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mnsm92
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[ { "content": "over the past three years , two of the largest - ever hst stellar spectroscopic guest observer programs have been undertaken . the `` advanced spectral library ( astral ) '' project ( pi = t. ayres ) consists of two treasury programs , the first in cycle 18 on `` cool stars '' ( go-12278 ) and the...
[ { "content": "we are concerned with the evolution of compact hypersurfaces @xmath0 moving according to the general non - local law of propagation @xmath1 where @xmath2 is the normal velocity of @xmath3 which depends , through the evolution law @xmath4 , on time , on the position of @xmath5 , on the set @xmath6 ...
[ { "content": "extra neutral gauge bosons , known in the literature as @xmath0 , appear in many proposals for beyond - the - standard model ( bsm ) physics ; for a review , see for instance @xcite . here \n we focus on _ minimal _ @xmath0 , previously studied in @xcite , which stand out both for their simplicity...
[ { "content": "execution of foreign exchange transactions at a fixed market benchmark rate is common amongst institutional investors . \n appeal lies in the fact that , particularly when tracking benchmark indices in other asset classes , currency conversion can be performed by the same underlying fx rates as em...
[ { "content": "m dwarfs are the smallest and least luminous stars on the main sequence , yet they are the most numerous of all stellar constituents and have lifetimes longer than the current age of the universe . \n determining the age of an individual main sequence , field m dwarf is quite challenging . \n stel...
[ { "content": "in particle physics , the exact hadronization process is unknown . to determine the structure of events at high and low energies a model for hadronization from first principles \n is needed but it is still missing . \n there have been many attempts at modeling creation within the quark model ( qm ...
[ { "content": "fast and accurate predictions of binding free energies between proteins and small organic ligands would have significant impact on designing drugs @xcite and other modulators of biological processes \n . the clear relevance of protein - ligand binding affinity prediction in chemical biology and dr...
[ { "content": "today , very large amounts of information are available in on - line documents . as part of the effort to better organize this information for users , researchers have been actively investigating the problem of automatic text categorization . \n the bulk of such work has focused on _ topical _ cat...
[ { "content": "this paper is concerned with a detailed local analysis of the solution of the cauchy initial - value problem for the sine - gordon equation @xmath0 we will consider the number @xmath1 to be a small parameter . this type of scaling can be physically motivated in the situation that the sine - gordon...
[ { "content": "on march 29 , 2003 one of the brightest gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) in history was discovered and localized by the hete-2 satellite . \n astronomers worldwide watched and within days were rewarded by the discovery of a type ic supernova , sn 2003dh , in precisely the same location @xcite . from th...
[ { "content": "investigations focusing on global changes in star - formation activity and stellar - mass build - up in field galaxies have provided significant insight into the physical evolution of galaxies and their constituent stellar populations . \n it has now been well - established that the global star - ...
[ { "content": "cosmology and black holes as seen through the eyes of general relativity come together in the investigation of a dynamical black hole embedded in a cosmological background . \n the interplay between the cosmic dynamics and the black hole gives rise to interesting phenomena and can reveal some unex...
[ { "content": "the dynamics of adsorbed molecules is a fundamental issue in interface science @xcite and is also crucial in a large number of emerging technologies @xcite . \n adsorption at the solid - liquid interfaces arises , for instance , in many biological contexts involving protein deposition @xcite , in ...
[ { "content": "the study of periodic surfaces has recently encountered new developments in homogeneous @xmath0-spaces . in @xmath1 , \n new examples have been constructed such as for instance doubly periodic minimal surfaces by mazet , rodrguez and rosenberg @xcite or genus one constant mean curvature @xmath2 s...
[ { "content": "the rate of mixing , which has not yet been observed , would provide an important window on new physics . \n the contribution of box diagrams is very small due to gim suppression , and the mixing rate is believed to be dominated by long - distance processes . \n these processes are themselves sup...
[ { "content": "standard quantum computing @xcite is based on encoding , manipulating , and measuring quantum information encoded in the state of a collection of quantum two - level systems - qubits . \n spin-@xmath0 is an ideal implementation of a qubit , since it is a natural two - level system , and every pure...
[ { "content": "behavior of many natural systems in contact with their surroundings can be described within a stochastic picture based on langevin equations . \n the basic equation of this type reads @xmath1 where @xmath2 is the deterministic `` force '' representing the internal dynamics of the system and @xmath...
[ { "content": "optical systems exhibiting comblike resonances have a wide range of scientific and technological applications , especially in spectroscopy and frequency metrology @xcite . \n comblike profiles , which consist of ultrasharp resonance peaks , can be achieved _ \n e.g. _ in the electromagnetic ( em ...
[ { "content": "since the beginning of the space age in the late 1950 s , `` space weather '' is a hot topic . \n it deals with the space environment of the earth s atmosphere from approximately 90 km altitude onwards extending all the way to the sun . \n strong disturbances of this space environment are primaril...
[ { "content": "we consider quantum error correction coding ( qecc ) models where quantum bits ( qubits ) and quantum errors are both modeled as linear combination of pauli matrices @xmath0 . \n an [ @xmath1 ( block ) stabilizer code to denote quantum stabilizer codes , ( ... ) to denote classical binary codes , ...
[ { "content": "the standard picture of thermal plasmas associated with supernova remnants ( snrs ) is that the state of the gas appears to be either an ionizing plasma ( ip ) for young or intermediate aged snrs ( e.g. kepler s snr , kinugasa and tsunemi 1999 ) , or plasma in collisional ionization equilibrium (...
[ { "content": "hadron properties should be obtained from the qcd lagrangian as a function of the coupling constant @xmath0 and of the quark masses @xmath1 . in practice , \n things are made complicate by qcd being a strongly coupled theory in the low energy region . at the scale @xmath2 , \n nonperturbative effe...
[ { "content": "many basic features of the interactions between light composite particle are now well established . in particular , a good description @xcite-@xcite , of the interactions of light nuclei such as @xmath7 , @xmath8+@xmath9he , @xmath1he+@xmath1he etc . \n is obtained from a deep attractive potential...
[ { "content": "after more than two decades of study , helioseismology has demonstrated the capability to probe the solar interior thanks to the seismic instruments of the soho satellite and ground - based networks @xcite . the new space missions ( sdo , picard ) are oriented toward a better understanding of t...
[ { "content": "we study the capacity of the discrete - time , peak - and - average - power - limited , gaussian channel when its output is quantized using a dithered , infinite - level , uniform quantizer of step size @xmath0 and analyze its behavior in the low- and high - precision limit , where @xmath0 tends t...
[ { "content": "in the process of developing experiments measuring new phenomena in physics the estimation of the sensitivity of certain configurations of experiments is of utmost importance . + a particularly active field \n is the estimate of sensitivities for future neutrino oscillation experiments , see for e...
[ { "content": "dwarf irregular galaxies ( dirrs ) are low mass , but gas rich galaxies and are found rather isolated and spread throughout the local group . all dirrs display low elemental abundances indicating that only little chemical evolution has taken place over the past 15gyr despite ongoing star formation...
[ { "content": "the radioactive isotope @xmath0fe is believed to be synthesized through successive neutron captures on fe isotopes ( e.g. , @xmath6fe ) in a neutron - rich environment inside he burning shells in agb stars ( @xmath7fe is stored in white dwarfs and can not be ejected ) and massive stars , before o...
[ { "content": "loop formation in macromolecules plays an important role in a number of biochemical processes : stabilisation of globular proteins @xcite , transcriptional regularisation of genes @xcite as well as dna compactification in the nucleus @xcite . \n the localisation of chromatin fibres to semi - compa...
[ { "content": "a great number of experimental and theoretical papers devoted to the study of cold and ultracold atomic ensembles are related to the unique physical properties inherent in these systems and their broad possible practical applications . \n improvements in techniques for cooling atomic gases in atom...
[ { "content": "double diffusive convection ( ddc ) is the convection flow where fluid density depends on two scalar fields . \n one of the most relevant application is oceanic mixing , in which the two scalars are temperature and salinity . \n temperature diffuses about 100 times faster than salinity , and this ...
[ { "content": "this work was supported in part by the german bundesministerium fr bildung and forschung under the contract 05ht1woa3 , by the polish state committee for scientific research grant 2 p03b 060 18 for years 2000 - 2001 and by the ec contract hprn - ct-2000 - 00148 for years 2000 - 2004 .", "role"...
[ { "content": "modern density - functional theory ( dft ) was introduced by hohenberg and kohn in a classic paper @xcite and is now the workhorse of quantum chemistry and other fields of quantum physics . \n subsequently , dft was put on a mathematically firm ground by lieb using convex analysis.@xcite the cent...
[ { "content": "this research was supported by nserc - canada and by rfbr grants 98 - 02 - 17372 , 98 - 02 - 17453 and 00 - 15 - 96562 . \n m.j.levine , nuovo cimento * a48 * ( 1967 ) 67 . \n a.v.kuznetsov and n.v.mikheev , physics letters * b299 * ( 1993 ) 367 . \n p.p.kronberg , rep . \n prog . phys.*57 * ( 199...
[ { "content": "apart from a brief phase of lithium burning , brown dwarfs cool continuously . \n thus any meaningful comparison with theory requires a knowledge of the age of the brown dwarf . for this reason \n much effort has been devoted to finding brown dwarfs in clusters whose age is known . \n the three cl...
[ { "content": "quantum key distribution ( qkd ) @xcite allows two parties , alice and bob , to establish a common and secret key @xmath0 that is informationally secure ; see @xcite and references therein . \n a widely used setup for qkd is the one suggested by bennett and brassard ( bb84 ) @xcite . \n bb84 is...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of high-@xmath2 superconductivity in fe - based materials in 2008 , @xcite an enormous amount of effort has been invested to understand the microscopic behavior of these systems . \n iron pnictides and chalcogenides become superconductors either by hole- or electron - doping t...
[ { "content": "it is generally accepted that large , bright galaxies reside within massive dark matter halos ; however , the radial extent of the halos is not well constrained and , hence , neither is the total mass nor the mass to light ratio of these objects . galaxy \n galaxy lensing , in which the halos o...
[ { "content": "the investigation of the nucleon structure in the framework of qcd is a major task in today s particle physics . \n generalized parton distributions ( gpds ) have opened new ways of studying the complex interplay of longitudinal momentum and transverse coordinate space as well as spin and orbital ...
[ { "content": "the requirement of higher integration scales in electronic circuits , the onset of nanosensory applications in biomedicine , but also the fascinating capabilities of modern experimental setup with its enormous potential in polymer and surface research recently led to an increasing interest at the ...
[ { "content": "there is increasing interest in two - species bose - einstein condensate ( tbec ) in last two decades since it was first studied theoretically by ho and shenoy@xcite , and was achieved experimentally by myatt , et al.@xcite . \n the tbec provides an important tool to clarify the inter - species an...
[ { "content": "person detection has made tremendous progress over the last decade @xcite . \n standard methods work best on pedestrians : upright people in fairly simple , predictable poses , and with minimal interaction and occlusion between the person instances . \n unfortunately , people in real images are n...
[ { "content": "the recent detection of blue - shifted fe xxv / xxvi absorption lines in the x - ray spectra of several seyferts and quasars suggests the presence of highly ionized and mildly - relativistic outflows in the center of these agns ( e.g. , chartas et al . \n 2002 , 2003 ; pounds et al . 2003 ; dadi...
[ { "content": "theoretical modeling of atmospheres of extrasolar giant planets ( egp ) is a young field , about one decade old , and as youngsters usually are , it is very active , restless , and sometimes quite unpredictable . \n it had recently undergone a transition from a purely care - free stage ( no observ...
[ { "content": "the _ random field ising model _ @xmath0 has been widely studied in recent years in the context of hysteresis [ 1 - 3 ] , return - point memory [ 4,5 ] and barkhausen noise [ 6 - 11 ] . \n hysteresis is a common phenomenon , exhibited , for example , by most magnetic materials . in hysteresis \n t...
[ { "content": "according to the standard hierarchical structure formation theory based on the @xmath0cdm cosmology model , density perturbations grow into small haloes where the first stars and galaxies form ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n these astrophysical sources produce ultrav...
[ { "content": "understanding the effect of confinement on crystalline materials is crucial to many technological applications , such as lubrication , adhesion , and fabricating novel optical , catalytic materials @xcite . \n for example , during film processes , which are important for optoelectronics , magneti...
[ { "content": "convective - reactive h - combustion events are encountered when the damkhler number @xmath8 , where @xmath9 is the reaction time scale for the @xmath10 reaction and @xmath11 is the convective advection time scale @xcite . in such events \n h is ingested into he - shell flash convection , and this...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 , and consider the linear schrdinger equation @xmath1 where @xmath2 is a self - adjoint operator on @xmath3 . \n + by the hille - yoshida theorem , the equation admits a unique solution @xmath4 . under suitable conditions on @xmath2 \n , this solution enjoys a local gain of regularity ...
[ { "content": "contact problems of elasticity are widely used in many fields of science and engineering , especially in machine science , structural mechanics , geology and biomechanics . \n the brief overview of existing numerical and analytical methods for the solution of contact problems can be found in @xcit...
[ { "content": "in recent years , the rapid increase in both the availability of data on networks ( of all kinds , but especially social ones ) and the demand , from many scientific areas , for analyzing such data has resulted in a surge of generative and descriptive models for network data @xcite . within statis...
[ { "content": "one of the main applications of any quantum theory of gravity should be the complete understanding of black hole evaporation . \n since such a theory is not yet available , attention has been focused on simpler models whose quantization is expected to be tractable . \n most notably among these are...
[ { "content": "the central density profile of dark matter halos around galaxies and galaxy clusters is now highlighted in the dark matter cosmology . \n @xcite have performed cosmological n - body simulations based on cold dark matter models and show that the equilibrium density profiles of dark matter halos hav...
[ { "content": "as the main goal of the _ algebrodynamical _ approach @xcite , we regard the derivation of equations of physical fields ( or of fundamental physical laws , in a broader sense ) from a unique primary _ principle of purely abstract nature _ , based only on the intrinsic properties of exclusive mathe...
[ { "content": "spatiotemporal patterns in the transverse direction of an optical field have now been widely studied theoretically and experimentally @xcite . \n studies of optical pattern formation share a number of aspects and techniques with general investigations of pattern formation in other physical systems...
[ { "content": "bilayer graphene,@xcite two coupled hexagonal lattices of carbon atoms in the bernal stacking@xcite of graphite , is a two - dimensional zero - gap semiconductor with chiral charge carriers with berry s phase @xmath2 , having a roughly parabolic dispersion at low energies about the corners of the ...
[ { "content": "recently data on @xmath0 annihilation in the range 40 - 400 mev / c ( for the laboratory @xmath4 momentum @xmath5 ) have been produced by the obelix collaboration@xcite . \n we would like to compare these with other data on @xmath1 and @xmath6-nucleus annihilation . \n in particular , we are inter...
[ { "content": "superconductivity in iron pnictide was discovered at the boundary of magnetically ordered and non - ordered state of fe - magnetism . \n the spin - density - wave type antiferromagnetic order in rfeaso ( r = la , ce , pr , nd , sm ) and afe@xmath9as@xmath9 ( a = ca , ba , sr , eu ) could be suppre...
[ { "content": "reverberation mapping ( rm ) is a key technique for the study of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) . \n the technique is based on the temporal fluctuations of the central continuum source , and the subsequent response of the broad line region ( blr ) emission . \n the time delay between the continuum...
[ { "content": "the manipulation of microscopic particles has benefited from the high level of control and measurement provided by optical tweezers . with the technological development of fast configurable spatial light modulators ( slms ) allowing for ever more complex trapping geometries @xcite , new applicati...
[ { "content": "the fossil record of star formation and galaxy evolution is imprinted on the spatial distribution , ages and metallicities of galactic stellar populations . \n surprisingly little is known about the old and intermediate - age stellar populations in massive galaxies outside our own milky way . \n l...
[ { "content": "recently @xcite we have reported the @xmath1-evolution of the non - singlet structure functions at low and high @xmath0 as the complete solution of taylor - approximated dglap equation @xcite . \n the present paper reports the prediction of corresponding @xmath0-evolution . \n although the convent...
[ { "content": "it is fairly well established that quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) , and in particular quenched qed , breaks chiral symmetry for sufficiently large couplings . this phenomenon has been observed both in lattice simulations @xcite as well as various studies based on the use of dyson - schwinger equ...
[ { "content": "the launch of the _ swift _ satellite @xcite has revolutionized the study of the interstellar medium of gamma - ray burst ( grb ) host galaxies and fostered new studies on the intervening intergalactic medium @xcite . while previous missions alerted the community to the existence of very bright gr...
[ { "content": "quantum chromodynamics , qcd , is the theory of quarks , gluons and their interactions . \n it is central to all modern colliders . \n and , for the most part , it is what we are made of . \n qcd bears a number of similarities to quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) . \n just as electrons carry the qed...
[ { "content": "the study of superfluidity of either bosons or fermions has been a central topic in the field of ultracold atomic gases , starting from seminal experimental studies on the bose - einstein condensation of bosons @xcite and continuing with investigations of the bcs - bec crossover @xcite . \n more r...
[ { "content": "let @xmath3 be @xmath1 distinct points in the space @xmath0 , called vertices , and positive numbers @xmath4 , called weights . \n the function @xmath5 defined by @xmath6 is called the weber function , where @xmath7 denotes the euclidean norm . \n it is well - known that this function is not diffe...
[ { "content": "in order to calculate the derivative @xmath135 one should calculate the corresponding derivatives of the function @xmath136 . \n so one obtains @xmath137 and @xmath138 @xmath139 we took into account that for the equilibrium value of @xmath32 , the condition @xmath140 holds , from which follows tha...
[ { "content": "the slac and kek b factories are asymmetric e@xmath2e@xmath3 colliders which run at centre - of - mass energies at , and close to , the @xmath4 resonance . at these energies , around 10.58 gev \n , the cross section for tau - pair production , at 0.89 nb , is close to the 1.05 nb cross section ...
[ { "content": "we study bose - einstein correlations ( bec ) in hadronic @xmath4 decay using data collected by the l3 detector at an e@xmath5e@xmath6 center - of - mass energy of @xmath7 . \n approximately 36 million like - sign pairs of well - measured charged tracks from about 0.8 million hadronic z decays...
[ { "content": "currently , direct dark matter detection experiments searching for weakly interacting massive particles ( wimps ) are one of the promising methods for understanding the nature of dark matter and identifying them among new particles produced at colliders as well as reconstructing the ( sub)structur...
[ { "content": "the drell - yan pair production remains up to now the theoretically cleanest way to access sea - quark distributions in hadrons . \n necessary stage of such analysis is the measurement both with protons and neutrons , in which sea - quarks with different flavors are probed . \n as the construction...
[ { "content": "in the quasi - elastic regime ( qe ) , the doubly - differential cross section , in which a neutrino carrying initial four - momentum @xmath2 scatters off a nuclear target to a state of four - momentum @xmath3 can be written in born approximation as follows : [ elem ] = l _ w_a^ , where @xmath4 i...
[ { "content": "[ cols= \" < , < \" , ] after fixing compensator structure , coefficients @xmath0 are obtained by applying straightforward least squares optimization . \n + we should emphasize here that fitting has to be done for both real and imaginary part of @xmath1 $ ] , thus the actual compensator struct...
[ { "content": "the frequency spectrum of observations of the integrated brightness of the sun is often referred to as the solar acoustic spectrum @xcite , as it is mainly used to study pressure or sound waves inside the sun . \n these sound waves can be observed on the surface of the sun as oscillation pattens w...
[ { "content": "understanding the ground state properties of spin systems on a lattice is of central importance in many - body physics , but at the same time , it is a highly challenging problem in many scenarios . \n an important step in understanding its difficulty has been the insight that computing e.g. the ...
[ { "content": "with the increasing availability of radioactive ion - beams @xcite the study of structure and reactions of exotic nuclei has become feasible @xcite . in particular , detailed investigations of the fusion process \n are crucial for the prediction of heavy - element formation and will lead to a be...
[ { "content": "the problems of entropic and spectral rigidity of riemannian manifolds have been widely studied , beginning with the surfaces @xcite . \n the works treat riemannian metrics on compact surfaces @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , on higher dimension manifolds @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , or on sur...
[ { "content": "current power grid is being modernized into smart grid by enabling the integrations of advanced information and communication technologies relating power consumption and storage @xcite . integrating new technologies to power grid \n enables us to control the grid in a more flexible and efficient ...
[ { "content": "the discrete nature of vorticity in quantum fluids ( superfluid @xmath0he , @xmath1he and atomic bose \n einstein condensates ) makes it possible to give physical meaning to vortex reconnections . \n the importance of vortex reconnections in turbulence can not be overestimated . \n reconnections r...
[ { "content": "the perturbed two - body problem is one of the central areas of interest of celestial mechanics . \n a wide class of perturbations of the dynamics of a binary system are described by the generic brumberg force [ @xcite ] . \n another type of perturbation is provided by general relativistic modific...
[ { "content": "in this section we will consider a large class of systems with a generic number of degrees of freedom @xmath5 . \n let us define the operator @xmath6 which is the column vector composed by @xmath5 generalized coordinates together with @xmath5 canonical conjugate momenta . \n it is possible to expr...
[ { "content": "the measurement of the electric polarizability @xmath10 of an atom is a difficult experiment : this quantity can not be measured by spectroscopy , which can access only to polarizability differences , and one should rely either on macroscopic quantity measurements such as the electric permittivity...
[ { "content": "holmberg ii ( hereafter abbreviated as hoii ) is one of the most famous examples of a dwarf galaxy exhibiting a violent , disrupted ism , as traced by its appearance in the 21cm hi line @xcite . \n hi holes are present across the entire galaxy even well beyond hoii s stellar body . \n @xcite co...
[ { "content": "one of the important processes that will be studied at high precision at ilc with and without beam polarization is w - pair production . \n phenomelonogical studies of this process within the standard model ( sm ) have been carried out in great detail @xcite . \n since properties of the weak gaug...
[ { "content": "this work dedicated to the study of the so - called multilayer saint - venant system , which arises as an approximate model for the propagation of waves in the ocean or atmosphere , when density stratification can not be neglected . \n we will refer to as _ free surface system _ the following firs...
[ { "content": "_ topological recursion _ \n developed by eynard , orantin and chekhov produces invariants of a riemann surface @xmath3 equipped with two meromorphic functions @xmath4 and a bidifferential @xmath5 for @xmath6 @xcite . \n we require the zeros of @xmath7 to be simple and refer to the data @xmath8 a...
[ { "content": "in the @xmath3 region of the rare - earth nuclei , three bands are observed to interact with each other at @xmath4 . \n the bands are g- , s- and t - bands . the g- and \n s - bands are well - known rotational bands of the ground state and rotation - aligned configurations , respectively . on the ...
[ { "content": "recent bottom - up @xcite and top - down @xcite demonstrations of si channels with diameters of only a few nanometers shape the roadmap towards the ultimate limits of scaling . silicon nanowires ( sinws ) , in particular , can be easily integrated with existing semiconductor technologies . as ex...
[ { "content": "the generation of a sustained spin polarized current constitutes a key requirement in practical spintronics . in two - dimensional electron gas ( 2deg ) \n systems with rashba spin - orbit coupling ( soc ) , spin precession about the rashba field and the accompanying zitterbewegung - like motion w...
[ { "content": "forty years after the discovery of pulsars it is fair to say that an immense amount of progress has been made in the quest to understand how neutron stars ( ns ) form and evolve in different stellar systems . \n our understanding of these processes has benefited most importantly by the study of bi...
[ { "content": "the ubiquity of supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) in the nuclei of many galaxies ( e.g. magorrian et al . \n 1998 ) suggests that binary and multiple smbh systems may also be widespread . \n for example , smbh binaries should form in galaxy mergers ( begelman , blandford , & rees 1980 ) , which i...
[ { "content": "recently , babar collaboration has discovered a narrow state with @xmath4 with a mass of 2317 mev , @xmath5 @xcite . \n the existence of a second narrow resonance , @xmath6 with @xmath7 , was confirmed by cleo @xcite . \n both states have been confirmed by belle @xcite . soon after the discovery ,...
[ { "content": "quantum interference of electrons in mesoscopic conductors manifests itself in a number of fundamentally important phenomena which can be directly observed in modern experiments . \n one of them is the phenomenon of weak localization ( wl ) @xcite . in the absence of interactions \n electron wave ...
[ { "content": "collective behavior , which occurs commonly in physical , chemical and biological systems , has been a subject of continued interest in nonlinear science over the last decades @xcite . in neural and biological systems , a typical collective behavior observed is the coherent motion of oscillators ....
[ { "content": "pascal s triangle is constructed from binomial coefficients @xmath2 , where @xmath3 is the @xmath4 entry of the @xmath5 row ( see figure [ pastri ] ) . \n it is well - known that pascal s triangle exhibits a fractal nature mod @xmath0 where @xmath0 is a prime . for example , in the mod 2 case , th...
[ { "content": "we consider simple undirected graphs , and are interested in the classical packings of graphs as introduced in @xcite , and their generalization , called limited packings , as presented in @xcite . in the literature , the classical packings can be referred to under different names , e.g. , as ( di...
[ { "content": "the potential of ant - based models @xcite in solving difficult optimization problems has been well emphasized by successful results obtained in many and varied fields including transportation optimization , quadratic assignment , scheduling , vehicle routing and protein folding . \n inspired by t...
[ { "content": "the jordan - wigner transformation maps a pauli spin 1/2 system onto a ` hard - core ' boson model @xcite . \n this leads to a bosonic description of the collective excitons whilst maintaining pauli s exclusion principle , which forbids double excitation of a single site . in our case \n each ` sp...
[ { "content": "recent observations show that the most massive ( @xmath8@xmath1 ) spheroid - like galaxies at @xmath9 , irrespective of their star formation activity ( prez - gonzlez et al . \n 2008 ) , were much smaller ( a factor of @xmath7 ) than their local counterparts ( daddi et al . 2005 ; trujillo et al ...