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[ { "content": "the laser interferometer space antenna ( lisa ) is a planned gravitational wave observatory in the frequency range of 0.1mhz100mhz that consists of three spacecraft separated by 5 million km in a nearly equilateral triangle whose center follows the earth in a heliocentric orbit with an orbital pha...
[ { "content": "leptogenesis @xcite is one of the most attractive scenarios to explain the origin of the observed matter - antimatter asymmetry of the universe . \n it follows from the seesaw mechanism @xcite , which gives a natural and simple explanation to the small neutrino masses observed in neutrino experime...
[ { "content": "the standard model is not a fundamental theory and there have been many proposals to go beyond it . \n it is expected that a field theory with extra dimensions arises as the low energy limit of a fundamental string theory . \n for this reason extra dimensions are a common feature of any theory val...
[ { "content": "entanglement is one of the most striking aspects of quantum mechanics @xcite . in classical physics , \n two interacting systems retain their individuality during the interaction process and become completely independent of each other after their coupling has been switched off . by way of contras...
[ { "content": "as the quality of photometric data has improved over the years ( largely due to the use of ccds ) , the applicability of a fitting - function which can account for variations in the curvature of a light profile has been demonstrated for elliptical galaxies ( capaccioli 1987 , 1989 ; davies et al ....
[ { "content": "the long - running debate on the heating of chromospheric layers by acoustic waves is fed by the fact that even the largest measured energy fluxes ( found by bello gonzlez et al.2009,2010 ) are nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the amount needed to balance the chromospheric energy losses o...
[ { "content": "ever since the discovery of the first high - redshift quasar ( schmidt 1965 ) , quasars have maintained their title as the objects with the highest known redshift ; the present record holder is a quasar at @xmath6 ( schmidt , schneider , & gunn 1991 ) . nevertheless , the highest known redshifts o...
[ { "content": "with the next generation of large - volume proton - decay searches and neutrino experiments currently in the r&d phase ( in particular , lbne @xcite , lena @xcite and hyper - k @xcite ) there are good prospects to push the current lower bounds on the proton lifetime to the unprecedented level of...
[ { "content": "the initial problem is part of the collection of the moscow institute of physics and technology @xcite . \n a voltage @xmath0 is applied to the corners a and b of a semi - infinite long metallic ruler as shown in fig . \n [ fig : ruler ] ) . is applied between a and b. between c and d the volt...
[ { "content": "the global structure of multiple hadroproduction in annihilation , has been well understood with remarkable results concerning the total cross section and angular distribution calculations . \n perturbative quantum electrodynamics and perturbative quantum chromodynamics provide a good description ...
[ { "content": "type ia supernovae are thought to be the result of thermonuclear explosion of carbon - oxygen white dwarfs as they reach or exceed the chandrasekhar mass limit ( see , e.g. , @xcite for reviews ) . \n broadly speaking , there are two main classes of models : the accreting models , in which the whi...
[ { "content": "this paper is concerned with mathematics of diffraction . \n more specifically we are interested in the famous inverse problem for diffraction : given something that is putatively the diffraction of something , what are all the somethings that could have produced this diffraction . \n diffraction ...
[ { "content": "mathematical models are now commonly used in the study of growth of cell tissue . for instance , a wide literature is now available on the study of the tumor growth through mathematical modeling and numerical simulations @xcite . in such models , we may distinguish two kinds of description : eithe...
[ { "content": "the usual test of whether a deterministic dynamical system is chaotic or nonchaotic is the calculation of the largest lyapunov exponent @xmath12 . \n a positive largest lyapunov exponent indicates chaos : if @xmath13 , then nearby trajectories separate exponentially and if @xmath14 , then nearby t...
[ { "content": "the soft x - ray telescope ( sxt ; * ? ? ? * ) on board yohkoh @xcite revealed that a soft x - ray emitting plasma ejection , or plasmoid ejection , is sometimes observed in solar flares ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) . \n it was also found that the plasmoids show blob - like or loop - like shapes and that th...
[ { "content": "a wide variety of technical processes involve the storage and transport of granular materials . \n on the other hand , granular materials have very unusual properties which have intrigued researches in physics over recent years @xcite . of great importance \n is the characterization of stress fluc...
[ { "content": "photoemission lineshape contains information on the many - body interactions in the solid under study . \n one notable example is the kink structure in the angle resolved photoemission(arpes ) spectral function from a metal at the bosonic mode energy due to electron - bosonic mode coupling@xcite ....
[ { "content": "nodal structures on continuous manifolds have been investigated ever since the days of chladni . \n his work was experimental and involved the observation of nodal lines on vibrating plates . \n his research was resumed on a more rigorous footing by the pioneering works of sturm @xcite , courant @...
[ { "content": "the measurement of electron - positron pairs ( dielectrons ) in the low invariant mass region allows studying the vacuum and in - medium properties of light vector mesons . \n additionally , low - mass dielectrons are produced by internal conversion of virtual direct photons . \n they are excellen...
[ { "content": "the eclipsing binary systems containing classical cepheids are very rare . \n although we know tens of binary cepheids in our galaxy ( e.g. evans @xcite ) , none is an eclipsing system . \n however extensive search for variability in microlensing surveys in magellanic clouds resulted in reporting...
[ { "content": "there are many reasons to study the spin of the nucleon . \n an ingenuous reason is that it is interesting in itself : we are curious to know how the spin of the nucleon emerges from its constituents , i.e. , how the spins and orbital angular momenta of the quarks and gluons combine together into ...
[ { "content": "after years of study to understand how the nucleon spin originates from the constituent partons , an exhaustive answer is still missing . \n moreover , while a lot of information has been gathered concerning the longitudinal structure of a fast moving nucleon ( with respect to its direction of mot...
[ { "content": "real quantum systems are inevitably open because of interaction with their ambient environment . as a result , \n information , in principle , can leak into the environment , and may be fed back later in a different form into the system @xcite . \n this scenario makes accurate description of the r...
[ { "content": "consider a wide area computer network such as the one in figure [ geant ] . \n a _ flow _ is defined as all traffic with common origin and destination nodes . \n monitoring flow volumes plays an important role in network management tasks , such as capacity planning by tracking demands and forecast...
[ { "content": "in this note , we announce the classification in @xcite of spectral stability of roll - wave solutions of the `` viscous '' st . venant equations for inclined shallow - water flow , taking into account drag and viscosity . written in nondimensional eulerian form , the shallow water equations for a...
[ { "content": "infrared observations of radio galaxies are a useful tool to explore the physics of their nuclei in the framework of the unified models for active galactic nuclei ( agn ) as in this band the impact of dust absorption is strongly reduced with respect to the optical . in particular , the study of th...
[ { "content": "inference on population genetic models such as coalescent trees is one representative example of cases when statistical analyses like bayesian inference can not operate because the likelihood function associated with the data is not completely known , i.e. can not be computed in a manageable time...
[ { "content": "the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics imposes fundamental limits to hypothesis testing and parameter estimation @xcite . \n such limits are relevant to many metrological applications , such as optical interferometry , optomechanical sensing , gravitational - wave detection @xcite , optical...
[ { "content": "advection - dominated accretion flow ( adaf ) is an important type of solution for black hole accretion . \n a prominent feature of an adaf compared to the standard thin disk is its low radiative efficient at low accretion rates ( narayan & yi 1994 , hereafter ny94 ; narayan & yi 1995 ; see naraya...
[ { "content": "the influence of initial conditions on decaying magnetohydrodynamic ( mhd ) turbulence received considerable interest in the 1980 s , because of its relevance to explain solar - wind data @xcite . \n indeed , in magnetohydrodynamics the behavior of decaying turbulent flow depends strongly on the i...
[ { "content": "one of the attractive solutions of the hierarchy problem is the consideration of our 4-dimensional universe as a sub - manifold that is embedded in a higher dimensional space - time . \n the models of type add ( arkani - hamed , dimopoulos and dvali ) @xcite allow compactification radius of extra ...
[ { "content": "the vast amount of data collected at the relativistic heavy ion collider at brookhaven national laboratory along with those recently collected from the collision of lead nuclei at large hadron collider at cern have led to the momentous discovery of quark gluon plasma ( qgp ) . \n a large part of t...
[ { "content": "james clerk maxwell s early work on the kinetic theory of gases was a major step - stone in the introduction of probabilistic methods into physics . \n proposition iv of maxwell s @xcite _ illustrations of the dynamical theory of gases _ , his first derivation of the velocity distribution law , is...
[ { "content": "we know what a cluster is when we see one , but there is a lot more to clustering than meets the eye . embedded clusters often contain sub - clusters , for example , and clusters generally cluster together themselves into double clusters or star complexes . taken together , there is a hierarchy of...
[ { "content": "_ stellar stratification _ is a characteristic phenomenon of star clusters , which has been well documented for more than 50 years . \n it is directly linked to the dynamical evolution of star clusters @xcite , and specifically to the central concentration of the massive stars as the cluster relax...
[ { "content": "deep - inelastic @xmath1 scattering ( dis ) at hera , in which a photon of virtuality , @xmath2 , is exchanged , can lead to the production of jets in the final state . \n cross - section measurements of these types of processes provide stringent tests of the perturbative quantum chromodynamics ( ...
[ { "content": "fix a space dimension @xmath0 and denote by @xmath1 the standard gaussian measure on @xmath2 with density @xmath3 equal to @xmath4 given @xmath5 let @xmath6 be independent random points that are distributed on @xmath7 according to the probability measure @xmath1 . the random convex hull @xmath8\\ ...
[ { "content": "in this paper , we study combinatorial optimization problems with a diseconomy of scale . \n we consider problems in which we need to minimize the cost of resources used to accomplish a certain task . \n often , the cost grows linearly with the amount of resources used . in some applications , the...
[ { "content": "* .. * the geometry on cayley s surface and the geometry in the ambient space of cayley s surface has been investigated by many authors from various points of view . \n see , among others , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , and @xcite . in these papers \n the reader will also find a lot of furth...
[ { "content": "from the cosmological observational data @xcite , it is now well established that the present observable universe is undergoing an accelerating expansion . while the source driving this cosmic acceleration \n is known as ` dark energy ' its origin has not been well understood yet due to absence of...
[ { "content": "the propagation of cosmic rays ( crs ) through turbulent magnetic fields is effectively described as a diffusion process . \n this approach provides an excellent description of the observed spectra and chemical abundances of galactic crs up the cr knee at a few pev . \n the arrival direction of cr...
[ { "content": "vibronic sidebands are observed in the optical spectra of many solid - state materials @xcite , with ti : sapphire @xcite and nitrogen - vacancy ( nv ) centres in diamond @xcite being good examples . \n the key point about a vibronic transition is that it involves the simultaneous absorption or e...
[ { "content": "after bourbaki [ 1989 11 ] we use _ cogebra , bigebra _ and hopf _ gebra _ instead of coalgebra , bialgebra and hopf algebra . \n let @xmath5 be an @xmath6-space and @xmath7 be an @xmath6-dual @xmath6-space . \n if @xmath5 is an @xmath6-cogebra and @xmath8 is an @xmath6-algebra then the @xmath6-s...
[ { "content": "the ordering of anisotropic particles is a universal phenomenon appearing widely in nature , ranging from thermally driven molecules or colloids @xcite to active particles such as bacteria colonies @xcite , actin filaments @xcite , animal groups @xcite , and living liquid crystals @xcite . in...
[ { "content": "veritas ( figure [ veritas ] ) is an imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescope array , now entering its tenth year of operations . \n the array consists of four identical telescopes , located at the fred lawrence whipple observatory ( flwo ) in arizona , each with a @xmath0 diameter tessellated ref...
[ { "content": "a few binaries have been identified as variable very - high - energy ( vhe ) @xmath1-ray sources ( aharonian et al . \n 2005a , b ; 2006 , albert et . \n al . 2006 , 2007 ) . for ls 5039 , \n a periodicity in the @xmath1-ray flux , consistent with the orbital timescale as determined by casares et ...
[ { "content": "consider the cauchy problem for a strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws @xmath7 where @xmath8 and @xmath9 is sufficiently smooth , @xmath10 open . if the initial data @xmath5 is of small total variation , the global existence was proved first in @xcite . \n moreover a series of paper @xc...
[ { "content": "since the very beginning of the feasibility studies , the gaia mission design was driven by the need of determining the position and the brightness of huge numbers of stars with the uttermost accuracy . during the concept and technologt study completed in july 2000 ( see @xcite and @xcite ) , howe...
[ { "content": "hypercomlex numbers are high - dimensional extensions of real numbers @xcite , and they have been introduced to solve multivariate signal processing problems , such as colour image processing @xcite , vector - sensor array signal processing @xcite , human gesture spotting @xcite , wind profile pre...
[ { "content": "quantumness is very fragile and its surviving over long distances and times is subtly interconnected to the amount of noise coupling into the quantum system through its unavoidable interaction with the classical environment . among the different quantum signatures , entanglement \n , a concept fi...
[ { "content": "dynamics in the solar corona takes on a wide range of forms . on one hand , \n the corona is the setting for the most violent eruptions in the solar system : solar flares and coronal mass ejections @xcite . on the other , coronal \n heating makes the corona almost a thousand times hotter than the ...
[ { "content": "investigations on the spin - dependent transport in a magnetic tunnel junction ( mtj ) have attracted much interest in the last decade , as the mtjs have essential applications in spintronic devicesprinz , wolf , zutic , maekawa , su . \n one of phenomena in mtjs is the so - called tunnel magnetor...
[ { "content": "consider a billiard on the plane with @xmath1-periodic rectangular obstacles as in figure [ fig : windtree ] . in @xcite , it is shown that for almost all parameters @xmath2 of the obstacle ( i.e. , lenghts @xmath3 of the sides of the rectangular obstacles ) , for almost all initial direction...
[ { "content": "exploration of comets with space missions is critical to probe the coma and to access the detailed features of a cometary nucleus . \n however , remote spectroscopic observations can provide ample information about the global composition of comets . the coma composition associated with main specie...
[ { "content": "the longstanding problem of the generation of turbulence in various hydrodynamically stable situations has found a solution in recent years with the mhd shear flow instability , also called magnetorotational instability ( mri ) , in which the presence of a magnetic field has a destabilizing effect...
[ { "content": "quantum effects are expected to drastically affect the structure of space and time at the smallest of scales . however , our current theories of gravity and quantum mechanics are ( fortunately ) very stingy with the options they leave us as far as the small scale of structure of spacetime is conce...
[ { "content": "wise j072003.20@xmath0084651.2 ( hereafter wise j0720@xmath00846 ) is an m9.5 dwarf originally identified by as a possible new member of the local 8 pc sample . \n it was previously missed in searches for nearby low - mass dwarfs due to its low galactic latitude ( @xmath7 ) and small proper mot...
[ { "content": "instabilities of the magnetized shear flows play an important role in enhancing transport processes in various astrophysical bodies and laboratory experiments . \n shear flows are rather common in astrophysics , and the study of their stability properties is important for the understanding of many...
[ { "content": "let @xmath7 be a finite connected graph without loops , but with multiple edges allowed . \n the _ adjacency matrix _ of @xmath0 , denoted by @xmath8 , is given by @xmath9 , where @xmath10 is the number of the edges between @xmath11 and @xmath12 in @xmath13 . \n the _ laplacian matrix _ of @xmath0...
[ { "content": "the origin of ray bursts is still unknown and is currently the subject of a `` great debate '' in the astronomical community . \n do the bursts have a galactic origin @xcite or are they cosmological @xcite ? and what is their distance scale ? in this paper , \n i do not attempt to answer the f...
[ { "content": "linked cluster expansions ( lces ) have a long tradition in statistical physics . originally applied to classical fluids , later to magnetic systems ( @xcite,@xcite,@xcite and references therein ) , they were generalized to applications in particle physics in the eighties @xcite . there \n they ha...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a non - cyclic finite group . \n we write @xmath1 for the smallest number of conjugacy classes of proper subgroups of @xmath0 needed to cover it . in other words \n , @xmath1 is the least @xmath8 for which there exist subgroups @xmath9 such that @xmath10 we say that the set of conju...
[ { "content": "collective features in the microscopic dynamics often lead to the emergence of surprising and unexpected effects in the evolution of a physical system at the macroscopic level @xcite . \n the collective cooling of many two - level particles to very low temperatures is discussed here as an example ...
[ { "content": "as a quantum system of interest interacts with its environment which is also considered being made up of a large number of the quantum particles , solving the dynamics of the total system is in fact an impossible task by now . \n however , in many cases we are only interested in the dynamics of th...
[ { "content": "dirac s somewhat unfortunate statement about interference between two ( or more ) photons never occurring has led to fruitful discussions clarifying the understanding of interference from a quantum mechanical point of view . \n these days textbook presentations elucidate that single photon light...
[ { "content": "one of the central goals in contemporary observational cosmology is to detect the postulated background of primordial gravity waves predicted by inflation . \n the most direct observational signature of these gravity waves is a particular pattern in the polarization of the cosmic microwave backgro...
[ { "content": "experimental data on solar neutrinos ( @xmath16@xmath17)@xmath18 has accumulated rapidly in the last few years by the operation of several large detector facilities such as super - kamiokande ( sk ) , the sudbury neutrino observatory ( sno ) and kamland . the data from these detectors were precise...
[ { "content": "the presence of multiple time and length scales constitutes one of the major problems in computer simulations of matter . in simulations that faithfully capture the dynamic evolution of a system , the fastest particles in the system \n dictate the required time resolution . \n if different types o...
[ { "content": "signals having the power spectral density ( psd ) at low frequencies @xmath1 of the form @xmath2 with @xmath3 close to @xmath4 are commonly referred to as `` @xmath0 noise '' , `` @xmath0 fluctuations '' , or `` flicker noise . \n '' power - law distributions of spectra of signals with @xmath5 , a...
[ { "content": "observations of stars of various metallicities [ @xmath2 @xmath3 ( fe / h)/(fe / h)@xmath4 have shown that the abundance ratios be / fe and b / fe do not vary appreciably over a broad range of @xmath2 ( e.g. duncan et al . 1996 ) . for @xmath2 less than about 0.1 , most of the fe is thought ( trur...
[ { "content": "many questions of practical or scientific interest are based on combinatorial optimization problems whose numerical solution requires time resources growing exponentially with the system size , or more precisely , with the number of binary variables needed to encode the problem . \n these include ...
[ { "content": "planetary nebulae ( pne ) are of great importance in galaxy studies as _ unique _ observable proxies for stars in regions of low surface brightness . \n they can be used to infer the spatial , kinematic , and chemical properties of the underlying stellar population , at distances of up to 100 mpc ...
[ { "content": "it was observed by douglas and hull @xcite that d - branes on @xmath1 with a constant neveu - schwarz ( ns ) two - form potential @xmath2 give rise to an effective world - volume theory on a non - commutative torus . \n even though this initial observation was re - considered and generalized by ma...
[ { "content": "a new field of research has emerged in the past decade in the context of solid - state chemistry and physical chemistry . \n it is the science of metal organic frameworks ( mof s ) . \n metal organic frameworks , also called _ porous coordination polymers _ \n ( pcp s ) , are hybrid crystalline ...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations @xcite , more recently that of solar neutrino oscillations @xcite , and still more recently confirmation of these two types of neutrino oscillations with accelerator- and reactor - produced neutrinos @xcite , many models have been proposed i...
[ { "content": "quasars have been used as efficient probes of high - redshift clustering because they are known to favour rich environments . \n quasars may also trace large - scale structures at early epochs ( @xmath5 ) in the form of large quasar groups ( lqgs ) , which have comparable sizes to the largest stru...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of the first extrasolar planet around a solar - type star , 51 pegasi by @xcite , by now ( october 2006 ) 209 exoplanets have been found . \n these planets form 179 exoplanetary systems , among which there are 21 multiple systems . \n the main detection technique of exoplanets ...
[ { "content": "a cubature formula with high accuracy is an important tool for numerical computation and has various applications . \n one of the applications is to construct polynomial hyperinterpolation , introduced by sloan @xcite , which is an approximation process constructed by applying the cubature formula...
[ { "content": "the soudan-2 experiment is currently taking data using its fine - grained iron tracking calorimeter of total mass 963 tons . this detector images non - relativistic as well as relativistic charged particles produced in atmospheric neutrino reactions . \n it is operating underground at a depth of 2...
[ { "content": "the essence of radiotherapy with heavy charged particles is its intrinsic capability of three - dimensional dose formation with a bragg peak at the beam range , which can be precisely controlled by adapting the beam energy incident on a patient . in conventional broad - beam delivery,@xcite \n a r...
[ { "content": "neutron stars represent the most dense form of matter known before black hole formation . \n the equation of state of such material is not well understood but typical expected size scales of @xmath2 km for a @xmath3 object give @xmath4 similar to that of the last stable orbit around a schwarzschi...
[ { "content": "titanium carbide is one the hardest transition metal binary carbides known , which renders it resistant to wear and makes it a favorable material for applications such as drill bits and cutting tools . with a melting point of over 3000@xmath0c , it is thermally quite stable . \n however , transiti...
[ { "content": "a lot of attention has been focussed on the interacting electron problem in the last several decades , whereas the interacting boson problem has been considered more often in the framework of specific applications only . \n however , there are a number of important situations where the elementary ...
[ { "content": "paper considers the task of accurate image retrieval on a large scale . given a query image , we aim at finding the similar images from the database . a number of retrieval models have been proposed in this scenario , among which local feature based model , _ \n i.e. _ , bag - of - words ( bow ) @...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be a simple graph of order @xmath1 . for any vertex @xmath14 , the open neighborhood of @xmath15 is the set @xmath16 and the closed neighborhood is the set @xmath17=n ( v ) \\cup \\{v\\}$ ] . for a set @xmath18 , \n the open neighborhood of @xmath19 is the set @xmath20 and the closed n...
[ { "content": "recent progress in microfluidic devices has led to the development of novel separation strategies that take advantage of the unprecedented control on the geometry and chemistry of the stationary phase at scales that are comparable to the size of the transported species @xcite . \n a fundamental pr...
[ { "content": "the metal - insulator transition ( mit ) in two dimensions ( 2d ) has been a subject of intensive research in recent years [ 1 ] but the physics behind this phenomenon is still not understood . \n it has been established , however , that it occurs in the regime where both coulomb ( electron - ele...
[ { "content": "in these lines i intend to show that there exists consistent evidence pointing to the need of revision and further study of what seem at present a settled issue , namely the independence of the speed of electromagnetic radiation on the motion of its source . the main point in \n the evidence is...
[ { "content": "the critical collapse of scalar fields gives rise to a new class of thought experiments in general relativity @xcite . \n it has been suggested that a weak singularity may be visible to a distant observer during the collapse of a scalar field @xcite . with the presence of such potentially problema...
[ { "content": "we have developed a model ( grasil , _ http://grana.pd.astro.it_ ) for the sed of galaxies including dust effects @xcite . \n we consider a geometry more complex and realistic than previous treatments , and take into account 3 distinct environments where stellar radiation interacts with dust ( fig...
[ { "content": "during the past few years , phase - coherent quasi - particle transport in hybrid superconducting structures has emerged as a new field of study , bringing together the hitherto separate areas of superconductivity and mesoscopic physics [ altshuler , lee and webb 1991 , buot 1993 ] . \n the seeds ...
[ { "content": "much interest and many questions have been raised by the recent discovery of deep and extremely sharp indentations in the surface phonon spectra of h / mo(110 ) and h / w(110 ) at full hydrogen coverage @xcite ( see fig.[fanom ] ) . \n those anomalies are seen at an incommensurate wavevector , @x...
[ { "content": "we would like to thank v. p. frolov and d. n. page for stimulating discussions . \n this research was supported by the natural sciences and engineering research council of canada and by the killam trust . \n li hawking s w 1984 in _ relativity , groups and topology ii _ les houches session xl ( no...
[ { "content": "many surveys have been carried out to chart the positions of galaxies in large regions of the universe around us , and many more surveys which go deeper into the universe are currently underway or are planned for the future . \n these surveys give us detailed information about the distribution of ...
[ { "content": "the u - cas is an ingenious device that hovers in mid - air while spinning . \n it is marketed as a kit in japan under the trade name u - cas @xcite , and in the u.s.a . and \n europe under the trade name levitron@xmath14 @xcite . \n the whole kit consists of three main parts : a magnetized top wh...
[ { "content": "modeling heterogeneous catalytic processes is an essential tool for catalyst design and for the improvement of operating conditions @xcite . \n hierarchical approaches have to be adopted due to the need of information on a wide range of length and time scales , from the electronic structure to the...
[ { "content": "the observation of a light quantum is a demanding task since the detector should be able to resolve this tiny amount of energy via the heat absorption or the photo - electric effect and in a noiseless fashion convert it to a measurable electric signal . \n in addition to this , quantum features ar...
[ { "content": "according to increasing astrophysical indicia , the evolution of the universe seems to be largely governed by dark energy with negative pressure together with pressureless cold dark matter ( see @xcite for the latest review ) in a two to one proportion . however , little is know about the origin o...
[ { "content": "in traditional data centers , applications are tied to specific physical servers that are often over - provisioned to deal with upper - bound workload . \n such configuration makes data centers expensive to maintain with wasted energy and floor space , low resource utilization and significant mana...
[ { "content": "planetary nebulae ( pne ) are suitable sites to study the evolution of dust grains since their progenitors , asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) stars , are among the most efficient sources of circumstellar dust in the galaxy @xcite . \n these stars lose large amounts of material and create circumstel...