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Heart Rate Variability HRV
Want to know your level of vagal tone Unfortunately directly measuring vagal tone requires
inserting electrodes into the nerve to test its level of activity Since that requires invasive
Chapter Listen to Your Heart and Gut
surgery scientists indirectly but accurately measure vagal tone using the bodys ability to
synchronize heart rate and breathing This is known as heart rate variability or HRV
The concept of HRV along with its relationship to health and relaxation is strongly
scientifically supported and it has become prevalent in stress reduction and selfimprovement
circles The idea is that during negative emotions the hearts rhythm is erratic and disordered
resulting in low HRV During positive emotion the hearts rate increases slightly during
inhalation and decreases during exhalation This equates to high HRV Many
psychophysiologists call this ordered pattern coherence
Heart rate variability is used as an index to measure autonomic imbalance due to trauma
When high it is considered a marker of stress resilience Vagal and HRV dysregulation are
among the main clinical features of complex traumatic syndromes following earlylife
relationship trauma Calm infants have high vagal tone and high HRV They tend to be less
irritable than other infants and have a secure attachment to their mothers Children with high
vagal tone and high HRV have less social inhibition improved mental health and better
emotional regulation
Having a higher HRV is associated with a healthier cardiovascular system improved
executive brain function decreased stress increased immune function improved mood
and overall greater health and longevity HRV declines with age and predicts future health
problems People with relatively low HRV are less likely to recover after a heart attack
Low HRV amplitude correlates with a highly elevated risk of sudden cardiac death coronary
heart disease and mortality from a range of causes
There are accepted ways to raise your vagal tone and HRV First stop obsessing and
ruminating about negative things Studies have found that daily worry is strongly associated
with low HRV Science also recognizes that you can increase HRV by focusing on happy
thoughts deliberately curtailing anger and exercising regularly But there is another way
You can increase your HRV through biofeedback To do this you can purchase a pulse
sensor and the accompanying software for your computer or mobile device The application
shows your heart rate variability and positively reinforces you for bringing it into coherence
This HRV biofeedback has been shown to decrease depression anxiety and stress Take a
guess at how these electronic devices coach you to raise your HRV They do it by providing you
with a breath metronome Breathing deeply at long intervals is effective at increasing HRV
want to encourage you to look into them but you probably dont need to buy an HRV
biofeedback device believe that the paced breathing regimen set out in this book can
dramatically improve your HRV
Many scientists believe that heart rate variability is maximized at around five breaths per
minute ie fivesecond inhalations and sevensecond exhalations Breathing deeply at this
rate allows your heart rate to drop to beats per minute at the end of every exhalation
This drop in heart rate during exhalation gives your heart the microbreak it needs to regenerate
properly and beat sustainably Breathing shallowly at something like breaths per minute
decreases HRV by keeping your heart rate from dropping with every exhalation sacrificing the
critical rest period
Bracing the diaphragm during the exhalation may also cause us to miss that rest period
Breathing Exercise asks you to allow your diaphragm to go limp throughout each exhalation
After you do the work of inflating your lungs the air pressure itself should do the work of
PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
deflating them believe that allowing your lungs to deflate passively during exhalation may not
only give your breathing muscles a short respite but may also allow your heart to slow down
during the exhale increasing HRV
The relaxing effects of paced breathing on the heart are also seen in blood pressure
Several experimental studies have published results showing blood pressure to be reduced
when participants breathe at a rate of six breaths per minute with the exhalations longer than
the inhalations In one study paced breathing for merely minutes resulted in elevated
mood higher HRV and lower blood pressure Another study had patients perform paced
breathing twice a day for three months They experienced significant drops in blood pressure
that would be expected in an individual taking one or two blood pressure medications
Dont drive your heart like its a car that you stole Stop redlining downshift and put less
wear and tear on the vehicle
Conclusion
The commotion of distressed breathing causes so many sensations within your chest that it
completely obscures your heartbeat If you cant feel the pain in your heart you cant correct
its overreactions and they will continue to mount When you are ignoring the pounding in your
chest your body is going to assume that this is because your current situation is so desperate
Like running on a broken leg this should only happen during lifeordeath situations never ona
daily basis
Paced diaphragmatic breathing is so smooth and quiet that it allows you to feel your heart
beating in your chest In other words long deep breaths make your heart rate apparent to you
so that you can tell whether it is beating too fast and make the necessary corrections Of
course paced breathing with a stethoscope magnifies this even more Find the pleasure in slow
breathing find the bliss in a slow heartbeat and find the combination of the two as
nourishment
Chapter Listen to Your Heart and Gut
Chapter Bullet Points
e Interoception is the ability to perceive the sensations going on within your body
Developing interoception will allow you to learn how to unbrace your internal organs
e Preexisting tension in your abdomen combined with stress causes that sinking feeling in
the pit of your stomach
e Compressing your abdomen with a basketball will relieve this tension and make you
immune to gutwrenching episodes
e Your heart chronically beats too fast causing cumulative damage to it
e If you listen to your heart with a stethoscope you should be able to sense that it is
beating too fast and out of proportion with environmental demands
e Listening to your heart with a stethoscope while paced breathing provides a form of
relief that you cannot get anywhere else
e As you do this imagine breathing into and out of your heart
e Paced diaphragmatic breathing causes your heart to slow your vagal tone and HRV to
increase and your blood pressure to decrease
e Tell yourself that you are the kind of person whose heart beats slowly
e Your thought process is playing a game of table tennis with your diaphragm Your heart
is the ping pong ball Each time the ball strikes a paddle you have a heartbeat Right
now they are playing at a furious pace and none of the players are enjoying themselves
You want to slow them down You want them to be lobbing the ball to each other
keeping an easy volley going and having a fun noncompetitive game
PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
Chapter Endnotes
Schwartz M S Andrasik F Eds Biofeedback A practitioners guide rd ed