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[ { "content": "the large hadron collider ( lhc ) is the last in the series of hadron colliders after the isr ( intersecting storage ring ) , sps ( super proton synchrotron ) , tevatron , hera and rhic ( relativistic heavy ion collider ) . \n the machine elements are installed on average 100 m below the surface ...
[ { "content": "the adiabatic - connection fluctuation - dissipation theorem ( acfdt ) provides an exact representation of the electronic correlation energy in term of the interacting density response function , within density functional theory ( dft).@xcite a major advantage of this method , is that it naturally...
[ { "content": "last decade has seen a major shift in stellar spectroscopy : a slow collection of individual spectra has been accelerated by massive surveys , mostly using fiber - fed spectrographs with hundreds of spectra observed simultaneously . \n the past and ongoing efforts include rave @xcite , gaia - eso ...
[ { "content": "many of the high - energy theories of fundamental physics are formulated in higher - dimensional spacetimes . in particular , the idea of extra dimensions has been extensively used in supergravity and superstring theories . \n it is commonly assumed that the extra dimensions are compactified . fro...
[ { "content": "there are general reasons for the interest in the possibility of cp violation in the scalar sector . \n cp violation is a necessary ingredient for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe @xcite . \n it is believed that cp violation in the kobayashi \n maskawa matrix is not large eno...
[ { "content": "let us consider a random sequence @xmath27 of total length @xmath28 with alphabet @xmath29 . \n each position of @xmath27 is independently assigned the letter @xmath30 , @xmath31 , @xmath32 , or @xmath33 with corresponding probabilities @xmath34 , @xmath35 , @xmath36 and @xmath37 ( @xmath38 ) . \n...
[ { "content": "stellar bars play an important role in the dynamical evolution of gas in galaxies . by introducing a non - axisymmetric torque \n , they produce interesting morphological substructures in the gaseous medium , including a pair of dust lanes at the leading side of the bar , a nuclear ring near the c...
[ { "content": "a feshbach resonance can occur in collision events , when a closed channel bound state of a specific electronic level of an atom is coupled to the scattering continuum of an open channel of another electronic level of the atom @xcite . \n if the energy of the discrete closed channel state is very...
[ { "content": "extreme horizontal - branch ( ehb ) stars occupy the hot end of the horizontal branch ( hb ) in globular clusters with extended blue hb tails . \n the envelope masses of these stars are too small ( @xmath2 @xmath30.02 @xmath4 ) to sustain hydrogen - shell burning , and thus nearly all of their l...
[ { "content": "recent years have seen a surge of modelling particle dynamics from a discrete potential theoretic perspective . \n the models , which usually run under the heading _ aggregation models _ , in particular cases boil down to ( harmonic / poisson ) redistribution of a given initial mass ( sandpile ) a...
[ { "content": "in previous papers @xcite , we reported on the spectra of four comets observed by the _ far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer _ ( _ fuse _ ) . launched in june 1999 , _ fuse _ operated through october 2007 providing an orbiting capability with a spectral resolution better than 0.4 in the wave...
[ { "content": "investigation of reactions involving weakly bound projectiles and the influence of their low binding energies on various reaction channels has received a fillip in recent years , especially in the context of the increasing number of radioactive ion beam facilities . to have a proper understanding ...
[ { "content": "it has been believed that hadron matter changes to quark matter at high - density region by way of the `` deconfinement phase transition '' . \n unfortunately the deconfinement phase transition have not been well understood up to now , and many authors have studied it by model calculations or by f...
[ { "content": "it is widely accepted that quantum entanglement is an essential ingredient for the implementation of quantum information processing devices @xcite . \n creating highly entangled multi - particle states is therefore one of the most challenging goals of modern experimental quantum mechanics . \n qua...
[ { "content": "here we briefly outline basic steps and main results of the spin - wave calculations for the energy spectrum and the magnon relaxation rates of the @xmath143@xmath144 antiferromagnet on a honeycomb lattice . \n the harmonic spin - wave analysis of the nearest - neighbor heisenberg honeycomb - latt...
[ { "content": "the ` bright nova ' s andromedae ( s and ) was discovered in the central bulge of m31 ( ngc 224 ) during late august of 1885 . \n it is believed to have been a type ia supernova ( sn ia ) on the basis of an apparent absence of hydrogen balmer lines @xcite and a close match of nearly all report...
[ { "content": "the casimir effect @xcite , inspiring many branches of physics @xcite , features a decisive geometry dependence : the fluctuation - induced interaction between test bodies or surfaces depends on their shape and orientation . \n this is because the casimir effect arises from the fluctuation spectru...
[ { "content": "understanding the transport of angular momentum in accretion disks is one of the basic challenges in modern astrophysics . \n the traditional approach ( @xcite ) is to assume that accretion disks are characterized by an effective viscosity , arising from an unspecified collective process , given b...
[ { "content": "recent measurements of luminosity distances using supernovae type ia ( snia ) @xcite , of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) temperature anisotropies with the wilkinson microwave anisotropy ( wmap ) satellite @xcite , large scale structure @xcite , the integrated sachs \n wolfe effect @xcite ...
[ { "content": "in the standard model ( sm ) , @xmath3 is dominated by contributions from the gluonic and electroweak penguin ( ewp ) operators , @xmath4 and @xmath5 . in the @xmath6 \n chiral limit , the @xmath2 matrix elements of the ewp operators @xmath7 , are determined by two 4-quark vevs , @xmath8 and @xmat...
[ { "content": "as is well known , a so - called excess current @xmath5 appears at large voltages @xmath1 in josephson junctions ( jj ) with a direct conductance,@xcite that is , the current @xmath5 arises in jjs of the s / n / s or s / c / s types , where n denotes a normal metal ( a wire or a film ) and c ...
[ { "content": "after this paper has been written , paper @xcite appeared , where ( among some other topics ) the addition law for energy - momentum was modified as compared to the one used in @xcite . \n this was done to comply with the physical requirement that a set of particles with even sub - planckian energ...
[ { "content": "laser induced particle acceleration has drawn considerable interest among researchers all over the world since the pioneering work by tajima and dawson @xcite . \n the acceleration gradient of conventional linear accelerators is of the order of @xmath0 v / cm , however today s state of the art las...
[ { "content": "we consider numerical inversion of a forward deformation vector field ( dvf ) from one image to another . very often the inverse dvf is needed along with the forward dvf to map medical images , structures , or doses back and forth throughout the process of 4d image reconstruction and adaptive radi...
[ { "content": "two - dimensional ( 2d ) systems play a central role in contemporary condensed matter physics . \n novel phenomena such as the quantum hall effect @xcite observed when a 2d electron gas at low temperature is subjected to a strong magnetic field , as well as practical developments based on quasi-2d...
[ { "content": "gamma - ray line astronomy has opened a new and unique window for studying nucleosynthesis in our galaxy . \n the singular advantage of gamma - ray spectroscopy over other observations is that it offers the opportunity to detect directly and identify uniquely individual isotopes at their birthplac...
[ { "content": "let us consider the hamiltonian system @xmath5 with @xmath6 , called the _ \n potential_. system describes the motion of a particle in the plane submitted to the force field @xmath7 . \n it always admits the so - called _ hamiltonian _ @xmath8 as a rational first integral . \n the potential @xm...
[ { "content": "in 2005 , three years after the first h.e.s.s . 12 m telescope was commissioned and one year after the fourth was installed , the decision was taken by french and german agencies to build a fifth instrument . \n this new imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescope was mainly designed to obtain an ener...
[ { "content": "a role for modification of activation functions , or intrinsic plasticity ( ip ) , for behavioral learning has been demonstrated for a number of systems @xcite . \n for instance , in rabbit eyeblink conditioning , when ion channels related to afterhyperpolarization are being suppressed by a learni...
[ { "content": "in an attempt to understand the molecular content and physical characteristics of interstellar gas in the low galactic halo , we exploit infrared and ultraviolet data from two nasa satellites : the _ infrared astronomical satellite _ ( _ iras _ ) mission of 1983 and the _ far ultraviolet spectrosc...
[ { "content": "a variety of data in many different fields can be described by networks . \n examples include friendship and social networks , food webs , protein - protein interaction and gene regulatory networks , the world wide web , and many others . \n one of the fundamental problems in network science is li...
[ { "content": "the camassa - holm ( ch ) equation @xmath3 was discovered by camassa and holm @xcite as a model for unidirectional propagation of waves in shallow water , @xmath4 representing the height of the free surface about a flat bottom , @xmath5 being a constant related to the critical shallow water speed ...
[ { "content": "proposition 4.15 of the monograph _ knots _ @xcite erroneously asserts and proves that a satellite knot is fibered if and only if it has nonzero winding number and both its companion and pattern knots are fibered . in 1990 , the third author of the present paper contacted the authors of _ knots _ ...
[ { "content": "the recent discovery at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) of a spin zero resonance @xcite , most certainly the standard model ( sm ) higgs boson , have already given some clues of what kind of new physics we need to proceed beyond . besides , we know that the sm is not the last answer to the ques...
[ { "content": "the two gap superconductor mgb@xmath0 is considered to be a good candidate for superconducting devices due to its comparatively high critical temperature , its easy handling and cheap preparation . \n presently , its use in josephson junctions is being investigated @xcite . \n one of its peculiar...
[ { "content": "ls i + 61@xmath0303 is among the few binaries observed to date to emit high energy @xmath4-rays . \n it hosts a bo ve main - sequence star ( hutchings & crampton 1981 ; casares et al . 2005 ) , orbited by a compact object of yet unknown nature , with a period of 26.4960@xmath30.0026 days ( greg...
[ { "content": "avoided crossing of energy levels is a universal phenomenon for the quantum non - integrable systems where the symmetry break leads to the splitting of degenerate energy levels forming a tiny energy gap . around the avoided crossing point of the two levels the landau - zener tunnelling ( lzt ) mod...
[ { "content": "quantum inversion has many applications in nuclear physics . \n most of the potential descriptions of the few - body nuclear scattering base on the inversion of the scattering data . \n though nucleon - nucleon interaction is used as input for all nuclear calculations , here we always have some fi...
[ { "content": "as the most massive gravitationally bound systems in the universe , the rate of emergence of galaxy clusters since the big bang might be expected to be among the most straightforward predictions of cosmological models . yet despite the advent of the era of precision cosmology ushered in by observa...
[ { "content": "we are grateful to the u.s . \n department of energy for financial support .", "role": "user" }, { "content": "this paper demonstrates that complex @xmath0-symmetric periodic potentials possess real band spectra \n . however , there are significant qualitative differences in the band s...
[ { "content": "in molecular clouds , clumps of gas can become gravitationally bound and contract . ultimately , the compressing gas heats up sufficiently to drive the fusion of hydrogen into helium and the birth of a star . for most of its life , hydrogen fusion powers the star ( the so - called main sequence ev...
[ { "content": "the search for supersymmetric particles is now an integral part of all current , as well as future , experimental programs at high - energy colliders . aside from many attractive features of supersymmetry ( susy ) \n @xcite , the driving force for these searches comes from the recognition that wea...
[ { "content": "perhaps the most classical population model is the _ galton - watson branching process_. originally devised to model the survival of aristocratic patrilineal surnames , the galton - watson process may be described as follows : start with one existing particle . at every time step , \n all existing...
[ { "content": "when transforming results from lattice simulations into a continuum scheme such as @xmath0 it is often desirable to know the perturbative expansion of the renormalized coupling in powers of the bare lattice coupling . \n this is useful as an intermediate step for relating the @xmath0 coupling to t...
[ { "content": "a fundamental problem of broad theoretical and practical interest is to characterize the maximum correlation between the outputs of a pair of functions of random sequences . \n consider the two distributed agents shown in figure [ fig : agents ] . \n a pair of correlated discrete memoryless source...
[ { "content": "the start of the lhc has greatly motivated detailed phenomenological studies of scenarios which involve physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) . among them \n d - brane constructions in string theory are one of the most promising framework in which the sm can be embedded and extended . such bran...
[ { "content": "to continuous introduction of mobile devices and services , future cellular systems are facing a significantly increased number of mobile devices requesting large data volume . to accommodate such a large growth of mobile devices , there are active researches on the 5th generation ( 5 g ) cellular...
[ { "content": "hh 1 and 2 were the first herbig - haro ( hh ) objects to be discovered ( herbig 1951 ; haro 1952 ) , and have played an important role in the field of hh objects ( see the historical review of raga et al . \n for example , hst images ( schwartz et al . 1993 ; hester et al . 1998 ) , proper motio...
[ { "content": "particle current trough a coherent mesoscopic conductor connected at its left and right hand side to reservoirs is usually described in the non - interacting case by a formula , due to landauer , based on the following physical picture : electrons in the left ( right ) reservoir which are fermi di...
[ { "content": "the recent upgrade of the very large array ( vla ) has resulted in a greatly increased imaging sensitivity due to the availability of large instantaneous bandwidths at the receivers and correlator . \n at least two new dish array telescopes ( in particular , askap and meerkat ) are currently under...
[ { "content": "we are interested in rg flows in two - dimensional euclidean quantum field theories . \n we will look at flows that originate in a uv fixed point described by a 2d @xmath0 and arrive at an ir fixed point described by a @xmath1 which may be trivial if a mass gap develops along the flow . \n the flo...
[ { "content": "directional detection allows for unambiguous observation of dark matter ( dm ) even in presence of insidious backgrounds . when a weakly interacting massive particle ( wimp ) collides with a nucleus in the active mass of the detector , the direction of the nuclear recoil encodes the direction of t...
[ { "content": "many studies of globular cluster evolution have focused on internal mechanisms which drive evolution . \n this work has produced a clear picture in which initial stellar evolution causes significant mass loss from a nascent cluster ( e.g. chernoff & weinberg 1990 ) ; two - body relaxation leads to...
[ { "content": "the classification of the smooth projective varieties satisfying at least one laplace equation is a classical problem , still very far from being solved . \n we recall that a projective variety @xmath8 is said to satisfy a laplace equation of order @xmath0 , for an integer @xmath9 , if its @xmath0...
[ { "content": "the pauli exclusion principle ( pep ) is a consequence of the spin - statistics connection @xcite and plays a fundamental role in our understanding of many physical and chemical phenomena , from the periodic table of elements , to the electric conductivity in metals , to the degeneracy pressure , ...
[ { "content": "a billiard ball , i.e. a point mass , moves inside a polygon @xmath0 with unit speed along a straight line until it reaches the boundary @xmath1 , then instantaneously changes direction according to the mirror law : `` the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection , '' and continues ...
[ { "content": "supernova type 1a ( snia ) distance modulus measurements have grown into a powerful measurement of the equation of state of our universe . \n accurate cosmological distances combined with redshift measurements allow for a precise characterisation of the hubble flow as well as the additional accele...
[ { "content": "adiabatic quantum computation ( aqc ) was proposed by farhi et al.@xcite in 2000 . \n the aqc model is based on the _ adiabatic theorem _ ( see , e.g. @xcite ) . \n informally , the theorem says that if we take a quantum system whose hamiltonian `` slowly '' changes from @xmath3 ( initial hamilto...
[ { "content": "in this paper we present the results of our follow - up work on the 9th cambridge survey ( 9c hereafter ) . \n the 9c survey was carried out at 15ghz with the ryle telescope ( rt see * ? ? ? \n * ) , primarily motivated by the need to identify foreground sources in the fields surveyed by the cambr...
[ { "content": "supermassive black holes with masses @xmath8 are ubiquitous in the nuclei of local galaxies of moderate to high mass ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n it is now well established that most of the total mass in black holes in the nearby universe was accreted in luminous episodes with high eddington rates ( e.g. ,...
[ { "content": "infrared radiation from molecules and grains in space is usually or mostly attributed to heating by visible and uv light absorption . \n while this may be justified by the ubiquity of light radiation , it must be remembered that the ism ( interstellar medium ) is also permeated with atomic hydroge...
[ { "content": "despite the fact that self - organization of a system in an out - of - equilibrium state plays a crucial role in dynamical structural formation in nature , physical principles behind such phenomena have remained elusive . \n active matter @xcite and driven granular matter @xcite are two important ...
[ { "content": "the observation of gravitational waves ( gws ) by advanced laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory ( aligo ) @xcite has initiated a new era of exploring the cosmology , the nature of gravity as well as the fundamental particle physics by the gws detectors @xcite . especially , due th...
[ { "content": "the higgs sector is ( so far ) an elusive basic ingredient of the fundamental theory of particle interactions . \n searches for higgs bosons , and the study of their properties , are one of the primary goals of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) at cern , which is scheduled to commence taking data ...
[ { "content": "accretion disks are important in several astrophysical systems . they can be found around young stellar objects(yso ) , around compact stellar objects in our galaxy and around several super - massive black holes in active galactic nuclei(agn ) . in super massive accretion disks \n the mass of b...
[ { "content": "dynamics in strong fields has been an interesting subject in theoretical physics . \n recently , this subject is being paid attention also in the experimental physics of creation of the quark gluon plasma . in high - energy heavy - ion collision experiments , at the so - called glasma stage @xcit...
[ { "content": "the sum - over - states ( sos ) expressions have been used for more than three decades in the study of nonlinear optical phenomena , and are perhaps the most universally used equations in molecular nonlinear optics . \n the sum - over - states expression is obtained from quantum perturbation theor...
[ { "content": "methanol masers in the @xmath0 line at 84521.21 mhz were found by batrla and menten ( 1988 ) and menten ( 1991 ) towards ngc 2264 , omc-2 , and dr 21 , but no extended survey in this line had been done . \n the @xmath0 transition belongs to the class i ( menten , 1991 ) . \n its excitation i...
[ { "content": "the notion of spin currents describing the motion of magnetic moments associated with the spins of the electrons in solids is of central importance in the field of spintronics where one tries to use the spin degree of freedom to store and process information . \n unfortunately , in systems lacking...
[ { "content": "the past 15 years have seen large advances in the capabilities of ground - based gamma ray detection , from the pioneering observation of the crab nebula by the whipple observatory in 1989@xcite to the new generation of air cherenkov telescope arrays such as hess@xcite , veritas@xcite , and cangar...
[ { "content": "the taub - nut ( newman , unti and tamburino ) space - time @xcite is a stationary , spherically symmetric and non - asymptotically flat solution of the vacuum einstein equation in general theory of relativity . \n the space - time has topology @xmath0 with lorentzian signature @xcite . \n the nut...
[ { "content": "a tv broadcast speech database named kalaka-2 @xcite is employed for analysing language - dependent speech . \n it was originally designed for language recognition evaluation purposes and consists of wide - band tv broadcast speech recordings ( roughly 4 hours per language ) featuring 6 different ...
[ { "content": "an electron traversing a path enclosing magnetic flux acquires an additional phase by the magnetic vector potential . \n this additional phase causes the aharonov - bohm ( ab ) oscillation of the electronic magnetoconductance@xcite with the period of @xmath3 . \n the ab oscillation in solid state ...
[ { "content": "the all - sky survey high resolution air - shower detector ( ashra ) @xcite is an experiment for obtaining fine images of air - showers produced by very high energy ( vhe ) cosmic - ray particles as well as directly observing starlight to monitor optical transients . \n ashra has an potential to ...
[ { "content": "measurements of the diffuse ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation field have to contend with a number of contaminating sources including atmospheric emission lines and the zodiacal light @xcite . \n these foreground sources are particularly important at high galactic latitudes where the galactic contributi...
[ { "content": "the initial observations by the batse instrument on board the compton @xmath6-ray observatory satellite have evidenced what has later become known as the prompt radiation of grbs . on the basis of their hardness as well as their duration , grbs were initially classified into short and long at a ti...
[ { "content": "all graphs throughout are assumed to be finite , simple , and undirected . for terminology \n not defined here we refer to @xcite or @xcite . \n a graph is called _ @xmath0-connected _ ( @xmath12 ) if @xmath13 and @xmath14 is connected for all @xmath15 with @xmath16 . \n let @xmath17 denote the ...
[ { "content": "supernova remnants ( snrs ) are canonically considered the main sources of cosmic - rays in the galaxy . \n the detection of non - thermal x - ray emission from snrs clearly indicates that electrons are actually accelerated around the snr shocks @xcite , and the observations can constrain the elec...
[ { "content": "horn and weinstein@xcite and horn et al@xcite proposed the @xmath0expansion for the calculation of the ground \n state energy of quantum mechanical models . \n it is the taylor expansion about @xmath1 of a monotonically decreasing function @xmath2 that leads to the ground \n state energy when @xm...
[ { "content": "title of program : siliconiap computer hardware and operating system : any shared memory computer running under unix or linux programming language : fortran90 with openmp compiler directives memory requirements : roughly 150 words per atom no . of bits in a word : 64 no . of process...
[ { "content": "hard exclusive meson production in deep inelastic lepton scattering provides access to the unknown generalized parton distributions ( gpds ) of the nucleon @xcite . for such reactions \n , it has been shown that for longitudinal virtual photons , the @xmath3 amplitude can be factorized into a har...
[ { "content": "rovibrationally excited h@xmath0 molecules have been observed in many astrophysical objects ( for recent studies , see weintraub et al . \n 1998 ; van dishoeck et al . 1998 ; shupe et al . \n 1998 ; bujarrabal et al . 1998 ; stanke et al . 1998 ) . \n the rovibrational levels of the molecule may b...
[ { "content": "quantum information science ( see e.g. @xcite and references therein ) has received an increased attention in recent years due to the understanding that it enables to perform procedures not possible by purely classical resources . \n experimental techniques to manipulate increasingly complex quan...
[ { "content": "the force between uncharged conducting surfaces , the so - called `` casimir force , '' has been described as one of the least intuitive consequences of quantum electrodynamics . for conducting parallel flat plates separated by distance @xmath0 , \n this force per unit area @xmath1 has the magnitu...
[ { "content": "a decade has passed since the discovery of the association between the long - duration gamma ray burst ( grb ) 980425 and the broad - lined type ic sn 1998bw @xcite . \n this realization led to a renewed interest in the study of stripped - envelope core - collapse supernovae ( sne ) . in the ca...
[ { "content": "a remarkable and intimate connection between gravity and yang - mills amplitudes exist through the kawai - lewellen - tye ( klt ) relations @xcite . in the field theory limit ( @xmath0 ) these relations \n take the form @xmath1 here @xmath2 , @xmath3 , @xmath4 are gravity and yang - mills amplitu...
[ { "content": "cosmological observations imply the existence of dark matter ( dm ) to be the dominant component of cosmical matter@xcite . \n its relic density has been determined precisely by the wmap experiment to be @xmath12@xcite and it is believed to be non - baryonic , cold , dissipationless and stable on ...
[ { "content": "redshift surveys have shown that the clustering properties of galaxies strongly depend on their luminosity , color and morphological ( or spectral ) type ( e.g. @xcite ; @xcite ) . \n this indicates that galaxies do not perfectly trace the distribution of the underlying dark matter , a phenomenon ...
[ { "content": "in order to be manipulated and transmitted information should be encoded into some degree of freedom of a physical system . ultimately , this means that the input alphabet should correspond to the spectrum of some observable , _ i.e. _ that information is transmitted using _ \n quantum signals_. a...
[ { "content": "the isolation of a single carbon layer via micromechanical cleavage has triggered immense research activity.@xcite apart from the anomalous quantum hall effect due to chiral dirac - like quasi - particles,@xcite the finite `` universal '' dc conductivity at the neutrality point attracted major att...
[ { "content": "mixing of scalar fields is a problem that is crucial to several environmental issues as well as engineering applications . in many situations \n the underlying flow is spatially smooth and divergence - free while molecular diffusion is usually much weaker than the stirring strength of the flow ( s...
[ { "content": "two dimensional spiral waves are observed in many different situations @xcite . in excitable biological tissue such as the cerebral cortex , \n the myocardium or the retina , spirals are usually precursors to serious pathological conditions @xcite . \n thus there is great interest in understanding...
[ { "content": "at the 2012 varenna summer school on _ physics of complex colloids _ , i gave a series of lectures on computer simulations in the context of complex liquids . \n the lectures were introductory , although occasionally , i would mix in a more general cautionary remark \n . it seemed to me that there...
[ { "content": "evidences for the existence of dark matter are mainly coming from cosmological observations related to the physics of gravity . \n these include the relic density of dark matter , anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) , large scale structure of the universe , as well as the bulle...
[ { "content": "cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are close binary systems in which a late - type star ( secondary ) fills its roche lobe and transfers mass through the inner lagrangian point to a white dwarf ( primary ) . \n gw librae was the first cv discovered with an accreting white dwarf showing photometric vari...
[ { "content": "cryogenic radiation - detectors that utilize ionization , phonon and / or scintillation measurements are being used in a number of experiments . \n both the cryogenic dark matter search ( cdms ) @xcite and edelweiss @xcite dark matter search utilize silicon and / or germanium targets to detect r...
[ { "content": "random ( and other ) paraxial optical fields generically contain numerous point topological singularities ( defects ) in a plane ( the @xmath14-plane ) oriented perpendicular to the propagation direction ( @xmath15-axis ) . \n these singularities , which include phase singularities ( optical vorti...
[ { "content": "although pulsar - like stars have many different manifestations , they are populated mainly by rotation - powered radio pulsars . \n a lot of information about pulsar radiative process is inferred from the integrated and individual pulses , the sub - pulses , and even the micro - structures of rad...
[ { "content": "in the past decade , we have seen enormous progress in understanding flavor physics and @xmath1 violation . after turning on in 1999 , the new asymmetric - energy @xmath0 factories , pep - ii @xcite and kekb @xcite , quickly achieved luminosities that exceeded their design targets and the expect...
[ { "content": "during the last three decades there has been an increasing number of papers devoted to the study of random graphs and complex networks , in view of the fact that they describe systems in many knowledge areas : from maths and physics to finance and social sciences , passing through biology and chem...