collimated and intense neutrino beams unavoidably gene...
[ { "content": "the ground state magnetic dipole moment has sensitivity to the orbital and spin components of the state wavefunction , and hence serves as an important observable in the study of nuclear structure . \n in particular , the simultaneous consideration of the magnetic dipole moments of mirror nuclei c...
[ { "content": "the rise of magnetic flux from the deep levels of the solar convection zone to the photosphere is a complex phenomenon involving many different magnetic and hydrodynamical processes . \n particular attention has been devoted in the past @xmath5 years to the time - evolution of a single buoyant mag...
[ { "content": "it is the purpose of this paper to extend the results of yetter @xcite , generalizing classical results of gerstenhaber @xcite and gerstenhaber and schack @xcite on the infinitesimal deformation theory of associative algebras and poset - indexed diagrams of associative algebras to a deformation th...
[ { "content": "since the celebrated paper by edwards and anderson@xcite , mean - field theory of spin glass ( sg ) has been extensively investigated . \n the replica theory@xcite is one of the most successful achievement that has revealed the nature of the low temperature phase of mean - field sg models . \n par...
[ { "content": "the frequent association of flat or inverted radio spectra with the parsec - scale knots in the jets of luminous active galactic nuclei ( agn ; bl lacertae objects and quasars ) is commonly interpreted in terms of synchrotron self - absorption ( ssa ) effects . \n a combination of very long baseli...
[ { "content": "investigation on anisotropy of extremely high energy cosmic rays is one of the most important aspects to reveal their origin . in energies \n @xmath5 10@xmath0ev , cosmic rays slightly deflect in the galactic magnetic field if they are protons of galactic origin , so that one could observe the cor...
[ { "content": "compact muon solenoid ( cms ) experiment @xcite has been collecting data successfully since the start of the first large hadron collider ( lhc ) physics run in 2009 . during two future long shutdown periods of the accelerator , the cms collaboration intends to upgrade several subsystems of its de...
[ { "content": "our aim in physics is not only to calculate some observable and get a correct number but mainly to understand a physical picture responsible for the given phenomenon . \n it very often happens that a theory formulated in terms of fundamental degrees of freedom can not answer such a question since ...
[ { "content": "the baker - campbell - hausdorff formula is the expansion of @xmath3 in terms of nested commutators for the non - commuting variables @xmath1 and @xmath2 , where the commutator of @xmath4 and @xmath5 is defined as @xmath6 : = ab - ba$ ] . \n the explicit combinatorial form of it was given by dynki...
[ { "content": "superconducting nanowire single - photon detectors ( snspd s ) are promising devices for the detection of single photons because of their fast response time , broadband sensitivity , and low dark - count rate@xcite . \n a variety of materials are currently being used , with the common denominator ...
[ { "content": "the first metal enrichment in the universe was made by the supernova ( sn ) explosions of population ( pop ) iii stars . despite the importance of pop iii stars in the evolution of the early universe , \n their properties are still uncovered . \n the main issues is the typical masses of pop iii st...
[ { "content": "the einstein field equation has two parameters , the cosmological constant @xmath9 and the gravitational constant @xmath10 . in 1998 , \n the discovery that the accelerated expansion of the universe is driven by the dark energy ( de ) from the type ia supernovae ( sn ia ) observations ( riess et a...
[ { "content": "the fully dressed fermionic propagator @xmath105 is calculated from the bare propagator @xmath106^{-1}$ ] via the dyson equation @xmath107 where @xmath108 are fermionic matsubara frequencies , and @xmath109 is the self - energy which captures the interaction effects . \n dilute fermi gases are wel...
[ { "content": "long time ago , the observational evidence for ms stars has been the very first challenge for the theory of stellar structure and the prediction for underluminous metal poor ms stars has been among the very first success of the theory . since that time \n , the location in the color magnitude ( cm...
[ { "content": "this work was supported by the canada excellence research chairs ( cerc ) program , the natural sciences and engineering research council of canada ( nserc ) and the uk epsrc . o.s.m.l . \n acknowledges support from conacyt and the mexican secretaria de educacion publica ( sep ) . \n dklo , jj , a...
[ { "content": "a random tensor is a @xmath0-dimensional array of random variables . \n the joint probability distribution is typically chosen to be @xmath1-invariant . \n just like unitary invariance in random ( hermitian or complex ) matrices selects matrix traces as natural invariant observables , the invarian...
[ { "content": "one of the interesting possibilities which open up in theories with more than four spacetime dimensions is to explain the misterious pattern of fermion mass hierarchies @xcite . in previous works @xcite , \n we have shown how a single family of fermions , with vectorlike couplings to the standard ...
[ { "content": "we first calculate the electronic spin driven by the effective su(2 ) yang - mills field due to the spin - orbit interaction . to confirm rigorously the su(2 ) gauge covariance \n , we consider up to the third - order contribution of the non - abelian spin - orbit gauge potential . \n therefore , ...
[ { "content": "in many applications , the input and output of the controller are quantized signals . \n this is due to the physical properties of the actuators / sensors and the data - rate limitation of links connected to the controller . \n quantized control for linear time - invariant systems actively studied...
[ { "content": "graphene has been long studied as a theoretical toy model not only to understand it s appealing physical properties,@xcite but also as a basic building block of various carbon allotropes like graphite,@xcite and more recently fullerenes and nanotubes.@xcite while graphite is the three dimensional ...