_id stringlengths 5 10 | text stringlengths 0 2.9k | title stringlengths 0 2.44k |
|---|---|---|
390057_3 | hotter, and has three times as much combustible material, largely dead branches, vines and saplings. High Risk of Fire ''Six days without rain is enough for the combustible materials to be ready for burning,'' Dr. Uhl and his colleagues wrote in the August issue of Ciencia Hoje, the monthly publication of Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science. Ranchers and farmers here and in the rest of the Amazon routinely use fire to clear weeds and tree sprouts from pastures near logged forests. Similar conditions created a mammoth fire in Indonesia in 1982 and 1983 that burned 14,300 square miles of tropical rain forest, destroying an estimated $5.5 billion in hardwood. Studying rainfall patterns with a grant from the World Wildlife Fund, Dr. Uhl and his colleagues concluded, ''The data show that conditions already exist for fires of great size in eastern and southern Amazonia.'' Tropical forest damage during selective logging can be cut in half if loggers plan the trails used to gain access to the trees to minimize damage. But research here found that loggers have little economic interest in using costly and time-consuming techniques. The loggers do not own the land they forest, and they are under pressure to cut as much wood as quickly as possible. The dry season lasts six months. Faced with the end of government loans and tax credits, and the steady degradation of pasture, many ranchers are selling logging rights to their forest reserves in order to finance bulldozing, replanting and fertilizing of their pasture land. Given the emerging fire threat from reckless logging practices, Dr. Uhl said, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources should start a campaign to promote less wasteful logging techniques and then enforce them. After the Pasture Turning to another future development, Dr. Nepstad has studied the eastern Amazon's emerging ''post-pasture ecology.'' ''Most of the land originally cleared for pasture will not be used for pasture - it was only valuable with government subsidies,'' said Dr. Nepstad, a staff scientist with the Woods Hole Research Center of Massachusetts, which helps finance the research here. As much as 25 million acres of the Amazon was cleared for pasture in the last two decades. But lacking in soil nutrients, much of the land loses its utility for grazing cattle after four to eight years. In recent years, ranchers and small farmers have abandoned as much as 15 | Trying to Reclaim the Rain Forest |
389915_0 | LEAD: The Soviet coast guard boarded and seized a Greenpeace anti-nuclear protest ship today near the Arctic island of Novaya Zemlya after firing warning shots, the official press agency Tass said. The Soviet coast guard boarded and seized a Greenpeace anti-nuclear protest ship today near the Arctic island of Novaya Zemlya after firing warning shots, the official press agency Tass said. Tass said a coast guard vessel of the K.G.B. security police had seized the ship ''for deliberate violation of state borders of the U.S.S.R., failure to obey border authorities and landing people at prohibited places.'' ''The ship will soon be escorted to the Kola Gulf where an inquiry will take place,'' Tass said, citing the security police. | Soviet Coast Guard Seizes A Greenpeace Ship in Arctic |
396161_2 | of a certain age at dinner in one of the two dining rooms, La Louisiane restaurant, a damasky white place with prints of New Orleans. Handsome Mauritian waiters gently flourish napkins into our laps, making the often uninspired food seem more worthy than it really is of a first-class French ship. All the women are enthusiastic veterans of the Club Med of yesteryear, when there was simple, sexy living; sarongs, beads instead of money and singles in search of mates. These sharp-eyed G.M.'s relate nothing about mates, past or present, but put me in the picture. I learn that the owner, from whom Club Med charters the ship, is on board for its first cruise to the southern Caribbean; that the captain is "ravishing" and that the ship's doctor is a cardiologist of heartbreaking good looks. And that it's the hurricane season. Next morning, as we motor quietly into the harbor of Bequia, the first we've seen of the green, palmy Grenadine islands, I experience the panic I first felt at a Sunday School picnic on Gibson Island, Md.: too many things are happening at once and I am going to miss most of them. The stern opens to become the Hall Nautique, with sporty G.O.'s launching a host of boats, helping G.M.'s into life jackets (obligatoire, helas), diving for ropes and so on. Monika, a small Brazilian G.O. built like an Olympic swimmer, tells me, amid the clatter and splashing, that it's too choppy for a beginning lesson in wind surfing and too late to sign up for water-skiing, but she thinks I might manage a slippy little plastic sailboat called a Topper. I do, just barely. Meanwhile white landing crafts are unloading boatloads of snorkelers on a white Treasure Island beach, and orange tenders have been lowered from high up on E deck to ferry the plongeurs a la bouteille (scuba divers, with international certificates required) to a coral reef somewhere; I leave on one of several other tenders for the little island town, where under enormous almond trees genial women are selling T-shirts made in China and scrimshaw made in Bequia. As we leave Bequia in an embryo sunset, I'm in the stern on the top deck, where Astroturf is laid out for aerobics classes. Trivial Poursuite is going on loudly in French and English on the deck just below me; G.M.'s are pedaling away in the | Club Med at Sea: New Ship, Old Themes |
396066_0 | Alarmed by the deteriorating health of the planet, women from around the world have come together to demand a bigger role in all levels of decision-making on the environment and development. In a four-day session that ended Monday, 50 women met at the United Nations Church Center to establish a worldwide network for bringing their agenda into the environmental debate. Their immediate goal is equal representation at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Brazil in 1992. The international committee includes leading environmentalists like Vandana Shiva of India; Wangari Maathai of Kenya, a grass-roots organizer; Dr. Rosalie Bertell of Canada, an environmental health specialist, and radical environmentalists like Claire Greensfelder of the Earth Island Institute in California. Women have been "invisible in policy-making on environmental and development issues," said Bella Abzug, a founder of the Women's Foreign Policy Council, the meeting's sponsor. The participants put together a plan to mobilize their local constituencies and lay the groundwork for their own congress in Miami in November 1991, the Brazil conference in 1992 and other efforts over the next decade. 'A Real Learning Process' Although they came from diverse cultures in Latin America, Africa, Asia, Europe and North America, the women had little difficulty in reaching a general consensus on their basic goals, principles and plan of action. They differed mainly in style, with some of the more radical campaigners fiercely attacking governments viewed as anti-environmentalist. Libby Bassett, an American environmental consultant, said the congress did not become a regional debate or a struggle between the first world and the third. She described it as "a real learning process in which we worked out an alternative way of planning the planet." The plan of action sets these main goals: *Full participation by women in environment policy at all levels. *Freedom of choice in family planning. *Redefinition of development on the principle that investment must not destroy the environment. *Increased education and information on the environment and development. *Protection of natural systems. *Development of a code of earth ethics. The conference took health as its central theme, inspired by the work of Dr. Bertell, who heads the International Institute of Concern for Public Health, based in Toronto. For the last 12 years, Dr. Bertell has helped organize communities and individuals whose health is threatened by industrial and military pollution. "Everybody agrees that the environment is sick -- the Earth and air, | Women's Group Seeks Environmental Role |
396014_0 | International 3-19 A new initiative toward peace and a settlement of the Persian Gulf crisis is being undertaken by the Soviet Union. A ranking Soviet official went to Baghdad at the invitation of President Saddam Hussein. Page 1 Iraq's plan to ration gasoline was a maneuver to persuade Baghdad's enemies to postpone any attack on Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait, several oil industry officials and military affairs experts said. 10 Gorbachev hints Iraq may be reconsidering its position 10 U.S. says it sent no signals to expel Lebanese general 12 The epidemic of AIDS in Africa is raising new questions about women's roles and rights before the law and in their families. Social workers say the disease has in many ways had a disproportionate impact on Africa's already disadvantaged women. 16 Liberia guerrillas refuse to sign accord at talks 17 Ivory Coast faces first free elections today 18 Four nations to send truce force to Rwanda 11 Hundreds of dead and dying dolphins are washing ashore in Spain, Franceand Italy, victims of a virus that some scientists believe is linked to the heavy pollution of the western Mediterranean. 3 Vatican synod reaffirms celibacy for priests 19 Rise in cost of gasoline sets off protests in Hungary 14 Soviet woman fights for a home for those labeled defective 14 Soviet coal miners set up independent union 14 Secret-police scandals outlive East Germany 14 Women's group seeks environmental role 16 Delay in trial of war crimes suspect has French astir 16 A U.S. Special Service officer in El Salvador has told the F.B.I. he knew in advance of plans to kill six Jesuit priests, although he has since retracted that testimony. 9 Peru's leader proposes a market to fight coca 12 After six years, Labor is voted out in New Zealand 18 Bhutto looks to provincial elections 5 Beijing condemns pornography as subversive 6 National 22-32 Congress approved the budget bill, the biggest deficit reduction legislation in history, and prepared to adjourn, just 10 days before the mid-term election. President Bush is expected to sign the measure. 1 The new deficit reduction bill will touch almost everyone in the nation, from children to the elderly as well as farmers, bankers, college students, war veterans and foreign tourists. 1 Most incumbents will be re-elected in the Nov. 6 balloting across the nation, despite all the signs of anger among voters. They will win either | No Headline |
395985_0 | Roman Catholic bishops from around the world ended a monthlong synod today, calling for better-trained priests but firmly ruling out any change in a celibacy rule that has hindered the recruitment of clergymen in the United States and elsewhere. In a closing speech to the assembly, Pope John Paul II assured the bishops that he was not about to alter his insistence on celibacy or his basic opposition to married priests. Some speakers at the gathering had suggested that to help overcome a shortage of clergymen in some dioceses, the church should consider ordaining "viri probati," married men judged to be spiritually mature. Indeed, midway through the synod, a Brazilian cardinal disclosed that the Pope himself had allowed two married Brazilian men to become priests on the condition that they abstained from sexual relations with their wives. But without any reference to these exceptions, the Pope insisted in strong language that his position had not changed. The matter of "viri probati," he said, speaking in Latin, "is too often evoked in the framework of systematic, hostile propaganda against priestly celibacy." He did not identify who wasresponsible for such propaganda but added that it "finds support and complicity from some mass media." The recommendations that the 238 bishops at the synod sent to John Paul reflected general agreement that priests must be more carefuly selected and educated to overcome the isolation, overwork and low morale that many of them are said to suffer. These and other problems have contributed to a shortage of Catholic clergymen in many countries, although the Vatican says the recruitment crisis is behind it. Worldwide in the last 13 years, there has been a 50 percent rise in the number of seminary students.Even so, the 401,930 priests registered by the Holy See in 1988 represented a decline of 31,000 from the early 1970's, and in the United States the number of new seminarians continues to drop. The synod, whose formal theme was "The Formation of Priests in Circumstances of the Present Day," serves as an advisory body to the Pope, who eventually will issue a formal response. The assembly was the 11th of its kind held under reforms set into motion by the Second Vatican Council of the 1960's. For the first time, it included representatives from formerly Communist countries in Eastern Europe, where the church had endured decades of repression. In effect, the bishops acknowledged that | Vatican Synod Reaffirms Celibacy for Priests |
396103_3 | fraction of the total supply, which analysts estimated to be 2 billion gallons annually. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 800 million gallons annually are recycled by numerous small companies, some for re-refining and some for blending into fuel oil. "Our biggest challenge in this business will be to get the big oil companies to realize that it's in their interest for used oil to be handled in an environmentally sound way and to get them into the circle," said Joseph Chaloub, the Safety-Kleen vice president who manages the oil recovery business from Breslau. Safety-Kleen also needs to close the gap between the 17 cents a gallon it costs to collect used oil and the 12 cents it is currently able to charge businesses for picking it up. The company expects the E.P.A. eventually to issue regulations classifying waste oil as a hazardous waste and creating penalties for improper disposal. Then Safety-Kleen figures there would be fewer disposal options, giving it the leverage to raise pickup prices to between 20 and 25 cents a gallon. But the E.P.A. has been reluctant to regulate waste oil, in part because much of the oil thrown out is disposed of by individual car owners who would be outside the reach of any regulations it is authorized to adopt. The agency fears that such regulations could backfire -- if service stations charged car owners more for oil changes to cover rising disposal costs, more people might dispose of the oil in the nearest drain. Safety-Kleen owes its name to a device for cleaning auto parts invented in Milwaukee in the early 1950's. It was little more than a sink mounted over a barrel filled with solvent and equipped with a pump to shoot the solvent into the sink. A filter below the sink trapped most waste, allowing the solvent to be used many times. After first trying to sell the devices, Safety-Kleen's initial owners decided to lease them and charge users for servicing. Several hundred units had been placed in auto shops when Mr. Brinckman, then an executive for Chicago Rawhide Inc., came calling in 1968, looking for companies to acquire that fit in with Rawhide's plans to sell its seals and other parts to the auto parts replacement market. MR. BRINCKMAN persuaded Rawhide to buy Safety-Kleen, for $25,000 in cash and $120,000 in assumed debt, describing it as "a Geiger counter for finding | Turning Used Oil Into Gold |
395990_2 | are estimated to number 1.5 million. That cause, as much as free-market changes, will define the nation's progress beyond Communism, say the new social activists. Pressure groups for helping the retarded are slowly forming in a few areas, like Georgia. But Mrs. Belous is the first to come forward in Moscow with a plea, rooted in her experience as a social worker, to offer them the challenge of real life, even jobs at a neighborhood bakery that the state refuses to let them take. "I know the system," she said. "To let my three children go means three fewer measurements of 'bed-day occupancy' and less money in the welfare budget." 'Auxiliary Schools' "There is no rest in the state home," said 16-year-old Aleksandr, speaking simply, yet within this nation's grand tradition of dissidence. "They are always trying to punish us." "My young gentlemen," Mrs. Belous said of the weekend gathering, saying there were hundreds of thousands like them, young people suffering impaired development more as the result of bad diagnosis and human neglect than of congenital flaws. "They were orphans from birth," she said. "Either the parents rejected them or they were just abandoned. Many of them were misdiagnosed. There was nobody to see to their development, to show them simple human things, and so they did not develop well." While the state theoretically is to set them up as people with jobs and apartments once they reach the age of 16 and can leave the orphanages, that does not happen, she said. They are pensioned off as "invalids" and kept for life in "auxiliary schools." Conflict and Psychotropic Drugs "I planned this for a long time," she said. "To create something human for them. They were doomed to spend their days in these psychiatric-neurological boarding schools until death, with no right to study or work at life, all their conflicts 'settled' by psychotropic drugs." "Once they were in my home, their learning reflexes opened up," she continued, "basic things like mastering the knife and fork." At table on a recent weekend, the boys were a study in politeness and pride in playing host to a guest. "We struggled, and the boys saw themselves develop," Mrs. Belous said, pointing to how well groomed the three are now, how eager they are to do all the weekend shopping, to repair plumbing and wiring, and to sagely keep track of the ruble | Soviet Woman Fights for a Home for Those Labeled Retarded |
390223_2 | the fruit pulp and juice even more. Botrytis does its work grape by grape. At Yquem and a few other vineyards where money is no object, the pickers return to the vines day after day as late summer drifts into fall, picking only single grapes touched by the mold. Quantities are minuscule and the amount of wine made each year is measured in dozens of barrels. Some of the finest late-harvest wines are made in Germany. There the quality of the wines is determined by how the grapes are picked. The very best is trockenbeerenauslese, which means the grapes were individually picked. Beerenauslese means the grapes were hand picked in clusters affected by the mold. Since most American late-harvest wines are made from riesling grapes, the wineries tend to follow the German grading system. Since United States labeling regulations forbid the use of the German words, the labels spell out just how the grapes were gathered. Alcohol in late-harvest wines is lower than normal because the wine makers stop fermentation to preserve as much as possible of the natural sugar. A great trockenbeerenauslese may have only 6 or 7 percent alcohol and contain as much as 30 percent unfermented sugar. More important, it had sufficient acid to balance the intense sweetness. Fresh fruit is delicious to the extent that the sugar and acid it contains is perfectly balanced. Wine is no different, as this particular bottle indicated so well. No one seems to know how long late-harvest wines have been made in this country, but few appeared commercially until the 1960's. One of the first I can recall was produced by Konstantin Frank, the iconoclastic Russian immigrant who championed European-style vinifera grapes in New York's Finger Lakes region. Dr. Frank's wine was superb, but it appeared so infrequently and in such small quantities that it only barely qualifies as a commercial release. Wente Brothers, in Livermore, Calif., produced a late-harvest riesling in the late 1960's. They still do. Freemark Abbey, in the Napa Valley, followed thereafter with their well-known Edelwein. The Edelwein is still produced when conditions permit and it remains one of the best American late-harvest wines. In the 1970's and 1980's, late-harvest wines proliferated in California, some excellent, some simply sweet and dull. Californians experimented with all kinds of grapes. Late-harvest wines were made from chenin blanc, French colombard, sauvignon blanc, semillon, chardonnay, gewurztraminer and even that ubiquitous | Wine Talk |
391714_7 | almost every pre-industrial culture, from ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, projected in its myths and poetry an image of an ideal man as a forceful, spontaneous, primal being. ''What I'm proposing,'' Bly once said, ''is that every modern male has, lying at the bottom of his psyche, a large, primitive man covered with hair down to his feet. Making contact with this wildman is the step the 70's man has not yet taken: this is the process that still hasn't taken place in contemporary culture.'' The men's movement says it's not a reactionary response to feminism. Rather, it sees itself as a parallel development. While feminism has often dealt with politics and the outward conditions of women's lives, the men's movement is about internal issues, about men's psyches. At the Wildman Gathering I figured I'd hear a lot of grousing about wives and mothers, but in two full days women were hardly mentioned. Men were too busy talking about themselves. Bly, 63 years old, is a white-haired paterfamilias whom many in the men's movement regard as a guru. They buy his audio tapes and his volumes of poetry, and invariably, whether they've met him or not, refer to him as ''Robert.'' At one point in our weekend someone mentioned that Bly was lecturing in Portland, Ore., at that very moment, whereupon John Lee encouraged everyone to shout over the tops of the trees, ''Hello, Robert!'' A stirring storyteller and poetry reader, Bly has spread his message in weeklong workshops and weekend lectures that draw huge crowds (and earn him up to $20,000 a pop). One event in San Francisco in May attracted 700 men, plus a waiting list of 700. Bly bars TV cameras from these gatherings and has been known to tell members of the audience not to take photographs or make recordings. The reason, a participant says, is that these are intrusions into the ''ritual space'' of the gatherings. A major theme of Bly's is that men feel a great sense of grief and loss, often unacknowledged. On the subject of what, specifically, men have to grieve over, Bly can be vague. ''It's as if grief is impersonal with men,'' he told Bill Moyers. ''It's always present. You don't know if it's about the absence from their father, or it may be about all of the animals that we were in touch with all the millions of | Call of the Wildmen |
391463_1 | England's state church, will have a majority in favor of ordaining women. Preliminary soundings by British newspapers predict that it will, but the die seemed cast last summer when Queen Elizabeth II named a firm advocate of women's ordination, Dr. George Carey, formerly Bishop of Bath and Wells, as the new Archbishop of Canterbury. The Church of England, the established state religion in England, has been in decline for years, attracting only about 1.1 million people to weekly services and being frequently criticized for its alleged irrelevance to 20th-century British life - with the traditionalist wing led by Dr. Leonard often taking the brunt of the criticism. Dr. Leonard said he did not share the view of many reformers that ordaining women would make the Church of England more relevant or broaden its appeal. ''There is very considerable disquiet on the matter,'' he said, ''because it is seen as involving some very fundamental theological issues.'' ''For example,'' he said, ''one of the arguments for the ordination of women is that you need both men and women to represent humanity and even, I've heard it said, to represent God. But if that be true, what are you actually saying about the Incarnation? If God was only incarnate as a male, are you saying the Incarnation was inadequate?'' Far from being closed to argument on the subject, Bishop Leonard insists, he is open to good arguments. It's just that he hasn't heard any yet, he says. ''I don't think one can assume that, even if it goes through, there will not be a very considerable element of disquiet,'' he said. ''I know some people would say that everybody who can't accept it ought to resign. Those of us who can't would maintain that we are the ones in fact who are maintaining the traditional faith of the Church of England.'' What would happen, he surmised, would be a resistance movement. In the United States, prominent traditionalist bishops and others who do not recognize the decision of the Episcopal Church to ordain women as priests and bishops have created an Episcopal Synod of America to ''stand firm,'' as the Bishop put it. As for himself, when he goes to the United States, he said, he doesn't feel in communion with bishops who support the ordination of women or perform such ordinations. ''I will talk at a meeting or something like that, but I | English Cleric Braces for Women's Ordination |
391464_1 | England's state church, will have a majority in favor of ordaining women. Preliminary soundings by British newspapers predict that it will, but the die seemed cast last summer when Queen Elizabeth II named a firm advocate of women's ordination, Dr. George Carey, formerly Bishop of Bath and Wells, as the new Archbishop of Canterbury. The Church of England, the established state religion in England, has been in decline for years, attracting only about 1.1 million people to weekly services and being frequently criticized for its alleged irrelevance to 20th-century British life - with the traditionalist wing led by Dr. Leonard often taking the brunt of the criticism. Dr. Leonard said he did not share the view of many reformers that ordaining women would make the Church of England more relevant or broaden its appeal. ''There is very considerable disquiet on the matter,'' he said, ''because it is seen as involving some very fundamental theological issues.'' ''For example,'' he said, ''one of the arguments for the ordination of women is that you need both men and women to represent humanity and even, I've heard it said, to represent God. But if that be true, what are you actually saying about the Incarnation? If God was only incarnate as a male, are you saying the Incarnation was inadequate?'' Far from being closed to argument on the subject, Bishop Leonard insists, he is open to good arguments. It's just that he hasn't heard any yet, he says. ''I don't think one can assume that, even if it goes through, there will not be a very considerable element of disquiet,'' he said. ''I know some people would say that everybody who can't accept it ought to resign. Those of us who can't would maintain that we are the ones in fact who are maintaining the traditional faith of the Church of England.'' What would happen, he surmised, would be a resistance movement. In the United States, prominent traditionalist bishops and others who do not recognize the decision of the Episcopal Church to ordain women as priests and bishops have created an Episcopal Synod of America to ''stand firm,'' as the Bishop put it. As for himself, when he goes to the United States, he said, he doesn't feel in communion with bishops who support the ordination of women or perform such ordinations. ''I will talk at a meeting or something like that, but I | English Cleric Braces for Women's Ordination |
391763_0 | LEAD: The cooperative apartment building at the northeast corner of Madison Avenue and 90th Street, a Beaux-Arts beauty, is remarkably well preserved for its 89 years. Recently, though, slates started slipping from its mansard roof, creating a hazard as well as spoiling its ornate appearance. The cooperative apartment building at the northeast corner of Madison Avenue and 90th Street, a Beaux-Arts beauty, is remarkably well preserved for its 89 years. Recently, though, slates started slipping from its mansard roof, creating a hazard as well as spoiling its ornate appearance. Designed by the architectural firm of Buchman & Fox for Gilbert Brown, a real estate developer, the 1901 building was among the earliest luxury apartment houses to go up in the Carnegie Hill neighborhood. It was given landmark status by the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1974. Kenneth Ross, an architect, who with Castle Restoration, Inc., a contracting company, is restoring the roof, recommended replacing, rather than repairing, the slates. When the old pieces were pried off, workmen discovered a layer of terra cotta rather than the wooden base the architect had expected. Holes left by the nails used to fasten the original slates made the terra cotta too fragile to be the base for the new ones. ''Finding a way of putting on the new slate,'' said Mr. Ross, ''was an exercise in improvisation.'' A new base of two layers of plywood, which had to be dampened and then bent to conform to the roof's curve, was toggle bolted to the terra cotta. The new slates were was then nailed to the plywood through two layers of roofing paper. Work on the roof, which should be finished next month, will also include repair of its copper cresting. | Postings: Slipping Slates; Mansard Problem |
391764_0 | LEAD: The cooperative apartment building at the northeast corner of Madison Avenue and 90th Street, a Beaux-Arts beauty, is remarkably well preserved for its 89 years. Recently, though, slates started slipping from its mansard roof, creating a hazard as well as spoiling its ornate appearance. The cooperative apartment building at the northeast corner of Madison Avenue and 90th Street, a Beaux-Arts beauty, is remarkably well preserved for its 89 years. Recently, though, slates started slipping from its mansard roof, creating a hazard as well as spoiling its ornate appearance. Designed by the architectural firm of Buchman & Fox for Gilbert Brown, a real estate developer, the 1901 building was among the earliest luxury apartment houses to go up in the Carnegie Hill neighborhood. It was given landmark status by the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1974. Kenneth Ross, an architect, who with Castle Restoration, Inc., a contracting company, is restoring the roof, recommended replacing, rather than repairing, the slates. When the old pieces were pried off, workmen discovered a layer of terra cotta rather than the wooden base the architect had expected. Holes left by the nails used to fasten the original slates made the terra cotta too fragile to be the base for the new ones. ''Finding a way of putting on the new slate,'' said Mr. Ross, ''was an exercise in improvisation.'' A new base of two layers of plywood, which had to be dampened and then bent to conform to the roof's curve, was toggle bolted to the terra cotta. The new slates were was then nailed to the plywood through two layers of roofing paper. Work on the roof, which should be finished next month, will also include repair of its copper cresting. | Postings: Slipping Slates; Mansard Problem |
391715_7 | almost every pre-industrial culture, from ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, projected in its myths and poetry an image of an ideal man as a forceful, spontaneous, primal being. ''What I'm proposing,'' Bly once said, ''is that every modern male has, lying at the bottom of his psyche, a large, primitive man covered with hair down to his feet. Making contact with this wildman is the step the 70's man has not yet taken: this is the process that still hasn't taken place in contemporary culture.'' The men's movement says it's not a reactionary response to feminism. Rather, it sees itself as a parallel development. While feminism has often dealt with politics and the outward conditions of women's lives, the men's movement is about internal issues, about men's psyches. At the Wildman Gathering I figured I'd hear a lot of grousing about wives and mothers, but in two full days women were hardly mentioned. Men were too busy talking about themselves. Bly, 63 years old, is a white-haired paterfamilias whom many in the men's movement regard as a guru. They buy his audio tapes and his volumes of poetry, and invariably, whether they've met him or not, refer to him as ''Robert.'' At one point in our weekend someone mentioned that Bly was lecturing in Portland, Ore., at that very moment, whereupon John Lee encouraged everyone to shout over the tops of the trees, ''Hello, Robert!'' A stirring storyteller and poetry reader, Bly has spread his message in weeklong workshops and weekend lectures that draw huge crowds (and earn him up to $20,000 a pop). One event in San Francisco in May attracted 700 men, plus a waiting list of 700. Bly bars TV cameras from these gatherings and has been known to tell members of the audience not to take photographs or make recordings. The reason, a participant says, is that these are intrusions into the ''ritual space'' of the gatherings. A major theme of Bly's is that men feel a great sense of grief and loss, often unacknowledged. On the subject of what, specifically, men have to grieve over, Bly can be vague. ''It's as if grief is impersonal with men,'' he told Bill Moyers. ''It's always present. You don't know if it's about the absence from their father, or it may be about all of the animals that we were in touch with all the millions of | Call of the Wildmen |
395647_4 | has sued travel agencies to recover lost revenue. And earlier this month the airline changed its prices to San Antonio, effectively closing the loophole that Mr. Gelfuso and others were flying through. American has also developed a computer program that enables it to spot people using hidden-city fares, albeit not until days after the flight. The computer checks ticket stubs collected during boarding at each leg of the trip to determine whether a passenger actually flew the entire route. Another way an airline can spot a hidden-city ticket is when a passenger tries to check luggage to an intermediate point rather than the final destination. Many passengers have used tips to persuade curbside porters to check their luggage to the hidden-city destination. But passengers report that the airlines are growing wise to the practice and are instructing porters to flag these travelers. United Airlines has reportedly developed a computer program similar to American's, but a spokeswoman for the airline declined to comment. Indeed, many airlines are hesitant to discuss the subject, for fear it will encourage the practice. Backdating Tracked Northwest Airlines did say that it has developed an accounting system enabling it to track travel agents who backdate tickets to secure discounts requiring advance purchases. The system compares the date on the ticket with the date on which the reservation was made in the computer. Meanwhile, foreign airlines are clamping down on the variation of the hidden-city tactic in which passengers take advantage of currency exchange rates. British Airways has been especially aggressive in this area. On most flights, it has eliminated such loopholes simply by raising its fares from Canada. The airline has also trained its gate agents to spot such tickets by checking whether passengers actually flew the first leg of their itinerary and will deny boarding to passengers using them. In some cases, it has repealed a travel agent's license to sell its tickets. "It's not an ethical way of doing business," said Sandy Gardiner, a British Airways spokesman. Reservations Canceled But an airline's most potent weapon is to cancel a passenger's reservation or deny the traveler access to his or her luggage. Thomas Carter, a medical researcher flying from Washington to Cleveland earlier this month on Delta Air Lines, wanted to get off in Cincinnati. But when he asked that his bags be taken off the plane in that city, he was told by Delta | Airlines Curbing Passengers Who Skirt Rules to Cut Fare |
389321_0 | LEAD: The market's doldrums here have been called everything from a transition to a pause or a correction. Last week, however, even the normally insouciant Japanese Finance Minister expressed alarm at what is, by any measure, a vicious bear market that is not just savaging share prices but is threatening the financial system and altering the views some hold of the Tokyo market. The market's doldrums here have been called everything from a transition to a pause or a correction. Last week, however, even the normally insouciant Japanese Finance Minister expressed alarm at what is, by any measure, a vicious bear market that is not just savaging share prices but is threatening the financial system and altering the views some hold of the Tokyo market. The focus for the week was the Tokyo Stock Exchange's wild 13.24 percent surge on Tuesday, its largest one-day gain. It was, however, cause for only momentary glee. First of all, the explosive rally only restored the losses the market had suffered the previous week, when it had been hurt by higher interest rates and uncertainty in the Persian Gulf. And the rally was short-lived: The Nikkei index closed Friday at 22,827.65, near where it ended Tuesday. That represented a decline of 16,087 points, or 41.3 percent, from the beginning of the year. More important, the sudden one-way flow of buy orders on Tuesday produced an exaggerated effect, analysts said, because nearly half of the stocks could not trade and the stock-index futures market could not open. Given the sudden cries of worry by Ryutaro Hashimoto, the Finance Minister, the previous day, the rally led to many quiet suspicions of manipulation, or at least a deliberate, laser-like concentration of buy orders on a day when the market was particularly vulnerable to manipulation. ''When conditions are right, a small group here can have a very large impact on the market, as we saw on Tuesday,'' said Liam Newberg, an analyst at Merrill Lynch Japan. ''People had always said the Japanese market was peculiar, and now people say this is more proof.'' ''A little manipulation keeps everybody happy,'' said Paul Summerville, the economist here for Jardine Fleming Securities. ''They wanted to restore confidence, and you can't blame them.'' The market's lack of follow-up seemed to confirm skepticism about the doubtful origins of the rally. It also brought attention back to the problems that have been created by | World Markets; The Tokyo Market's Strange Rally |
389370_3 | in junior high because he was in the wrong environment.'' That summer, she took the boy to Schneider Children's Hospital for a complete evaluation. ''And $825 later they said something was wrong, but they were not sure what,'' Ann recalled. Because Joseph-Paul was classified as learning disabled, he had been receiving special in-school services like individualized teaching and extra help in the resource room since the fourth grade. Now, he is a junior in high school and is planning to attend to college. ''If he hadn't been in a school district that classified him and gave him the help he needed, I don't know what would have happened to him,'' his mother said. The state loosely defines learning disabilities, and each school district uses its own criteria. Often districts evaluate a child performing below grade level on standardized tests and in classroom work, if the student tests below a certain I.Q. or if there is persistent parental concern. ''It is comparable to someone who is tone deaf,'' the chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at Schneider, Dr. Esther Wender, said. ''He would only be 'singing disabled' if he were placed in a chorus or a choir. Increase in Testing ''LD is not a scientific entity,'' Feniger said. ''It's more of an art form. ''Services are paramount. When evaluating learning disabilities, there is a black, white and gray area. If the student falls into the gray area and if the committee feels the student will benefit from receiving services, we classify the student and offer the services.'' Testing for learning disabilities, both in and out of school, is on the rise on Long Island, and school systems are adding services for the learning disabled. Requests at High-School Level Although Suffolk County has a higher incidence of learning-disabled children, more testing is conducted in Nassau County, said Susan Edwards, director of community affairs for the Long Island Association for Children With Learning Disabilities. She cited a difference in socioeconmic levels. Dr. Feniger said requests for testing climbed at the high-school level, when parents and students begin looking to college. ''Each year we are seeing about 10 to 15 families who want their child classified, so he can take an untimed S.A.T.,'' Dr. Feniger said. ''We say, 'Well he hasn't been classified all through school.' Now they're not even asking for services. The ironic part is they just want the classification.'' Advent of | The Learning Disabled: Challenge to Identify |
389672_0 | LEAD: Since 1986, Yves Boiret, the Inspector General of French Historical Monuments, has been directing the restoration of the great Cathedral Notre Dame de Reims. Though the general structure is, as 700-year-old edifices go, fundamentally stable, old age, weather and pollution have combined to ravage many of the nearly 500 sculptures - ranging from 15-foot representations of kings to small stone faces - that adorn the exterior. Since 1986, Yves Boiret, the Inspector General of French Historical Monuments, has been directing the restoration of the great Cathedral Notre Dame de Reims. Though the general structure is, as 700-year-old edifices go, fundamentally stable, old age, weather and pollution have combined to ravage many of the nearly 500 sculptures - ranging from 15-foot representations of kings to small stone faces - that adorn the exterior. Spot surgery is being performed where possible - fissures patched to keep water from further damaging the interior of the stone - but many of the sculptures have proven unsavable and must be replaced. As many as 100 of these have been stored, for what appears a rather melancholy eternity, in a nearby warehouse (shown above left), while sculptors, working from photographs and historical documents, replicate them (lower right). Boiret's poetic phrase for the affliction he's been addressing is ''illness of the skin,'' which might as easily be applied to the Cathedral Notre Dame de Chartres, another Gothic masterpiece whose magnificent stained-glass windows are having seven centuries of grime removed. A few of the windows are cracked, but it is remarkable that overall, they are not worse off. According to Marie Claude Parisis, a spokeswoman for Guy Nicot, the architect in charge of the restoration, the main problem is that the windows had simply become so filthy that one could no longer discern the scenes they depicted. Nineteen of the Chartres cathedral's 176 windows have been cleaned and restored; 3 (a detail from one is above right) have been removed and are now in the care of le maitre vitrier, the master window maker. They will be back in their original positions by Christmas, with a shield of exterior glass against pigeons and stone throwers. | Works in Progress; Back to Their Sunday Best |
389257_2 | O'Brian has a vast knowledge of the subject, and he does his best to bring the period to life. But, alas, he does not have Forester's flair. His Capt. Jack Aubrey has none of Hornblower's complexity and charm. And Mr. O'Brian's writing is rather long-winded, even turgid. He is also easily beguiled into side issues. In the days of the Napoleonic Wars (and before, for that matter), a letter of marque gave private vessels the authority to attack Britain's enemies. The ship commanded by Aubrey is therefore a privateer. We get a great deal about Aubrey's problems. He has been taken off the list of post captains after a court-martial, though innocent of the charges leveled against him. A successful action with his ship will do a great deal to relieve his situation. He does pull off a brilliant coup, and it's a shame that it's hard to grow interested in so colorless a figure. In CRACKDOWN by Bernard Cornwell (HarperCollins, $18.95), a charter skipper in the Caribbean encounters a derelict boat riddled with bullet holes. He reports it to the Bahamian police and is suddenly a marked man. He also has to take two children of a United States senator on an extended cruise. Both are drug addicts, and the plan is to get them detoxified. The skipper finds himself in the middle of a drug operation and just squeezes through with his life. The ending, though not very believable - such heroics! - is wild. This one you'll have trouble putting down. Though more a procedural than a sea story, SAND AGAINST THE TIDE by Paul Bishop (Tom Doherty/Tor, $17.95) starts on the waters off Los Angeles, and that is also where the final showdown takes place. Calico Jack Walker, a tough, honest cop in the Los Angeles Police Department, owns a charter boat, is hired by a pair of obvious city types and gets into a gun battle in which his son, who crews for him, is injured. So revenge is one aspect of the plot. The other involves putting the finger on a police captain and some bent cops who are up to their ears in the drug trade. Walker recruits his own little army within the police department and works out a nifty scam. It's all a little contrived, but Mr. Bishop is a first-class writer and he has whipped up a lively, bloody adventure. | SPIES & THRILLERS |
389477_1 | the only country where the celibacy requirement weighs heavily, and Vatican officials acknowledge that it is an important reason for the recruitment crisis that they face in many parts of the world, especially industrialized societies. In the United States, the ranks of Catholic priests have been thinning steadily for years, and the number of new diocesan seminarians is about half what it was a decade ago. Joseph Cardinal Bernardin of Chicago, who supports the centuries-old rule, nonetheless told his fellow representatives at the synod that ''in today's society celibacy often appears unattractive and, indeed, unattainable.'' Sex-related matters are only one of the concerns facing the assembly, a gathering of 238 bishops from all over the world who convened last Sunday for four weeks of almost daily sessions. More broadly, they are concentrating on the spiritual and emotional preparation of Catholic clergymen at a time when they are considered to be in crisis, suffering from overwork, loneliness and, in the words of a senior Vatican official, general ''burnout.'' The synod is an advisory body to Pope John Paul II, who eventually will respond to the bishops' recommendations. But on certain fundamental matters, no amount of talking here will change anything. John Paul has made clear that during his papacy there will be no loosening of the celibacy requirement or of the prohibitions against women or married men as priests. In opening the assembly, the Pope's designated moderator, Lucas Cardinal Moreira Neves of Brazil, cautioned that there should be no debate on these subjects because, he said, time was short and the issues had been discussed in other forums. Even so, keeping such fundamental matters outside the synod door has proved to be impossible. Bishop Frederick Bernard Henry of London, Canada, talked of the need to improve the ''psycho-sexual development'' of seminarians, an appeal that he later said was partly inspired by recent charges that Canadian priests had sexually abused young boys. Bishop Lawrence A. Burke of Nassau, the Bahamas, questioned whether the priesthood must be limited to celibate men, saying the church in newly independent countries should not necessarily be ''tied to cultural vestiges typical of the European experience.'' And Albert Cardinal Decourtray of Lyon, France, suggested that women be given a wider role in the formation of priests, but stopped short of proposing women as priests themselves. Even church officials like Cardinal Bernardin who affirmed full support for the celibacy | Sex Asks Its Due at Vatican Synod on Priests |
389308_6 | music functioned as an auditory focal point: when they were listening to the music, it was difficult to think about the pain.'' Hanser says that it has become quite common for couples to bring music into the delivery room. ''It's natural, it makes sense,'' she says. ''You just need some guidelines and support.'' She recommends working with a music therapist, who may prepare up to 20 hours of tapes and show you how to integrate the music with the Lamaze breathing and guided imagery. (The National Association for Music Therapy in Washington can provide names of therapists in your area.) Hanser recently completed a study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, to see whether music therapy can help older adults who suffer from anxiety and depression. Many of the patients, who were all over 60, were also homebound and had physical ailments. Some of them received audio cassettes and intensive training during home visits from Hanser. Other patients were given written instructions along with the tapes; they spoke to Hanser on the phone once a week. A third group received no therapy. All of the patients were given standardized psychological tests at the beginning and end of the eight-week study. Hanser says the patients she visited at home experienced the greatest improvement in mood. Those who received written instructions and spoke to her by phone also improved, but not quite as much. The group that received no therapy showed no significant improvement. To Hanser, the fact that both groups of patients who received therapy improved is convincing evidence that it was the music, not the personal attention during her home visits, that had the greatest impact. How does music therapy work? Some researchers have found evidence that music stimulates the body to produce natural pain-killing substances called endorphins. Other experts say the answer lies in one theory about the functioning of the brain. This theory holds that in most people the left hemisphere of the brain is devoted mainly to analytical, rational functions like language and math, while the right hemisphere is responsible for creativity and imagination. When you turn on appropriate kinds of music, the theory goes, the right brain swings into action, producing positive, healing images that replace negative, anxiety-provoking thoughts. But Hanser says these theories are simplistic. ''We know music affects our brain waves, our physiology, our psyche,'' she says, ''but we still have relatively little | The Songs of Therapy |
389325_7 | anti-sense companies relish the endorsement the large companies' investments represent. And because medicinal chemistry - turning synthetic RNA compounds into usable drugs in this case - will play a great part in anti-sense, pharmaceutical manufacturers have much to offer the new companies in technical expertise as well as cash. Analysts say many of the typically secretive drug companies have quietly begun working on anti-sense themselves; those that haven't are watching the area closely. ''I think they have very significant potential,'' David W. Martin, the former research head of Genentech Inc. recently picked to lead research at a new pharmaceuticals joint venture between Merck & Company and the DuPont Company, said of anti-sense drugs. ''A pharmaceuticals company such as DuPont Merck certainly has to keep an eye on them.'' A TOMATO FOR THE AGES? Anti-sense drugs for human beings are at least five years from market, but pharmaceuticals are not the only potential application of this technology. Anti-sense may also provide new tools for diagnosis and for discovery of potential targets for conventional drugs. It is also showing great promise in agriculture. Indeed, Calgene Inc., a leading agricultural biotechnology company based in Davis, Calif., is expected to file for Food and Drug Administration approval of an anti-sense tomato by early 1991. The tomato has an added gene which is a mirror-image copy of the gene that normally controls ripening. The copy prevents the original gene from releasing the ripening enzyme, delaying spoilage and thus extending shelf life. Jim McCamant, the editor of the Agbiotech Stock Letter, a trade journal, predicts a rapid approval of the Calgene tomato. He notes that the inserted gene is not foreign; it is identical to one already in tomatoes, but it is inserted backward. Calgene has provided data on the process' safety, showing that other aspects of the tomato seem unaffected. The Food and Drug Administration is expected early next year to decide if genetically altered food requires pre-market approval. Mr. McCamant said he expects early products to receive intense scrutiny and to have to meet high standards of safety, but that reasonable standards will soon evolve. Correction: October 14, 1990, Sunday, Late Edition - Final A picture caption last Sunday with an article about anti-sense products misidentified a man in the Gilead Sciences Inc. laboratory in Foster City, Calif. He is Brian Froehler, a senior scientist with Gilead, not Michael Riordan, president of the company. | Venture Capital's Assault on The Genetic Code |
389299_9 | disease or anemia. Dr. Sidney Gottlieb at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine has found that exposure to levels of carbon monoxide commonly found in cities may cause measurable cardiac effects. Extended exposure to levels of carbon monoxide that are low enough to comply with the E.P.A. standard can interfere with visual perception, dexterity and the ability to learn and perform complex motor tasks. These levels of carbon monoxide can also cause men with heart disease to experience chest pains when they exercise vigorously, according to studies by Dr. David S. Sheps, a professor of medicine at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill. Another study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine last year, found that patients with atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, may be affected by low levels of carbon monoxide. Other than the six major ambient air pollutants, the Environmental Protection Agency lists only seven airborne toxins - arsenic, benzene, radionuclides, asbestos, beryllium, mercury and vinyl chloride - as hazardous. Emission standards have been set for only the last four chemicals on the list, yet they have all been shown to cause cancer or damage to the nervous system.Benzene, for example, a solvent with many applications, including petroleum refining and the manufacture of plastics, rubber, dyes and drugs, is known to cause leukemia. And the agency estimates that there are perhaps 300 other toxins in the air in addition to those listed under the Clean Air Act; some of them are known to cause cancer. Tetrachloroethylene, for example, a solvent used in dry cleaning, has been linked to liver cancer. Other health problems, such as skin cancer and cataracts, may be caused indirectly by the emission of chlorofluorocarbons, or CFC's, which are used primarily in making refrigerants. These chemicals break down in the stratosphere to release free chlorine, highly damaging to the protective ozone shield. Corporations and governments of the world are trying to work out a deadline by which CFC's can be phased out. SO WHAT PROGRESS HAS been made? There have indeed been some dramatic gains, largely because of the Clean Air Act, which required the use of unleaded gasoline and the installation of desulfurization devices on new coal-fired generating stations. Levels of four of the six airborne pollutants regulated by the act - lead, carbon monoxide, particulates and sulfur dioxide - are down significantly. Levels of two | On Ill Health and Air Pollution |
394026_2 | termites and fungus,'' Mr. Mestrinho continued. ''We should cut and replant with better species.'' One logging restriction adopted this year requires registration of all chain saws with the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Renewable Resources, known as Ibama. On the campaign trail, Mr. Mestrinho won whoops and hollers with bellowed promises to ''throw abusive Ibama agents in the clink.'' ''In Canada, Finland and the United States, people use chainsaws,'' he in Rio de Janeiro. ''Why do our people have to go back to axes?'' He also proposed that Brazil legalize a long-established practice in the Amazon, hunting for meat and for pelts. ''The world consumes 7 million alligator skins a year - that's $7 billion,'' he said. ''If the industrialized world is against it, why don't they prohibit the use of skins?'' In a rare point of common ground with ecologists, Mr. Mestrinho said he would promote ''green tourism'' -ecological safaris for foreigners. In one boost for Amazonian tourism, President Bush is to start a Latin American tour with a visit on Dec. 2 to Manaus, capital of Amazonas state. ''It's very positive that Mr. Bush is coming,'' said the Governor-elect, who takes office in Manaus on March 15. ''It's very important that outsiders get to know the reality of the Amazon.'' President Backs Ecologists Pushing a traditional, aggressively pro-development stance for the Amazon, Mr. Mestrinho may find that attitudes have changed since he last left the state governor's offices, in 1987. Brazil has a growing ecological movement in the nation's industrialized south and a new President, Fernando Collor de Mello, who is committed to limiting environmental damage. ''Weird proposals'' the Rio daily, Jornal do Brasil, recently said of Mr. Mestrinho's views. ''Old conceptions about the forest and ecology - a grab bag that not only goes against good sense, but even sounds like a joke.'' In Brazil state governments need to get along with Brasilia to receive federal funds, and it is doubtful that Mr. Mestrinho will get far with his ''forest improvement'' schemes. Indeed, within four days of Mr. Mestrinho's election, the president of Ibama, Tania Munhoz, slapped a mining company with a $1 million fine, a record environmental fine for a mining operation in Brazil. She then fined a lumber company $1.9 million, a record for a lumber operation in Brazil. Asked for his reaction to the raids in his state, Mr. Mestrinho snapped, ''Absurd exhibitionism.'' | Ecologists' Foe to Become Amazon Governor |
393802_4 | 12th century, were taken by boat up the Fleet, which continued to be used as a waterway until the 18th century. Since it was also used for the disposal of sewage and refuse, the journey was a malodorous one, all too graphically described by Ben Jonson in his poem ''On the Famous Voyage.'' By 1800, having finally degenerated into an open sewer, the Fleet, like most of the other tributaries in London, was covered over. To the effect of discharging all her sewage straight into the Thames, London for a long time remained amiably resigned - it was, after all, the poorer areas that were chiefly affected by cholera. Only after the Great Stink of 1858, when the curtains of the Houses of Parliament had to be soaked in chloride of lime to enable members to breathe, was an effective system of sewerage adopted. It was designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette, who, as chief engineer to the Metropolitan Board of Works, also built the Victoria and Chelsea embankments - a man too little honored for having saved London from being a cesspool in the middle of a swamp. Travel by water was not without risk - the Thames is a river of powerful and deceptive currents. A statute of 1603 tells us that ''divers and sundry people passing by water upon the River of Thames . . . have been put to great hazard and danger . . . and many times have perished and been drowned in the said River through the unskillfulness and want of knowledge or experience in the wherrymen and watermen.'' There are also sinister stories of watermen who, midstream, announced a steep increase in the fare. Such stories are less common after the formation in 1555 of the Company of Watermen, which in addition to protecting the interests of its members was responsible for maintaining standards. (It is still the licensing authority for those plying for hire on the Thames.) Though notorious for the richness of their invective, the watermen were generally regarded in the 17th and 18th centuries as men of high skill and pride in their profession, having served a seven-year apprenticeship before being permitted to carry passengers. Their skill was not an unmixed advantage - combined with the proximity of the naval dockyards, it made them an obvious and frequent target for the press gangs. They could also be reduced to penury | Along the Thames to the Great Port of London |
393877_1 | effect of the American economic blockade. As the Argentine journalist Jacobo Timerman remarks with bitter scorn in his new book on Cuba, ''It would take more than a Freudian or Lacanian psychoanalyst to explain why non-Cuban Castroists accept the demythification of the Communist leaders of Eastern Europe and China but remain mesmerized by El Comandante.'' ''Cuba: A Journey,'' Mr. Timerman's fierce, intelligent account of his visit to the island in the summer of 1987, should open the eyes of even the most purblind of fellow travelers. He saw the future, all right, and it is a shambles. The Cuba Mr. Timerman visited is a suffocating, demoralized country, where official boasts about the accomplishments of three decades of revolution sound increasingly desperate and hollow. What surprised him about the ordinary Cubans he met was less the lack of overt opposition to the regime than the way all but the bravest or most delinquent of spirits have retreated into a kind of sullen, infantile quiescence. Not only does political power rest almost entirely with Mr. Castro, but Government propaganda presents him as personally responsible for all the revolution's achievements, from military strategy and the harvesting of sugar cane to street cleaning. Knowing that their lives depend on the decisions and opinions of a single individual, ordinary Cubans wait for the next of Mr. Castro's interminable speeches in much the way children would attend the most old-fashioned of patriarchs. Demoralized by all this, Mr. Timerman writes of Mr. Castro's effect on Cuban society: ''When you go from city to city, from group to group, from person to person, it becomes clear that his rhetoric has produced a vacuum in the conscience of the Cuban people, substituting a stifling collective paranoia. The rest - acceptance, vacillation, informing - is at the service of repression.'' This repression, and the fear and conformity it has induced, was the strongest impression Mr. Timerman carried away from his visit. And if anything, the situation has only gotten worse since he was there. In 1987, Cuba had not yet experienced cuts in aid from the Soviet Union and, more generally, had just begun to face the consequences of the failure of the Castro regime's economic plans. Were Mr. Timerman to make his trip today, he would find, as I did when I visited the island in July of this year, that discussions of personal freedom now take a back | A Suffocating and Demoralized Island |
394044_0 | LEAD: House and Senate negotiators have reached a compromise on a bill to protect an additional one million acres in the Tongass National Forest in Alaska from timber cutting. House and Senate negotiators have reached a compromise on a bill to protect an additional one million acres in the Tongass National Forest in Alaska from timber cutting. But the agreement, reached Friday and expected to be approved by the two chambers, did not go as far as environmentalists had wanted. The Tongass, stretching across nearly 17 million acres of the Alaska panhandle, is the world's only remaining rain forest in a temperate zone and is home to a rich array of wildlife, including grizzly bears and bald eagles. It is also a major source of timber. ''Half a rain forest is better than no rain forest at all,'' George Frampton Jr., president of the Wilderness Society, said, adding that he would have preferred a bill that put more restraints on the timber industry. ''With the Congress about to adjourn we were forced to take it or leave it,'' Mr. Frampton said. Mike Francis, a forestry expert for the society, said the changes would not necessarily reduce the amount of timber cut in the Tongass. About five million acres of the forest are currently protected from timber harvesting. The legislation adds a million acres to the area off-limits to timber cutting and creates 100-foot-wide off-limit areas along rivers and streams important to fishing. The House legislation would have protected nearly twice as many acres from timber cutting. Changes in Timber Sales The legislation also made a number of changes in the management of the forest and timber sales by the United States Forest Service. Environmental groups have long argued that in some years the Forest Service netted only 2 cents from timber sales for every dollar of expenditures. The bill requires the Forest Service to prepare only enough timber for sale to meet ''market demand'' instead of the automatic 450 million board feet a year that is specified in existing law. It also eliminates the automatic appropriation of $40 million for timber management, requiring that the forest compete with other Federal forests each year for funds in the normal budget process. In Juneau, Gov. Steve Cowper of Alaska welcomed the agreement, calling it a compromise so that ''Alaska's timber industry can remain healthy while the environment and other uses of the | Pact Limits Timber Cutting in Alaska Forest |
393726_0 | LEAD: In the back rooms off the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's deep-space flight control center in Pasadena, Calif., the gray walls are trimmed in beige, like slate with clay outcrops. The geologists working there may feel right at home. They are admonished, however, to check their terrestrial prejudices at the door. In the back rooms off the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's deep-space flight control center in Pasadena, Calif., the gray walls are trimmed in beige, like slate with clay outcrops. The geologists working there may feel right at home. They are admonished, however, to check their terrestrial prejudices at the door. Those who enter are to contemplate the exotic landscape of another world, this time Venus. Space flight has stretched the scope of more than one traditional science. Astrophysicists, sending telescopes above the atmosphere, can now glimpse the universe in the full spectrum of light, in ultraviolet as well as gamma rays and X-rays, studying what eyes weren't made to see. A few biologists have evolved into exobiologists, specialists in the study of extraterrestrial life. Failing to find any on Mars, their first big test, they now want to search for fossils of extinct Martian life. Is a field of exopaleontology about to be born? Geology, by definition an Earth science, now spans the solar system. Its practitioners, who grew up in a gritty, tactile science, never get within millions of miles of their subject matter (except for those who still work with moon rocks). When they go on a field trip, it is to Pasadena, where one of their hardest tasks is trying not to force the data to fit their earthbound preconceptions of how a world should be. Ever since the Magellan spacecraft swung into an orbit of Venus in August, some 50 geologists and 100 graduate students have encamped at the Pasadena lab. They hunch over video screens displaying radar images from Magellan, 155 million miles away. Only with radar is it possible to penetrate the thick clouds enveloping the planet. They peer through magnifying glasses at photo mosaics of craters, mountains, sand dunes, fractured plains and rivers of solidified lava. Their first task is not discovery so much as description and classification. ''It's likely our descriptions of Venus will hold up,'' said Dr. Stephen Saunders, chief scientist of the project. ''Our first interpretations almost certainly will not.'' Each morning members of various science analysis teams meet to compare | Ideas & Trends; Mapping the Alien Landscape Of a Newly Fathomable World |
393757_10 | the machine. ''It can dice and slice the noises in the universe into neat little bins so that our computers can recognize if they're anything interesting.'' The result is that science ''for the first time now has the practical engineering ability to transform Professor Morrison's dream into a reality,'' he says. ''We've gone in my lifetime from the age of the slipstick to the age of the microchip. But it's still the same dream, the same basic theory that Professor Morrison thought up a generation ago that we're chasing.'' A second team of scientists is working at the NASA Ames Research Center, at the Moffett Field Naval Air Station, about an hour's drive south of San Francisco. Here, NASA scientists are trying to widen Morrison and Cocconi's ''magic frequency'' by - once again - trying to think like aliens. Just a bit farther up the microwave band from the hydrogen frequency, the Ames team realized, is another natural emission line - that of the hydroxyl radical. They reason that these two bands (the hydrogen band and that of the hydroxyl radical) form a kind of signpost that is too promising for any advanced technological society to ignore. ''Standing like the Om and the Um on either side of a gate,'' they have written, ''these two emissions . . . beckon all water-based life to search for its kind at the age-old meeting place of all species: the water hole.'' Or so they hope. Kent Cullers, 41, who was the signal-detection specialist at the Arecibo experiment, works at Ames directing the programming and construction of the NASA computers that will search the microwave region. His blindness, he believes, gives him a distinct advantage for the task. ''No one can see far enough to know what is out there,'' he says. ''But because I'm blind, I've spent a lifetime learning how to hear things, how to listen. I can pass that skill, that gift, on to the SETI computers.'' Cullers has been blind since birth. Born prematurely, he was placed in an incubator, where the rushing oxygen filled his lungs but seared his retinas. He grew up to become the first totally blind person to receive a physics doctorate at Berkeley. Today, his stark office at Moffett Field is equipped with two ''talking'' computers that enable him to program the NASA computers without reading a screen. He is convinced of his, as | SETI, Phone Home |
366418_0 | LEAD: More and more lately, young and wayward black bears have been popping up in the leafy outer suburbs of metropolitan New York, providing residents with nervous amusement and testing the wits of the police. More and more lately, young and wayward black bears have been popping up in the leafy outer suburbs of metropolitan New York, providing residents with nervous amusement and testing the wits of the police. Since last weekend, at least one bear has been sighted several times, roaming the woods and backyards of three adjacent northern New Jersey communities: Summit, New Providence and Chatham Township, about 10 miles west of Newark. Another was tranquilized and captured just outside Morristown, N.J., on Thursday. Others have turned up in odd spots in southeastern New York. ''We had one standing on the roof of a car outside a doughnut shop in Hyde Park a while ago and last week one was right in the middle of the village of Monticello, knocking over garbage cans,'' said Dick Henry, a wildlife biologist with New York's Department of Environmental Conservation. The befuddled bears, usually 15 to 18 months old, are the momentary outcasts of a growing bear population in the New York region, experts say. Right now, the young bears are fumbling through breeding season. Their mothers, who breed every second year, have cast them aside while they seek new mates. Older, territorially dominant males intimidate them. So, unloved, unwanted and uncertain of their own turf, they wander into strange places, like the backyard of David and Ellen Cousins in Morris Plains, near Morristown. The Cousins were wallpapering at their home Thursday morning when a young bear took to a backyard tree and a crowd gathered. ''There were maybe 10 to 15 kids and double that amount in adults,'' Mrs. Cousins recalled. ''It was more a curiosity than a frightening experience and good amusement from about 10 to 12:30.'' Five police officers discouraged the bear from climbing down by banging their nightsticks against a chain-link fence. Eventually, state wildlife experts sedated the animal with a tranquilizer dart and took it to New Jersey's busiest bear habitat, the thick woods of the Kittatinny Mountains in Sussex County, the state's northwestern tip. Bears migrating into the Kittatinny range from Pennsylvania have swelled the area's population to at least 250 from about 30 in 1980, said Patricia McConnell, a bear biologist with New Jersey's Department | Suburbs Are Wary of Bears' Wanderlust |
366421_0 | LEAD: Two Israeli researchers this week patented a method for producing an intense red dye for foods and cosmetics from carrot cells grown in petri dishes. Two Israeli researchers this week patented a method for producing an intense red dye for foods and cosmetics from carrot cells grown in petri dishes. In such cell cultures, plant cells are bred without growing the entire plant. The technique is being viewed by many scientists as a more efficient alternative to conventional methods of agriculture. The new colorant is a chemical called anthocyanin, produced by cultures of carrot cells. According to the patent, it has several advantages over existing food dyes: it has an intense color, remains stable under a wide variety of conditions and has none of the carcinogenic risks associated with some artificial red dyes. The colorant is produced by isolating anthocyanin from the cell culture and then freeze-drying it into a powder. By adjusting the acid levels of the cell culture, the coloring can be varied from dark red to purple to blue. Ron Vunsh and Michael B. Matilsky obtained patent 4,939,086. | Patents; Red Dye Is Produced From Carrot Cultures |
371586_1 | does not cause stress or depression in most healthy women, and it may even improve mental health for some. A new study suggests that contrary to popular belief, menopause does not cause stress or depression in most healthy women, and it may even improve mental health for some. ''Women don't have to expect menopause to be a negative experience,'' said Karen A. Matthews, a psychologist at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Matthews and her colleagues at Pittsburgh and at Duke University interviewed 541 randomly selected menstruating women from the ages of 42 to 50. Three years later they evaluated 69 participants who had ceased menstruating for at least one year and 32 others who no longer menstruated and were taking horomone supplements. The findings were published in June in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. The researchers found that these 101 menopausal women did not differ significantly in anxiety, anger or depression, or feelings of stress, excitability, nervousness or bodily worries from a group of menstruating women in that age range. A Comparison of Results Menopausal women who did not take hormones reported more hot flashes, but over all they had better mental health ratings than menstruating women or those taking hormones, the researchers found. Menopausal women who were taking hormones reported more worries about their bodies and were slightly more depressed, but these results could be caused by the hormone therapy, the researchers said. The study is significant in that it tested the women's physical and psychological health before and after menstruation ends. The few past studies done on menopause and mental health have tended to rely on the recollections of older women, rather than on personality tests, and have studied a group of women who sought psychological treatment, rather than a more representative group. In addition, some previous studies had not separated out women taking various medicines that can affect moods. ''I didn't expect the minimum effects we found,'' Dr. Matthews said. She cautioned, however, that since the researchers studied only healthy women, the results may be applicable only to them. It is possible that other difficulties are compounded by menopause, she said. Dr. Matthews also said that since menopause occurred gradually over several years, the overall period still needed closer examination. The researchers recommend that psychologists evaluate and treat middle-aged women according to their specific life circumstances and risk factors rather than their menopausal status. HEALTH | Study Suggests Menopause Doesn't Affect Mental Health |
371662_1 | thirdly, it is a fact that he is an evangelical and that will encourage a very large constitution in the Church of England.'' In a brief statement, Dr. Runcie described the choice of his successor as imaginative and said Dr. Carey was a theologian who commanded broad respect. Others described Dr. Carey as ''gifted,'' ''warm and delightful'' and ''a man of mission and ecumenical vision.'' While holding strong convictions, Bishop Carey is described as a man with the ability to be open to contrasting opinions on matters of doctrine and politics. He is a leader of the Church of England's evangelical wing, which stresses traditional beliefs, unlike radical theologians who interpret the Bible more freely. At the same time, he is a firm supporter of the ordination of women, an issue that has threatened to splinter the denomination. The Church of England - the country's established church, headed by Queen Elizabeth -allows women to be ordained only as deacons. But the Episcopal Church, the 2.5 million-member American branch of Anglicanism, has been ordaining women as priests since 1976. 'Dazed and Unworthy' Though all Anglicans worldwide recognize the Archbishop of Canterbury as their spiritual leader, the church organization in each country has wide latitude to set its own canon laws, including those for ordination. Flanked by his wife and four adult children, Dr. Carey said at a news conference at the Archbishop's official residence that he felt ''dazed and unworthy'' over the appointment, which is made by the Queen on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who chooses from two names proposed by a church commission. The second name put forward was not disclosed. George Leonard Carey was born on Nov. 13, 1935, in London's East End, a poor working-class district. The son of a hospital porter, he grew up in public housing and recalls sharing his brother's shoes. After leaving school at 15, he worked as an office clerk and served as a radio operator in the Royal Air Force from 1954 to 1956. On return to civilian life, Dr. Carey studied at home to gain entrance to King's College at London University and graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1962. Later, in the mid-1960's, he received a Ph.D in divinity from London University. He served as a curate in Islington in north London and has been a lifelong supporter of the nearby Arsenal soccer club. From | New Leader Of Anglicans: George Leonard Carey |
371648_2 | situation deteriorating, but the external situation is getting worse too. We don't have any hard currency, and here Fidel is fighting with his friends,'' he said referring to Spain, which has been Cuba's most sympathetic Western partner. But Madrid cut off economic aid and called back its ambassador on Monday to protest Cuba's aggressive pursuit of people who have sought asylum in the Spanish Embassy. Cubans are already limited to a ration of one pound of chicken every nine days and nine ounces of beef every third nine-day period. Ten ounces of beans, a Cuban staple, are allotted monthly. Eggs, fish and rice are not rationed, and Cubans also avail themselves of meals provided free by the Government at schools and offices. Few goods are found at Cuban grocery stores. In the Vivora residential neighborhood of once stately, but badly decayed single-family houses that have been divided into small, dark apartments, a woman took a visitor from shop to shop looking for meat or fish. None could be found. Outside one store, a blackboard read, ''No Electricity.'' Inside, a bored shopkeeper announced there was no fish. On a wooden table against the wall was a bin full of rotting potatoes. The woman poked at them briefly before grimacing and walking away. In another store, there was only cooking oil, which is also rationed. ''We should be living at the rhythm of the rest of the world, but we have been condemned to live for 31 years a completely limited existence,'' the woman said. #2 Distasteful Measures To compensate for the abruptly severed ties with Eastern Europe and the anticipated changes in Soviet-Cuban trade, the Government has resorted to two devices that were long held as ideologically distasteful: attracting Western tourism and offering workers financial incentives. Each measure has produced limited results, diplomats say. As of last year, Cuban officials say, 326,000 tourists came to Cuba, mainly from Canada, West Germany, Spain, Mexico and Italy, earning the country $200 million in hard currency. But European diplomats say that many tourists spend little money. With Spain's financing and engineering, the Government has built several hotels and tourist complexes. At the recently opened Palmeras complex in Varadero, a beach resort outside Havana, the Spanish control the management and are allowed to dismiss Cuban workers who do not perform adequately, something unheard of in other industries. All over Havana, construction crews work day and | Castro, Standing Firm Against the Tide, Is Bracing Cuba for Harder Times |
368072_0 | LEAD: Lucien Paye, head of the O.E.C.D., which groups 24 industrialized countries, was asked what worried him most on the horizon. U.S. budget and trade deficits? Protectionism? Recession? Lucien Paye, head of the O.E.C.D., which groups 24 industrialized countries, was asked what worried him most on the horizon. U.S. budget and trade deficits? Protectionism? Recession? ''It depends if you talk short-term or long-term,'' he answered. The serious concern, out about a decade, ''is demography.'' Third-world countries are building up population at a rate no imaginable economic development effort could accommodate. As things are going, pressures will become explosive, launching invasion tides of desperate people trying to throw themselves on labor markets. They won't be armed, but will set forth in overwhelming multitudes. Mr. Paye is a Frenchman, and he was thinking mainly of burgeoning African populations. Already immigration from the south is the most abrasive political issue in France, strengthening the nationalist ultra-right. The issue is sharpening in Italy, a country with no tradition of absorbing the poor from abroad. For the U.S., the push will mount primarily from Latin America. But the stakes are global because development, environment, peace will be put at risk if the number of people and capacity to sustain them is thrown into such imbalance. That is why deliberate restraint of science in providing reproductive choice is beyond comprehension. The U.S. is hobbling a humane approach by its obsession with abortion. In the name of ''right to life,'' American militants are disregarding conditions of life for children around the world: nutrition, health care, education at home, famine, disease, war abroad. During the Reagan Administration, funds for United Nations population control programs were cut because they might be used for abortions. In the last couple of years, threats from American groups have blocked distribution of a pill that prevents development of a fertilized egg. It is RU486, called the ''French pill'' because it was developed by a French biochemist, Etienne-Emile Baulieu, who won a 1989 Lasker Award for his discovery. The citation said it provided a ''safe, effective'' means for preventing pregnancy and avoiding surgical abortion. Made by the French company Roussel Uclaf, RU486 has been widely tested in France and other European countries. In April, reports on 40,000 cases of use listed only two ''incidents,'' without damaging consequences. The anti-abortion lobby in the U.S. succeeded in preventing legal importation of the drug under Federal law. | The People Threat |
368100_0 | LEAD: A biotechnology company in New Jersey won a patent this week for a method of preventing fruits and vegetables from spoiling by using genetic engineering to enhance their natural defenses against fungus. A biotechnology company in New Jersey won a patent this week for a method of preventing fruits and vegetables from spoiling by using genetic engineering to enhance their natural defenses against fungus. Developed by researchers at the DNA Plant Technology Corporation in Cinnaminson, N.J., the method is designed to protect crops during the long trip from farm to market. Farmers and shippers now spend millions of dollars fumigating soil and spraying harvested crops. The new technique consists of inserting into plants a bacterial gene that produces an enzyme called chitinase, which has long been known to break down the cell walls of many fungi. Plants produce small quantities of chitinase themselves, but not enough for reliable protection during shipment. ''What we're doing is enhancing and augmenting the natural immune system of the plant,'' said David Gilbert , a company spokesman. Thus far, he said, researchers have successfully transplanted the chitinase gene to tomato, potato, lettuce and other plants. But he added that they had not been successful in doing so with rice, corn, wheat and other grains. The company said it hoped that plants containing the gene would reach commercial markets by the mid-1990's. Two DNA plant researchers, Trevor V. Suslow and Jonathan D. G. Jones, obtained patent 4,940,840. | Patents; Using a Gene To Prevent Crop Spoilage |
368117_0 | LEAD: Representatives of the clergy and the laity of the Greek Orthodox Church in the Western hemisphere have recommended that the church allow married priests to become bishops. The proposal, which would alter 1,300 years of Eastern Orthodox practice, would require an unusual consensus among Orthodox Christian bishops. Representatives of the clergy and the laity of the Greek Orthodox Church in the Western hemisphere have recommended that the church allow married priests to become bishops. The proposal, which would alter 1,300 years of Eastern Orthodox practice, would require an unusual consensus among Orthodox Christian bishops. The action by the Clergy-Laity Congress of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America came Thursday in Washington. The congress was presided over by Ecumenical Patriarch Dimitrios I of Constantinople, who also met with President Bush at the White House. Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church permits married men to become priests. The Patriarch, spiritual leader of the world's 250 million Eastern Orthodox Christians, arrived in New York yesterday on the second leg of his month-long visit to the United States. Arrives at Penn Station Disembarking at Pennsylvania Station from a special train from Washington, he was greeted by Mayor David N. Dinkins; Peter Vallone, president of the City Council, New York Episcopal Bishop Richard F. Grein and other dignitaries. Patriarch Dimitrios will meet with religious leaders and government officials in the New York area, including Gov. Mario M. Cuomo. Individual Orthodox leaders, including Archbishop Iakovos, head of the Greek Orthodox church in America, have previously suggested that married clergy be allowed to become bishops, said the Rev. Robert G. Stephanopoulos. But endorsement by the congress added weight to the proposal, he said, especially since the Ecumenical Patriarch was in attendance. The biannual congress regulates many of the affairs of the two-million-member Greek Orthodox Church in the Western hemisphere, but a change of this importance would have to be approved at the very least by the bishops of the entire Greek Orthodox Church and possibly by the bishops of other national Orthodox churches throughout the world. The Eastern Christianity, rooted in the Greek-speaking part of the Roman Empire, has always allowed married men to be ordained deacons and then priests. But by late in the seventh century, the Eastern Orthodox churches restricted the office of bishop to priests who were pledged to celibacy. This was done to free the church from | Greek Orthodox Group Backs Married Bishops |
368045_0 | LEAD: Automobile experts warn that if your car is not properly maintained in summer, a vacation could come to an unexpected stop. Make sure that lights, brakes and wipers are in good condition. The Automobile Club of New York says that a car's engine should always be properly tuned, and it suggests that the following items be checked before any warm-weather trip. Automobile experts warn that if your car is not properly maintained in summer, a vacation could come to an unexpected stop. Make sure that lights, brakes and wipers are in good condition. The Automobile Club of New York says that a car's engine should always be properly tuned, and it suggests that the following items be checked before any warm-weather trip. COOLING SYSTEM: Drain and flush radiator at start of summer. If it uses year-round antifreeze, add a rust inhibitor and water-pump lubricant. Check tension and condition of belts and hoses. TIRES: Check condition monthly. Keep tires properly inflated to ease handling and avoid blowouts. For long trips, overinflating by 3 or 4 pounds can improve gas mileage and handling. Be sure treads are at least one-sixteenth of an inch deep to prevent loss of control on wet pavement. OIL: Replace motor oil according to the schedule in the owner's manual with summer weight or multi-grade oil, at least 30W. Replace filter, too. BATTERY: If it is not a maintenance-free type, make sure each cell is filled with water. Clean corrosion from the terminals and make connections tight. | CONSUMER'S WORLD: Guidepost; For Summer Driving |
367874_0 | LEAD: The House of Representatives gave final approval today to legislation that would extend full Federal protection against discrimination to millions of Americans with physical and mental disabilities. The House of Representatives gave final approval today to legislation that would extend full Federal protection against discrimination to millions of Americans with physical and mental disabilities. The vote was 377 to 28. The Senate is expected to pass the measure on Friday and send it to President Bush, who strongly supports it. ''This is the most significant civil rights bill to pass the Congress in a quarter of a century,'' said the measure's chief sponsor, Representative Steny H. Hoyer, Democrat of Maryland. ''It opens up opportunities and the pursuit of happiness to 43 million Americans who have disabilities and who want to participate fully in the activities of our country.'' Farthest-Reaching Since '64 The bill is the most far-reaching Federal legislation against job discrimination since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It would outlaw discrimination on the basis of disability, and in many cases employers would have to alter work sites to accommodate handicapped workers. The bill would require that all new commercial construction be made accessible to those with disabilities. Telephone companies would have to establish procedures so that the people with hearing and speech impairments could communicate over phone lines. For the first time, people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or infected with the AIDS virus would be protected from discrimination in employment and housing. Some experts say this provision may encourage more people to come forward to be tested for the virus. The legislation defines a person with disabilities as one with a physical or mental impairment that ''substantially limits'' a ''major life activity'' like walking or seeing. People with AIDS or its virus are also covered, as are alcoholics and drug abusers who are undergoing treatment. Some conditions are specifically excluded, among them transvestism, pedophilia, compulsive gambling, kleptomania and pyromania. Disputes Resolved in Conference The Senate passed the bill last September, 76 to 8, and the House approved it in May, 403 to 20. But it became bogged down in a conference to resolve differences in the two versions. The House version would have allowed restaurants to remove workers with infectious diseases from positions where they handle food. The Senate bill included a provision allowing individuals to sue senators for discrimination; Congress is traditionally loath to allow | House, 377-28, Approves Bill to Protect Disabled |
367953_7 | manager of Motorola's international cellular telephone handsets division. Motorola has found that it can manufacture as cheaply in the United States as anywhere in the world, Mr. Fisher said. ''The percentage of a product's cost that is labor is diminishing,'' he said. From Radios to Chips Until recently, Motorola had appeared to be in fairly poor health. Started in 1928 as a maker of car radios, the company made mostly radio and television receivers until the 1960's. It then entered the semiconductor business and became the nation's largest producer of the computer chips that are used to control many types of consumer-electronics equipment. The semiconductor business began losing money heavily in the mid-1980's as foreign rivals expanded production. At the same time, Japanese companies started exporting large volumes of cellular telephones and beepers to the United States. Nevertheless, Motorola has prospered recently because of its success in wireless communications. The company announced on Wednesday that sales of cellular telephone equipment helped make the second quarter its best ever, with profits of $161 million on sales of $2.7 billion. Motorola earned $498 million on sales of $9.6 billion last year. Several events this year have highlighted the company's progress in developing new forms of mobile communications: * In January, Motorola and I.B.M. announced a joint venture to produce notebook-sized portable computers and transmitters that will allow wireless communications in all American metropolitan areas. * In April, the Federal Communications Commission gave Motorola the microwave frequencies it needed to begin selling wireless modems for high-speed microwave communications among computers in an office building or a complex of buildings. * Motorola applied on June 7 for F.C.C. permission to test and market new types of pocket-size wireless telephones that would allow people to walk about in a building and attend meetings without missing calls. * On June 26, Motorola announced that it was prepared to build a $2.3 billion satellite network that would allow subscribers to place and receive telephone calls anywhere on the planet using a 23-ounce handset. Whether demand for these products is sufficient is not clear, and several face other hurdles. For example, the indoor cellular telephones and the satellite phones are still in development and require allocations of scarce frequencies from the F.C.C. And Motorola is still looking for partners to help finance and run the satellite phone system, which the company says it would rather build than operate. | Beating Japan at Its Own Game |
370068_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Your support of Senator Sam Nunn's proposal for the Pentagon to use military technology and forces to monitor global environment (''Painting the Pentagon Green,'' editorial, July 9) will be backed by the ultimate observers of the planet's worsened condition - astronauts and cosmonauts who've orbited Earth and seen the pollution of air and water. Last November, 50 United States and Soviet members of the Association of Space Explorers met in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, precisely to discuss global environmental concerns. In their communique, the astronauts of the West and cosmonauts of the East deplored what they have seen in orbit - ''dangers that can imperil our planet, and thus poison the quality of life that will be inherited by generations yet unborn.'' They proposed that ''nations should design and use international environmental monitoring stations - both manned and unmanned - to act as perpetual early warning stations of dangers that can rob the home planet of livable environments.'' As an observer at the Riyadh meeting, I heard their fears about environmental damage, and I suggest a possibility Senator Nunn might pursue: He could invite American and Soviet representatives of the Association of Space Explorers - men who've seen contamination of the seas and the air from the unique platforms of space vehicles - to appear and testify on the need for more sophisticated monitoring of air and water to protect the home planet, and to recite the environmental deterioration seen by space fliers who've journeyed more than once into space. This is a rare opportunity for onetime cold war military adversaries to join in support of more constructive uses of military technologies and personnel to declare war on a more sinister enemy of mankind, environmental ruin. PAT MURPHY Paradise Valley, Ariz., July 12, 1990 The writer is retired publisher of The Arizona Republic and The Phoenix Gazette. | Letter: On the Environment; What Astronauts and Cosmonauts See |
370178_0 | LEAD: Researchers at Microlife Technics Inc. of Sarasota, Fla., which specializes in developing commercially useful bacteria, obtained a patent this week for a naturally produced food preservative that fights common molds. Researchers at Microlife Technics Inc. of Sarasota, Fla., which specializes in developing commercially useful bacteria, obtained a patent this week for a naturally produced food preservative that fights common molds. At present, most food preservatives are made from synthetic chemicals. Although effective and regarded by Government regulators as safe, the presence of the chemicals in food worries some consumers, who feel more comfortable without them. The new compound, which has not been named, is a natural byproduct of bacteria called pediococcus, and was developed by Blair S. Kunka and David A. Vandenbergh. The bacteria have long been used to cure pepperoni and other sausages, Mr. Kunka said. In tests, he said, material isolated from the bacteria appeared to block spoilage in bread, dairy products, tomato sauces and other products. Mr. Kunka and Mr. Vandenbergh obtained patent 4,942,032. | Patents; A Food Preservative That's Made Naturally |
365875_2 | by Pregones in San Antonio in 1988. The emphasis there was on Chicano, or Mexican-American, theater, said Ms. Rolon. Subsequent discussion led to the idea of bringing the Westerners east to New York, where Puerto Rican and Caribbean populations predominate. Same Methods, Other Themes ''The Chicano theater has similar methods of creativity, but the themes are different,'' said Ms. Rolon. ''For instance, the question of documented workers is a recurring theme. They do much that is comedy, in good spirits. With us, we often deal with a sense of despair, the identity crisis, political problems, drugs, the role of women. It's not all down; we also celebrate the triumph and tenacity of our people.'' The festivities start at 5 P.M. tomorrow with a free concert by Mario Bauza's orchestra in tribute to Willie Colon, the salsa star who was born in the neighborhood. At 7 P.M., dignitaries attend the formal inauguration ceremonies. Both events are free, but reservations are necessary (585-1202). On Tuesday, Hostos Community College will serve as host to a symposium on Hispanic theater and film. There will also be workshops that will examine various aspects of the Hispanic theater community. On July 14, the Bilingual Theater of Houston will give a free outdoor performance in front of the theater. The shows inside have ticket prices of $7 or $5. Reservations are necessary (585-1202). Ms. Rolon recalled the company's modest start in 1979, in Manhattan, where she had moved from her native Puerto Rico. 'Political and Artistic Decision' ''We were three people; now we are 11,'' she said. ''We were a touring company, playing the streets and then major community centers. We felt it was hard for people to come to the theater, so we had a theater that came to the people. We used our own apartments, one room for storage, a living room for rehearsals, and then we borrowed space. In 1981, we moved to the Bronx, where we had identified a great void. It was a political and an artistic decision, and we decided it suited our aims.'' ''We do bilingual theater, and you don't need translation in either Spanish or English,'' Ms. Rolon continued. ''We perform plays on all subjects, and plays for children. We have also have been doing plays on AIDS, some all in English, some all in Spanish, depending on the audience. We have our own small orchestra and we do | The Hispanic Voice of New York: A 2d Theater Festival Chimes In |
365907_0 | LEAD: THE problem: The earnings gap between those who went to college and those who did not has never been greater. Yet tuition subsidies for all but the poorest students have become scarcer than Taittinger in Teheran. Loans at market-rate interest are generally available to students who need them. But not surprisingly, the children of financially pressed parents are loath to begin their working lives burdened with tens of thousands of dollars in education debts. THE problem: The earnings gap between those who went to college and those who did not has never been greater. Yet tuition subsidies for all but the poorest students have become scarcer than Taittinger in Teheran. Loans at market-rate interest are generally available to students who need them. But not surprisingly, the children of financially pressed parents are loath to begin their working lives burdened with tens of thousands of dollars in education debts. The Economic Policy Institute's solution: self-financing Government loans for anyone who wants one, with repayment linked to future earnings and collections piggybacked on regular income taxes. The proposal, written by Barry Bluestone, Alan Clayton-Matthews, John Havens and Howard Young for the liberal Washington policy group and detailed in the summer issue of The American Prospect magazine, is sure to receive a respectful reception across the political spectrum. As the liberal economists acknowledge, ''income-contingent'' loans for higher education were first suggested by Milton Friedman, the conservative economist. Yale University experimented with the concept in the 1970's. And a version drafted for the Democrats by Robert Reischauer, now the head of the Congressional Budget Office, was hailed as the rare serious idea floated in the know-nothing swamp of the 1988 Presidential campaign. But the innovative feature of the Economic Policy Institute's proposal - the use of Social Security revenues as the multibillion-dollar source for the revolving tuition loan fund - is bound to meet resistance. Most economists applaud the notion of investing in ''human capital'' to ease the burden of paying for the baby boom generation's retirement, but few politicians seem ready to accept the budgetary consequences of diverting the Social Security surplus to productive uses. In 1963, say Mr. Bluestone and company, college graduates earned an average of 50 percent more than high school graduates. By 1987 the gap had widened to 80 percent. All told, the economists estimate, a college degree increases the present value of the average individual's lifetime earnings | Economic Scene; College Tuition: A Better Idea? |
365772_0 | LEAD: France said today that for the first time it would attend talks on curbing the spread of nuclear weapons. France said today that for the first time it would attend talks on curbing the spread of nuclear weapons. The announcement was seen as a sign that Paris is reviewing a 22-year refusal to sign the treaty on nuclear non-proliferation. An observer will be sent to Geneva talks reviewing the treaty next month, the Foreign Ministry said. France and China have refused to sign the treaty, which forbids the transfer of nuclear weapons technology to developing countries. The French are believed to have the world's third-largest nuclear arsenal after the United States and the Soviet Union. A ministry statement said the French representative at the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency would attend a meeting to review the treaty in Geneva from Aug. 20 to Sept. 14. A ministry spokesman said China would also send a delegate to the talks. | France to Attend Talks on Atom Arms Curb |
371423_0 | LEAD: A Roman Catholic nun and three policemen were killed today when a bomb ripped through a car near Armagh in Northern Ireland, the police said. A Roman Catholic nun and three policemen were killed today when a bomb ripped through a car near Armagh in Northern Ireland, the police said. The three uniformed members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary were reportedly killed instantly when their unmarked patrol car ran over and detonated an explosive device planted under Killylea Road, two miles south of Armagh. The blast lifted the car over a high hedge into a field, where it landed on its roof, the police said. The nun and another woman were in a car going in the opposite direction when they were also caught by the blast, the police said. Both were taken to a hospital with serious wounds. The nun, identified as Sister Catherine Dunn, died shortly afterward. The other woman's condition was described tonight as satisfactory. The bomb, believed to have contained at least 1,000 pounds of explosives, left a 20-foot crater in the road. #300 Killed in 20 Years Politicians, clergy and Government ministers in London and on both sides of the Irish border condemned the attack, which brings to nearly 300 the number of police officers and reservists killed in guerrilla attacks since the troubles flared in Northern Ireland more than 20 years ago. A caller to a British news organization took responsibility for the attack in the name of the Irish Republican Army, which is fighting a guerrilla war to end British rule in Northern Ireland. The caller expressed no regret over the death of the nun. Prime Minister Charles J. Haughey of Ireland said that such acts of violence inflicted appalling grief on families and communities and were also ''utterly futile.'' ''I know all the people of Ireland join me in my condemnation of this atrocity,'' Mr. Haughey said in a statement. The Press Association, Britain's domestic news agency, quoted a witness, Paul Corr, who runs a garage near the scene of the attack, as saying that the ''ground shook beneath us and it was accompanied by a very large explosion.'' I.R.A. Is Condemned ''I went on to the main road and saw there had been an explosion about 40 yards from the garage,'' Mr. Corr said. ''We were first on the scene and saw a white Mini Metro with two young lassies | ULSTER NUN KILLED WITH 3 POLICEMEN |
371528_0 | LEAD: The House and Senate easily defeated a proposal today to trim the United States sugar program, sidestepping charges that the subsidies hurt sugar-exporting nations and inflated domestic food prices. The House and Senate easily defeated a proposal today to trim the United States sugar program, sidestepping charges that the subsidies hurt sugar-exporting nations and inflated domestic food prices. The House voted, 271 to 150, against the proposal to cut the loan rate by 10 percent. The plan, offered as an amendment to a five-year farm bill, went down by a 54-to-44 vote in the Senate. Sugar producers had warned that the cut would force many of the nation's 12,000 beet and cane farmers into bankruptcy. ''What this amendment says is, Let them eat cake,'' said Representative Ron Marlenee, Republican of Montana. ''And to do so will put U.S. sugar growers out of business.'' Opponents said the benefits of supporting American sugar producers were outweighed by the costs of the program, including a more than 50 percent cut in sugar imports since 1980 and a $1.5 billion annual increase in food costs. The Agriculture Department supports domestic sugar prices through a production loan and annual import quota of 18 cents a pound. | Bid to Curb Aid On Sugar Fails |
369108_1 | replaced the original prosecutor, Vincent T. Bugliosi, with Steve McGarrett, the chief detective in the television series ''Hawaii Five-0.'' After two weeks of workshop presentations at Performance Space 122, the only protest they said they had heard came last week from CBS, which owns ''Hawaii Five-0.'' Mr. Moran agreed to call his Steve McGarrett character Steve X and to delete any references to the television program, including the show's original subtitle, ''Helter Five-0.'' Of Killers and Greek Tragedy ''People have come to this expecting to be freaked out,'' Mr. Moran said. ''But that's not what happens, because of the way the material is handled. I wanted to show the Manson family characters as representatives of the same archetypes you find in Greek tragedy. And I wanted to make the point that television has replaced myth telling. Television has all of the same components and serves the same purpose as verbal storytelling used to.'' Mr. McGrath, who is the artistic director of the Manhattan-based Ridge Street Theater, said of the production: ''I liken it to the story of the Bacchae. If you think of Manson as Dionysus and the Manson girls as the women of Thebes, it's amazing how it all follows. I think there's something fascinating about the Manson story that captures our imagination, in the way that the stories of other serial killers do not. ''One thing I find interesting about Manson as a character is that the family believed that they were with God then. For them, God wasn't something you heard about on Sunday when you hedged your spiritual bets and went to church. He was right there with them. And they believed that revelations were coming down to them through the Beatles' 'White Album.' It's twisted and negative, but it's also inspiring in a way.'' Mr. Moran and Mr. McGrath have covered some of this ground before, but from a different perspective. In September, the Ridge Theater presented Mr. Moran's ''Jack Benny,'' an opera in which recordings of ''The Jack Benny Show'' were cut, looped and altered, and were weaved into a quirky, colorful fabric of electronic sound. At the time, Mr. Moran and Mr. McGrath said they saw Benny's cast and other characters from popular television shows of the 1950's and 60's, as contemporary cultural icons that function in the exemplary way that ancient mythical characters do. The production fell somewhere between vaudeville and nightmare, | Will the Manson Story Play As Myth, Operatically at That? |
369101_0 | LEAD: LAST year, Travelers Mortgage Services of Cherry Hill, N.J., a unit of the Travelers Corporation, the insurance giant, increased its staff about 30 percent nationwide, to 1,800 people. LAST year, Travelers Mortgage Services of Cherry Hill, N.J., a unit of the Travelers Corporation, the insurance giant, increased its staff about 30 percent nationwide, to 1,800 people. A large number of those hired were found through unusual techniques. They were reached through prerecorded phone tapes and answering equipment, a special fax machine for resumes, radio advertisements during commuting hours when people drive and listen, and saturation of an area with help-wanted fliers outlining job benefits. The hirings cost an average of $3,200 an employee. In mortgage servicing, a company receives monthly mortgage payments from homeowners and businesses, passes them on to whatever institution holds the mortgage, and makes the payments of taxes and insurance premiums out of escrow money as required. When the monthly mortgage payments are not received on time, customers are usually reminded by telephone or letter. The business requires customer service representatives and loan counselors who have good communication skills. Travelers Mortgage Services often tries to lure experienced employees away from competitors - a sign of a labor shortage for the type of employees it wants. It calls many of them ''passive job seekers,'' those who are comfortable in their jobs but interested in a better opportunity if they can be made aware of one. Unusual approaches help. For example, some months ago the company used direct-mail recruitment fliers sent to 80,000 households within a five-mile radius of its Chicago-area branch office. It invited students, elderly people and others to apply for jobs. Jo Ann Battagliese, vice president of human resources for Travelers Mortgage Services, said last week that the use of tape recorders for initial contact by telephone allowed human resources personnel to choose from among applicants those that were wanted for a face-to-face interview. She described how she listened to a middle-aged women describing her accomplishments on the tape recorder. Intrigued by the enthusiasm in the woman's voice, she invited her to an interview. ''We hired her immediately, and recently she was named a supervisor,'' Miss Battagliese said. Informal open houses for job applicants in the evenings and on weekends have also proved successful, she said. As an incentive, those attending receive dinner certificates for two at area restaurants. Currently, however, she acknowledges that there | Careers; Unusual Ways Used In Filling Jobs |
368787_3 | Even today, 80 percent of the $160 million annual budget of the church's world headquarters in Silver Spring, Md., comes from American donors. Today, only 12 percent of Adventists live in North America. About 30 percent live in Africa and 40 percent in Central and South America and the Caribbean. On the question of whether women should be fully ordained, both sides invoked the name of an early church leader, Ellen White, whose written accounts of visions of heaven continue to shape the theology of the church. ''It's not only ironic but appalling that we can't ordain women when our leading founder was Mrs. White, someone we quote more than St. Peter or St. Paul,'' said Capt. Herman Loris Kibble, an Adventist minister who is a Naval chaplain based in Oakland, Calif. Shift in Power The Rev. Mario Veloso, a church official based in Brazil, responded: ''But Mrs. White never accepted ordination. Instead, she followed the biblical pattern, in which only men were ordained for service by God.'' Captain Kibble quoted another California delegate in appealing to third world church members to support the ordination of women. ''We sent our sons and daughters to the mission field where they adjusted to your culture,'' he quoted the woman as saying. ''Will you now give us back a little consideration for our own culture?'' For most of the American delegates, Captain Kibble said, there was no option but to ordain women. ''It's impossible for us to turn back the clock,'' he said. Hurdles in Industrial Nations Mr. Folkenberg, the newly elected president of the international church, said in an interview that Adventists had a much harder time winning adherents in ''first world countries, where materialism and humanism predominate.'' One American associate pastor said that she was worried that the effort to evangelize in North America would be badly hurt by the vote not to ordain women to the full church ministry. The associate, the Rev. Esther Ramharacksingh Knott, was ordained an elder of her Maryland church, but does not have the full authority of ordained men. Mrs. Knott, 31 years old, said the lack of support from the third world members for the full ordination of women came as a great disappointment to her. She said adventists abroad had both a religious and financial interest in keeping the American church healthy and growing. ''By crippling us, they will cripple themselves,'' she said. | Foreign Influence Gains In the Adventist Church |
367174_5 | the sexual revolution and the feminist movement. He predicted that the Catholic Church would allow a married priesthood ''within a decade or two.'' Without it, he said, ''the church stands to lose its most important traditions: the Eucharist, the other sacraments and the hierarchical governing structure.'' Only priests can consecrate the Eucharist, the bread and wine that symbolize the body and blood of Jesus in the sacrament of holy communion. According to the 1990 Official Catholic Directory, there are 53,111 priests in the United States, down from 58,632 in 1965. In that time, the number of Catholics has grown to 57 million from about 45 million. The umbrella organization of married priests, the International Federation of Groups of Married Priests, with affiliates in 24 countries, said a similar exodus was taking place around the world. The group estimates that internationally, 100,000 priests have left in the last 25 years. 'Renewed Priesthood' Sought Corpus, which was founded in 1975, says it is working for a ''renewed priesthood.'' As a first step it would like to see priests who have left to marry returned to full service in the church. It also advocates the right of priests to marry, the ordination of married men and the ordination of women. A New York Times/CBS News Poll taken in 1987 showed that a majority of America's parish priests believe they should be permitted to marry. According to the survey, which polled a random sampling of 855 priests, 55 percent favored allowing priests to marry while 35 percent were opposed. The poll had a margin of sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points. Corpus members point out that the church teaches that priests remain priests forever, even if they resign their ministry or break their vows. Quoting Canon Law, they say that like any priest they can continue to perform sacraments in an emergency. Leo T., however, has not been able to bring himself to leave the active ministry. ''I have a number of graduate degrees,'' he said. ''I could get a job as a therapist or a teacher without any problem. But I am a priest, and I love being a priest.'' Special Reason Is Cited He said he had another reason for remaining: ''There were 13 guys in my class at seminary. And I'm the only one still in the priesthood.'' Leo T.'s job as a military chaplain in the South | Growing Pressures for a Married Priesthood |
367046_2 | ''The whole hiring picture has changed, and the bulk of the recruiting this year has come from firms that did not have much visibility in previous years with us,'' Mrs. Lynn said. For example, the Andersen Consulting Company, an affiliate of Arthur Andersen & Company, the accounting firm, has been ''scooping up all the graduates who might have gone in former years to I.B.M. -about 30 of them this spring,'' according to Mrs. Lynn. Most openings at Andersen Consulting called for systems analysts to help solve business problems for clients. Mrs. Lynn said the students liked the idea of joining Andersen because many graduates in previous years had reached the partner level in the consulting firm. She believes that graduates in recent years tend to stress the quality of life and interest in free time more than they did formerly, and they have less drive for working on a fast track with a big company. ''I saw a 1989 graduate the other day,'' Mrs. Lynn said. ''He had a 3.5 grade point average and had been very active on campus. He came for counseling, saying he was unhappy at I.B.M. and now wants to teach at the high school level.'' As a chemical engineer graduate he could teach physics, mathematics and chemistry, she added. In fact, she said, Rensselaer had recently developed a teaching component so that its engineers or scientists could take courses to fulfill state teaching requirememts. At St. Lawrence University, one antidote to the more competitive job market is the emphasis on double majors, according to Mr. Svete. He cited the example of a 1989 graduate, a psychology major, who now worked for Chicago's Brookfield Zoo. He said the number of double majors had increased almost every year. In an annual follow-up survey of the class of 1989 he found that 79, or more than 14 percent of the class of 553 students, had taken double majors. ''Double majors are on the rise, especially for liberal arts graduates,'' he said, ''because they offer more flexiblity.'' His study, ''What Happened to the Class of 1989?,'' showed that 32 percent obtained jobs through direct application to employers and 29 percent found jobs with the help of personal contacts. He thinks the personal contact route, especially contacts with alumni, will be a growing source of jobs in the future. He plans a survey of the class of 1990 this fall. | Careers; Graduates Find Tighter Job Market |
367200_1 | developed countries should end their protectionist farm policies, there's a good chance of a new trade pact, with benefits for almost all. Disagreements over farm subsidies won't be resolved in Houston. But the leaders can make a crucial start with a ringing declaration to their trade negotiators to phase down farm subsidies. None of the participants arrived in Houston with clean hands. Japan bars rice imports; the U.S. blocks sugar imports from desperately poor Latin American neighbors. Western Europe, however, is the worst sinner. It protects inefficient farmers by blocking imports and keeping internal prices high. It then dumps the enormous surpluses on foreign markets by subsidizing exports. This bailout costs European taxpayers and consumers a whopping $100 billion a year. And low-cost third world farmers are wiped out by the influx of artificially cheap European exports and blocked access to Europe's markets. The monumentally wasteful system is testimony to the political power of Europe's 10 million farmers. The Bush Administration is fighting to turn all this around. Mr. Bush is pressuring Japan and the E.C. to phase out protectionist farm policies. This would hurt protected growers, but help overall U.S. exports. Countries still could provide farmers with income supplements unrelated to production - welfare. But subsidies or any other interference with market prices would end. The Administration's specific recommendation is to convert protectionist policies into tariffs, which would be phased down. The advantage of tariffs is that they are visible and easily monitored. ''Tariffication'' is how industrialized countries eliminated barriers to trading manufactured goods; it's also the best way to handle farm goods. The Europeans prefer to work with an ''aggregate measure'' of protectionism, as yet undefined, which they would lower. That would allow them, for example, to reduce some tariffs and raise others. The problem is that an aggregate measure would be hard to interpret and could easily disguise the impact of specific protectionist policies. The Uruguay Round is beginning to take on the flavor of trade union bargaining. Everyone waits until the midnight deadline to compromise. But delay here could be fatal. The issues are too complicated for a last-minute compromise; and there are scores of countries, each with its own internal constituency, to placate. The leaders meeting in Houston don't need to resolve all the details. But they do have to stand up to farm blocs and give the orders to make the Uruguay Round succeed. | A Summit Challenge: Farm Subsidies |
367241_0 | LEAD: THE largest tropical rain forest in North America is being razed even more rapidly than that of the Amazon and is likely to disappear altogether in this decade unless the Mexican Government takes immediate steps to halt its destruction, scientists and environmental groups here say. THE largest tropical rain forest in North America is being razed even more rapidly than that of the Amazon and is likely to disappear altogether in this decade unless the Mexican Government takes immediate steps to halt its destruction, scientists and environmental groups here say. ''Because of the rapid pace of deforestation,'' the rain forest, the Lacandona jungle in the southeastern Mexican state of Chiapas, has already been ''reduced to the minimum size essential for the integrity of its ecosystem,'' a recent World Bank study concluded. Scientists estimate that 60 percent of the lush but fragile forest, which in 1940 covered 5,000 square miles, making it the size of Connecticut, has been lost since since 1970. More than 1,500 square miles was lost in the last decade. ''This is the decisive moment for the Selva Lacandona,'' Javier de la Maza, a biologist who is the Mexican representative for Conservation International, a leading ecology group, said after a visit to the area last month. ''The decisions the Mexican Government makes in the next few months will determine whether the future of the Lacandona is one of conservation or one of destruction.'' The fate of the Lacandona has become an issue of immediate concern here because Mexico and the World Bank are negotiating a $300 million loan for Chiapas, generally regarded as the poorest part of Mexico, and three other states. In the past, the World Bank has been criticized by some environmental groups for its willingness to help finance economic development projects in the Brazilian Amazon, but the organization is requiring Mexico to develop a thorough environmental protection program as part of the loan package. 'This Is a Test Case' ''We expect a comprehensive program that will at least stop further deterioration,'' one bank official said. ''This is a test case, a litmus test for the Government.'' Later this summer,the Mexican Government is expected to submit a preliminary plan to the bank drawn up by the Ministry of Urban Development and Ecology. But Government officials say they are already doing everything possible to protect the Lacandona and that ecologists' claims of devastation are vastly exaggerated. | Tropical Rain Forest In Mexico Is Facing Destruction in Decade |
367075_3 | Adams dismissed the attempt by the British Northern Ireland Secretary, Peter Brooke, to begin talks among Protestant and Catholic politicians in the province on restoring local government, which was suspended in the early 1970's after the violence resumed. The dialogue, which excludes Sinn Fein, is hung up over the question of how and when the Irish Government in Dublin should be involved. Britain agreed to give Dublin a consultative role in Northern Irish affairs in 1985. A Solution, or an Arrangement? ''He is trying to find an arrangement by which the partition of the country can be maintained,'' Mr. Adams said of Mr. Brooke, speaking in the Ulster accent marked by broad a's spoken by nationalists and loyalists alike. ''I don't think they're interested in a solution, but an arrangement.'' Dermot Finucane, a 29-year-old native of Belfast who escaped to Dublin seven years ago while serving an 18-year sentence for possession of firearms here, said: ''All those deaths are avoidable. All those bombings could stop if all those who are saying they are against violence would actually stop it.'' Mr. Finucane was recaptured in Ireland in 1987, but last March, an Irish high court justice ruled that under Dublin's 1965 extradition act, possession of firearms in the Northern Irish context was a political act, and Mr. Finucane went free. Interviewed in Sinn Fein's offices in Parnell Square in Dublin, he described himself as ''a child of the struggle.'' When he was 8 years old, he said, his father and mother and seven brothers and sisters had to flee their home, in a Protestant neighborhood in Belfast, when they were told they'd be ''getting it'' if they didn't leave. Two brothers, he said, joined ''active service units'' of the I.R.A. A third, Patrick, was a well-known lawyer who was assassinated by a Protestant paramilitary squad early last year, after a remark by a British Government minister about close links between terrorists and the lawyers who defend them. Violence as Protection ''All there was in the area was death and destruction,'' Dermot Finucane said. ''All there is to protect you is violence.'' Sir Kenneth Bloomfield, the senior Government civil servant here, made a speech in Kilkenny in June that deplored violence on both sides but acknowledged that there were deep reasons for it. ''Nothing is more important than to make it possible for people in Northern Ireland to live without fear and | In Northern Ireland, a Centuries-Old Conflict Is on the March |
367236_8 | membership in their group, and affirms their shared values. But it's also crucial that it is their sexuality that defines homosexuals as outsiders. If you feel insecure about your own sexuality, as so many adolescents do, you can reassure yourself by attacking gays.'' A Steady Rise in Violence An exact accounting of such violence against gays is difficult, since many victims are reluctant to contact the police. But there were three times more attacks against gays reported to the New York Police Department Bias Crime Unit in the first half of 1990 as against the same period the year before. In 1989 just over 7,000 incidents of violence and harassment were reported against gay men and lesbians in the United States, including 62 bias-motivated murders, according to a report released last month by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. The figures through the 1980's show a steady rise, peaking in 1988 and remaining at about the same level in 1989. While most racial attacks are matters of turf in which people are attacked when they enter into another group's neighborhood, that is not so with homosexuals. Those who attack gays more often travel to a gay neighborhood to attack, Ms. Lichtenstein said. The most frequent pattern of attack, according to Ms. Lichtenstein, is against a lone man or two men walking together. As with other bias crimes, the most frequent attackers are young men 21 or under who act in groups, according to a study of 331 incidents, to be published in an article by Kevin T. Berrill, director of the anti-violence project of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, in the September issue of The Journal of Interpersonal Violence. ''The attacks are intended to drive us back to the invisibility and isolation of the closet,'' Mr. Berrill said. ''Coming out'' is one of the most powerful strategies for attacking anti-gay prejudice, Dr. Herek said. This approach is particularly effective on those whose anti-gay attitudes are based on a negative stereotype that has never been challenged by socializing with someone who is gay. Paradoxically, that approach may also lead to a rise in anti-gay incidents, gay rights leaders say. ''Although the data might suggest that intolerance is gaining ground, I believe the opposite is true,'' Mr. Berrill said. ''In the years to come, I think that lesbian and gay people will experience both increased acceptance and increased violence.'' | Homophobia: Scientists Find Clues To Its Roots |
370566_9 | ignore or defuse content. No matter how obsessively these two artists sought a formal perfection that could objectify their images and fix them in the imagination, there is no clear unity of form and content in their photographs. Their art does not offer a sense of an overriding order and harmony. Their works, like ''The Decade Show,'' reflect an America in which everything seems fragmented and harmony hardly even seems to be a dream. Why Europe Is Part Of the Argument Part of the argument over the word quality has to do with Europe. Both sides misinterpret European art through Formalist, art-for-art's sake eyes. Both sides identify the word quality with European esthetics. Both sides assume that to believe in the word quality is to believe in the primacy of form and thus in the primacy of European art. But from the Parthenon to Poussin to Manet to Mondrian, content, not form, has guided European art. The idea of the primacy of content over form is itself part of the European tradition. It was essential to Dada, and it was certainly present in the Christian catacombs and other underground meeting places where persecuted sects communicated their religious messages in the most direct visual way possible. The Endless Quest For 'Esthetic Emotion' There is a link between notions of quality and form and what has been called esthetic emotion, which has also had many meanings over the years. Esthetic emotion has often resulted when the form of a painting or sculpture was particularly magisterial or inventive. Esthetic emotion has something to do with what people have felt climbing Greek and Mexican temples, or standing inside a French cathedral or the Hagia Sophia, or gazing at the paintings of Piero della Francesca, Matisse or Tao-chi, or feeling the ferocious intensity of sculptures by Michelangelo, the Aztecs or the Egyptians. It is an experience at once personal and impersonal, specific and general. It is rooted in the object but it also suggests something beyond the object. It suggests the depth of feeling and knowledge of which human beings are capable. It brings with it an intensified awareness of life and death. It is related to the experience of revelation and love and is ultimately just as resistant to theory and language. Indeed it suggests that what is most profound can never be analyzed or held in words. Esthetic emotion brings with it both | Is 'Quality' An Idea Whose Time Has Gone? |
370595_2 | example, it has already ruled that no gambling will take place while the boats are docked. Because the two states passed their gambling laws to promote tourism, it seems likely that the Iowa commission and the Illinois board will require the applicants to base their boats in economically depressed cities such as Rock Island and Moline on the Mississippi River and Sioux City on the Missouri River. The boats will venture on short excursions - say, four hours or less - during which those on board will be free to try their luck at everything from one-armed bandits to baccarat. Illinois and Iowa both have provisions in their laws requiring the boat operators to include entertainment for minors. The arrival of the boats, which will likely be designed to be reminiscent of 19th-century paddleboats or casino cruise ships, should also spur development. A number of the prospective boat operators in Illinois, for instance, have said they would build hotels and restaurants in the state if their licenses were granted. And in Iowa, one of the licensees, John Connelly, an entrepreneur who operates riverboats in Pittsburgh and St. Louis, has committed to spending $90 million to renovate an existing hotel in Davenport and to build a new hotel and promenade nearby. ERIC N. BERG German Booklet For Visiting Jews For the first time, the German National Tourist Office has produced a brochure aimed specifically at Jewish travelers. The 40-page ''Germany for the Jewish Traveler'' includes a history of Jewish communities in several West German cities, advice on contacting the local rabbi and information on obtaining kosher food. Synagogues and Jewish cemeteries are also listed. The brochure begins with a four-page summary of the history of the Jews in Germany, with emphasis on the Holocaust. In addition to Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich and major cities, some lesser-known communities with sites of interest to Jewish visitors are described, including Augsburg, Furth and Bamberg. There are also sections on the Bergen-Belsen and Dachau death camps. Copies of ''Germany for the Jewish Traveler'' are available free from the German National Tourist Office, 747 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017. Grounded Ship Set to Return 1 The cruise ship Bermuda Star, grounded since striking a reef near the Cape Cod Canal June 10, is scheduled to take to the seas again July 28. The Bermuda Star Line ship has been in Brooklyn undergoing repairs to its hull, | Travel Advisory |
370569_3 | Mario Cuomo (whose name he pronounces ''Coo-mo,'' in imitation, he says, of ''the Reverend Jackson,'' whose name Mr. Limbaugh speaks in hushed tones) and Mikhail S. Gorbachev. He lays claim to having invented the term ''Gorbasm'' to describe the sensation aroused in some Americans by the sight of the Soviet leader. Mr. Limbaugh can be amusing as well as nasty while he sprinkles tidbits of news or invention, like the item about a talented elephant in Atlanta whose watercolors were put on display in an art exhibit and the disclosure that Raisa Gorbachev has ''bonded'' with the Bush dog, Millie. In the time left between jokey harangues, news reports and commercials, Mr. Limbaugh accepts a few calls. Some admirers just want to tell him how swell he is, an assessment with which he has no quarrel. He pays them off by reporting that ''the homeless advocacy in this country is based on fraud,'' that ''in most cases AIDS is behaviorally spread'' and that the fuss over the spotted owl is the work of ''just a bunch of leftist whacko environmentalists.'' Mr. Limbaugh is in the business of telling his fans what they want to hear. There is no conversation worth the word. It's a performance, with the callers evidently content to play the part of straight men to the star's top banana - although the funniest line on the C-Span episode came from a caller named Jack, who told Mr. Limbaugh, ''You've given me some intellectual material to ponder.'' On Chicago's WGCI-AM, Cliff Kelley specializes in the sort of views that Mr. Limbaugh loves to kick around. One caller complimented ''Brother Cliff'' on being ''the most outspoken black-power brother in the country.'' Most of the callers, like Mr. Kelley himself, a former Chicago alderman, are black, and the pre-eminent target is white racism. The program's guests on the sample show were the Rev. Louis Farrakhan and Gus Savage, a Democratic Congressman from Chicago. Mr. Kelley conducted the Farrakhan interview as though it were a commercial for the Nation of Islam, and he found nothing to quarrel with in Representative Savage's compliments for Mr. Farrakhan and Al Sharpton or in the Congressman's attack on Mayor Dinkins for supporting the white mayor of Chicago, Richard M. Daley, for re-election. But the mild-mannered host did serve as a mollifying force between a few dissenting white callers and Mr. Savage, whose method of dealing | C-Span Dials Call-In Radio And Gets Quite an Earful |
370600_1 | time going to a pay phone. I waited for an opportunity to rent a cellular phone to test other uses This summer, the Budget car-rental counter at the Minneapolis airport offered a portable cellular phone for $4.95 a day plus a per-minute charge for use, and we took it. At first it was a frustrating toy, but we worked out the kinks. The best use was while we were out tramping through the longhorns' pastures and were able to announce the birth of a calf to other family members so they could come and look. We got a sharp signal on three long-distance calls home. But on the value I envisioned - calling for help if a rental car broke down in the country - it was a disappointment, because nationally the network of towers that carry cellular phone signals is more gap than net. Much wider coverage is not far off, particularly in rural areas, according to Wayne DuBois of BellSouth Mobility, which operates a cellular system. The trade publication Cellular Business expects 48-state coverage by the end of 1991. But our problem was that our cellular phone was not set up to ''roam'' out of its home area. As we drove south from the Twin Cities, we got a flashing ''no service'' signal about 50 miles from downtown Minneapolis. Had it been set up to roam, using the towers of other systems, we should have been able to pick up again in Waterloo, Iowa, but it was not adjusted to do this. For anyone who wants to rent a cellular phone, either built into the auto, or one in a carrying case, which operates with batteries and an antenna, or by plugging into the car lighter outlet, there are certain urgent matters to attend to. First, the phone is tricky for a novice. The units are all supposed to have instruction books, but we got none. If you do not get a booklet, have the clerk take you through turning the phone on, dialing and getting an answer. The clerk assured us that the directions on the decal on the device would be adequate, but the decal did not specify the number of the phone itself, nor did the rental contract, though it was supposed to, according to Budget. The last three digits of this number formed the code that unlocked the phone for use, so after I | Practical Traveler; A New Rental Car Option: the Mobile Phone |
370634_0 | LEAD: Saving and rehabilitating old buildings has become so common in the last few years that it is tempting to think of the whole process as easy - after all, if no one is clamoring any longer to tear a landmark down, hasn't the hardest battle been won? Not necessarily: roughly 15 years passed between the departure of the New York City Police Department from its old headquarters at 240 Centre Street in Manhattan and that building's reopening last year as a strikingly elegant cooperative apartment building; an even longer period elapsed between the abandonment of the old Association Saving and rehabilitating old buildings has become so common in the last few years that it is tempting to think of the whole process as easy - after all, if no one is clamoring any longer to tear a landmark down, hasn't the hardest battle been won? Not necessarily: roughly 15 years passed between the departure of the New York City Police Department from its old headquarters at 240 Centre Street in Manhattan and that building's reopening last year as a strikingly elegant cooperative apartment building; an even longer period elapsed between the abandonment of the old Association Residence, a Victorian Gothic landmark on Amsterdam Avenue at 103d Street, and its reopening this past spring as the largest youth hostel in North America. And it was almost a decade between the time architects were hired to restore Borough Hall in Brooklyn and the completion of that work last year. Not one of these buildings had been in much danger of being torn down, at least not recently. All that time went to fixing them up, or trying to find the money to fix them up, not struggling to save them from demolition. Each of these projects is a saga of architecture, money and politics. What ties them together, beyond the fact that all three are important New York landmarks that took an exceptionally long time to renovate, is that they are all exemplary pieces of restoration. In each case the cost in time and money was considerable - and in each case it was worth it, so much so that these three buildings together stand as a benchmark for preservation efforts everywhere, far beyond New York. They remind us not only that the business of historic preservation is no picnic but also, and much more important, how ennobling the results can | Three New York City Success Stories |
370606_22 | let one species go because you want to clear another mile of road,'' Wilson says heatedly, ''seems to me obscene.'' With 40 to 50 million acres of tropical rain forest disappearing each year, Wilson estimates we are now losing as many as 100,000 species a year. When loggers cleared a mountaintop in Ecuador, 38 plant species exclusive to that site disappeared, forever. In most cases, there is no way of knowing what is being lost. Scientists have formally identified 1.4 million species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, but recent studies indicate there may be as many as 30 million kinds of insects alone. Wilson is nearly evangelical in spreading the word of impending catastrophe and proposing solutions. He's good at it, too. Asked what he thinks Wilson will be remembered for, Thomas E. Lovejoy, assistant secretary of internal affairs at the Smithsonian Institution and former vice president of the World Wildlife Fund, says: ''A few years ago I would have said sociobiology, but what he's doing today is critical. Wilson is one of the real leaders in evolutionary and behavioral biology. He's a wonderful spokesperson because information that's unattainable and mysterious he makes crystal clear. He really gets to people.'' Wilson, like most of today's activist scientists, now focuses on economics as a prime incentive for preserving biodiversity. The greatest hope for biodiversity today, as expressed last year in a report to the National Science Foundation by 11 noted scientists, lies in giving third-world countries, which contain most of the world's tropical forests, an economic incentive to preserve their natural environments. For example, they could be encouraged to develop economies based on new forest products that would not require vast clearing of land. At least 50,000 plant species have edible parts, but man relies heavily on only about 20 of these. One plant with vast commercial potential, the winged bean of New Guinea, has been called a one-species supermarket: its roots, seeds, leaves, stems and flowers are all edible. Besides bringing economic prosperity to developing countries, Wilson argues, an intact forest system would help mitigate the greenhouse effect. Trees that aren't burned to clear land for unsustainable agriculture would convert carbon dioxide to oxygen; moreover, trees saved would reduce present levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere. As for what Americans can do to save the rain forest, Wilson is typically, perhaps naively, optimistic. He believes in the political system; | The Ant Man |
370441_3 | is 64. There is also the delicate and painful question of what to do with religious leaders who were compromised by their ties with Communist governments. In Romania, where church leaders had praised the dictator Nicolae Ceausescu for years, Patriarch Teoctist, head of the Romanian Orthodox Church, was forced into retirement along with two bishops of the Reformed Church. After the Patriarch re-emerged from retirement in April, church leaders elected a politically uncompromised 39-year-old bishop to be Metropolitan of Moldavia, the Patriarch's likely successor. Amid the confusion, new religious ventures sprout weekly. In March, Czechoslovakia's 200 Mormons re-established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Prague and began planning mission efforts in Poland and Hungary. In May the Argentine-born American evangelist Luis Palau mounted a crusade in Romania. Some believers would like to help order all the chaos by establishing Christian Democratic parties to advance broad religious ideals as well as protect church interests. The Primate of Poland, Joseph Cardinal Glemp, is believed to favor this approach. Senior Catholic officials in Romania backed the Christian Democratic National Peasants Party. Others hope church officials will keep their distance. ''I'm afraid that the adjective 'Christian' will be abused by people who want not so much to be inspired by Christianity as to use its force for their own ends,'' said the Rev. Bronislaw Dembowski, dean of the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in Warsaw. He also voiced fears of religiously reinforced nationalism and its impact on minority groups throughout Eastern Europe. In Poland itself, members of the Lutheran and Eastern Orthodox churches as well as a few thousand Jews exist in a population 95 percent Catholic. Michael Klinger, an Orthodox Christian professor of theology in Warsaw, said, ''For me personally, this nationalistic influence on the church and through the church is very dangerous.'' Poland's Catholic bishops have called for restoration of religious instruction in the nation's public schools, a practice that existed before World War II. They quickly encountered criticism from government officials, representatives of Protestant and Orthodox churches and Catholics who believe that their church should stick with the network it has built of parish-based classes. In East Germany local school officials invited churches to provide instruction in their classrooms, perhaps with an eye to West Germany, where religious teaching has been a regular part of public schooling. Hungary has announced a plan to introduce religious instruction as an option | In Eastern Europe's Churches, Triumph Leads to Uncertainty |
370321_6 | Zick said, ''when you can literally find a flavor profile reaching all aspects of consumption.'' The next trend? Peanut-based sauces from Southeast Asia, he said. Mr. Zick has already spotted several frozen chicken entrees that offer a peanut sauce glaze. ''Just wait,'' he said, ''It is going to end up on a potato chip.'' THE BIG PLAYERS IN AN ARCANE INDUSTRY CHICAGO IN the flavor industry, a head cold might jeopardize your job. So said James A. Steinke, apparently with taste buds in cheek. He is director of flavor development for Fries & Fries Inc., which with $65 million in sales last year is one of the nation's largest flavor houses. ''We have 30 people,'' he said. ''If they lost their sense of taste, they would no longer have a value to this company.'' Mr. Steinke was referring to the band of scientists and technicians who practice the art of creating flavors from such raw materials as bark and oil extracts or chemicals. Flavor houses might brag about their endless varieties of tastes, but seldom about their client lists, which often include highly competitive food companies. The flavor industry has national sales of about $650 million a year, more than a quarter of the world's total, according to Michael E. Davis, president of Fries & Fries. The flavors division of International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. says it is the world's largest single producer, with sales of $328 million in 1989. The company is also one of the world's leading makers of fragrant ingredients for soaps, perfumes and the like. Fries & Fries, now a division of the IMCERA Group Inc., a chemical and medical products company, was founded in 1913 by two brothers who initially made only vanilla. Like any fraternity, the flavor industry reveres its legendary figures, including the flavorist who came up with a strawberry taste for General Foods. Now, berry flavors come in seemingly endless varieties. At the Fries & Fries laboratories in Cincinnati, debates rage over the merits of an Oregon raspberry versus a California raspberry as a flavor model. When Mr. Steinke dispatched a team to develop a seedy, more natural-tasting raspberry flavor, his scientists derided the vagueness with which he described the quest. ''Red or black raspberry?,'' one of them asked. Another variable: how ripe the raspberry flavor should be. The industry maintains immense flavor libraries. Fries & Fries has more than 3,000 active | The People Who Are Putting Taste Back on the Table |
372044_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: ''Preaching to Brazil From Hawaii'' (editorial, July 24) gives credence to the ill-founded rumors that ''Brazil is the world's third-largest creator of greenhouse gases, after the United States and the Soviet Union.'' Such rumors originated in a recent report from the World Resources Institute. Its figures regarding Brazil are plainly wrong. Recent data obtained by the Space Research Institute of Brazil, independently confirmed by NASA studies, indicate that: * Deforestation in the Amazon has been progressing at a near-constant rate since 1974 and not exponentially as predicted by the World Bank. * Average rate of deforestation from 1978 to 1989 is 21,800 square kilometers a year (2.2 million hectares). This rate of deforestation is four times less than the numbers used by the World Resources Institute report. * Total deforested area until 1989 was 394,000 square kilometers (93,000 early this century). * Deforestation in Rondonia and Para has declined considerably. * The contribution of deforestation in the Amazon to carbon dioxide emissions is estimated as 0.25 gigatons per year, about 3.7 percent (not 10.5 percent) of all CO#2 emissions. The Brazilian Government recognizes that the deforestation rate of Amazon forest is still too high, and is trying successfully to curtail it. The subsidies, tax incentives and special credits conducive to forest destruction have been stopped. However, millions of people live there who burn parts of the forest to convert it into subsistence agriculture land. Relocation of populations might be a future way to attract such people to other areas of the country, but Brazilians don't want to use the same argument used by some developed countries that such actions are not cost-effective. They are already acting, and a reforestation project in denuded areas in Carajas has been started. These efforts alone will not ''stabilize greenhouse gas emissions,'' as recommended by the Group of Seven in Houston. Deforestation in the Amazon contributes less than 4 percent to worldwide CO#2 emissions. Industrialized countries need to act too, e.g., by reducing fossil-fuel burning, which is responsible for some 60 percent of all CO#2 emissions. Only a concerted effort of industrialized and developing countries in this matter will lead to a solution. JOSE GOLDEMBERG Secty. for Science and Technology Brasilia, July 24, 1990 | Letter: On Ecology; Brazil's Small Share of the Greenhouse |
365681_0 | LEAD: A NEW invention that is about to be tested at sea promises to give scientists a view of marine life that until now has been hidden from humans. A NEW invention that is about to be tested at sea promises to give scientists a view of marine life that until now has been hidden from humans. The system combines newly developed sonar techniques and advanced computer processing to produce three-dimensional computer pictures of ocean animals and their activities. The inventor, Dr. Jules S. Jaffe, a researcher at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., has received a 30-month grant to test the electronics system at sea. The $483,000 grant was awarded by the National Science Foundation as part of a large-scale research program called Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics. Dr. Jaffe now operates a protype system in a 5,000-gallon tank at the University of California in San Diego. He expects that within two years, the system will be towed behind research ships as they move along the ocean surface, collecting huge amounts of biological data. The system basically consists of a submerged acoustical transmitting and receiving array combined with shipboard computers. High-frequency, noninvasive sound waves are sent out from this array, bouncing back from marine animals. From these reflected sounds a map is made of the position and size of the animals. When processed by a computer, these maps produce three-dimensional moving pictures of animal activities. Although the use of sound scattering has been used by fishermen since the 1930's to find schools of fish, only recently has the technique been refined for use as a research tool. But current systems are limited in their ability to obtain full three-dimensional data of moving sea life. Dr. Jaffe says the new system is designed to overcome these problems and eventually to give scientists a better understanding of marine animals as they react to each other and to environmental changes. SCIENCE WATCH | New View of Ocean |
372893_7 | fish with suspected carcinogens like nitrites, and they ate few fresh vegetables and fruits, which contain anti-oxidants and other compounds thought to act as anti-cancer agents. Other researchers note that in the past, doctors and dentists were more cavalier in using X-rays and other forms of high-energy, or ionizing, radiation, now known to mutate DNA and wreak destruction in cells. A number of researchers are now investigating the possibility that even low-energy, or non-ionizing, radiation, may somehow promote the growth of brain tumors. They contend that electromagnetic fields from power lines, power stations and even common household appliances can be a health hazard. But many experts dispute those assertions. They say that, unlike ionizing radiation, which strips apart atoms and damages DNA, electricity is non-ionizing and is not thought to mutate genetic material. Nevertheless, some experts suggest electromagnetic fields could subtly increase the risk of cancer, particularly high-voltage currents and alternating currents generated by large power stations and substations. Writing in a recent issue of The New Yorker, the journalist Paul Brodeur discussed an apparent cluster of brain tumors on a street in Guilford, Conn., near a power substation. In a report in May, the Environmental Protection Agency said that there was a possible link between cancer and low-level electromagnetic fields, but that there still was not enough evidence to conclude that the fields directly caused cancer. In one study, Dr. David A. Savitz, an epidemiologist at the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, and colleagues considered all cases of childhood cancer from 1976 to 1983 in the Denver area. Samples Are Small They concluded that children who live near power lines that expose them to powerful electromagnetic fields had a 50 percent greater chance of developing brain tumors than those who did not live near power lines. But they said the samples were small and other potential health hazards in the environments considered had not been ruled out. Many experts insist the studies are inconclusive and contradictory. ''People are being very much alarmed over something for which there is no real evidence whatsoever,'' said Dr. Eleanor R. Adair of the John B. Pierce Laboratory at the Center for Research in Health and the Environment, an affiliate of Yale University. ''Electricity has been around for a long, long time, and people's life expectancy has nearly doubled since the invention of the light bulb.'' | Rising Incidence of Brain Tumors Is Drawing Attention and Concern |
372896_4 | Latin America, for instance, owe some of their character to the intervention of humans who planted and transplanted trees and other plants throughout the jungle. And the supposedly unspoiled Serengeti plain of Africa, some ecologists are convinced, owes its tremendous abundance of grazing animals at least partly to human-set fires that created savanna habitats. The real question, ecologists say, is which sort of human interventions should be promoted and which opposed. One of the biggest human interventions, some say, is taking place now as people pour heat-trapping chemicals, mainly carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. Many climatologists expect that this will cause the Earth's climate to warm significantly, causing especially widespread ecological dislocation. The temperature of the earth has shifted up and down many times in past eons, ecologists point out, and ecosystems have always adjusted. But this human intervention, scientists say, threatens to force, in a century or less, vast climatic and ecological changes that have usually taken millennia. Ecologists fear that this time, ecosystems will not adjust rapidly enough to stave off catastrophe for many species. Moreover, some ecologists say, natural disruptions promote diversity of species in a forest, for example, by opening up gaps and patches where different plants can grow than grew before. But they say also that people are eliminating some of this diversity. ''We threaten that variability because we want to manage everything like cornfields,'' said Dr. Julie Denslow, a tropical ecologist at Tulane University. There is, she said, ''a whole camp of us'' opposed to this ''horrible homogenizing.'' The new view of nature poses difficulties for conservationists and environmentalists who want to preserve things in their natural condition, scientists say, since the question now becomes: If change is constant, what is the natural state? What, for instance, is the natural condition of the Adirondacks, where a spirited argument is going on about whether ''rough'' fish like suckers, shiners and chubs should be killed and removed from some ponds to make way for trout. People on one side of the argument, citing a state policy that aims to ''perpetuate natural aquatic ecosystems'' in the area, say that the rough fish represent the natural condition and that the ponds should be preserved in that condition. Others say that at least some rough fish are descendants of baitfish brought in by humans and that they have crowded out trout that flourished there earlier. Is either of these | New Eye on Nature: The Real Constant Is Eternal Turmoil |
365135_2 | red-orange cliffs - and the Royal Gorge, with stone walls 1,055 deep. Along the way are hot springs, wildlife including mule deer, blue heron, bobcats and Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, and spectacular views of the Rockies. Fourteen entities - including Federal, state and local organizations and private landowners - joined hands to form the area. The state issues all permits for fishing and boating, and coordination of permits is designed to avoid congestion. Several fishing and boating sites charge $1 a person a day; permits are sold at self-service dispensers at the various sites or at the Arkansas Headwaters Recreation office, which is in the town of Salida. Plans call for creating boat launches, access sites for fishing, adding and improving picnic and wildlife viewing areas, some equipped for handicapped visitors, and putting in parking lots. A brochure including a map and a chart listing the services is available from the Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area, Post Office Box 126, Salida, Colo. 81201 (719-539-7289). Making Sure Of Italian Lire Caravaggio, Bernini, Volta, Bellini, Galileo and Marco Polo. Those are the names matching elegant portraits on Italian currency in 100,000- , 50,000- , 10,000- , 5,000- , 2,000- and 1,000-lire denominations. Remembering the name, the portrait and the denomination will make counting change in Italy easier in a time when old currency can still crop up. During the 1980's several changes were made in Italian money. Among them were the appearance of a new 1,000-lire note with a bearded Marco Polo on one side and the Doges' Palace in Venice on the other, and a new 50,000-lire note with the sculptor Bernini and an equestrian statue of the Emperor Constantine. Though currency traders can help travelers sort out which old notes are still redeemable at a bank, and which have no value anymore, traders at Harold Reuter & Company foreign currency exchange in New York suggest that one simply accept only valid paper currency. A helpful aside: Italian paper currency (with the exception of the 2,000-lire note) is graduated in length. If one is holding a handful of various lire notes and gets lost among the many zeros, line them up at one end, and the 100,000-lire note will be longer than the 10,000-lire note, which in turn will be longer than the 1,000-lire note. Ford's Theater Museum Open WASHINGTON After a two-year renovation, the museum at Ford's Theater, where President Abraham | TRAVEL ADVISORY |
365232_1 | of paying for treatment for her two emotionally disabled sons, one of whom threw televisions and nearly committed suicide. ''I spent everything,'' she said. ''We have no furniture.'' The mother of an 18-year-old schizophrenic described her own life as isolated and nightmarish. Support and Advocacy The parents were attending a support group of HEAL, the Help, Education and Advocacy League of the Mental Health Association of Connecticut. Like three other such groups recently established around the state, it gives parents opportunities to share their experiences in caring for youngsters who have mental and emotional problems. The league also works to educate the public and the state legislature on matters related to the mental health of children. The formation of the league and its support groups represents ''an idea whose time has come,'' said Randy McGovern, associate director of advocacy and education for the mental health association, a nonprofit organization based in Wethersfield. She said that people attach a stigma to mental illness and do not address it as they do other handicaps. Advocacy for mentally ill children is relatively new in Connecticut, she said. What's Most Needed At the meeting in New London, Mrs. McGovern listened quietly and occasionally offered suggestions as parents described their children's problems; told of their experiences with school systems, state agencies and insurance companies, and cited the kinds of help they needed. Mrs. McGovern said that her organization wanted to know what the parents needed most. Several said that talking to one another was most helpful. ''I come here to have somebody say, 'You're going to live through this,' '' said the mother of the schizophrenic. ''There's only so much you can dump on a spouse,'' said a woman whose 6-year-old daughter was recently diagnosed as psychotic. ''It's good to laugh with people who are not shocked or condemning,'' said the woman with two sons. ''People really don't know what to say,'' another parent observed. Successes and Problems The parents shared successes as well as problems. One woman said that her son was doing better this year and had even been accepted - despite a severe reading problem - in a summer program requiring considerable academic skill. Her listeners cheered as she noted that the program organizers were willing to work around her son's difficulty. All spoke in a matter-of-fact tone about their youngsters' behavior -including verbal abuse, bizarre eating episodes, failure in school and | Disturbed Children Focus of Parents' Group |
365162_0 | LEAD: As many as nine million Americans at all income levels could pay for college and vocational training by borrowing from the Social Security surplus, under a newly proposed educational loan program. As many as nine million Americans at all income levels could pay for college and vocational training by borrowing from the Social Security surplus, under a newly proposed educational loan program. The proposal, by a group of economists, comes as college tuitions continue to climb, American workers need new skills to compete in a changing economy and Federal loans and grants become harder for both low- and middle-income students to get. Under the plan, outlined on Thursday in a paper by the Economic Policy Institute, a liberal research organization, students and workers could borrow up to $40,000 from a revolving loan fund for college and vocational training, paying back the money over 25 years through automatic deductions from their paychecks. The loan fund would draw on the surplus in the Social Security Trust Fund, the money collected from Social Security payroll taxes that is now helping to pay for the Federal budget deficit. Barry Bluestone, an economist at the University of Massachusetts who is a co-author of the plan, said it had several advantages over the existing Federal student loan program. Federal loans with subsidized low-interest rates are now restricted to students whose families earn no more than $28,000, a cut-off that excludes many students from middle-income families. Students are also defaulting on the loans at record rates, costing the United States Treasury an estimated $1.5 billion a year. The new program would be available to students regardless of family income. Repayments would be guaranteed by automatic payroll deductions and would be set as a percentage of future income, giving students the freedom to choose professions like teaching rather than be forced to select high-paying jobs because they are burdened by debt. Interest rates for the loans would be slightly higher than for federally subsidized loans, slightly under 10 percent, but the longer repayment period would counterbalance that, Mr. Bluestone said. Proposals to borrow from the Social Security surplus, however, are politically volatile. The surplus was created in 1983, when Social Security payroll taxes were increased so that enough money would accumulate to pay benefits for the large baby-boom generation that is expected to retire starting about 20 years from now. This surplus is now used to help | Social Security Fund for Tuition Is Proposed |
367716_0 | LEAD: After blocking new worldwide environmental initiatives at the economic summit meeting here, President Bush attacked domestic critics of his stand today, insisting that he had defended American jobs from the assault of a radical fringe. After blocking new worldwide environmental initiatives at the economic summit meeting here, President Bush attacked domestic critics of his stand today, insisting that he had defended American jobs from the assault of a radical fringe. The leaders of the world's seven richest nations declined to adopt a West German proposal to set limits on the emissions of gases that contribute to global warming. Instead, they opted for an experimental program involving a single nation, Brazil. In the only new environmental initiative in the final communique issued at the summit meeting today, the leaders adopted another German proposal to preserve tropical rain forests. They proposed that the World Bank develop a pilot program for Brazil to ease the financial burdens of restraining development activity there that has destroyed vast sections of rain forest. Compromise Is Acknowledged West Germany's Chancellor, Helmut Kohl, acknowledged today that the summit leaders had compromised by turning away from his proposals on global warming because ''the situation is different in the United States.'' President Bush said at a news conference this afternoon, ''I think we came out with a reasoned position, not a radical position that's going to throw a lot of American men and women out of jobs.'' During the meetings here President Bush has come under fire from environmental groups who came to Houston to lobby for forceful action. Today, the President answered back in a rare display of public anger. He said: ''We cannot govern by listening to the loudest voice on the extreme of an environmental movement. And I did not rely heavily on them for support in getting elected President of the United States. And I'm not going to be persuaded that I can get some brownie points by appealing to one of these groups or another.'' Monitoring Coalition Some 150 environmental organizations from the seven summit nations formed a coalition called ''Envirosummit'' to monitor their governments' actions here. On Sunday, the environmentalists released what they called a ''scorecard'' on each of the seven nations criticizing their failure to fulfill promises made at last year's summit meeting in Paris. Assessing American actions in the past year, Jay Hair, president of the National Wildlife Federation, said, ''Bush's | Bush Defends Blocking Kohl Environment Plan |
367707_0 | LEAD: The ruling body of the Seventh-day Adventist Church voted today to continue current practice and bar the ordination of women. The ruling body of the Seventh-day Adventist Church voted today to continue current practice and bar the ordination of women. Delegates to the church's 55th world conference voted along geographical lines, 1,173 to 377, to accept a commission's report that ordaining women would be disruptive to the world church and should not be allowed. The greatest support for women's ordination came from European and North American delegates. Those from Africa, Asia and South America overwhelmingly opposed letting women preach the Gospel. The delegates' vote against ordaining women is binding on all congregations in the church. | Seventh-day Adventists Vote To Bar Ordination of Women |
367667_1 | were found. But the study did not find evidence that the regimen prevented broken hips, which are a less frequent but more serious hazard of osteoporosis, which afflicts an estimated 15 million Americans, mostly women. The research is being reported today in The New England Journal of Medicine. The etidronate-calcium regimen would presumably also benefit men with osteoporosis, Dr. Nelson B. Watts of Emory University, who headed the team from seven medical centers that did the study, said in an interview. In an editorial in the same issue of the journal, Dr. B. Lawrence Riggs of the Mayo Clinic and Foundation in Rochester, Minn., said etidronate was ''a welcome new option'' for treatment of osteoporosis. ''In contrast to the pessimistic view held by many only a few years ago, it is now clear that postmenopausal osteoporosis can be treated effectively,'' he said. Licensed for Another Use Etidronate has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating osteoporosis. But the drug has been marketed for several years for treating another bone condition, Paget's disease. The drug's maker is Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Procter & Gamble division. Norwich Eaton has said it plans to apply to the F.D.A. for approval to market etidronate for osteoporosis. Doctors are free to prescribe a licensed drug for a new use, and it is expected that many will prescribe etidronate for osteoporosis in the wake of the new report. Dr. Watts said he expected etidronate, if licensed for osteoporosis, to become the treatment of choice for the bone disease because of its safety, effectiveness and ease of administration. Dr. Riggs said that while etidronate was ''a major new advance'' that would be widely used, it would be premature to say it would be the leading treatment. He said he expected many doctors and patients to continue to use estrogen and calcitonin in fashioning treatment according to each patient's needs. Two Other Therapies The Federal drug agency has licensed two other therapies for osteoporosis, the hormones estrogen and calcitonin. The hormones are used to prevent bone loss; by contrast, the new treatment appears to strengthen weakened bone, the researchers said. Two other experimental therapies are also being studied: sodium fluoride and an intranasal form of calcitonin. Sodium fluoride has been shown to build bone mass, but the bone that results is structurally flawed and weaker than normal. Other experts and the National Osteoporosis | New Therapy Shown to Fight Bone Loss in Elderly |
367683_10 | debt reduction, debt-service reduction and new money. 60. Creditor governments have also provided special support for the poorest countries through the implementation of Toronto terms in Paris Club reschedulings. All of us have canceled official development assistance (ODA) debt for the poorest countries. We encourage the Paris Club to review the implementation of the existing options that apply to the poorest countries. Environment 62. One of our most important responsibilities is to pass on to future generations an environment whose health, beauty, and economic potential are not threatened. Environmental challenges such as climate change, ozone depletion, deforestation, marine pollution, and loss of biological diversity require closer and more effective international cooperation and concrete action. We, as industrialized countries, have an obligation to be leaders in meeting these challenges. We agree that, in the face of threats of irreversible environmental damage, lack of full scientific certainty is no excuse to postpone actions which are justified in their own right. We recognize that strong, growing, market-oriented economies provide the best means for successful environmental protection. 63. Climate change is of key importance. We are committed to undertake common efforts to limit emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide. We strongly support the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and look forward to the release of its full report in August. The Second World Climate Conference provides the opportunity for all countries to consider the adoption of strategies and measures for limiting or stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions, and to discuss an effective international response. We reiterate our support for the negotiation of a framework convention on climate change, under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The convention should be completed by 1992. Work on appropriate implementing protocols should be undertaken as expeditiously as possible and should consider all sources. Narcotics 75. We urge all nations to accede to and complete ratification of the U.N. Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (the Vienna Convention), and to apply provisionally terms of the convention. 77. We support the declaration adopted at the ministerial meeting on drugs convened by the United Kingdom that drug demand reduction should be accorded the same importance in policy and action as the reduction of illicit supply. Developed countries should adopt stronger prevention efforts and assist demand reduction initiatives in other countries. THE HOUSTON SUMMIT | Excerpts From Economic Declaration by Chiefs of Seven Industrial Nations |
367692_0 | LEAD: The Houston summit meeting resolved no important dispute. The leaders of the seven major industrialized nations did more agreeing to disagree than agreeing. But to judge their annual economic conference a failure is hasty. The leaders differed about how to aid the Soviet Union. Dismayingly, they condoned help for China. The Houston summit meeting resolved no important dispute. The leaders of the seven major industrialized nations did more agreeing to disagree than agreeing. But to judge their annual economic conference a failure is hasty. The leaders differed about how to aid the Soviet Union. Dismayingly, they condoned help for China. But on the primary issue of agriculture policies, the leaders agreed to phase down protectionist subsidies. Their language on farm subsidies is promising; perhaps they are willing finally to use the prestige of their united stance to help face up to domestic political resistance. But the words, however promising, are vague. The world won't know till December if they have bite. With or without a cold war, economic issues divide the Western alliance. The European Community protects millions of inefficient family farmers by blocking low-cost food imports from big, efficient farms in the U.S. and farms in the third world. The system costs European taxpayers and consumers as much as $100 billion a year, but the European leaders have little stomach for threatening the jobs of politically potent farmers. The U.S. is in a peculiar position. On the one hand, it too protects domestic agriculture, blocking imports of sugar, peanuts and dairy products. Yet the overwhelming economic interest of the U.S. lies in opening European markets to American grain and other products. And there's even more at stake: the Uruguay Round of multinational trade talks, scheduled to end in December. Food-exporting countries, especially in the third world, are demanding that the industrialized countries open up their markets to more food imports. In exchange, they will consider new trade rules proposed by the industrialized countries governing services, intellectual property and foreign investment. If the U.S. and Europe cannot agree to lower protectionist farm subsidies, the third world will likely pull out of the trade talks. That would be a grievous blow to world trade and growth. The impasse can be lifted only by national leaders, and the Houston meeting offered an ideal forum. Did the Houston summiteers get that job done? The answer is unclear. Their words seem evasive. Yet | Summit Promise - and Shame; A Chance, at Least, for Fair Farm Policy |
369261_4 | on common law in continuing a longstanding tradition requiring valid search procedures based on warrants issued by a court. A few years earlier Princeton University successfully sought the conviction on trespassing charges of a member of the American Labor Party who was seeking to distribute pamphlets on campus. Its action seemed to be supported by a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld a shopping center owner who excluded a political pamphleteer. Justice Alan J. Handler of the New Jersey Supreme Court found the First Amendment inconclusive but in the New Jersey Constitution's more sweeping language dealing with freedom of speech he found grounds to reverse the conviction. Upheld Mandatory Sentences The Federal Constitution simply prohibits enactment of any law abridging freedom of speech or of the press. The New Jersey Constitution affirmatively and aggressively deals with free speech in a section that begins: ''Every person may freely speak, write and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right. No law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. . .'' In 1981 the New Jersey court parted company with the United States Supreme Court's view that a passenger lacks standing to challenge the reasonableness of a search of the vehicle in which he or she is riding. In New Jersey, at least, the passenger as well as the driver, can object to a search. Yale Kamisar, professor of law at the University of Michigan and a recognized expert on the criminal side of constitutional law, gives the New Jersey high marks for its rulings affecting criminal procedure. Besides its rulings on the death penalty, the court has upheld mandatory sentences, approved the use of blood-alcohol tests in drunk-driving cases and is considering whether repeat drunk-driving offenders are entitled to jury trials. In an interview, Dr. Kamisar said the court's latest decision on school financing, which requires the state to insure that its poorest school districts have as much money to spend on their programs as the state's wealthiest districts, ''will again have a significant impact on other state courts wrestling with the same problem, especially those who may be on the fence.'' John Sexton, dean of the New York University School of Law, said the court's prestige can be gauged by the number of times its decisions are followed by other state courts. ''Intrinsically it is | New Jersey Court Seen as Leader on Rights |
369281_1 | would do with the building, but the city said the center would be rehabilitated for use as state offices, community organizations and day programs. The building will also contain 96 residential beds, operated by a voluntary agency, for the mentally ill and developmentally disabled, the city said. #5-Year Effort by City But the suit claimed that the rehabilitation would take two years, leaving no programs at the Greenwich Village site during that period to serve the mentally ill. It also said that it was unlikely that any of the 96 beds would be given to clients of city agencies. The move to obtain a preliminary injunction is the latest development in the city's five-year-old effort in court to compel the state agency to provide specialized, long-term residential placements for mentally retarded and developmentally disabled or neurologically impaired children now in interim foster care settings or city hospital wards. The city has accused the state agency, the only office legally authorized to provide long-term residential care to the mentally retarded in the state, of having ''utterly failed to meet its mandate under the mental hygiene law.'' The city's mentally retarded children, it said, ''have been especially hit hard'' by the agency's failure. Although the city had 40 percent of the state's population, only 20 percent of the residential beds operated or licensed by the state agency are in the city, the city said in court documents. 'Residential Bed Crisis' A city spokeswoman, Jennifer A. Kimball, said the latest available figures show that nearly two-thirds of the mentally retarded who require immediate care - 2,029 of a total of 3,630 people - were in New York City. Mentally ill children made up more than 25 percent of the city's total of mentally ill people in need of immediate residential placement. Because of a ''chronic, inequitable'' distribution of beds by the state agency over the last decade, the city charged, ''the city is in the grip of a residential bed crisis.'' This crisis, it added, ''cannot be solved by placing mentally retarded residents of New York City in upstate placements, for they require and deserve beds close to their families and communities.'' The state agency denied the assertion that it was shortchanging the city. ''People with developmental disabilities living in New York City are no less important to this agency than individuals living elsewhere in the state,'' said Mr. Byrne, the state spokesman. | Home for Retarded Faces Legal Fight |
369233_4 | say they have developed a venting system that prevents a dangerous buildup of the hydrogen given off by nickel-iron batteries. But G.M. is betting on an improved lead-acid battery, hoping it will be available in a few years to power early versions of the Impact. Electrosource Inc., a small, publicly held technology company in Austin, Tex., has received encouragement from General Motors but no financial support to pursue a manufacturing technique it says prolongs the life of lead-acid batteries and greatly reduces the cost. Storing Energy When a battery is charged, the electrical current is separated into positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons, which attach to the surface of metal or alloy grids resembling waffles. The surfaces of the grids are porous, like tiny sponges that store and discharge energy. Batteries can store more energy per pound by increasing the porosity, and therefore surface area, of the grids. But grids that have more pores are less durable. The search for grids strong enough yet sufficiently porous to store the large amounts of power required to run an electric vehicle has led to new manufacturing techniques. The grid for a conventional lead-acid battery is made by melting lead with various additives and then pouring the mixture into a die or mold. But the life of the battery grid can be reduced by uneven distribution of the alloys, and careful attention to the cooling and drying of the grid is necessary to avoid further weakening. A New Process Electrosource has developed a process to make battery grids without melting the materials. The process begins with a cylindrical billet of lead, which is heated and then squeezed like toothpaste into a special mold, where it surrounds some other material, like copper wire or fiberglass yarn. Under pressure, the lead is squeezed out concentrically attached to the core material, which adds strength. Electrosource executives say the batteries made by this process, along with some new packaging techniques, last significantly longer than conventional lead-acid batteries and are more easily mass-produced. Johnson Controls Inc., a leading car-battery maker based in Milwaukee, is pursuing refinements to lead-acid technology, which company officials regard as the most viable power source for electric vehicles in the near term. A Radically Different Design Sodium-sulfur batteries also rely on a chemical reaction to store and discharge energy, but their design differs radically from that of conventional batteries. The battery pack is | Race On for an Electric-Car Battery |
369274_0 | LEAD: The Senate, by a vote of 68 to 32, approved legislation today to curb imports of textiles and apparel. The Senate, by a vote of 68 to 32, approved legislation today to curb imports of textiles and apparel. But two similar efforts to legislate quotas in the last five years failed when President Ronald Reagan vetoed them and the vetoes were sustained. The Bush Administration has signaled its own veto intentions, leading many analysts to predict the same fate for the Textile, Apparel and Footwear Trade Act of 1990. The analysts saw today's action as a way for Senators to show support for the domestic mills and labor unions that have been lobbying hard for the bill without fear of broader consequences, since expectations of enactment are low. Also working against the bill's chances is a crack in the once solid coalition that had supported textile quota bills in the past. An apparel trade association representing two-thirds of domestic production, the American Apparel Manufacturers Association, announced it was not supporting the bill. Nor is it opposing it. ''Our people simply felt that in global trade talks now under way the Administration is moving in a direction that they could accept,'' said Stewart Boswell, the association's president. He characterized the group as being ''on the sidelines,'' and said it wanted to ''see more clearly what emerged from the Uruguay Round'' of trade liberalization talks being held among 106 nations before taking a position. Linda J. Wachner, president and chief executive of Warnaco Inc., a big apparel maker, said that ''a lot of people have to import fabrics that are innovative and that are not available in the U.S., such as yarn-died cotton for fine-count cotton and blended shirts.'' She said the bill would ''hurt the availability of innovative consumer products that Warnaco manufactures offshore and onshore.'' But backers of the measure, which would limit the annual import growth of textiles to 1 percent and would freeze imports of nonrubber footwear at 1989 levels, described it as essential for the survival of the industry. ''If at the end of the century we have no textile industry left,'' said Senator Ernest F. Hollings, Democrat of South Carolina, ''don't blame it on the loss of productivity of our workers. Blame it on the lack of political productivity in this country.'' In Mr. Hollings's state, one out of seven people work in textile-related industries. | Senate Votes Import Curbs On Apparel but Veto Looms |
369273_2 | the World Cup a week earlier. In fact, half the flags on display were in honor of the visiting President of Tunisia. The country's most popular newspaper, Bild Zeitung, did not even treat the fall of one more obstacle to German unity as the most important news this morning, displaying the article under the slaying of Walter Sedlmayr, a well-known Bavarian television actor. Mr. Kohl, though, was full of history as he spoke this morning, pointing out that by getting Mr. Gorbachev to agree to pull out the last of the 380,000 Soviet troops now stationed in East Germany no later than the end of 1994, he had insured that they would leave exactly 50 years after they entered in the final months of World War II. Mr. Kohl said the two leaders also agreed that after the Soviet troops left, West Germany could station units integrated in the NATO command structure in its eastern territory, ''but without delivery weapons for nuclear warheads.'' ''Foreign troops and nuclear weapons should not be transferred there,'' he continued. Limit on German Troops NATO officials said that if that was his agreement with Mr. Gorbachev, its terms had not been cleared with the allies in advance, though as one diplomat said, ''Nobody ever thought we'd station nuclear forces there anyway.'' Mr. Kohl and Mr. Gorbachev also agreed that a united Germany should have no more than 370,000 troops in its army, 45 percent less than the present combined strength of the East and West German armed forces. Mr. Kohl said there were now no differences between the Germans and the Soviets on the external aspects of unification. But Zheleznovodsk, he said, was not Rapallo, the 1922 German-Soviet treaty that he described as an attempt by two excluded underdogs to offer consolation to each other. Today, he said, a changed Germany, firmly committed to European integration and European ideals of democracy, had negotiated on behalf of its allies with the Soviet superpower for an ideal all of them had supported for the last 40 years. 'A Stroke of Luck' As if to show how times had changed, he said, the first telephone call of congratulations he received, before 8 A.M. today, came from Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers of the Netherlands, a country the Germans overran and brutally occupied in World War II. The next came from Simon Wiesenthal, the Nazi-hunter in Vienna and, as Mr. | Kohl Outlines a Vision: A Neighborly Germany |
372000_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Your report that the Clergy-Laity Congress of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America has recommended that the church allow married priests to become bishops (news article, July 14) incorrectly states, ''Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church permits married men to become priests.'' The Catholic Church since the time of St. Peter (a married man and the first bishop of Rome) has permitted married men to become priests. Today, married priests are the norm for eastern European (Byzantine rite) and Middle Eastern (Melchite and Maronite rite) branches of the Catholic Church. And even though priestly celibacy is the norm in the Latin rite of the West, married Lutheran and Episcopalian ministers who have become Catholics and wanted to be priests have been ordained and are functioning as married Catholic priests in parts of the United States. Meanwhile, thousands of Catholic priests have resigned from the active ministry and are married, yet remain validly ordained Catholic priests. (Rev.) PETER L. RUGGERE Bothell, Wash., July 15, 1990 The writer is rector of the Maryknoll Seminary in Ossining, N.Y. | Church Can't Afford to Spurn Married Priests; Never Any Ban |
368453_2 | 1995. In defending a strong military, he has the support of the armed forces, the arms industry and the two main conservative parties. ''If France is a nation that counts in Europe and the world, it is due largely to its defense,'' said Pierre-Andre Wiltzer of the center-right Union for French Democracy. Today, the very existence of a debate on the military is a novelty for France. Until now, successive governments enjoyed solid political and public backing for the independent policy established by de Gaulle when he withdrew French troops from NATO's integrated military command in 1966. A Counterweight to Bonn Over the last quarter-century, France has formally remained a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. But no American or other foreign troops are on its soil and it controls its land, air and naval nuclear striking force. With Britain, Western Europe's other nuclear power, France has also refused to join the United States and the Soviet Union in nuclear disarmament negotiations. More than Britain, though, it has viewed its military strength as an important political counterweight to West Germany's economic might. But now, with the Warsaw Pact in ruins and NATO rethinking its strategic options, an independent military policy that for many years proved politically beneficial to France is suddenly threatening to isolate the country and even irritate relations with its neighbors. At the 16-nation NATO summit meeting last week, Mr. Mitterrand was alone is opposing the alliance's new definition of nuclear arms as weapons of ''last resort,'' arguing that they should essentially be seen as deterrents to be used to prevent rather than to win wars. Crumbling Domestic Consensus And as part of the modernization of its nuclear forces, France is still formally committed to developing its new short-range nuclear missile, which cannot reach the Soviet Union, as well as a new generation of a air-launched nuclear missiles. Nonetheless, as NATO commits itself to change, France is under increasing Western pressure to move closer to the alliance. There are also clear signs, even in recent public-opinion polls, that the traditional domestic consensus on military issues is beginning to break up. ''The Socialist Party is urging the Government to spend more on social welfare,'' a Western diplomat said. ''So the obvious place to take from is defense. France can't afford an independent defense policy for much longer. One way of saving money is to cooperate more with others.'' | The French Seek Their Own 'Peace Dividend' |
368241_1 | If the boat is docked at a slip, the captain unplugs the electric line, shifts to battery power and starts the engine. The guests bring up the seat cushions and fill the ice cooler. The first mate undoes the mooring lines, jumps on board and stows the supplies. All this would be a relatively smooth operation, except that the captain and first mate are engaging in a shouting match that can be heard on the Q.E. II halfway across the Atlantic. The problem is that the first mate cannot remember where the captain put his tools. Also, while he checks all the dials - the wind direction gauge, the depth finder, the knot meter - the guests scurry around, surveying the boat, setting up a table for lunch, serving coffee and snacks - effectively blocking every dial from the captain's view. Which was exactly what must have happened to Captain Queeg. (Sometimes the captain and first mate arrive early to oil the boat's teak, hose off the saltwater and the droppings from every bird passing over the Eastern seaboard in the last two weeks - so that the guests will think the boat always looks like the Trump Princess.) As you motor out of the harbor, you are given instructions for the head (''Debris is put in holding tanks. If they're overloaded, the head backs up'') and the oven, which serves a very vital function: it stores potato chips or garbage bags. Next, the guests help take off the sail cover with all the aplomb of people reared in the nautical surroundings of Bensonhurst. To hoist the sail, the captain must put the nose of the boat into the wind. (A logic that may explain why Columbus didn't make it to the Indies.) Everyone helps attach the ropes that pull the sail up. ''Hold that line tighter,'' says Captain Queeg. ''Crank that winch. Faster, faster!'' Lest a split-second delay cause the wind (which apparently comes around once every turn of the century) to catch the sails in another direction. Finally, the ropes are attached, the sails are up, the guests are on deck. And you sit, dead in the water. ''There's just no wind. Not a breeze in the air,'' says the captain as, all around you, sails billowing, boats are flying at about 120 knots. With the temperature at 375 degrees, you lie on the top deck reading until | Over the Bounding Maine? |
368367_4 | chief executive of the East Shanghai Development Office. ''It will also be the intersection of the Chinese economy and the international economy, and so many companies want to invest here and make it a window on the world.'' Mr. Sha, a 53-year-old scientist who lived in the United States for two years in the early 1980's, has a staff of 63 crowded into a two-story building on the east side of the Huangpu River. The office staff members display none of the lethargy normally associated with Chinese bureaucracy. They have met with more than 2,000 foreign business representatives, most of them from Taiwan, since the office opened in early May. Many investors, they say, have specific plans for investing in East Shanghai. Mr. Sha said discussions are under way on five or six projects, each worth about $200 million or more. Still, the project is so new that few deals have actually been agreed upon, and Western diplomats and executives say that it is too early to judge whether investors will participate in a major way. In addition, some key infrastructure projects are only now getting under way, so it will be several years before East Shanghai can accommodate any major influx of companies. ''Among most business people, the attitude is to wait and see,'' said a Western diplomat in Shanghai. ''I haven't detected any great urgency from investors who say, 'Oh, yeah, we definitely have to come to Pudong.' '' (East Shanghai is widely referred to as Pudong, which in Chinese means east of the Huangpu.) Still, the diplomat noted that the East Shanghai project was significant in that it is the first time the Government has created such a special zone in the nation's industrial heartland. China's other five special economic zones are all on the country's periphery, on the southern coast. Executives and diplomats also regard the project as an indication that China, after some to-ing and fro-ing, is planning to continue with its outward-looking economic development scheme - because only foreigners have the capital necessary to finance China's modernization. ''The central government has been anxious to demonstrate to the West that it remains committed to an open policy,'' said Kenneth G. Lieberthal, a China scholar at the University of Michigan who is visiting Beijing. ''The Pudong project is a long-term plan, but its announcement now certainly bolsters the image China seeks to project.'' One problem, however, | Showing the World That China Is Still in Business |
368422_2 | Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany has pledged more than $3 billion in credits to the Soviet Union and with the support of President Francois Mitterrand of France is pushing for a $15 billion aid package from the industrial countries. The United States and others oppose direct aid but are prepared to offer technical assistance. They maintain that the money will be wasted in the absence of a free-market economy. Furthermore, Mr. Bush argues that he cannot provide money to the Soviet Union so long as that country spends vast sums on its military and supports Cuba. The summit decision: The leaders encouraged the steps being taken toward a free-market economy, and agreed that individual countries were free to support the Soviets directly. They agreed to a study of Soviet economic needs by international organizations. The next step: After the meeting Mr. Bush said, ''I think Mr. Gorbachev understands that at this juncture, sending money from the United States is not in the cards.'' But Mr. Kohl, maintaining that the ''necessary steps'' are being taken, said, ''If this continues by the end of the year, we should be able to achieve a joint Western economic assistance program.'' The Environment The issue: Chancellor Kohl, with the support of the other leaders except for Mr. Bush, proposed a specific timetable for reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases that some scientists believe contribute to global warming. Mr. Bush insisted that scientific data on climate change were inconclusive. He held that reduction of greenhouse gases could damage the economy in the United States and other countries and that action should not be taken without further evidence. The summit decision: Mr. Bush prevailed in that no timetable was set. But the communique declared that the countries were ''committed to undertake common efforts to limit emissions of greenhouse gases'' and that ''lack of full scientific certainty is no excuse to postpone actions which are justified in their own right.'' The leaders also agreed, with Mr. Bush's support, to develop a pilot program to help Brazil preserve its tropical rain forest. The next step: Mr. Bush is likely to face considerable pressure to relent on the global warming issue not only from his summit partners but also from environmental groups at home. International studies of the matter are under way, and more discussions will be held at a conference in Geneva in November. THE WORLD | Houston Scorecard |
368529_0 | LEAD: American tourists have always had a way of seeking out offbeat places. This summer they may roam even farther afield than before, as Eastern Europe seems increasingly congenial to visitors. So chances are that vacationers abroad may find themselves at some point a long way from the nearest newsstand that carries English-language papers. American tourists have always had a way of seeking out offbeat places. This summer they may roam even farther afield than before, as Eastern Europe seems increasingly congenial to visitors. So chances are that vacationers abroad may find themselves at some point a long way from the nearest newsstand that carries English-language papers. Even if they manage to make out what the local press says, the only item about America may be a snippet of Hollywood gossip at the bottom of an inside page. Without news from home, some tourists have been known to develop a sense of swirling in the world without anything, like one's own roots, to hang on to. An effective remedy is to keep in touch by radio. Nearly everywhere, a portable, battery-powered shortwave receiver puts you within reach of the Voice of America or at least the BBC. After struggling in alien lands against incomprehensibility - your own as well as everybody else's - the mere sound of English emanating from such a radio on one's night table can be a great comfort. Unlike ordinary broadcast frequencies, which carry only a limited distance, shortwave easily spans oceans and continents. For example, FM transmissions (by far the most common today) follow the surface of the earth only for a little way - a hundred miles at most. Then the waves shoot out over the horizon, penetrate the atmosphere, leave the planet and are lost in space. By contrast, shortwave transmissions, because of their lower frequency, cannot escape the earth. An electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere, called the ionosphere, reflects them like a mirror, so that they bounce back to earth. The angle of their reflection from the sky returns them to earth far from their point of origin, often thousands of miles away. In this manner, shortwave transmission can leapfrog oceans and link continents. Unfortunately, this complex transmission path makes shortwave reception somewhat erratic and dependent on atmospheric conditions as well as the time of day. Also, listeners who remember the crackling shortwave newscasts before the age of satellites know | SHORTWAVE LINKS TRAVELERS TO WORD OF HOME |
368245_7 | what they did was collect it separately, and then to fulfill the contract, they shipped it to the incinerator to burn.'' Incinerator operators, however, say that even this might be good business that is environmentally sound. ''We like to think of ourselves as an industry that is also involved in recycling,'' said William I. Greener 3d, vice president of public affairs for Wheelabrator Technologies Inc., the Hampton, N. H.. company that is operating the Gloucester County incinerator. ''If you take trash, and make energy out of it, that is also recycling,'' Mr. Greener said. Newspapers, for example, might be better burned than recycled, he said.. ''The first thing you do with recycled newspaper is hit it with chemicals and solvents; so now you've created a new hazardous waste.'' Facing the Costs Incineration, Mr. Greener said, is compatible with recycling, and recycling itself, he said, may not be the panacea that many believe. At least one New Jersey legislator agrees. ''Everybody's for recycling,'' said State Senator William L. Gormley, a Republican of Margate, ''but we have to determine what the cost of recycling will be to the property-tax payer when we have to subsidize it, and we will have to subsidize it.'' Recycling programs need subsidies, he said, because there are limited markets for paper and glass. And the more those items are recycled, the tighter those markets become. Indeed, he said, there is already a glut of recycled newspaper. ''If nobody takes the paper, what are you going to do with it?'' he said. ''We may have to pay people to take it, and I just want to know who's going to pay for that?'' One answer, he said, would be to place a surcharge on certain products to subsidize their eventual disposal. To that end, Mr. Gormley said, he has sponsored legislation that would add a $1 surcharge on every tire bought in the state. That is what it costs, he said, to convert discarded tires into reefs for offshore aquatic colonies. But the bottom line, he said, is that regardless of how successful recycling efforts become, some trash will always be left over. As a result, he said, ''You have to have a mix - some recycling, with some regional incineration. ''I believe in recycling,'' he said. ''But saying you want 100 percent recycling is like saying you want lower taxes. Sometimes you just have to accept reality.'' | Recycling: New Report, New Debate |
368441_0 | LEAD: I have known about Amy ever since she ran into a tree. She is 23 years old, a restaurant manager on Long Island, and a friend of my son's. She also knows more about air bags than most of us. I have known about Amy ever since she ran into a tree. She is 23 years old, a restaurant manager on Long Island, and a friend of my son's. She also knows more about air bags than most of us. That is important, because air bags are this year's hot topic when it comes to automobiles, and a recent poll of dealers by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety shows that air bags are the safety feature customers ask about most. Sixty-eight percent of the dealers in the survey also said safety generally was high on the list in customers' considerations. And for 1990, all new cars will be safer, with Federally mandated restraint systems, which means more of those protective balloons living in the hub of the steering wheel. Amy, unfortunately, has popped an air bag twice, and the incidents have demonstrated the device's varying degrees of success. Happily, she wasn't hurt in either case, but we'll get to that. First, you should know that Amy has actually had three air-bag experiences, and her woeful tale is the reason that she'd rather be identified only by her first name. The initial incident wasn't her fault, had nothing to do with bad driving, and occurred when her silver 1988 Dodge Daytona hit one of those things that tire warranties like to dismiss as ''road hazards.'' ''I was driving home from work and I hit a bump,'' she said. ''The top part of my steering wheel, the cap for the air bag, flew off and scared the heck out of me. But what was worse, there was no air bag in there where it was supposed to be.'' That distressed her, naturally, since the air bag was touted as standard on the '88 Daytona. The mechanics weren't surprised when she took the car back to display its empty hub. They put in a new one, and there was no charge for the installation. But the process deprived Amy of the car for several days. And then the dashboard's ''Air Bag'' light became an annoyance. ''It had never gone on before,'' she said, ''but now it wouldn't turn off. Every time | Amy's Daytona Air-Bag Experience |
366153_1 | Prime Minister, told Parliament, ''Further consultations with the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland are necessary at this stage, but we are confident that a satisfactory formula and basis for meaningful discussions can be found.'' Parties Are Divided The main Protestant parties in Northern Ireland, which represent most of the majority community in Ulster, say they want Dublin involved after the talks among the province's political leaders have well advanced. But the Irish Government and leaders of the Social Democratic and Labor Party, which represents most of the Catholic community, are worried that the Protestants hope to keep Dublin out of the talks altogether. Another reason Dublin and the S.D.L.P. want a guarantee that north-south talks will begin at an early stage in the process is their fear that the Protestants may have agreed to enter into talks in order to sabotage the British-Irish agreement. Signed in 1985, the agreement gave Dublin a consultative role in running Northern Ireland and is anethema to the Protestants, who want the province to remain part of the United Kingdom. The Social Democratic and Labor Party seeks the unification of Ireland through nonviolent means. Regional Government Sought The only way Mr. Brooke could persuade the Protestant parties to enter talks was to agree to postponement in the regularly held conferences between Irish and British officials established as part of the British-Irish agreement. The British Government hopes that the Northern Ireland negotiations will lead to the creation of a regional government that will enable it eventually to end direct rule from London. This was imposed in 1972, three years after the sectarian strife in Northern Ireland began. Besides the internal Northern Ireland talks and the north-south talks, Mr. Brooke's plan also calls for talks between London and Dublin. His belief is that since Northern Ireland's problems involve three sets of relations -between the two communities of Northern Ireland, between the two parts of Ireland and between the Irish Republic and Britain - so should the negotiations. The British Government will not allow Sinn Fein, the political arm of the Irish Republican Army, to be involved in any talks until it renounces violence. The I.R.A. is fighting to force the British out of the province. In a statement today from Belfast, Gerry Adams, Sinn Fein's president, condemned Mr. Brooke's initiative. ''It is obvious from Mr. Brooke's statement that the partition of Ireland remains British Government policy. | Ulster Negotiations Delayed As Dublin Considers Its Role |
365385_6 | money. And then the auto industry is hurt.'' Ray Dean, a steamfitter working on the new Embassy Suites hotel at Seventh Avenue and 47th Street, said he was disappointed with what he clearly regarded as an anti-development attitude at City Hall - a view commonly heard at construction sites and union halls. He singles out Mayor David N. Dinkins's opposition to the construction of a garbage incinerator, a project that would have employed a lot of steamfitters. ''I don't know how bad it's going to get,'' Mr. Dean said. ''This company might send me to another job, or I might get laid off.'' Union leaders hope that Donald J. Trump will somehow put his empire back together and build his city on the Hudson and that the Columbus Center project will overcome legal challenges. But they are mostly counting on public, not private, work to sustain their members in lean times. City Housing Program There is the city's $5.2 billion housing program, although much of that, the union leaders say, is going to nonunion workers. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey has scaled back its rebuilding plans for Kennedy International Airport, and it is far from certain how much money the Metropolitan Transportation Authority will have to continue its efforts to restore commuter lines and the subways. But bilions of dollars will be spent rebuilding the highways, bridges and sewer lines, and the city's School Construction Authority will spend $4.3 billion to build 50 new schools and 30 annexes and remodel 70 others, all in five years. And in April, New York State finally acquired most of the land for the 42d Street redevelopment project, first envisioned a decade ago. The four skyscrapers will range in height from 32 to 57 stories, comprise 4.1 million square feet of space and require about 16,000 construction workers to build. But if those four buildings are the future, the present lies a few blocks away, at the Avenue of the Americas between 45th and 46th Streets. There, still only partially sheathed in pale rose granite, stands Americas Tower, a 48-story monument to uncertainty. Work stopped in December, with the tower 75 percent finished, when the developers failed to obtain a construction loan and began battling for control of the project. ''If the market had been better,'' said Mr. Spinola of the Real Estate Board, ''they wouldn't have had the argument.'' | Construction Fades as Boom Loses Its Vigor |
366527_6 | today. (Much of the old Breitkopf edition, meanwhile, is inexpensively available in Dover reprints, with Kochel's numbers at the foot of each page; it is by no means universally agreed that this edition is completely superseded by the new one.) Even in these years, Kochel's interests remained extraordinarily diverse; he was one of those figures of genuinely broad learning who are so badly needed as role models, yet so difficult to emulate, in our age of specialization. His voyages of scientific observation took him to Russia, Italy, France, Denmark and even the Arctic Circle, while five years before his death he brought out a collection of original poems and translations from Ovid, Virgil, Martial and Horace that a German commentator has called ''formally beautiful.'' Kochel knew a lot, never tired of wanting to know more and lived his life on the assumption that knowing more would enable us to understand better. That is clearly a truth, even if it sometimes brings the temptation of regarding it as the truth, and even if a certain diminution of returns inevitably sets in as scholarship narrows the unclosable gap separating us from perfect knowledge. Where Mozart himself is concerned, Kochel can still probably claim to have closed a greater part of that gap than any individual before or since. Once it had been done for Mozart, of course, it had to be done for others. Who were they? ''Hob.,'' who goes with Haydn, was Anthony van Hoboken, a bibliophile whose private collection included over a thousand early editions of Haydn; his Haydn-Verzeichnis, which took some three decades to complete (Haydn having lived longer and written more than Mozart), was finished in 1971. ''D.'' is Otto Erich Deutsch, as comprehensive as the more famous O.E.D. (the Oxford English Dictionary); his mission, besides cataloguing the works of Schubert, was to take biography to a new level of scientific ''objectivity'' by presenting the reader with raw or nearly raw documents in place of an interpretive narration of life and works. ''BWV'' stands not for a person (or for a German automobile) but for Wolfgang Schmieder's Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (which does not attempt Kochel's project of chronological order; like Hoboken's Haydn catalogue, it goes by category of work). The intriguing-looking designation ''WoO'' is not a person either; it means ''Werk ohne Opuszahl,'' a work (specifically a work of Beethoven's) with no opus number. Composers whose music was fairly well | If Mozart Has Arrived, Can Kochel Be Far Behind? |
366631_5 | of all our municipalities already recycle plastics. Yet misconceptions die hard. I've spent a number of evenings in the last year speaking to municipal councils about the plastics ban ordinances they have proposed, ranging from urban Paterson to suburban Bridgewater and rural Mount Olive. My home county of Hunterdon proposed one for all 26 of its municipalities. I'm glad to say that the zeal for such bans seems to be waning. The bans are most often directed at recyclable polystyrene in fast-food restaurants, while their likely substitutes, wax- and plastic-coated papers, have no such recyclable value. It's interesting to note, too, that the inks and wax on such papers are one of the first things that actually ''break down'' in a landfill. Local officials, business people and average citizens are much more receptive to the idea of plastics recycling, yet an important question has been raised as a result of that response. What do we do with all that recycled plastic? Plastic lumber, office products and, oddly, things like garbage cans and wastebaskets are just some of the hundreds of products made from recycled plastics. It is 444,000 recycled plastic soda bottles that are now covering a portion of the Meadowlands landfill. The infrastructure for plastics recycling is being established at a rapid pace, far greater than the pace with which a similar infrastructure was established for newspaper, aluminum and glass. But it will not be created overnight. Yet plastics recycling, which was really a cottage industry in New Jersey a half-decade ago, is making major strides, as evidenced by large financial commitments from industry. Government must provide the statutes to make plastics recycling at curbside a reality - instead of meaningless concessions to public perception, like polystyrene bans. Private enterprise can and must do more to provide the means to make plastics recycling even more cost-efficient. As hundreds of businesses have made the switch to recycled paper products, so must they make a commitment to recycled plastic items. The potent combination of those efforts can have the dual purpose of eliminating an additional large percentage of solid waste from our landfills and giving us substantial new quantities of materials to build for our future. That famous line about plastics' being the wave of the future, as spoken to Dustin Hoffman in the 1967 movie ''The Graduate,'' could be more true today, in 1990, than ever before. NEW JERSEY OPINION | Yes, Plastic Can Be Recycled |
366680_2 | a link between magnetic radiation and health problems; other researchers, as well as equipment manufacturers, disputed those findings or were skeptical about them. ''Extremely low frequency magnetic emissions may prove to be one of the most troublesome issues we face with information technology over the next decade,'' Jerry Borrell, the editor of Macworld, wrote in the July issue, as part of a study of radiation among popular computer monitors. Yet Dr. Farland said: ''We don't feel at this point that there is any specific advice to be given. We don't know enough yet to talk about what activities would help to reduce exposure to the elements of the fields that produce the effects of concern.'' Still, until a clearer picture is available, it would seem prudent for companies to take some steps to minimize their employees' exposure to the radiation. Several simple precautions are available: workers should sit at least two feet away from the front of a monitor and stay at least four feet away from the back or sides of a co-worker's monitor. The same precautions apply to laser printers. Some people in the computer industry are calling on monitor manufacturers to study ways to block or reduce the radiation. Many American computer makers already offer low-radiation monitors for sale in Europe, where government and union standards require monitors to meet strict guidelines. A few companies, including the International Business Machines Corporation, sell low-radiation monitors in the United States. But they do not advertise the low-radiation feature, perhaps fearing to create concern about their other terminals. There are now 40 million personal computers in use worldwide. Virtually all come with monitors that emit low levels of both ELF (extremely low frequency) and VLF (verylow frequency) electromagnetic radiation. It is the levels of ELF radiation - the type associated with power lines and other electrical devices - that are a cause of concern. In its study, Macworld tested the most popular video monitors used with Macintosh computers and personal computers made by the International Business Machines Corporation and those compatible with them. At distances equivalent to how far a user sits from the front of a monitor, it found levels of ELF radiation that matched or exceeded the amounts cited by some researchers as a possible factor in increased instances of cancer of the nervous system, leukemia and lymphomas. Most studies do not involve computers but rather other devices | The Executive Computer; Worries About Radiation Continue, as Do Studies |
366680_3 | the radiation. Many American computer makers already offer low-radiation monitors for sale in Europe, where government and union standards require monitors to meet strict guidelines. A few companies, including the International Business Machines Corporation, sell low-radiation monitors in the United States. But they do not advertise the low-radiation feature, perhaps fearing to create concern about their other terminals. There are now 40 million personal computers in use worldwide. Virtually all come with monitors that emit low levels of both ELF (extremely low frequency) and VLF (verylow frequency) electromagnetic radiation. It is the levels of ELF radiation - the type associated with power lines and other electrical devices - that are a cause of concern. In its study, Macworld tested the most popular video monitors used with Macintosh computers and personal computers made by the International Business Machines Corporation and those compatible with them. At distances equivalent to how far a user sits from the front of a monitor, it found levels of ELF radiation that matched or exceeded the amounts cited by some researchers as a possible factor in increased instances of cancer of the nervous system, leukemia and lymphomas. Most studies do not involve computers but rather other devices that emit magnetic fields. For example, a study by the New York State Department of Health suggested a link between utility power-line ELF radiation at a level of two to three milliguass and increased cancers among children who lived nearby. The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health last year found a similar link among utility workers at the New York Telephone Company, at an average level of 4.3 milligauss. No government agency has yet determined a minimum safe level for milligauss, a measure of radiation intensity. Researchers stress that their findings suggest, and certainly do not prove, that radiation may be a factor in some health problems. The concern about computer monitors has intensified recently, largely because of the Macworld report. Macworld initially tested an Apple 13-inch high-resolution color monitor and found that at a distance of 12 inches in front of the monitor, the magnetic field strength was 4.93 milligauss. In subsequent tests, Macworld found an I.B.M. 8514, a NEC Multisynch, a Compaq VGA and other leading monitors produced frontal radiation in the 4 to 6 milligauss range at a distance of 12 inches. At the sides, back and top of the monitor, the radiation was | The Executive Computer; Worries About Radiation Continue, as Do Studies |
366617_0 | LEAD: THERE is more to ponder at the Caramoor Music Festival this summer than music's relationship to nature, or the stoicism of a wind player with a fly buzzing about his mouthpiece. THERE is more to ponder at the Caramoor Music Festival this summer than music's relationship to nature, or the stoicism of a wind player with a fly buzzing about his mouthpiece. At Caramoor, this is the season of the conductor. By month's end, no fewer than eight will have wielded their batons here before the Orchestra of St. Luke's, now in its 11th year in residence at the festival. Such a multitude of conductors is unusual for Caramoor, where for many years Julius Rudel, and after him John Nelson, served as the podium mainstays. Mr. Nelson left as music director last year, leaving a vacancy that Howard Herring, the executive director of the Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts, said he was in ''no hurry'' to fill. An Array of Choices Besides Mr. Rudel, who led the opening concert on June 23, and Mr. Nelson, who will conduct Robert Schumann's ''Scenes From Goethe's Faust'' on July 21, this summer's group is an international mix of well-known and lesser-known conductors, most of whom are making their Caramoor debuts. Their varied styles and temperaments, as well as their musical proclivities, are offering Mr. Herring and Michael Feldman, the festival's artistic director, an array of possible choices as Mr. Nelson's successor. Mr. Herring said the directors would be watching for the same ''remarkable level of energy'' that has characterized the orchestra's playing under Mr. Rudel, who returns often to be a guest conductor at Caramoor. Playing Winsw Praise After Mr. Rudel's June 23 concert with the group, Allan Kozinn, writing in The New York Times, praised St. Luke's's playing for its ''finely tuned'' sound, ''impeccable'' sense of ensemble and ''evident joyousness and passion.'' While a number of the first-time conductors have already come and gone - Maximiano Valdes, Andrew Litton, Paul Lustig Dunkel and Joel Revzen - two, Dennis Russell Davies and Andrew Parrott, will lead concerts next Saturday night and July 28, respectively. Mr. Davies is perhaps the best-known of the group, having been active in West Germany and in Manhattan, where he has led the American Composers Orchestra in a contemporary music series at Carnegie Hall. Mr. Davies was recently appointed music director of the Brooklyn Academy of | Eight Conductors Are Passing the Baton at Caramoor |
367325_0 | LEAD: A European consortium developing a system for digital radio broadcasting has come up with a solution for a problem that causes interference in FM radio broadcasts. A European consortium developing a system for digital radio broadcasting has come up with a solution for a problem that causes interference in FM radio broadcasts. The problem arises when the radio signal reaches the receiver over more than one path, at slightly different times. A radio wave that bounces off a building might reach the receiver a fraction of a second after the signal that comes directly from the broadcast tower, causing an echo. The same phenomenon is responsible for ''ghosts'' in television reception. If the reflected signal is exactly 180 degrees out of phase with the direct signal, the radio reception will be canceled out entirely. That is the cause of the familiar phenomenon, particularly when driving in urban areas, in which reception seems to be lost in certain locations. When the car moves to a new position, reception returns. The European system for eliminating the problem, known as multipath reception, is called Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and is as complicated as it sounds. In existing AM and FM broadcasting, each station is given its own frequency - its own narrow road, so to speak. In the European system, up to 16 stations would share a single wide band of frequencies - in essence a wide road with many lanes. Each station's signal is broken into pieces and sent over different frequencies - different lanes of the road - at different times. The radio receiver is intelligent enough to pick up the desired station and reconstruct the original signal. The essence is that eggs are put in many baskets. Even if the signal on one frequency is subject to interference, other parts sent on different frequencies will get through. BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY | Ending Interference On FM Broadcasts |
367439_1 | it was dominated by products imported from Europe,'' said John Roberts, executive director of the National Association for the Specialty Food Trade, which organized the show. ''Then American producers started realizing they can make the same things - the fancy European-style jams, condiments, chocolates and even cheeses - and that's when the fancy food industry really expanded. Now we've added many purely American-style products.'' Mr. Roberts said many successful products come on the market following trends set in restaurants. ''For example, Americans learned about Mexican food in restaurants, so they wanted salsas to serve at home.'' The show is about a third larger than it was three years ago, the last time it was held in New York. Among the expanded categories are salsas and salsa-type condiments, both for table use and for cooking. Concocting salsas seems to be a thriving industry in New England, especially in Vermont and Connecticut, as well as in New Mexico and California. There is even Jose Madrid Kosher Salsa, produced in Zanesville, Ohio, and Inca Hot Sauce, an intense dark salsa produced in Peru. Most of the American products and many of the imported foods at the show are available across the country, although some have limited distribution. The wide array of new flavored or infused oils was another example of a food made popular in restaurants. ''Chefs are using them and it seemed there might be a market for them, because people may not want to be bothered making their own,'' said Rob Coffland, vice president for marketing of Loriva Supreme Foods in Hauppauge, L.I., which has just introduced a rich green basil oil and a golden garlic oil, and plans a tangy citrus-flavored oil soon. These oils are made with a blend of canola and extra-virgin olive oils. Loriva also introduced an unseasoned version of this blend called Canolive. Dean & DeLuca displayed its new San Remo Olio Pumate, an extra-virgin olive oil infused with sun-dried tomatoes. Potpetit Spanish olive oils come flavored with mixed herbs, or just with rosemary. Higher on the luxury scale is extra-virgin olive oil flavored with white truffle. Rino Gnesi, from the Piedmont region of Italy, also makes a porcini-flavored oil. There were scores of plain olive oils, including the oddly-named Savoir Faire from Italy, an organic oil labeled L'Estornel from Spain and, for the first time, extra-virgin olive oil from Morocco, by Amber brand. The richly | The New Fancy Food Products |
367349_0 | LEAD: Radio broadcasting is preparing for its biggest technological leap since FM technology was developed in the 1940's and 50's. Radio broadcasting is preparing for its biggest technological leap since FM technology was developed in the 1940's and 50's. The leap will be to digital broadcasting, in which music and information will be sent as a series of zeros and ones, as in computer code. Such digital broadcasts would have the same high quality of sound - free of static and hiss - as the digital compact disks now replacing analog phonograph records. Any such replacement of the analog systems used in current AM and FM broadcasting, in which the music is represented as continuous electromagnetic waves that mimic the musical sound wave, is not likely to begin until late in this decade. But technological and political activities are already heating up. A consortium of European broadcasters, stereo-equipment manufacturers and research institutions has already developed and demonstrated a sophisticated system for what it calls digital audio broadcasting from a combination of satellites and land-based towers. In the United States, three companies are introducing services this year in which digital music will be transmitted to homes over cable television lines. Three other companies have applied to the Federal Communications Commission for frequencies to begin satellite transmission of digital music to home and car radios in a few years. And the Government is exploring the idea of creating a worldwide digital satellite service. The transition to digital radio is likely to be long and controversial, however. ''This is radio's HDTV,'' said John D. Abel, executive vice president of the National Association of Broadcasters. He was referring to the many issues being raised by digital radio that are strikingly close to those surrounding high-definition television, which would provide sharper pictures than existing service. The issues include how to make the transition without instantly making obsolete the 500 million radios in the United States. There will be questions about which standard to use for digital radio. Will the world adopt a single standard, like the European system, making possible worldwide broadcasts? Or, as with high-definition television, will the United States, Europe and Japan develop separate systems to help their own industries? In the United States, a political battle for control of the new digital radio has already begun. The National Association of Broadcasters, representing radio broadcasters, passed a resolution late last month opposing the | Business Technology; Next, Digital Radio For a Superior Sound |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.