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SQuAD
Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...
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What did Chopin tend to avoid?
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{ "text": [ "rigid procedures" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 500 ], "end": [ 515 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ] }
[ "rigid procedures" ]
SQuAD
Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...
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59ee6d29e0cd46c3ba2bc9176ea0d851
What has been falsely credited to Chopin?
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{ "text": [ "\"always crescendo to a high note\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 566 ], "end": [ 598 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 101 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ] }
[ "\"always crescendo to a high note\"" ]
SQuAD
Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...
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What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts?
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{ "text": [ "hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 378 ], "end": [ 429 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art" ]
SQuAD
Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...
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56468de3cd764822a3332eb369ffd8ac
Who wrote about Chopin's "chromatic embroidery"?
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{ "text": [ "Berlioz" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 699 ], "end": [ 705 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 125 ], "end": [ 125 ] } ] }
[ "Berlioz" ]
SQuAD
Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself said to a pupil that "conce...
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Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a "colorful wreath of flowers"?
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{ "text": [ "Hiller" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 944 ], "end": [ 949 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 171 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ] }
[ "Hiller" ]
SQuAD
Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' ...
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According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?
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{ "text": [ "Friederike Müller" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "Friederike Müller" ]
SQuAD
Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' ...
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Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing?
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{ "text": [ "Friederike Müller" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "Friederike Müller" ]
SQuAD
Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' ...
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292f4a9efd5945eba971fe99a4f76f11
According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?
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{ "text": [ "rhythm." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 364 ], "end": [ 370 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "rhythm." ]
SQuAD
Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship. The historian T...
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d55f35e7963a4ac0b067e448e9a84cb1
Who supported van Praag's beliefs?
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{ "text": [ "historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 309 ], "end": [ 339 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa" ]
SQuAD
Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship. The historian T...
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a863dcac5df240ef870658032e8ab018
Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?
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{ "text": [ "Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 381 ], "end": [ 411 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain" ]
SQuAD
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
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The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?
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{ "text": [ "Krystyna Kobylańska" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 285 ], "end": [ 303 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "Krystyna Kobylańska" ]
SQuAD
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
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cae6f55e8b0a4e2da99758b264a24b01
Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?
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{ "text": [ "1857" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "1857" ]
SQuAD
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
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e9d9bc031c084e05b7d85e6c1457cf90
What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?
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{ "text": [ "alternative catalogue designations" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "alternative catalogue designations" ]
SQuAD
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
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What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?
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{ "text": [ "the Kobylańska Catalogue" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 168 ], "end": [ 191 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "the Kobylańska Catalogue" ]
SQuAD
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
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What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue?
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{ "text": [ "KK" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 231 ], "end": [ 232 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "KK" ]
SQuAD
Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.
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Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue?
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{ "text": [ "Krystyna Kobylańska." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 285 ], "end": [ 304 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 48 ] } ] }
[ "Krystyna Kobylańska." ]
SQuAD
A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others...
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e1ed684e6db24046a558daa6ada43af0
A modern commentator, William Atwood, feels Poles not only sought solace in Chopin's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what?
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{ "text": [ "freedom" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 386 ], "end": [ 392 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ] }
[ "freedom" ]
SQuAD
A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others...
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Where were Poles scattered to?
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[ "Europe and the New World" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?
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{ "text": [ "Carnaval" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 145 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "Carnaval" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann?
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{ "text": [ "Ballade No. 2 in F major" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 179 ], "end": [ 202 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Ballade No. 2 in F major" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?
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[ "six" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?
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[ "Alkan" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers?
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{ "text": [ "qualities as a pianist and composer" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "qualities as a pianist and composer" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?
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{ "text": [ "Carnaval" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 145 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "Carnaval" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann?
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{ "text": [ "Ballade No. 2 in F major" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 179 ], "end": [ 202 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Ballade No. 2 in F major" ]
SQuAD
Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi...
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What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work?
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{ "text": [ "Liszt" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 269 ], "end": [ 273 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "Liszt" ]
SQuAD
Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...
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Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to Chopin?
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{ "text": [ "Debussy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 392 ], "end": [ 398 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Debussy" ]
SQuAD
Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...
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For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for?
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{ "text": [ "Jacques Durand" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 612 ], "end": [ 625 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 114 ] } ] }
[ "Jacques Durand" ]
SQuAD
Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...
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Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?
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{ "text": [ "Raoul Koczalski" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 197 ], "end": [ 211 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "Raoul Koczalski" ]
SQuAD
Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Lo...
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What music did Debussy play a lot at the Paris Conservatoire?
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{ "text": [ "Chopin's" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "Chopin's" ]
SQuAD
The exact nature of relations between Tibet and the Ming dynasty of China (1368–1644) is unclear. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. Some Mainland Chinese scholars, such as Wang Jiawei...
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Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain?
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[ "Mainland Chinese scholars" ]
SQuAD
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...
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According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?
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{ "text": [ "Karol Szymanowski" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 183 ], "end": [ 199 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "Karol Szymanowski" ]
SQuAD
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...
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Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?
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{ "text": [ "national modes and idioms" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 392 ], "end": [ 416 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "national modes and idioms" ]
SQuAD
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...
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Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?
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{ "text": [ "Nikolai Zverev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 584 ], "end": [ 597 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ] }
[ "Nikolai Zverev" ]
SQuAD
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...
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Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?
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{ "text": [ "Karol Szymanowski" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 183 ], "end": [ 199 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "Karol Szymanowski" ]
SQuAD
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...
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Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?
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{ "text": [ "Alexander Scriabin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 419 ], "end": [ 436 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ] }
[ "Alexander Scriabin" ]
SQuAD
Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other...
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Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?
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{ "text": [ "Nikolai Zverev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 584 ], "end": [ 597 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ] }
[ "Nikolai Zverev" ]
SQuAD
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...
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When did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China take place?
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{ "text": [ "907–960" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "907–960" ]
SQuAD
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...
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When did the Song dynasty take place?
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{ "text": [ "960–1279" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 318 ], "end": [ 325 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "960–1279" ]
SQuAD
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...
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What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?
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[ "Song dynasty" ]
SQuAD
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...
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Who ruled the Liao dynasty?
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{ "text": [ "the Khitan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 403 ], "end": [ 412 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ] }
[ "the Khitan" ]
SQuAD
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (96...
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Who ruled the Jin dynasty?
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{ "text": [ "Jurchen" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 448 ], "end": [ 454 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 86 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "Jurchen" ]
SQuAD
Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski sug...
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Who said that Chopin's familiarity with Polish music was more "urbanised" than true folk music?
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{ "text": [ "Barbara Milewski" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 300 ], "end": [ 315 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "Barbara Milewski" ]
SQuAD
Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski sug...
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George Golos references what two musicians when claiming Chopin's nationalism was overrated?
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[ "Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel" ]
SQuAD
Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski sug...
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Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?
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{ "text": [ "Richard Taruskin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 543 ], "end": [ 558 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "Richard Taruskin" ]
SQuAD
Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...
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Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special?
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[ "Byronic flamboyance" ]
SQuAD
Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...
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Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?
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{ "text": [ "Liszt and Henri Herz" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 838 ], "end": [ 857 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 149 ], "end": [ 152 ] } ] }
[ "Liszt and Henri Herz" ]
SQuAD
Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...
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What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons?
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{ "text": [ "Paris" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 218 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "Paris" ]
SQuAD
Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a...
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Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?
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{ "text": [ "Arthur Hutchings" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 670 ], "end": [ 685 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 122 ] } ] }
[ "Arthur Hutchings" ]
SQuAD
J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody." Temperley opines that these works, wh...
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What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette?
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{ "text": [ "the Barcarolle Op. 60" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 154 ], "end": [ 174 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "the Barcarolle Op. 60" ]
SQuAD
J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody." Temperley opines that these works, wh...
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What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces?
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[ "the four ballades and four scherzos" ]
SQuAD
J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody." Temperley opines that these works, wh...
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What form does Temperley feel that Chopin's ballades and scherzos are based on?
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[ "departure and return" ]
SQuAD
In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto ru...
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What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated?
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[ "1358" ]
SQuAD
In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto ru...
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Who placed the Sakya viceregal regime position of authority?
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{ "text": [ "the Mongols in Tibet" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "the Mongols in Tibet" ]
SQuAD
In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto ru...
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Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime?
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[ "the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen" ]
SQuAD
In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto ru...
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Which dynasty became ruler of Tibet?
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[ "the Phagmodrupa Dynasty" ]
SQuAD
Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court. They note that at the same time, the Mongol Prince Punala, ...
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Who believed that the Ming court had full sovereignty over Tibet?
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[ "Wang and Nyima" ]
SQuAD
Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court. They note that at the same time, the Mongol Prince Punala, ...
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What year did Wang and Nyima believe that the Mongol Prince Punala went to Nanjing?
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{ "text": [ "1371" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 398 ], "end": [ 401 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "1371" ]
SQuAD
Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court. They note that at the same time, the Mongol Prince Punala, ...
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What did the lamas called themselves?
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[ "princes" ]
SQuAD
Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court. They note that at the same time, the Mongol Prince Punala, ...
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What edicts did the Ming issue?
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[ "imperial edicts" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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Chopin was noted as introducing music to what?
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[ "sense of nationalism" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?
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{ "text": [ "1836" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 130 ], "end": [ 133 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "1836" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?
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{ "text": [ "Poland" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 224 ], "end": [ 229 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "Poland" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?
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[ "the failure of the November 1830" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?
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[ "Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?
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[ "polonaises" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?
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[ "Schumann" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?
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{ "text": [ "flowers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 623 ], "end": [ 629 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 125 ], "end": [ 125 ] } ] }
[ "flowers" ]
SQuAD
With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November...
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Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?
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{ "text": [ "Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 730 ], "end": [ 758 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 146 ], "end": [ 150 ] } ] }
[ "Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein" ]
SQuAD
The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...
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edcdeeace97742d18f8dbb9566a4fac0
What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?
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{ "text": [ "armed resistance" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 158 ], "end": [ 173 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "armed resistance" ]
SQuAD
The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...
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75437470d02d44e2b34be495e864ec44
Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?
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{ "text": [ "the Mongols" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 503 ], "end": [ 513 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ] }
[ "the Mongols" ]
SQuAD
The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...
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92f7f65fee154508a2d42fc621cc1217
Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish?
{ "tokens": [ "Which", "regime", "did", "Güshi", "Khan", "help", "establish", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 13, 17, 23, 28, 33, 42 ] }
{ "text": [ "the Ganden Phodrang" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 727 ], "end": [ 745 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 130 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ] }
[ "the Ganden Phodrang" ]
SQuAD
The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initi...
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2da75c9461204761a25ef3e6007d084b
When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?
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{ "text": [ "1578" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 328 ], "end": [ 331 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "1578" ]
SQuAD
As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also en...
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0e568d0b0b804d3bb547d4b852c89870
Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?
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{ "text": [ "Rolpe Dorje" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 139 ], "end": [ 149 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "Rolpe Dorje" ]
SQuAD
As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also en...
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eee3cbce936547ac8addd40cbb30db20
Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "rejected", "an", "invitation", "by", "the", "Hongwu", "Emperor", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 13, 16, 27, 30, 34, 41, 48 ] }
{ "text": [ "Rolpe Dorje" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 139 ], "end": [ 149 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "Rolpe Dorje" ]
SQuAD
As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also en...
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005e187fb4f845559c683422971ad649
What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote?
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{ "text": [ "the Buddhist link between Tibet and China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 112 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "the Buddhist link between Tibet and China" ]
SQuAD
As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also en...
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4dfeaa95998644578e3ec69d7800ba4c
Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?
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{ "text": [ "disciples" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 249 ], "end": [ 257 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 48 ] } ] }
[ "disciples" ]
SQuAD
However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (1912–1949). Despite these missions on behalf of the Hongwu Emperor...
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5c449db7766a46cf87cdbc5986f4fe74
Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism?
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{ "text": [ "Ming government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Ming government" ]
SQuAD
However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (1912–1949). Despite these missions on behalf of the Hongwu Emperor...
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a9a557d09d644dbc8cd5c1dead8b8e3e
What years did the Yongle Emperor reign?
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{ "text": [ "1402–1424" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 372 ], "end": [ 380 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ] }
[ "1402–1424" ]
SQuAD
However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (1912–1949). Despite these missions on behalf of the Hongwu Emperor...
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7343f2eb2e6b40e2a547c05bb14b9c46
Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "the Yongle Emperor" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 349 ], "end": [ 366 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "the Yongle Emperor" ]
SQuAD
The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officia...
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13782ac870134deab7a797dc2ef9205a
Who was the Mongol prince?
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{ "text": [ "Godan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "Godan" ]
SQuAD
The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officia...
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9c6f747630c14539b1c9c21bc2c9b111
Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism?
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{ "text": [ "Sakya Pandita" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 126 ], "end": [ 138 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "Sakya Pandita" ]
SQuAD
The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officia...
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06a275f75614424082024df8461461e5
Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "was", "the", "regent", "of", "the", "Mongol", "Empire", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 8, 12, 19, 22, 26, 33, 39 ] }
{ "text": [ "Töregene Khatun" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 382 ], "end": [ 396 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ] }
[ "Töregene Khatun" ]
SQuAD
The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officia...
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5cf5a666a73743b4833527ff64d281fa
In what years was Töregene Khatun the regent of the Mongol Empire?
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{ "text": [ "1241–1246" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 399 ], "end": [ 407 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "1241–1246" ]
SQuAD
Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited ...
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29c9b830ec6b445a814de85d8aa91b76
How many states were ruled by myriarchies?
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{ "text": [ "thirteen" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 815 ], "end": [ 822 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 148 ], "end": [ 148 ] } ] }
[ "thirteen" ]
SQuAD
Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited ...
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b6e86ba6154e4b1fa225bbd3decbbbbe
What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294?
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{ "text": [ "Khagan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "Khagan" ]
SQuAD
Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited ...
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def2cab917d34773869501c8f2b83acb
Who was the superior of prince Kublai?
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{ "text": [ "Ögedei Khan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 147 ], "end": [ 157 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Ögedei Khan" ]
SQuAD
Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited ...
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80f4ee44a0e24029915d4083d6e7ef31
Who became the second Karmapa Lama?
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{ "text": [ "Karma Pakshi" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "Karma Pakshi" ]
SQuAD
Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited ...
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ae9ff76a0b394b92809688f7a0355504
With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with?
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{ "text": [ "the Phagpa lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 470 ], "end": [ 484 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ] }
[ "the Phagpa lama" ]
SQuAD
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...
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fe53c3f87a8f4fce86ccac120a929ab0
How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?
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[ "four" ]
SQuAD
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...
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6e27ac6333f34bf39ea44a098013389d
What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"?
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{ "text": [ "Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 693 ], "end": [ 725 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ] }
[ "Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson" ]
SQuAD
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...
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0944c12c0e2f4690a5d96e3a0ca51636
How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?
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[ "four" ]
SQuAD
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...
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Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann?
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[ "The last movement" ]
SQuAD
The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and t...
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According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms?
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[ "Op. 58" ]
SQuAD
The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. According to Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, leading officials of...
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How many princes of Dharma were assigned by the Ming court?
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[ "three" ]
SQuAD
The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. According to Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, leading officials of...
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Who established the Tibetan law code?
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[ "Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen" ]
SQuAD
The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. According to Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, leading officials of...
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Who was the Phagmodru ruler?
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[ "Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen" ]
SQuAD
In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, ...
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Who created the Ming Dynasty?
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{ "text": [ "Zhu Yuanzhang" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 118 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "Zhu Yuanzhang" ]
SQuAD
In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, ...
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Who caused the Yuan dynasty to fall?
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[ "the Red Turban Rebellion" ]
SQuAD
In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, ...
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Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?
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[ "Zhu Yuanzhang" ]