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mnsm92
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[ { "content": "for the past decade or so , the study of first - order phase transitions in cosmology has been the focus of much interest due to their possible relevance to the physics of the early universe . \n some well - known examples are inflationary models @xcite , the quark - hadron transition @xcite and ,...
[ { "content": "when two systems are immersed in an environment , then , besides and at the same time with the quantum decoherence phenomenon , the environment can also generate a quantum entanglement of the two systems @xcite . in certain circumstances , the environment enhances the entanglement and in others it...
[ { "content": "in the last 20 years and especially in the most recent ones , considerable progress has been achieved both theoretically and experimentally in the investigation of nuclear reaction dynamics and thermodynamics in the fermi energy regime @xcite . from a theoretical point of view \n , strong effo...
[ { "content": "since their experimental discovery , graphite monolayers , also known as graphene , have attracted a huge amount of interest among both experimentalists and theorists due to the linear low energy dispersion and various properties stemming from this unusual dispersion @xcite . \n for instance , gra...
[ { "content": "a very active investigation of excitons in coupled quantum wells for more than two decades was first motivated by the possibility to reach bose condensation and superfluidity in this system . \n further experiments discovered a very large number of related phenomena and quite rich physics of the s...
[ { "content": "at the time of the birth of general relativity ( gr ) , experimental confirmation was almost a side issue . \n einstein did calculate observable effects of general relativity , such as the deflection of light , which were tested , but compared to the inner consistency and elegance of the theory , ...
[ { "content": "figure [ rho_t ] shows the temperature dependence of @xmath4-axis resistivity at zero and 45 t fields . at zero field \n , @xmath11 is metallic all the way down to @xmath0 . \n this represents a clear contrast with the semiconductinglike upturn in @xmath14 observed at lower dopings of bi@xmath2s...
[ { "content": "and its sister source , , were the first objects dubbed `` micro - quasars '' . \n their spectra are typical of galactic black hole candidates ( bhcs ) , and they are associated with time variable cores of double - lobed radio sources , reminiscent of extra - galactic radio sources . \n this morp...
[ { "content": "diseases spread over networks . \n the spreading dynamics are closely related to the structure of networks . for this reason network epidemiology \n has turned into of the most vibrant subdisciplines of complex network studies . \n @xcite a topic of great practical importance within network epidem...
[ { "content": "in qcd or the massive schwinger model in @xmath3 vacuum @xcite , it is well known that the scalar operator condense while the pseudoscalar does not ; @xmath4 where the second equation follows from parity symmetry . however , \n if we have a non - zero @xmath5 term , which violates parity symmetry ...
[ { "content": "a basic prediction of @xmath5cdm galaxy - formation models is the existence of a hot ( @xmath6k ) halo of gas accreted from the intergalactic medium around milky way - sized galaxies ( extending to the virial radius ) , which forms as infalling gas is heated to the virial temperature at an accreti...
[ { "content": "optimal control theory is concerned with the analysis of controlled dynamical systems , where one aims at steering such a system from a given configuration to some desired target one by minimizing or maximizing some criterion . the pontryagin maximum principle ( denoted in short pmp ) , establishe...
[ { "content": "this measurement is the first step towards a high - statistics dalitz - plot analysis of the @xmath1 decay . \n the latter could give insight into the controversy on the s - wave @xmath5 contribution in these decays @xcite , as well as a sensitive study of the @xmath6 violation in the neutral d me...
[ { "content": "the packing of a long flexible rod of diameter @xmath0 into a finite quasi - two - dimensional domain of height @xmath1 yields a network of loops which is a pattern of folds that belongs to a new class of light - weight cellular materials with variable degrees of rigidity and with great potential ...
[ { "content": "cavity quantum electrodynamics ( cqed ) has continued to develop rapidly , driven both by recent experimental successes and by the promise of exciting new applications . \n advances in atom cooling techniques , as well as development of high - q optical cavities with large dipole coupling , have e...
[ { "content": "the differential emission measure ( dem ) diagnostic technique offers crucial information about the thermal structuring of the solar and stellar atmospheres , providing a measure of the temperature distribution of the plasma along the line of sight ( los ) . \n however , to derive the dem from a s...
[ { "content": "the method of very long baseline interferometry ( vlbi ) first proposed by @xcite allows us to derive source positions with nanoradian precision ( 1 nrad @xmath1 0.2 mas ) . since 1971 \n when the first catalogue of source coordinates determined with vlbi was published @xcite , the number of extr...
[ { "content": "one of the main phenomenological attractions of using d - branes is that they permit a `` bottom - up '' approach to constructing the standard model from type ii string theory . \n open strings that begin and end on a stack @xmath6 of @xmath12 d - branes generate the gauge bosons of a ( supersymme...
[ { "content": "entanglement of formation ( eof)@xcite and relative entropy of entanglement ( ree)@xcite are two major entanglement monotones for bipartite systems . for pure states @xmath0 the eof @xmath1 is defined as a von neumann entropy of its subsystem @xmath2 . on the contrary , ree is defined as minimum v...
[ { "content": "in this supplementary section we present a list of virtual processes that contribute to the first term of eq.(9 ) in the main text . \n table i corresponds to the single - level anderson model , whereas tables ii - iv dwell on the universal hamiltonian . \n in addition , we present the dimensionle...
[ { "content": "this paper describes constraints on possible new spin - coupled interactions using a torsion pendulum containing @xmath31 polarized electrons . \n several rather different considerations motivated this work . general relativity ( the classical theory that forms the standard model of gravity ) does...
[ { "content": "light beams propagating in optically uniaxial crystals , with two principal dielectric indexes , exhibit birefringence or double refraction , _ \n i.e. _ decomposition of an input beam into ordinary ( o ) and extraordinary ( e ) beams with orthogonal linear polarizations . \n the extraordinary bea...
[ { "content": "physicists have recently shown that network analysis is a powerful tool to study the statistical properties of complex biological , technological and social systems of diverse kinds@xcite . \n many networks exhibit a scale - free degree distribution in which the probability @xmath0 that a vertex i...
[ { "content": "it was proposed by efimov in 1970 that if two spinless neutral bosons interact resonantly then the addition of a third identical particle leads to the appearance of an infinite number of bound three - body energy levels @xcite . \n this occurs simultaneously with the divergence of the @xmath1-wav...
[ { "content": "spin qubits confined in semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for quantum computing@xcite due to their demonstrated long coherence time , high control fidelities@xcite as well as expected scalability . \n a natural approach , proposed by loss and divincenzo,@xcite is to encode one qu...
[ { "content": "after many years of intensive research in the `` quantum chaos area '' it is now commonly accepted that the quantum behavior of complex systems may be strongly correlated with the character of their classical motion @xcite . even such a purely quantum phenomenon as tunneling \n may be profoundly a...
[ { "content": "neutrino physics is entering a new era of precision measurements of oscillation parameters . \n the measured value of the atmospheric neutrino mass splitting is such that current and future accelerator neutrino beams are best tuned to oscillation physics with neutrino energies in the few - gev reg...
[ { "content": "the stellar population properties of early - type galaxies ( e.g. age , metallicity and @xmath0-element abundance [ e / fe ] ) provide crucial clues to their evolutionary history . \n most work to date has concentrated on galaxy central regions . while useful , such data only sample a small fracti...
[ { "content": "the production of solar flares , the evolution and migration of sunspots , and the very origin of the sun s magnetic field are all believed to be associated with differential rotation beneath and at the solar surface . to test models of stellar dynamos , measurements of differential rotation in ot...
[ { "content": "the steep gradients related to the edge transport barrier in tokamak h - mode plasmas facilitate the growth of edge localised modes ( elms ) involving repetitive eruption of particles and energy @xcite . \n the largest and most vehement of such events , classified as `` type - i '' elms , are comm...
[ { "content": "in this section , we explain how we check equilibration in our monte carlo ( mc ) simulations . \n since our simulations are performed at very low temperatures , an appropriate check of equilibration is crucially important . \n the standard check might be to monitor the stability of various observ...
[ { "content": "given a diagram @xmath2 of a link and a modulus @xmath3 , a ( fox ) coloring ( @xcite ) is an assignment of integers modulo @xmath0 to the arcs of @xmath2 such that at each crossing twice the color assigned to the over - arc equals the sum of the colors assigned to the under - arcs , modulo @xmath...
[ { "content": "coarsening has been a object of intensive study over the last decades not only because of its experimental relevance but also because it constitutes what is maybe the simplest case of out - of - equilibrium dynamics . for a scalar order parameter , \n one generally distinguishes the non - conserve...
[ { "content": "the purpose of this contribution is twofold : to review how an su(n ) transformation can be experimentally realized using optical elements , and to show how such an experimental realization can be used to investigate the cyclic evolution of a state over the manifold su(n)/u(n-1 ) . \n the bulk of ...
[ { "content": "the experimentally clean signatures of @xmath0 and @xmath1bosons make the measurement of these processes in association with jets well suited to test perturbative qcd at the lhc . \n the processes allow for comparisons of multi jet production with predictions either from the parton shower approac...
[ { "content": "the black hole candidate gx3394 was discovered by markert et al . \n ( 1973 ) with the oso7 satellite and was soon noted for its similarity in x - rays to the classical black hole candidate cygx1 ( market et al . \n 1973 ; maejima et al . 1984 ; dolan et al . 1987 ) . \n the source exhibits aperio...
[ { "content": "systems of self - gravitating semi - degenerate fermions in general relativity were studied in @xcite and more recently with applications to dark matter in galaxies in @xcite . \n it was shown that , for a given central temperature parameter ( @xmath5 ) in agreement with the corresponding observed...
[ { "content": "abstractive summarization has gained popularity due to its ability of generating new sentences to convey the important information from text documents . \n an abstractive summarizer should present the summarized information in a coherent form that is easily readable and grammatically correct . \n ...
[ { "content": "although the @xmath0cdm model is quite successful on supragalactic scales@xcite , its predictions of galactic properties differ markedly with observation . \n there has been an excellent fit to observations over 1 mpc by flat cosmological models with a mixture of baryons , dark matter and the cosm...
[ { "content": "searches for evidence of nonextensive @xcite , @xcite properties at the period - doubling onset of chaos in logistic maps - the feigenbaum attractor - have at all times yielded affirmative responses , from the initial numerical studies @xcite , to subsequent heuristic investigations @xcite , and t...
[ { "content": "an image of the milky way , taken by an observer in another galaxy would probably reveal a spiral structure dotted with many bright hii regions . \n the milky way is believed to be spiral galaxy , and a best `` educated guess '' is that it is a barred sb to sc galaxy @xcite . \n however , since we...
[ { "content": "a fundamental problem in analysis is the existence and/or uniqueness of the solutions to the equation @xmath1 in the unknown @xmath2 . \n the function @xmath3 relates two spaces @xmath4 with some structure , otherwise we are impotent . from the other side , the concrete case where @xmath4 are subs...
[ { "content": "after the discovery of the mssbauer effect in 1958 , quantitative measurements of relativistic time dilation were carried out in the 1960s based on this effect @xcite-@xcite , and the interest in such measurements lasts to this day @xcite,@xcite . the experiments @xcite-@xcite reported full agreem...
[ { "content": "the discovery of the higgs boson at atlas and cms experiments @xcite made a revolutionary impact on the field of particle physics . \n it not only confirmed the so - called higgs mechanism for the electroweak symmetry breaking , but also opened a new possibility to perform a precise test of the st...
[ { "content": "the authors of ref . @xcite investigated the effects of the variation of the mass parameter @xmath1 on the thick branes . \n they used a real scalar field , which has a potential of the @xmath4 model , as the background field of the thick branes . \n it was found that the number of the bound state...
[ { "content": "non - radiating motion of extended charge distributions in classical electrodynamics has been known to exist for some time ( c.f . @xcite and references therein , and @xcite ) . on the other hand , for systems with a few _ point charges _ , larmor s radiation of energy at a rate proportional to th...
[ { "content": "the discrepancy of about @xmath9 between the measured value @xcite and standard model prediction @xcite for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon , @xmath10 , has attracted considerable attention . after the purely qed contributions , which are now known to five loops @xcite , the next most...
[ { "content": "neutrino flavor oscillations in vacuum @xcite represent a viable solution @xcite to the observed deficit of the solar neutrino flux @xcite as compared to the predictions of the standard solar model @xcite . \n if the oscillations have a wavelength comparable to the earth orbit radius ( just - so o...
[ { "content": "in the accurate evaluation of atomic energy levels not only the nonrelativistic energy , but also relativistic and qed effects have to be calculated with the high precision . \n the only approach which consistently accounts for all corrections in small atomic systems is the one based on the expans...
[ { "content": "recent cosmological observations have provided strong evidence that a dark - energy component , such as the cosmological constant , comprises as much as 70 per cent of the total energy density of the universe ( @xcite ) . characterizing the nature of the dark energy and its possible \n evolution h...
[ { "content": "for decades the solar system was assumed to be the prototype for planetary system formation . with the detection of over a thousand confirmed exoplanets and many more candidates , it has become apparent that many planetary systems exist that differ substantially in their structural properties from...
[ { "content": "as both internal and motional states of trapped atoms are controlled more and more precisely for their quantum manipulation , it has also become very important to observe those atoms _ in situ _ and individually . \n efforts to image fluorescence from single trapped atoms started with those in a m...
[ { "content": "horizontal branch ( hb ) stars are the progeny of low - mass red giant branch stars ( rgb ) burning helium in their cores and hydrogen in a shell around it ( hoyle & schwarzschild 1955 ) . \n as first noticed by iben & rood ( 1970 ) , the different hb star colour distributions observed in old stel...
[ { "content": "during the last few years the physics of isoscalar scalar mesons and in particular of the @xmath0 meson has received an revival of interest due to substantial progress in experimental and theoretical activities @xcite ( for a status report see , for example , ref . \n originally , the light scala...
[ { "content": "chiral effective field theory ( eft ) provides a powerful framework to systematically describe low - energy dynamics of few- and many - nucleon systems . \n various variants of effective theories for nuclear forces have been explored , see @xcite for recent review articles . up to now \n , the mo...
[ { "content": "young and compact radio sources represent the first stage in the evolution of large extragalactic radio sources and constitute an important fraction ( @xmath7 ) of the radio source population ( see , however , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * for problems in selecting genuine young sources against blaz...
[ { "content": "the paradigm that has emerged for the production of outflows from active galactic nuclei ( agn ) involves the presence of large scale electromagnetic fields which are instrumental in their formation , acceleration and collimation , many gravitational radii from the central supermassive black hole ...
[ { "content": "interaction of ultrashort and strong optical laser pulse with solids has been a subject of intensive theoretical and experimental research during the last few decades . \n @xcite the interest in this field has grown after experimental realization of short laser pulses with just a few oscillations ...
[ { "content": "the 22-yr cycle of solar activity is a magnetic cycle which consists of two 11-years sunspot cycles . \n the 22-yr cycles begin on even sunspot cycles according to the zrich numbering ( @xcite ) and manifest themselves in reversal of polarity of sunspots ( hale s law ) . from one 11-yr cycle to an...
[ { "content": "the geometrical phase transition known as percolation ( see , for a review , stauffer and aharony @xcite ) is appreciated by many to be an elegant and simply defined yet fully featured example of a second order phase transition . \n a number of variations of the original percolation problem were p...
[ { "content": "temporal modes of light @xcite are a burgeoning new subspace for both classical and quantum information encoding @xcite . \n the temporal mode ( tm ) bases are discrete and in principle infinite dimensional , and truly orthogonal . \n these orthogonal modes have overlapping spectra at the same car...
[ { "content": "a fundamental idea behind classical statistical mechanics is that we are living in a macroscopic world , which means that we are unable to deal with microstates on a molecular level . \n this forces us to distinguish heat from work and to accept the increase of entropy on probabilistic ground , wh...
[ { "content": "recently there has been several efforts to understand the problem of quantum or thermal quench @xcite in strongly coupled field theories using the ads / cft correspondence @xcite . \n this approach has been used to explore two interesting issues . \n the first relates to the question of thermaliza...
[ { "content": "it is now well - established that a two - dimensional electron gas ( 2deg ) can exist at the interface between perovskite oxides laalo@xmath0 ( lao ) and srtio@xmath0 ( sto ) @xcite . \n the 2deg is nominally similar to those in semiconductor heterostructures , but supports additional phases , suc...
[ { "content": "inasmuch as studies of the interaction between a particle and a quantum field are basic to particle physics and field theory , understanding the interaction between an atom and a quantum field is essential to current atomic and optical physics research @xcite . \n the interaction of an accelerated...
[ { "content": "the chiral potts model was originally introduced @xcite to model the full phase diagram of krypton monolayers , including the epitaxial and incommensurate ordered phases . in addition to being useful in the analysis of surface layers , the chiral potts model has become an important model of phase ...
[ { "content": "detecting the qcd phase transition is of primary interest in current nuclear and particle physics . \n experiments have shown that a new form of strongly interacting matter is created in high - energy nuclear collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider ( rhic ) top energy and the large hadro...
[ { "content": "the strong couplings among soft qcd gluons manifest themselves in a variety of complex long - distance phenomena . \n most of them are thoroughly entwined with the vacuum state , as illustrated by such prominent examples as quark confinement , spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking , vacuum tunnelin...
[ { "content": "to study dynamics of super yang - mills theory , a lattice formulation is an attractive tool . \n there are some approaches , however limited , not exact , realization has done @xcite . \n why do we stress the exact symmetry ? \n it is because the point of our approach , the scenario is that the e...
[ { "content": "measurement of the surface impedance @xmath8 in high-@xmath9 superconductors ( hts ) in the microwave frequency range is one of the most effective and frequently used methods to study electron properties and mechanisms of superconductivity in these materials . \n such measurements , performed on h...
[ { "content": "we consider ideal mhd in twodimensional space , @xmath2 the dependent variables @xmath3 denote the fluid s density , pressure , and velocity . \n in addition to , the magnetic field @xmath4 satisfies @xmath5 the fluid is assumed to be polytropic , @xmath6 , and have a constant temperature @xmath7 ...
[ { "content": "ngc 6946 , a nearby starburst spiral galaxy , also known as the `` fireworks galaxy '' because of its prolific supernova production , is embedded in an enormous hi halo ( pisano 2014 ) . \n the galaxy has a high star formation rate and a number of unusual star - forming regions , such as enigmatic...
[ { "content": "the starobinsky model of inflation @xcite with an @xmath11 interaction term is of interest as it requires no extra scalar fields but relies on the scalar degree of the metric tensor to generate the inflaton potential . \n the @xmath12 starobinsky model gives rise to a plateau potential of the infl...
[ { "content": "ultra - cool dwarfs , low - mass objects of low temperature extending beyond the classical main sequence , have been identified in significant numbers from recent large optical and near infrared surveys , such as the deep near infrared survey @xcite , the sloan digital sky survey @xcite , and the ...
[ { "content": "spots on the host stars of transiting planets have generally been regarded as a nuisance . \n they interfere with the determination of the planet s properties , by causing variations in the transit depth , producing chromatic effects that can be mistaken for atmospheric absorption , and causing an...
[ { "content": "modes of fundamental significance to nonlinear optics @xcite and plasmonics plas1,plas3,plas4,plas5,plas6,plas7,plas8,plas9,marini , korea are dissipative spatial solitons that result from the simultaneous balance among diffraction , self - focusing nonlinearity , loss , and compensating gain . ...
[ { "content": "in this work we calculate the free energy of qcd on the lattice , up to three loops in perturbation theory . \n we employ wilson gluons and the @xmath2 improved sheikholeslami - wohlert ( clover ) @xcite action for fermions . \n the purpose of this action is to reduce finite lattice spacing effec...
[ { "content": "two subgroups @xmath5 and @xmath7 of a group @xmath0 are _ commensurable _ if the intersection @xmath8 has finite index in both @xmath5 and @xmath7 . \n the _ commensurator _ of @xmath9 in @xmath0 is the group @xmath10 note that @xmath11 contains the normalizer @xmath12 . \n it is a classical fact...
[ { "content": "the gaas / algaas quasi two - dimensional electron system has served as the basis for many interesting developments in modern condensed matter physics.@xcite in the recent past , photo - excited transport studies in this system have become a topic of experimental@xcite and theoretical@xcite intere...
[ { "content": "ebola virus disease ( evd ) is caused by a genus of the family _ filoviridae _ called _ ebolavirus_. the first recorded outbreak took place in sudan in 1976 with the longest most severe outbreak taking place in west africa during 2014 - 2015 @xcite . \n studies have estimated disease growth rates ...
[ { "content": "mixed - valent manganites of formulation re@xmath0ae@xmath1mno@xmath2 ( re being a trivalent rare - earth ion , and ae a divalent alkaline - earth ion ) exhibit a great variety of fascinating properties , such as charge ordering ( real - space ordering of the mn@xmath3and mn@xmath4species ) and co...
[ { "content": "the use of a muon storage ring as an intense source of neutrinos has attracted renewed attention : it is a natural stepping stone toward a muon collider , and it would offer a wealth of opportunities for doing physics both of neutrinos ( long baseline ) , and with neutrinos ( front - end ) . where...
[ { "content": "the @xmath0-function introduced by fox @xcite , will be represented and defined in the following manner : @xmath1 & = h_{p , q}^{m , n } \\left\\lbrack x \\bigg| \\begin{array}{@{}l@ { } } ( a_{1 } , \\alpha_{1 } ) , \\ldots , ( a_{p } , \\alpha_{p})\\\\[.2pc ] ( b_{1 } , \\beta_{1 } ) , \\ldots ,...
[ { "content": "initial states of color gauge fields ( glasma ) produced immediately after high energy heavy - ion collisions have recently received much attention . the gauge fields are longitudinal classical color electric and magnetic fields ; \n their field strengths are given by the square of the saturation ...
[ { "content": "while the cold dark matter ( cdm ) paradigm for structure formation successfully describes cosmological observations on large ( cmb and cluster ) scales , there is notable disagreement with small - scale observations . among other issues , @xmath4-body simulations ( e.g. , via lactea diemand et a...
[ { "content": "1.2 cm in recent years , a number of experimental and theoretical studies have been made to understand the decay of light di - nuclear systems ( a @xmath5 60 ) formed through low - energy ( e@xmath6 @xmath5 10 mev / nucleon ) , heavy - ion reactions . in most of the reactions \n studied , the p...
[ { "content": "many suggestions for an experimental realization of quantum computers are related to two - level systems ( _ qubits _ ) . \n one of the serious problems in this field is a destructive influence of different kinds of errors that may be dangerous for the stability of quantum computation protocols . ...
[ { "content": "there are two types of supernova remnants ( snrs ) in the x - ray region from a morphological point of view : a shell structure and a filled - center structure . \n some snrs in each type contain a point source at its center . \n therefore , the point source at its center does not always affect th...
[ { "content": "ultracold atoms in optical lattices provide a versatile laboratory for interacting quantum many body systems @xcite . \n one of the major challenges in this field is the experimental investigation of quantum magnetism in atomic mixtures . \n impressive experimental progress in this direction has a...
[ { "content": "with all three electrons residing in n@xmath122 shells leaving the k shell empty , the three - electron atomic system constitutes an interesting multi - excited atomic problem . \n these are ideal for examining the delicate interelectronic correlation of three electrons under the influence of a nu...
[ { "content": "the response of superconducting films to homogeneous applied magnetic fields is well understood , and analytic expressions for the distributions of the magnetic field and current density have been derived @xcite based on bean s critical state model . \n @xcite when small current - carrying coils ...
[ { "content": "the current generation of ground - based interferometers , such as the palomar testbed interferometer ( pti ) @xcite , the naval prototype optical interferometer ( npoi)@xcite , the infrared optical telescope array ( iota3)@xcite , and the center for high angular resolution in astronomy ( chara ) ...
[ { "content": "the ringing observed in fig . \n 2 is a manifestation of a non - adiabatic transition through the eit resonance . \n landau - zener theory deals with this kind of transitions and gives analytic prediction to the population transfer between the levels . in the case of an eit in buffer gas \n the be...
[ { "content": "for a long time it has been known that the solar - system abundances of elements heavier than iron have been produced by neutron - capture reactions @xcite . however , neutron capture is also of relevance for abundances of isotopes lighter than iron especially for neutron - rich isotopes , even t...
[ { "content": "fullerene molecules @xcite are carbon cages which appear in the vaporization of graphite . \n one of their most beautiful features from a formal point of view is their geometric character and the exciting possibility of producing them in all sorts of geometric shapes having as building blocks sec...
[ { "content": "exactly soluble quantum spin models belong to the most fascinating topics to deal with in the area of modern equilibrium statistical mechanics @xcite . \n it should be pointed out , however , that quantum effects usually compete with a cooperative nature of spontaneous long - range ordering and th...
[ { "content": "it is well - known that the magnetic susceptibility of a spin model near its critical temperature can be parametrized as @xmath0 in this expression , the exponents @xmath1 and @xmath2 are universal and can be obtained from the calculation of the eigenvalues of the linearized renormalization group ...
[ { "content": "there is a small but growing family of blazars detected at tev energies . \n these belong exclusively to the class of high peak frequency bls , i.e. blazars whose synchrotron component peaks at x - ray energies . \n tev emitting bls are of particular interest because of the possibility of absorpti...
[ { "content": "many astrophysical observations have confirmed the existence of dark matter ( dm ) , which contributes to roughly @xmath4 of the energy density of the universe . among many proposed dm candidates , weakly interacting massive particles ( wimps ) @xcite are popular proposals since they are theoretic...
[ { "content": "computing the covariance matrix @xmath48 requires two - point functions . the latter should be computed by inverting the operator ( cf . \n ( 3 ) of the main text ) @xmath116 defined on the support of the media @xmath117 . to invert this operator \n , we will treat the second term perturbatively j...