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SQuAD
However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus,...
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Who strongly believed Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to restore the glories of its Imperial age to Tibet?
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[ "Van Praag" ]
SQuAD
However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus,...
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What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at?
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[ "the University of Washington" ]
SQuAD
However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus,...
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What did Lok-Ham Chan claim Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to remove?
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{ "text": [ "all traces of Mongol suzerainty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 270 ], "end": [ 300 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "all traces of Mongol suzerainty" ]
SQuAD
A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another ...
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When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?
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[ "1407" ]
SQuAD
A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another ...
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When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa?
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[ "1413" ]
SQuAD
A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another ...
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Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?
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{ "text": [ "his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 525 ], "end": [ 558 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ] }
[ "his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes" ]
SQuAD
A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another ...
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15cb73b357374567a6957a5c2b43b8d5
When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?
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[ "1414" ]
SQuAD
The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kub...
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cce0883b7eec4f7f97db077b43ffb351
How did the The Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty?
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{ "text": [ "A Mongol dynasty of China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 189 ], "end": [ 213 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "A Mongol dynasty of China" ]
SQuAD
The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kub...
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How did the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan Dynasty?
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{ "text": [ "the line of Mongol rulers in China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 444 ], "end": [ 477 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ] }
[ "the line of Mongol rulers in China" ]
SQuAD
The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kub...
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67e37f6adb904db2800f8da920e3cfa4
What did Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as?
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{ "text": [ "a non-Chinese polity" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 846 ], "end": [ 865 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 156 ], "end": [ 160 ] } ] }
[ "a non-Chinese polity" ]
SQuAD
The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kub...
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c21f70a046624aa8a48def723fbf5926
Who wrote the book Khubilai Khan?
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{ "text": [ "Rossabi" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1168 ], "end": [ 1174 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 212 ], "end": [ 212 ] } ] }
[ "Rossabi" ]
SQuAD
The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kub...
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f5f0adc3378d4521ae5d67c2cb091f02
When did the yuan dynasty start and end?
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{ "text": [ "1271 to 1368" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 231 ], "end": [ 242 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "1271 to 1368" ]
SQuAD
Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages ...
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8cdad7048b074e2981679f1fc8ac9368
At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place?
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[ "Linggu Temple" ]
SQuAD
Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages ...
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2de494b3dd0343cd98773e83bc2aabac
Where was the Linggu Temple located?
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{ "text": [ "Nanjing" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 127 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "Nanjing" ]
SQuAD
Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages ...
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788585568b364234874086c39d8dd740
What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing?
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{ "text": [ "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 437 ], "end": [ 467 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ] }
[ "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma" ]
SQuAD
Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages ...
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7b282dd3047f4fdbaa070e5b4e0fcd3c
Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to?
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{ "text": [ "religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 943 ], "end": [ 991 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 176 ], "end": [ 182 ] } ] }
[ "religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects" ]
SQuAD
Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China, both practically and theoretically subject to...
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During Which dynasty does Josef Kolmaš claim Tibet was considered an organic part of China?
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[ "the Qing dynasty" ]
SQuAD
Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China, both practically and theoretically subject to...
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Josef Kolmaš states that Tibet became subject to what government?
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{ "text": [ "the Chinese central government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 321 ], "end": [ 350 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "the Chinese central government" ]
SQuAD
Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642...
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Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior?
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[ "Tümen Khan" ]
SQuAD
Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642...
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To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama?
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[ "the great-grandson of Altan Khan" ]
SQuAD
Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642...
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Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "the 5th Dalai Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 322 ], "end": [ 339 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "the 5th Dalai Lama" ]
SQuAD
Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642...
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When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet?
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[ "In 1642" ]
SQuAD
Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv...
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What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted?
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{ "text": [ "Master of Vajradhara" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "Master of Vajradhara" ]
SQuAD
Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv...
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Who was the fourth Dalai Lama?
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{ "text": [ "Yonten Gyatso" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Yonten Gyatso" ]
SQuAD
Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv...
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When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso?
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{ "text": [ "1616" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 143 ], "end": [ 146 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "1616" ]
SQuAD
Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv...
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Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616?
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{ "text": [ "Yonten Gyatso" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Yonten Gyatso" ]
SQuAD
Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv...
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Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing?
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{ "text": [ "he died" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 389 ], "end": [ 395 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ] }
[ "he died" ]
SQuAD
China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China." It also states that ...
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When was Tibet included into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China?
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{ "text": [ "the 13th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 202 ], "end": [ 217 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "the 13th century" ]
SQuAD
China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China." It also states that ...
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Who was said to have gained the right to rule Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "the Ming dynasty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 320 ], "end": [ 335 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "the Ming dynasty" ]
SQuAD
China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China." It also states that ...
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1e611d908cfc4d48bf2e2788e094e3d2
When was China Daily started?
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{ "text": [ "1981" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "1981" ]
SQuAD
China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China." It also states that ...
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49c92135fd7b4bc4a7fa7d4661207c5f
Who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "the Ming" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 320 ], "end": [ 327 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ] }
[ "the Ming" ]
SQuAD
China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China." It also states that ...
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dd4ed737992049a38629342e2a1e09c1
According to article Tibet has remained under what jurisdiction?
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{ "text": [ "the central government of China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 266 ], "end": [ 296 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "the central government of China" ]
SQuAD
During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Sh...
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When did Deshin Shekpa travels start?
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{ "text": [ "1403" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "1403" ]
SQuAD
During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Sh...
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0e88c0ddd4484399a6a81dc547e5711e
Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa?
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{ "text": [ "Nanjing" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 115 ], "end": [ 121 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "Nanjing" ]
SQuAD
During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Sh...
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Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to?
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{ "text": [ "the Karmapa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 388 ], "end": [ 398 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "the Karmapa" ]
SQuAD
During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Sh...
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2e99f0a549334091bc959b4ad2043a82
Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric?
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{ "text": [ "Kublai" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 643 ], "end": [ 648 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 120 ], "end": [ 120 ] } ] }
[ "Kublai" ]
SQuAD
During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Sh...
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Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa?
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{ "text": [ "the Yongle Emperor" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 177 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "the Yongle Emperor" ]
SQuAD
With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Depa...
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d73913eefb8e4e53aed3c90ffe7f3651
Who was Zhengde's successor?
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{ "text": [ "Jiajing" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Jiajing" ]
SQuAD
With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Depa...
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What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of?
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{ "text": [ "Neo-Confucian establishment" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 124 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "Neo-Confucian establishment" ]
SQuAD
With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Depa...
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Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?
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{ "text": [ "the Portuguese embassy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 150 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 29 ] } ] }
[ "the Portuguese embassy" ]
SQuAD
With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Depa...
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Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?
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{ "text": [ "Tibetan Buddhism and lamas" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 251 ], "end": [ 276 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "Tibetan Buddhism and lamas" ]
SQuAD
With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Depa...
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88e4e0349a824a4188429036a44de82e
Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign?
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{ "text": [ "Jiajing" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Jiajing" ]
SQuAD
Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin...
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8b17e4a4e67147bc875ac68f7effbcf1
What practice did Altan Khan put to an end?
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{ "text": [ "the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice" ]
SQuAD
Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin...
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Who did Altan Khan persuade to convert to Gelug Buddhism?
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{ "text": [ "the Mongol princes and subjects" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 137 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "the Mongol princes and subjects" ]
SQuAD
Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin...
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What did Altan Khan threaten the Mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert?
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[ "execution" ]
SQuAD
Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin...
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Who did the Mongol princes ask to grant them titles?
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{ "text": [ "the Dalai Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 322 ], "end": [ 335 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "the Dalai Lama" ]
SQuAD
Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin...
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987981d9c8a04bd3ab19e1146a3d624d
Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles?
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{ "text": [ "Committed to their religious leader" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 253 ], "end": [ 287 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "Committed to their religious leader" ]
SQuAD
Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th...
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a3386a42f4044a6d9f02f278f8d62fd4
Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to?
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[ "the third Dalai Lama" ]
SQuAD
Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th...
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3045ea4435ba4f65bd738737fbec4a3e
What was the the third Dalai Lama allowed to do?
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{ "text": [ "pay tribute" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 111 ], "end": [ 121 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "pay tribute" ]
SQuAD
Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th...
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1e0c943f05814db2ad8f62e43f3c2c4e
What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587?
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[ "the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama" ]
SQuAD
Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th...
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665279f9339349fd8331613059d97dac
In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?
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{ "text": [ "the fifth Dalai Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 525 ], "end": [ 544 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 104 ], "end": [ 107 ] } ] }
[ "the fifth Dalai Lama" ]
SQuAD
Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th...
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d60ee15e8dc44abb933312d3f9d69249
In 1713 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?
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{ "text": [ "the fifth Panchen Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 572 ], "end": [ 593 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 114 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ] }
[ "the fifth Panchen Lama" ]
SQuAD
Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction." He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th centur...
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181821d8ea974603819cfe2508d99f7e
Who said Tibet wasn't an integral part of of China?
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{ "text": [ "Chinese writers of the early 20th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 320 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "Chinese writers of the early 20th century" ]
SQuAD
Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction." He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th centur...
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a566924a369a4de8a8e34accb0bd7ab2
What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "China's intervening Ming dynasty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 707 ], "end": [ 738 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 138 ] } ] }
[ "China's intervening Ming dynasty" ]
SQuAD
Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction." He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th centur...
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d5879f797bca49a7ad320671df490d9c
Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China?
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[ "the 13th century" ]
SQuAD
Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction." He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th centur...
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fb8c31f00837422db63e95447ab9cd3b
When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion?
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{ "text": [ "the 18th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 421 ], "end": [ 436 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "the 18th century" ]
SQuAD
Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
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5e4d4a181da3430eb02a2e93c720ba49
In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?
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{ "text": [ "data storage" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "data storage" ]
SQuAD
Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
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54e443332cb54171ae38b1c4c617d41f
What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?
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{ "text": [ "2 GB" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 131 ], "end": [ 134 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "2 GB" ]
SQuAD
Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
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b88035d6a3e84c908cf0392e9da158f1
What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?
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{ "text": [ "128 GB" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 165 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "128 GB" ]
SQuAD
Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
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ca3839cbe4344f1f9a7b425def1e4964
Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity?
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{ "text": [ "iPod Shuffle" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 144 ], "end": [ 155 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "iPod Shuffle" ]
SQuAD
Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
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e21f6346737f41779b922aa22664ff8e
Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity?
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{ "text": [ "iPod Touch" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 175 ], "end": [ 184 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "iPod Touch" ]
SQuAD
Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
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2d7e744c72094beeb6a599026783fa90
What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?
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{ "text": [ "2 GB" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 131 ], "end": [ 134 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "2 GB" ]
SQuAD
Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
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d52e89a87c474b41ae3710cc655dab9f
What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?
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[ "128 GB" ]
SQuAD
During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court a...
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a718441d381e46da8570aad39b7f7562
When did the Jiajing Emperor reign?
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{ "text": [ "1521–1567" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "1521–1567" ]
SQuAD
During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court a...
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112597f6f248458ca46dd27c625a6336
What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court?
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{ "text": [ "the native Chinese ideology of Daoism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "the native Chinese ideology of Daoism" ]
SQuAD
During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court a...
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412ca31249514f16b0e5feb446eeb2f3
Who stopped their trips to Ming China?
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{ "text": [ "the Tibetan lamas" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 248 ], "end": [ 264 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "the Tibetan lamas" ]
SQuAD
During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court a...
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dabc5f925fea447cb8d15542dc1ae481
Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "was", "the", "Grand", "Secretary", "under", "Jiajing", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 28, 34, 41 ] }
{ "text": [ "Yang Tinghe" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 350 ], "end": [ 360 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "Yang Tinghe" ]
SQuAD
During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court a...
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39552926811e4088a42a95aaff3a6623
Who broke the eunuch influence at court?
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{ "text": [ "Yang Tinghe" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 350 ], "end": [ 360 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "Yang Tinghe" ]
SQuAD
Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch...
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fc649c58d7af44c284f6231344171141
Who's presence increased in Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "the Mongols" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 291 ], "end": [ 301 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "the Mongols" ]
SQuAD
Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch...
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4ad989113c264755a12bf962970a1a39
What were the Mongols trying to reclaim?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "were", "the", "Mongols", "trying", "to", "reclaim", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 22, 29, 32, 39 ] }
{ "text": [ "their old vassal of Tibet" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 336 ], "end": [ 360 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "their old vassal of Tibet" ]
SQuAD
Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch...
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When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak?
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[ "1642" ]
SQuAD
Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch...
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Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "the Ming court" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 221 ], "end": [ 234 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "the Ming court" ]
SQuAD
Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north, could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up ...
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What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on?
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{ "text": [ "recovery of the Ordos region" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "recovery of the Ordos region" ]
SQuAD
Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north, could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up ...
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Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids?
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{ "text": [ "the Mongols" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 115 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "the Mongols" ]
SQuAD
Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north, could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up ...
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Where were the Mongols trying to raise?
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{ "text": [ "Ming China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 161 ], "end": [ 170 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Ming China" ]
SQuAD
Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north, could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up ...
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Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas?
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{ "text": [ "to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 957 ], "end": [ 1013 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 176 ], "end": [ 184 ] } ] }
[ "to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes" ]
SQuAD
The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa. Zhengde's top advisors ...
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When did the Zhengde Emperor rule?
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{ "text": [ "1505–1521" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "1505–1521" ]
SQuAD
The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa. Zhengde's top advisors ...
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Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy?
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{ "text": [ "the company of lamas" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "the company of lamas" ]
SQuAD
The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa. Zhengde's top advisors ...
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Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama?
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{ "text": [ "Mikyö Dorje" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 245 ], "end": [ 255 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "Mikyö Dorje" ]
SQuAD
Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.
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What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices?
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{ "text": [ "iTunes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "iTunes" ]
SQuAD
Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.
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Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes?
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{ "text": [ "Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 261 ], "end": [ 297 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows" ]
SQuAD
Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.
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What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices?
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{ "text": [ "iTunes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "iTunes" ]
SQuAD
The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation i...
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What audio deficiency was found in the 3rd gen iPods?
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{ "text": [ "weak bass response" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "weak bass response" ]
SQuAD
The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation i...
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What kind of headphones could partially mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?
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{ "text": [ "high-impedance" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 360 ], "end": [ 373 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "high-impedance" ]
SQuAD
The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation i...
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What is an example of a device that could entirely mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?
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{ "text": [ "external headphone amplifier" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 470 ], "end": [ 497 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ] }
[ "external headphone amplifier" ]
SQuAD
The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation i...
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What part of audio output was substandard on 3rd generation iPods?
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{ "text": [ "bass" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "bass" ]
SQuAD
The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation i...
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What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod?
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{ "text": [ "undersized DC-blocking capacitors" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "undersized DC-blocking capacitors" ]
SQuAD
P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lama...
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Who does P. Christiaan Klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate?
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{ "text": [ "the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 304 ], "end": [ 337 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans" ]
SQuAD
P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lama...
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Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries?
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{ "text": [ "the Republic of China and its Communist successors" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 534 ], "end": [ 583 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 93 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "the Republic of China and its Communist successors" ]
SQuAD
P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lama...
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Where does P. Christiaan Klieger work?
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{ "text": [ "the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco" ]
SQuAD
P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lama...
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Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?
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{ "text": [ "the Mongols" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 171 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "the Mongols" ]
SQuAD
P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lama...
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The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts?
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{ "text": [ "patron and priest relationship" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 197 ], "end": [ 226 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "patron and priest relationship" ]
SQuAD
Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La Count...
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Why did Yongle order the construction?
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{ "text": [ "to facilitate trade with Tibet" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 196 ], "end": [ 225 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "to facilitate trade with Tibet" ]
SQuAD
Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La Count...
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What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?
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{ "text": [ "tea, horses, and salt" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 230 ], "end": [ 250 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "tea, horses, and salt" ]
SQuAD
Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La Count...
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e7e2a589ca454fd2ad39d323afae0859
where did the trade route pass through?
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{ "text": [ "through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 276 ], "end": [ 330 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan" ]
SQuAD
The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface,...
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dc4fde3f5ef24a20bb1e865654d4f04d
Which iPod accessory was made by Apple but is no longer produced?
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{ "text": [ "iPod Hi-Fi" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 196 ], "end": [ 205 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "iPod Hi-Fi" ]
SQuAD
The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface,...
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f530cb5a350c4705980b7df5bbb9987a
What are two companies that make iPod accessories?
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{ "text": [ "Belkin and Griffin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 259 ], "end": [ 276 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "Belkin and Griffin" ]
SQuAD
The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface,...
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9f7acb2e08dc46298528a64e4dd92efe
What part of the iPod is needed to communicate with peripherals?
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{ "text": [ "dock connector" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "dock connector" ]
SQuAD
The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface,...
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4d89413fbd7548afb7c733bac8504eda
What is the condition for third parties using the dock connector?
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{ "text": [ "paying royalties" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 461 ], "end": [ 476 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ] }
[ "paying royalties" ]
SQuAD
The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface,...
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ca375222ffdd4059b7258d561cb53621
The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies?
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{ "text": [ "third parties" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 237 ], "end": [ 249 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "third parties" ]