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372504_3 | pollution. He said he doubted that the device would be useful for picking out individual violators, and it could not replace traditional tests because it did not detect hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two other pollutants. (The American Petroleum Institute is underwriting development of a second beam, which will measure hydrocarbons, and the Environmental Protection Agency will probably finance development of an ultraviolet beam next year that will measure nitrogen oxide.) Some Doubts In Denver, Michael J. O'Toole, a senior air pollution control specialist at the Colorado Department of Health, said, ''In concept, it's remarkable. We're excited about the potential it should present.'' But he added that factors like the condition of the car and whether it is accelerating made Dr. Stedman's device unsuitable for general screening. At the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, a Boston-based pollution policy coalition of eight state governments, Nancy L. Seidman, an air pollution expert, said that most cars had to be called in for an annual mechanical inspection anyway. And the annual inspection has another value: ''It forces people to acknowledge that their car is a source of air pollution,'' she said. But the in-garage tests ''May not reflect the real world very well,'' said Ms. Seidman. ''We don't have a good handle on who the high emitting vehicles are and how many of them there are. This is a first step toward getting us closer to those answers.'' The tool could open new research areas. ''We'd like to characterize the population on the road,'' said Mr. Pitchford. Screening thousands of cars a day, he said, government officials could determine if a particular model of car was prone to early failure of pollution control devices, or could find out quickly if a new model was not meeting expectations. ''We could set the thing up before alternate fuels were available in an area, and characterize the cars,'' he said. ''Then the following month, after we expect that most cars had tanked up with new fuel, we could measure again.'' Measuring cars in Illinois last year, the device established average failure rates for cars of different vintages. They ranged from 3 percent for cars of the 1983 model year or later to 25 percent for those from 1974 and earlier. Such calculations will help planners project the effects on the atmosphere of turn-over in the car fleet, among other things. The device could also influence | Ideas & Trends; Science Learns to Catch a Polluting Car in the Act |
372281_2 | 165-horsepower engines, power on the seas is for rent. In the summer, their lines are as long as the local ice-cream parlor's. No license is required to drive a boat. Having enough money is the only requirement to rent one. But Mr. Uihlein says he is careful about whom he rents to. ''You look at the people,'' he said. ''You see four guys, you don't rent. You see alcohol or drugs, you don't rent.'' ''Licensing boaters would be a waste of time,'' he said. ''Who's going to check them? It's hard enough to enforce the existing laws. ''We don't let people go out without experience,'' he continued. ''We give them a driver for free.'' The Okoskins took out a driver, and a reporter, for the first 15 minutes of their two-hour cruise. Mr. Okoskin learned that sailboats have the right of way and lobster pots are not buoys. He also learned other boats make him nervous. How to Stop ''This guy is coming toward me,'' he said as a boat appeared on the right. ''Do I stop?'' he asked John Whittemore, a 20-year-old from Northport, who was teaching him the basics of boating on Lake Montauk. ''Not if you're ahead of him,'' Mr. Whittemore said. ''How do I know if I'm ahead of him?'' Mr. Okoskin slowed down and let the other boat pass. ''I figured if he's bigger than me I'd let him go,'' he said. By the way, Captain Okoskin said to Mr. Whittemore, ''How do you stop?'' Ninety percent of those who rent boats say they have driven a boat before, said Brian Smith, who runs the rental operation. ''I think that means they've ridden in one,'' he said. Mr. Smith has worked at Uihlein's since he was 8. ''This is my third decade doing this,'' the 24-year-old said. He lives in San Diego, Calif., but spends his summers in Montauk renting and repairing the 25 boats that change captains on an hourly basis. Big Wave on Big Day Oh, the stories he can tell. Has anyone ever run into the dock? ''We had one go past the dock and on to land,'' he said. ''Six fishermen came around the end of the dock and instead of stopping they drove the boat right up on the beach. They thought they were supposed to do that. No one was hurt.'' Then there was the young man who proposed | It's Anchors Away for Unschooled Sailors |
372548_5 | served as ministers of music, youth or religious education programs. One of the most celebrated examples of black women who have risen in the church hierarchy was the consecration in 1989 of the Rev. Barbara Harris as suffragan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. 'God Can Call a Woman' For example, the Baptist Ministers Conference in New York, an organization of 500 ministers, does not admit women. One of those who is working to change that is the Rev. Carl E. Flemister, regional minister for the American Baptist Churches. ''My position is that a denomination that believes in the ultimate and total power of God should be able to believe that God can call a woman to pastor,'' he said. Baptist churches have a great deal of autonomy. As in other ''congregationalist'' churches, the members ''call'' their ministers after a vote rather than have them selected by a bishop. In the hierarchical denominations where bishops make the assignments, the experience is mixed. Among the United Methodist and African Methodist Episcopal Churches, for example, women have met with some recent success. Other Routes On July 1, the Rev. Ruthenia H. Finley became the first woman to lead the 3,000-member St. Mark's United Methodist Church in Harlem. Last year, the Rev. Carolyn E. Tyler became the first woman to lead Walker Temple A.M.E. Church in Los Angeles, which has 650 members. ''In some ways it is easier in a hierarchical structure,'' Ms. Tyler said. ''I doubt I would be the pastor of a large church today if I had had to wait for the call from a congregation.'' Having a woman in the pulpit took some adjustment in her congregation. ''It's a male-dominated field,'' she said. ''Women are just now breaking in. I think the picture is going to change radically in the next decade. There are more women in seminaries than ever before and those women are, with time, going to lead the major churches.'' Falling between the denominations where ministers are called by the congregation and those where they are appointed by a bishop, are those like the Lutherans and Episcopalians, where selection is a joint venture between the bishop and the congregation. Congregations choose from a list provided by the bishop's office or submit their choice to the bishop for final approval. One woman who succeeded in obtaining a senior position in this system was the Rev. Joy | Black Women's Bumpy Path to Church Leadership |
372550_4 | being sold to the country's 793 authorized abortion clinics. ''Things are pretty calm now,'' Ms. Mouttet said. She said that between April 1988 and September 1989, 20,000 women were given the pill free of charge under a carefully monitored program that showed a success record of over 90 percent. Through February this year, when agreement was reached with the Government on a $48 price for each dose of RU-486, another 14,000 used the drug without charge. Physical Manipulation Avoided ''From a psychological point of view, women seem very happy with the method,'' said Dr. Elizabeth Aubeny, who runs an abortion clinic at the Broussais Hospital in Paris. ''They take the pill themselves, they have hospital supervision, but they're are not subject to physical manipulation at the hands of strangers.'' In developing its international strategy, Roussel Uclaf has drawn up what it calls five ''mandatory prerequisites'' before marketing is approved. Abortion must be legal in the country in question, local public, medical and political opinion must favor abortion, synthetic prostaglandin must be available locally, the distribution network must be strictly controlled, and patients should sign a consent form. ''Abortion is not an unchallenged right and synthetic prostaglandin is not on the market in the United States,'' Ms. Mouttet noted. Synthetic prostaglandin is currently being tested in Western Europe as an antidote to hemorrhaging and bleeding ulcers. Moral Duty and the Third World Dr. Baulieu said his main concern was the third world, where he said nearly 200,000 women die annually as a result of complications after self-induced abortions. ''My personal view is that it is our duty to move ahead promptly in the developing world, not immediately selling, but researching how we can introduce the compound, taking into account the different situations in each country and each region,'' he said. ''At present, things are so bad in the third world that anything that improves the situation is welcome. I think it is our moral duty to act.'' But he acknowledged that such a campaign was unlikely until the United States changed its policy, recalling that the United States suspended its contributions to the International Planned Parenthood Federation and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities on the grounds that in some cases they financed abortion clinics. He said that while the W.H.O.'s Human Reproduction Unit is currently engaged in trials of RU-486, its director, Hirochi Nagashima, was reluctant to sponsor the | ABORTION POLITICS ARE SAID TO HINDER USE OF FRENCH PILL |
372293_8 | to three studies that found that children living in homes near high-level electric power lines were developing or dying of cancer at twice the normal rate. ''I feel that there is a massive accumulation of evidence - scientific and medical evidence - showing that the magnetic fields from power lines are hazardous at very low levels,'' Mr. Brodeur said. Utility companies have enough information now to begin taking preventive measures, said Mr. Brodeur, who suggests routing lines away from residential areas, burying or restringing wires and developing new ways to ground electrical systems. 'Taking It More Seriously' Louis Slesin, editor of Microwave News, a New York-based newsletter covering electric and magnetic fields, said: ''There always is a danger of overreaction. But there is a legitimate cause for concern. And industry has been late in acknowledging these concerns. They are not willing yet to take this seriously. But I think that they are by the moment taking it more and more seriously. Literally every month there seems to be a new study showing heightened risk level.'' The one point on which scientists agree is that more research is needed. Some researchers who have linked childhood cancer with electric and magnetic fields said the risk, if any, was moderate. David Savitz, who conducted one of the childhood cancer studies cited by Mr. Brodeur, said other factors might have contributed to the illness. ''The evidence is not strongly supportive of spending vast amounts of money or taking drastic action to reduce exposures,'' said Mr. Savitz, an epidemiologist at the University of North Carolina. ''There's a legitimate reason for paying attention and being concerned. In my opinion there is not a basis for panic. The scientific evidence is certainly far from conclusive.'' Utility company representatives note that electric and magnetic fields also are emitted from household appliances like television sets, toasters, electric blankets and personal computers. But the key difference, said New Jersey residents worried about health risks, is that power lines are not in their control. ''I have the option to seek out a television that gives out low electric and magnetic fields, or to keep my family away from it,'' said Mary Cashen Purcell, a Middletown resident and the other co-founder of Residents Against Giant Electric. ''I don't have to buy a microwave. To be sitting under or going to school under a power line seems to put people at undue risk.'' | Power Lines Stir Concern on Health Risk |
371139_0 | LEAD: Americans lecture Brazil on the shameless destruction of its tropical forests. They would sound less sanctimonious if the United States took better care of its own tropical forests, in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Americans lecture Brazil on the shameless destruction of its tropical forests. They would sound less sanctimonious if the United States took better care of its own tropical forests, in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Less than a quarter of Hawaii's original forests remain. At lower levels, almost all its native plant communities have been destroyed by land-clearing. The loss of habitat has driven 40 percent of Hawaii's native bird species into extinction and threatens three-quarters of those that remain. Predation by introduced species is another source of destruction. Imported vines and grasses suffocate the plants that evolved without competition. Rats prey on birds' nests. Mongooses were introduced in 1883 to control the rats, but instead have joined them in eating the birds' eggs. The extinction of bird species on Hawaii is a particular loss; they are a textbook example of evolution. The island's 47 species of honeycreeper all evolved from a single ancestor. Hawaii has eight national wildlife refuges and four national parks. These include much of the habitat needed to conserve its plants and animals. But neither the Fish and Wildlife Service nor the National Park Service has the necessary resources to do so. Their combined budget of $2 million needs to be $12 million, the Natural Resources Defense Council estimates in a new report. Puerto Rico is also a story of lost opportunity. Most of the tropical forest seen by Columbus in 1493 has been cleared for farming and housing. But a large national forest and 14 forests managed by Puerto Rico still preserve 3,000 plant species and 232 species of birds. These forests constitute only 4 percent of the island's area but are gradually expanding as agriculture diminishes. The Federal Government has only a trivial budget for preserving the many threatened species, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has neglected the chance to buy up critical habitat, despite a $2 million fund created for the purpose. The world's ancient patrimony of tropical forests is now eroding at the rate of 40 to 50 million acres a year, according to an inventory recently published by the World Resources Institute. This is nearly 50 percent faster than earlier estimates. Loss of the forests, a biological tragedy | Preaching to Brazil From Hawaii |
371136_1 | opportunities of these countries, but unless there is a clear incentive to do so, growers will not switch out of coca in large numbers.'' Representative Sam M. Gibbons, the Florida Democrat who is chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee's trade subcommittee, called the program ''a step in the right direction'' and said, ''I will support it, and I hope that most members of Congress will too.'' The centerpiece is a decision, which will become effective by Presidential proclamation on Aug. 1, to abolish import duties on 67 products, from fresh strawberries to expensive bicycle frames, sold to the United States by the four countries. United States imports of the designated products from the Andean nations amounted to $26.6 million last year. Lower duties could help stimulate sales by giving those countries an edge over competitors. For example, Mexico, now the principal exporter of fresh strawberries to the United States, would still have to pay the 1.5 percent tariff on them. Encouraging Alternative Crops White House officials said the goal of another part of the program, expansion of agricultural assistance to the Andean region, was to encourage alternatives to narcotics production by working with countries in the region to identify products that have a potential for increased production and trade. Mr. Lee, the narcotics consultant, said possible crops included oranges, avocados, tea, coffee, macadamia nuts and spices. But he noted that the cycle from planting to first harvest for all those crops was longer than the 18 to 24 months for coca. Mr. Lee said 400 to 500 tons of refined cocaine was exported from Latin America annually, up from 250 tons in 1987. He placed at $9 billion to $10 billion what Latin American drug traffickers now earned from this trade. The extension of duty-free access comes under the so-called Generalized System of Preferences, an already existing program of special trade privileges that the United States gives to 130 developing countries. Mr. Bush has also announced his intention to seek early Congressional approval for a tariff preference system for the four countries, patterned after the Caribbean Basin Initiative, further broadening duty-free access. Expansion of Existing Program For the past half-dozen years, the United States has allowed most products made in Caribbean and Central American countries to enter duty-free. So-called sensitive products, such as textiles and footwear with important domestic production, are excluded from the preferences. The proposed Andean | Bush Presents Plan to Help Andean Nations Grow Non-Coca Crops |
368667_0 | LEAD: Women who begin hormone replacement therapy at or near menopause can sharply decrease their risk of having a broken hip in the next decade, a new study of 23,000 women has shown. Women who begin hormone replacement therapy at or near menopause can sharply decrease their risk of having a broken hip in the next decade, a new study of 23,000 women has shown. In the first large study to examine the effect of hormone therapy on older women, Dr. Tord Naessen and his colleagues at the University Hospital in Uppsala, Sweden, found that the treatments produced a 60 percent reduction in the risk of hip fracture whether the women took estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and progestogen. The combination is now recommended because progestogens counteract estrogen's carcinogenic effects on the uterus. But until now it was not known for certain whether the addition of progestogens would also protect against broken hips. The new study suggests that it does. But the protective effect seems to be far more powerful when supplements were immediately started at menopause and to diminish when hormones were begun too long after menopause, particularly over the age of 60. The hormones prevent osteoporosis, a debilitating condition characterized by thinning of the bones that generally afflicts older women. Although many studies had demonstrated that estrogen alone prevented hip fracture, the new study, published today in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, is the first to show convincingly that the combined treatment would have the same effect. Results Were Predicted ''Those are pieces of data we really needed in determining the proper treatment of osteoporosis,'' said Dr. Robert Lindsay, a professor of medicine at Columbia University who is an expert in osteoporosis. ''This is a paper I was waiting for.'' Endocrinologists had predicted such results on the basis of studies of bone density and calcium metabolism involving women taking supplements. Dr. S. Mitchell Harman, section chief of endocrinology at the National Institute on Aging, said, ''It's an interesting addition to a growing body of literature, all of which points in the same direction: that if you start treating women with hormones at menopause, you could avoid a lot of osteoporosis and get rid of 60 percent of their hip fracture.'' About 300,000 Americans fall and break their hips each year, and more than 70 percent are postmenopausal women, said Dr. Joseph Zuckerman, director of the | Hormone Therapy Seen to Cut Risk of Broken Hip |
368747_1 | countries at the summit - the United States, Canada, Britain, France, West Germany, Italy and Japan - subsidize farmers to one degree or another with tariffs and quotas on imports, export supports and internal price supports. For example, the United States has import quotas on sugar, peanuts and dairy products and makes price-support payments to growers of many crops. Europe subsidizes its farmers to a much greater extent, and rice imports are prohibited altogether in Japan. These barriers distort the world market for foods and feed grains. The world price for sugar is about 10 cents a pound, for example. But it costs five times that much in American supermarkets and even more in Europe, mainly because inexpensive imports are blocked and sugar producers are guaranteed a high price by their governments. As a result, developing countries, which have little to sell but agriculture products, have trouble entering the world markets and gaining the resources they need for their economies to grow. President Bush pushed his counterparts in Houston on the issue, he said, because his trade advisers had convinced him that the trade negotiations would break down if the industrial countries did not agree at least to cut their farm subsidies if not abolish them. ''Agriculture is the underpinning of the whole round,'' said William E. Brock, a special trade representative in the Reagan Administration, who was in Houston as a private consultant to lobby for change. ''Half the countries in the world will take a walk if agriculture is not part of the agreement.'' Crucial Issues at Stake If the talks collapse, the industrial countries will not get a settlement on issues that are of primary importance to them: freedom for banks and insurance companies to open branches in developing countries, overseas markets for services like telecommunications, construction and engineering, and standards to protect intellectual property. American officials calculate, for example, that American businesses lose $50 billion a year to piracy of trademarks, patents and copyrights. If the trade talks are successful, said Carla A. Hills, the United States trade representative, ''there will be an economic renaissance for the 21st century.'' If they fail, she added, ''the world will have dangerously decreased economic prosperity.'' Still, the European countries, as much as they would gain from more open markets for their manufactured products and services, have been reluctant to relinquish their farm subsidies. And the Bush Administration could never | World Farm Subsidies in Trade-Talk Spotlight |
368675_2 | the Iranian revolution and a year after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, foreigners who know Iran marvel at what they describe as the new freedom. Iran is, for example, encouraging private companies to enter long-nationalized industries. And travel restrictions on Western journalists have markedly eased. But Iranians from all social classes complain that too little of this new liberty is apparent in their day-to-day lives, due in large part to the influence of the seemingly all-powerful Komiteh. In scores of interviews, Iranians, rich and poor alike, in cities and the countryside, told of their experiences with the Komiteh, offering these examples of its power: * A 24-year-old store clerk in the northern city of Rasht was pulled from the street and thrown against a wall as Komiteh officers dabbed cotton into a jar of cold cream and wiped it against her lips, looking for any sign that she might be wearing lipstick, which is forbidden in public for Iranian women. * A well-to-do Teheran woman in her early 40's and a teen-age boy were stopped, separated and asked why they were walking together on the street. Sneering officers suggested to the humiliated woman that she was a prostitute and that the boy was a client. They were freed after the woman produced an identity card proving that she was the boy's mother. * An 18-year-old youth's acceptance to one of the nation's most prestigious universities was withdrawn after Komiteh investigators telephoned his home and overheard banned Western music in the background. * A 27-year-old seaman living near Bandar Abbas, on the Persian Gulf, was arrested and held for three days after he attended a party where liquor was served. He was freed when his parents offered their car as collateral and promised that he would never attend such a party again. Broad Powers of Arrest The Komiteh has broad powers of arrest and imprisonment. Islamic law, as interpreted by the Government, permits Komiteh officers to jail suspects for the slightest offense against Islam or the nation's leaders. A young woman was recently released from prison after three years' confinement on charges by the Komiteh that she had placed a small sticker on a classroom wall, that read: ''Down with Ayatollah Khomeini.'' The girl was 14 at the time. She has since left the country - probably for good, her friends say. ''It's all crazy,'' a Western-educated Iranian woman said. | In Iran, a Glimpse of Ankle Can Bring Out the Komiteh |
368672_2 | of funds must show a greater commitment to reducing poverty. Gargantuan Projects ''Enormous sums have been spent for purposes that have nothing whatever to do with reducing poverty -military expenditures, for example, and lavish 'cathedrals in the desert,' '' said the report, referring to projects that it deemed to have little useful value. The new tone reflects the influence of the Bush Administration and the American-appointed president of the bank, Barber B. Conable Jr., a former upstate New York Republican Congressman, who has inveighed against third-world military spending and is generally known for a practical, no-frills leadership style. As the biggest stockholder of the 152-nation, Washington-based institution, the United States has named the chief executive since the World Bank was founded in 1945. The study was published within days of the conclusion of the economic summit meeting in Houston, at which leaders of the seven richest industrial countries gave scant attention to the problems of the poor. The summit agenda focused on global trade issues and economic help for the Soviet Union. The study said there has been some progress against poverty in developing countries that have taken part in the overall economic growth that has taken place since the 1960's. Indonesia is cited as a case in point. Over the last two decades, that country has reduced the incidence of poverty from almost 60 percent of the population to less than 20 percent. And in China, which accounts for a quarter of the people in the developing world, life expectancy rose from 52 years to 69 in the 25-year period ending in 1985. Why Africa Is Different The report said conditions in Africa were expected to run contrary to the worldwide decline in poverty because that continent faces such intractable problems as high population growth, weak basic installations, and wars that have devastated Liberia, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Somalia and the Sudan. The study projected that 265 million people, or 43.1 percent of the population of Africa south of the Sahara, would live in poverty in 2000. In 1985, 180 million people, or 46.8 percent, lived in that condition. It said that while Asia's share of the world's poor would decline to 53 percent by the end of the century from 72 percent in 1985, Africa's would double, from 16 percent to 32 percent. Reacting to the report, John W. Sewell, president of the Overseas Development Council, a Washington-based policy research | Report by World Bank Sees Poverty Lessening By 2000 Except in Africa |
368756_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: Both France and Italy, which are overwhelmingly Roman Catholic countries, allow legal abortion. In addition, West Germany and the Netherlands, both roughly half-Catholic, also allow legal abortion. In none of these countries has the national Catholic Church excommunicated or threatened to excommunicate Catholic public officials who are supportive of abortion rights. Charles W. Colson (''Will the Abortion Fight Ever End?: Catholics vs. the Media,'' Op-Ed July 2) should take note of these facts when he vigorously defends John Cardinal O'Connor's threat to excommunicate American Catholic public officials who support abortion rights. Both he and Cardinal O'Connor must answer the question why Catholic public officials in the United States should be uniquely punished when the Catholic officials of other nations are not similarly threatened. If the Catholic Church is truly universal, shouldn't the hierarchy in the United States practice the tolerance exercised by Catholic Church officials in Western Europe? Certainly, Mr. Colson's and Cardinal O'Connor's position on excommunication is a minority viewpoint in Catholic circles. In fact, Mr. Colson is not representing the whole Catholic Church against an allegedly hostile ''liberal media'' but is championing only one narrow perspective at odds with the international community of Catholics. JOSEPH L. NOVAK Carlisle, Pa., July 2, 1990 | No Excommunication Threats in Europe |
366036_3 | have already told Government officials that they will not build in the old industrial centers where the air, soil and water are all heavily polluted. Reiner Frommann, environmental councillor for the town of Bitterfeld, is lobbying hard to have a former military exercise ground converted into a national park. 'Most Untouched Area' ''It is the most untouched area we have here,'' he said of the 6,250-acre tract in the center of the country. ''We must protect it before anyone thinks of putting new factories on it.'' At the Environment Ministry, planners draw some comfort from the notion that large projects such as highways, industries and urban growth will be subject to Government regulation. But they have much to overcome. There is the question of the tons of household waste that West Berlin paid to put in East German dumps. More serious, the authorities said, are the tons of untreated toxic waste that West Germany paid East Germany to take. Experts have found that much of it was not adequately buried, has been seeping into the groundwater, and, ironically, has been affecting groundwater deposits on the West German side. As for the new waste, looming with the advent of consumerism, East Germany's Parliament has even held hearings on the subject. Recycling System Upheld ''We see the packaging industry heading our way and we know there will be a tremendous amounts of garbage and waste,'' said Mr Behrend, the deputy minister. ''We are searching for solutions to minimize this from the start.'' One option, he said, is to put ''high priority on products like cans, plastics and other containers that are not disposable or find other ways to make producers responsible for their products.'' Beyond that, he said, the Government would try hard to keep alive the old system of recycling, which worked well during the frugal Communist days. Half of the nation's tires were reprocessed. The country has long had a vast network of collection centers for metal, glass, cloth and paper. Out on the streets, though, the new economic reality appeared to impose its own rules. Members of the small Green Party have complained that the recycling system was fast breaking down. Horst Kallin, up in the driver's cabin of a heavy Czechoslovak garbage truck, agreed. ''I am collecting many things that people used to take back -bottles, old clothes,'' he said. ''People think now it's not worth the money.'' | Evolution in Europe; In Leninallee, Cans, Bottles and Papers: It's the West's Waste |
365977_0 | LEAD: Peru has indefinitely suspended a year-old trade pact with Cuba because Havana missed a $5.2 million payment last month, a spokesman for Peru's Central Reserve Bank said today. The payment was due on June 8, but Cuba neither paid nor asked Peru for refinancing, said Juan Zuniga, the bank spokesman. Peru has indefinitely suspended a year-old trade pact with Cuba because Havana missed a $5.2 million payment last month, a spokesman for Peru's Central Reserve Bank said today. The payment was due on June 8, but Cuba neither paid nor asked Peru for refinancing, said Juan Zuniga, the bank spokesman. | Peru Suspends Cuba Pact |
385150_2 | trade negotiations in Geneva. The legislation would restrict the overall growth of imports of textiles and clothing to the United States to 1 percent annually, freeze footwear imports at 1989 levels and prohibit the President from negotiating on textile, apparel and footwear tariffs. On July 18, the Senate passed the same legislation by 68 to 32, only one vote more than the two thirds needed to override. Although a showdown over the legislation is unlikely until next month, after the President sends Congress his veto message, opponents saw today's House vote, nine short of the two-thirds needed to override, as a victory. ''This vote is very good news for us,'' said a senior Administration trade official insisted on not being identified. Retailers Express Relief Ronni Nass, vice president of imports for the McCrory Corporation, a retail chain, and a director of the American Association of Exporters and Importers, said her organizations were ''relieved that this restrictive bill will not be enacted.'' But proponents have not yet conceded. Daniel K. Frierson, chairman of the Fiber, Fabric and Apparel Coalition for Trade, the principal lobbying force for the bill, said today's vote was the ''largest victory margin ever recorded for this legislation on final passage in the House of Representatives'' and urged the President to sign the bill. This is the third time in the last five years that the textile industry has sought protection from Congress. President Ronald Reagan vetoed legislation twice, and both times the House failed to override his veto. Powerful Opposition One reason it has been harder for the industry to win a bigger vote in the House is that both the chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, Dan Rostenkowski, Democrat of Illinois, and the chairman of the Ways and Means trade subcommittee, Sam M. Gibbons, Democrat of Florida, have strongly opposed protection. As Mr. Rostenskowski put it today in his floor remarks: ''This textile bill is protectionist, it is anti-competitive, it is regressive, and it makes the Congress appear hypocritical.'' The United States apparel industry is already highly protected. Under the so-called Multifiber Arrangement of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the United States and other developed countries have taken special measures to curb imports from third world countries. The United States has negotiated more than 1,000 quotas with 38 countries, which means that about three-quarters of all textile imports are already under some restriction. | Curb on Textile Imports Is Passed by the House |
383679_1 | Providence and Warwick, and instead nominated as their candidate a businessman, Bruce Sundlun, who insisted that he was not a politician at all, his two previous races against the Republican Governor, Edward D. DiPrete, notwithstanding. ''There is definitely a mood of change in this country,'' said Mark Gearan, executive director of the Democratic Governors Conference. ''Candidates who were able to capitalize on that were successful.'' Nonetheless, it remained difficult to oust incumbents. A Maryland Representative, Roy Dyson, was renominated by Democratic voters, perhaps because his opponent could not afford enough television time to reach voters. An important element of the voter mood of frustration this year, particularly in suburban jurisdictions, is an anger at crowding, traffic congestion, noise and dirt. ''It is one of those unexpressed, inchoate grievances among the electorate here,'' Bill Bradley, who publishes a newsletter on California Politics, said in Sacramento. ''Growth is a huge issue here. Both candidates for governor are trying to incorporate what they describe as their support of growth management into their campaigns.'' Issue of Growth The issue of growth has become a way in which many voters express the belief that government is on the side of powerful interests, instead of ordinary people, politicians said. ''The people of this county can control their own interests,'' Neal Potter said after capturing the nomination for Montgomery County Executuve against the incumbent, Sidney Kramer. Mr. Potter, a 75-year-old Council member, ran on a platform to curb growth. The defeat of Mr. Kramer, who has served four years as the County Executive, was the most dramatic illustration. Steady growth in recent years has pushed Montgomery County's population to 750,000 people, making it the largest jurisdiction in Maryland. In a county that tends to vote Democratic, Mr. Potter has become the the favorite in November to defeat the Republican nominee, Albert Ceccone. Crowding in California Candidates in other areas are trying to show their concern about growth and the quality of voters' lives. Dianne Feinstein, the Democratic candidate for governor of California, has called for a growth management commission, while her Republican opponent, Senator Pete Wilson, has been citing his experience in managing growth as Mayor of San Diego. In June, Californians approved a gasoline tax increase on the promise that the money would be used to alleviate freeway crowding. Concern about growth and suspicion toward government came through clearly in the voting across the country on | Primary Results Across U.S. Reflect Wide Outcry Against Politics as Usual |
383695_4 | ''life threatening'' medical problems, beginning in March 1985 and continuing at least through May 1988, when the claim document was filed. Those problems included surgery for a spinal tumor in April 1985, for a brain tumor less than two months later, and for a second brain tumor in April 1986. ''From 1985 to the present,'' the 1988 document continued, Mr. Lane ''has also suffered the residual effects of the numerous operations he underwent, the physical therapy, the radiation therapy, and the extensive medication, resulting in his being severely disrupted in his ability to concentrate, reason, think, understand and remember.'' No Disclosure Made During this time, Emerson Radio, which makes radios, stereo equipment, microwave ovens and other consumer electronics products, did not disclose to Wall Street or to its own investors that Mr. Lane, the company's chief executive, felt himself to be so gravely impaired during those three years. No mention of his medical problems has ever been made to shareholders. There are no clear legal guidelines on whether a top executive's health problems should be disclosed to the public, said Joel Seligman, a professor at the University of Michigan law school. Thus, each situation must be weighed on its own merits, with the answer hinging to some degree on the celebrity and perceived importance of the ailing executive, Mr. Seligman said. But Wesley S. Walton, a lawyer with Keck, Mahin & Cate in Chicago and a specialist in corporate disclosure standards, said: ''It certainly sounds important to me as to whether the C.E.O. is incapacitated, or appears to be. If he has said that in effect he was incapacitated, I think a reasonable investor would consider that to be material.'' How Serious a Problem Jay M. Haft, a lawyer who is chairman of Emerson's executive committee and who served as an independent director of Emerson Radio throughout Mr. Lane's medical ordeal, said his impression was that Mr. Lane's health problems were not serious enough to warrant disclosure. ''The board was not aware of the details of his arbitration claim until very recently,'' Mr. Haft said on Tuesday. ''But my observation as an independent director was that during short periods of time he had some physical problems, but it was not a period that would cause the board to examine any such issues as a disability leave. We didn't consider it a material matter.'' In any case, he added, ''this is | Investor's Claim Has Marital Twist |
383651_0 | LEAD: A Federal hearing officer recommended on Tuesday that construction proceed on a long-delayed pipeline that would carry natural gas from Canada to the United States. A Federal hearing officer recommended on Tuesday that construction proceed on a long-delayed pipeline that would carry natural gas from Canada to the United States. ''There is a need for the project,'' said Walter Alprin, administrative law judge at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, in recommendations to the commission. The Iroquois Gas Transmission System project, which would bring gas into the Northeast, has had numerous delays. Run by a partnership of United States and Canadian energy companies, it would carry 576 million cubic feet of gas a day. The pipeline would move the energy equivalent of 25 million to 30 million barrels of oil a year to Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York and Rhode Island. Some opponents of the pipeline say it will unfairly compete with United States energy suppliers. In addition, there have been objections to the proposed route from some environmental groups and some people who live near the route. Final approval for the 370-mile pipeline is subject to a vote by agency commissioners that is expected by November. In addition to recommending approval of the pipeline, Mr. Alprin said the commission should reconsider the rates the Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company of Houston would charge its customers for its part in the project. | Pipeline Project Is Endorsed |
383606_0 | LEAD: A former senior Cuban official involved in recent negotiations with the Soviet Union said today that Moscow's moves toward a market economy and scheduled cuts in Soviet aid to Cuba would cripple the island's economy within a year and a half unless radical policy changes were introduced by President Fidel ''The honeymoon has ended and now Cuba has no opportunity for re-exporting oil,'' Mr. Gonzalez said at a conference sponsored by the University of Miami's Research Institute of Cuban Studies. ''Even if they wanted to, the Soviets have no capability to maintain the kind of financial aid they have maintained during the last 30 years.'' Drastic Cuts Ahead While Cuban officials have spoken in general terms about major changes in relations between the Soviet Union and Cuba, Mr. Gonzalez is the first Cuban involved in the negotiations with Moscow to reveal substantial details. In tense discussions in Moscow and Havana early this year, Mr. Gonzalez said, the Soviet Union informed Cuba of its intention to reduce its support drastically in almost every area of economic aid, from barter trade to subsidized prices for Cuban products and low-interest debt financing. While Cuban officials reacted with surprise when the Soviet newspaper Izvestia published previously secret information on Cuba's debt to Moscow this year, Mr. Gonzalez said that he learned in a meeting with Carlos Rafael Rodriguez, the vice president of the Cuban Council of Ministers, that the Soviet debt figure of 15 billion rubles was, by Cuban calculations, at least 2 billion rubles too low. The difference took on special importance, Mr. Gonzalez said, because of a warning by a Soviet Deputy Prime Minister, Leonid Abalkin, during a visit to Havana in April that Cuba's debt to the Soviet Union would be payable in dollars beginning in 1995, at an exchange rate to be determined this year. 'Special Period' Lies Ahead Cuba has reacted to these and other changes in its ties with the Soviets by preparing people for what the Havana Government has called a ''special period in a time of peace,'' an era of draconian austerity that began recently when the Government announced steep reductions in supplies of electricity and gasoline. After an initial period of hostility toward President Mikhail S. Gorbachev's restructuring program in the Soviet Union, Mr. Castro has reverted to a largely conciliatory tone. But Mr. Gonzalez said that official Cuban disenchantment with the dwindling Soviet | Cuban Defector Tells of Soviet Cuts |
386737_0 | LEAD: Living plants would be essential aboard any long space flight, like one to Mars, as a means of replenishing oxygen, consuming carbon dioxide, purifying water and providing a renewable food source. But in a weightless environment, even the simple act of watering presents a formidable challenge. Living plants would be essential aboard any long space flight, like one to Mars, as a means of replenishing oxygen, consuming carbon dioxide, purifying water and providing a renewable food source. But in a weightless environment, even the simple act of watering presents a formidable challenge. Scientists at the Boeing Company's Defense and Space Group recently received an $864,000 contract from NASA to study gardening in space. The Seattle company will design an experiment to fly aboard a space shuttle by 1993 that it hopes will provide a better understanding of how plants can be grown aboard spacecraft or on the moon and Mars. ''Growing plants in space is difficult because there is no gravity to influence plant growth and control water flow,'' said Mel Oleson, a Boeing scientist working on the project. ''Water must be contained in a space environment or it will form into globules and float away.'' One means that Boeing is investigating for controlling water is the use of permeable or semipermeable membranes to which plant roots would adhere and draw nutrient-laden water. In the experiment, photographs and samples will be taken of the nutrient flow in space to see whether the fluids and membranes behave in the weightless environment the way Earth-based experiments predict they will. | Business Technology; Gardening in Space: A Hard Row to Hoe |
386767_0 | LEAD: E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company and the American National Can Company have agreed on a recycling program for plastic. The companies said they would work to develop a market for recycled syrup and ketchup container and other types of rigid plastic not now being widely recycled. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company and the American National Can Company have agreed on a recycling program for plastic. The companies said they would work to develop a market for recycled syrup and ketchup container and other types of rigid plastic not now being widely recycled. American National Can will also work with the Plastic Recycling Alliance, a joint venture of Du Pont and Waste Management Inc. of Oak Brook, Ill., to develop technology to sort plastic for recycling. The program is expected to start next year. COMPANY NEWS | Du Pont in Plan To Recycle Plastic |
386723_0 | LEAD: The United States tobacco industry recorded a trade surplus of $2.5 billion for the first half of 1990, an increase of $554 million from the corresponding period last year, an industry group said on Monday. The United States exported $2.95 billion worth of tobacco products and raw leaf in the first six months of 1990, said Thomas Slane, a vice president of the Tobacco Merchants Association. The United States tobacco industry recorded a trade surplus of $2.5 billion for the first half of 1990, an increase of $554 million from the corresponding period last year, an industry group said on Monday. The United States exported $2.95 billion worth of tobacco products and raw leaf in the first six months of 1990, said Thomas Slane, a vice president of the Tobacco Merchants Association. The United States imported $463 million worth of tobacco, most of which was bulk leaf, he said. | Tobacco Trade Surplus |
386722_0 | There is no self-pity, no wailing over lost youth among the real and fictional women who tackle the usually veiled subject of menopause in Yvonne Rainer's ''Privilege.'' Shrewd, self-accepting and lusty even as they talk about hot flashes, these women are the best news about the film. The worst is that anyone expecting a lucid, informative take on the issue has to wait for another movie. ''Privilege'' is not a documentary but an art film, and its diffuse artistry - a mix of interviews, dramatized stories, texts that appear on a computer screen and old film clips of doctors giving advice - dulls the edge of its provocative themes. Ms. Rainer, the choreographer and film maker, does not use this once-iconoclastic method effectively in ''Privilege,'' which desperately needs intellectual rigor. It is to be shown at the New York Film Festival at 6:15 tonight. Its narrative center is a film being made within the film, in which a black woman named Yvonne Washington interviews a white woman named Jenny, who recalls her days as a young woman in New York City. She calls this story a ''hot flashback,'' one of the film's clumsier attempts at humor, but a word that captures the stilted quality of her dramatized memoir. Jenny's one-time neighbors include a feuding Puerto Rican couple and a lesbian. Along with Ms. Washington, they suggest the connection between menopausal women and minority group members. In mainstream society, all are ''on the wrong side of privilege,'' the film announces. It's a long, flat road to this obvious conclusion. A fresher approach to the subject of women's identity is taken in ''Night Cries: A Rural Tragedy,'' the 17-minute film preceding ''Privilege.'' Written and directed by Tracey Moffatt, an Australian film maker, this unsentimental and self-consciously artificial work is set against the super-real painted backdrop of a flat blue sky. A belligerent middle-aged aboriginal woman cares for an elderly white woman, whom we discover to be her foster mother. At first, mother-daughter seems too strong a way to describe this painful attachment, but the film undermines any easy assumptions or conclusions. There is no dialogue, only sound effects and a heavily ironic song about the comfort of telephoning Jesus. ''Night Cries'' manages to be formally innovative and thought-provoking at once. Privilege Directed, written and edited by Yvonne Rainer; director of photography, Mark Daniels; a Zeitgeist Films Ltd. Release. At 6:15 tonight at | Women on the Subject of Menopause |
386725_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: In all the joyous festivities for the opening of the newly restored Ellis Island (news article, Sept. 10), the role played by one individual, who initiated the restoration of this historic site, seems to be overlooked. It was in 1974 that Peter Sammartino, appalled by the dreadful condition that the island and its buildings had fallen into, organized a restore Ellis Island committee. Dr. Sammartino hoped to rectify the decades of neglect of this most important national shrine, and it was only because of his efforts and those of the committee that restoration of the island and its buildings was begun. A plaque placed at Ellis Island in 1980 attests to his early work in this regard. It reads: ''In honor of Dr. Peter Sammartino, who as President of the Restore Ellis Island Committee, persuaded Congress to initiate the restoration of this historic island.'' It is to be hoped that in subsequent Ellis Island celebrations his role will be recalled. WILLIAM ROBERTS Associate Professor of History Fairleigh Dickinson University Hackensack, N.J., Sept. 10, 1990 | Give Peter Sammartino Ellis Island Credit |
383929_0 | LEAD: It is a sad indication of the insularity of American cinema that Theo Angelopoulos, a Greek director with international stature, is virtually unknown in the United States. The 53-year-old Athens-born film maker, whose 1988 epic ''Landscape in the Mist'' opens today at the Public Theater, belongs to a stately modernist tradition that embraces figures as divergent as Michelangelo Antonioni, Robert Bresson and Wim It is a sad indication of the insularity of American cinema that Theo Angelopoulos, a Greek director with international stature, is virtually unknown in the United States. The 53-year-old Athens-born film maker, whose 1988 epic ''Landscape in the Mist'' opens today at the Public Theater, belongs to a stately modernist tradition that embraces figures as divergent as Michelangelo Antonioni, Robert Bresson and Wim Wenders. ''Landscape in the Mist'' has already won many honors, and was the Greek entry for best foreign film in the Academy Awards last year. A slow-moving 126-minute work of exceptional beauty, ''Landscape in the Mist,'' which is the final part of a trilogy, elevates the story of two runaway children in contemporary Greece into an elegiac allegory of initiation into a forbidding modern world. Like Mr. Antonioni's ''Avventura'' (1961), the work it most strongly recalls, ''Landscape in the Mist'' is the search for someone who is not there, which becomes a symbolic quest for value in a world that has grown spiritually hollow. In ''L'Avventura,'' the search is occasioned by the unaccountable disappearance of a woman during a yachting expedition. In ''Landscape in the Mist,'' the quest is more anguished and hopeless. Having been brought up by their mother to believe that their father lives and works somewhere in Germany, 11-year-old Voula and her 5-year-old brother, Alexander, stow away on a train, hoping to find him. Early in the film, however, it is revealed that the father's existence was just their mother's convenient fabrication. A situation that could easily be milked for pathos is treated by the director as a visionary pilgrimage across contemporary Greece during which the children begin to learn about work, money, love and violence. In the roles of Voula and Alexander, Tania Palaiologou and Michalis Zeke give grave tight-lipped performances that never grasp at sentimentality. Instead of weepy lost children, they are tough little travelers who clutch onto their dreams as if they were indestructible teddy bears. Along the way, they meet many people, the two most significant | Review/Film; A Search for a Fictive Father |
383868_4 | maintain its traditional patriarchal structures and processes.'' Only two weeks ago, Women for Faith and Family, a St. Louis-based traditionalist organization, also asked the bishops to reject the draft and abandon their effort. The pastoral letter, the group said, threatened to compromise traditional church teaching, encourage dissent and increase polarization among Catholics. Amendment Was Proposed Earlier a group of seven bishops sent Bishop Imesch an amendment for the November meeting that would have transformed the letter into a simple report from the drafting committee and called for further discussion with women. Last May, Archbishop Rembert G. Weakland of Milwaukee wrote in his diocesan paper that the letter should be dropped, saying that it evaded the question of women's leadership in the church and that ''the section in the new draft on the ordination of women comes as an even more chilling cold shower.'' The Leadership Conference of Women Religious, which brings together many of the leaders of religious orders of women, also said last month that the project should be dropped. The church was ''not ready'' for the kind of self-criticism implied in ''its insistence on the fundamental equality of all persons,'' the group said, although it applauded the drafting commitee's ''effort to take the unique experience and insights of women seriously.'' Groups of Catholic women voiced similar opposition when consultations on the letter began in the mid-1980's, but that criticism was somewhat muted after the first draft in 1988 cited both liberal and conservative testimony from Catholic women and seemed to create openings for further discussion of the most controversial issues. 'Voices Heard Are Negative' Bishop Imesch rejected the conclusion that the church was too divided to reach a consensus. ''The only voices being heard are the negative ones,'' he said. So far the committee has received responses to the April draft from only 40 of the church's 185 dioceses, he said. In one precedent for international consultation on pastoral letters, the Vatican summoned American bishops to Rome to consult with bishops from NATO nations before the Americans issued their 1983 statement on war and peace. Unofficial accounts of that meeting have portrayed it as subjecting the American bishops to harsh criticism, but Bishop Imesch said he did not foresee anything of that nature if the consultation included strong representation from other Western nations where discussions of issues of sexual equality are similar to those in the United States. | Split, Catholic Bishops Defer Proposals on Women's Issues |
382262_1 | and helped write the hourlong report, shows how population pressures have moved the Governments of Brazil and Costa Rica to open up ''the garden of planet Earth'' to developers - in some cases, builders of new cities; in others, farmers and cattle ranchers. Mr. Kurtis observes that the forests, home to an astounding variety of plants and animals, are proving ''no match for the human species.'' Yet he is not without sympathy for the people who, in their efforts to make a living and build a future for their children, resemble North American homesteaders when the West was opened. Although the program does not neglect the ecological cost of the burning and bulldozing of vast sections of the rain forests, it concentrates more on the campesinos who are settling their countries' frontier areas. They soon find that the soil of the rain forests is not rich enough to support crops. The sun and moisture remain high up in the trees, where they produce ''a canopy full of food'' that is of more use to the creatures that thrive there than to the humans below. As a result, the farmers turn to raising cattle, which demands more and more grazing land. Along with timber cutters and gold miners, they, too, are moving ever deeper into the forests. While acknowledging that political pressures often work to the benefit of the prosperous, including urban professionals who have taken advantage of Government subsidies to invest in cattle, Mr. Kurtis also notes that the opening of the rain forests holds out opportunities to the poor. To the homesteader, the argument that he may be harming future generations is less urgent than the likelihood that, if he does not go into the rain forest, his children will not survive to produce those future generations. One of the environmentalists interviewed here acknowledges that the issue is not simply between bounteous nature and human greed, as it is so often framed, but between conflicting needs. The solution, he says, is to find ways to use the forests' rich resources to help people build decent lives - and to do it soon. To its credit, ''The Rain Forest Imperative'' does not pretend that any such accommodation between preservation and progress will be easy to achieve. If you require more on the subject, it is covered in a four-part ''Frontline'' report on the Brazilian rain forest, ''The Decade of Destruction,'' | TV Weekend; David Lynch's Particular Outlook on Mardi Gras |
382973_6 | about $43 for Spetses. For reservations in Greece, call 325-3640. Future Shock For Air Travel Asked what they would like in airlines, participants in a recent survey had some glorious fantasies: ''Get rid of the peanuts,'' ''individual VCR's instead of crummy movies'' and ''no-frills middle-of-the-night flights'' were a few responses. But other suggestions showed that frequent travel causes riders to yearn for some basics - faster check-in procedures, cheaper fares and better service. The question on improving air travel was included with the Zagat hotel survey for 1990. The Zagats, Tim and Nina, began publishing their surveys on restaurants and in 1988 added hotels and resorts. This spring their second hotel survey, which was filled out by 5,400 unpaid participants who were on the road at least 47 days a year, included brief sections on airlines and car rentals. The airline section was returned by 4,400 participants of whom 61 percent were men and 39 percent women. Here are some airline ideas, realistic and otherwise: Contour head rests; telescopes for window viewing; quiet zones - no movies, seat-belted study; limo-taxi pickup at the plane for passengers with no luggage; a good sandwich instead of mush, a la carte dining, vegetarian meals available without prior notice; discounts for frequent fliers, no bogus trips; automatic discounts for frequent-flier miles if planes are late; showers in first class. The survey will be published in December. MYSTIC SEAPORT BY LANTERN LIGHT Lantern-light tours of Mystic Seaport are scheduled for Dec. 5 to 21, from 5 to 9 nightly except Tuesday. Tickets go on sale Oct. 1. In these one-hour tours, costumed guides lead groups of 16 people through the reconstructed 19th-century museum village in eastern Connecticut, visiting shops and vessels. Unlike the daylight Christmastime tours, curators and interpreters on the evening tours take 19th-century roles, enacting scenes showing the evolution of Christmas observances from the Puritan days of the early 19th century to the Victorian period when the Christmas tree became well established. Twenty tours go out each evening, and 150 people are used in the presentations. Mystic Seaport, on Exit 90 off Interstate 95, is also reachable by Amtrak. Tickets for the evening tours are $12, $6.50 for children 2 to 12; it is not necessary to pay museum admission. Reservations are acepted by phone only, and tickets are mailed on receipt of a check or money order. The seaport number is 203-572-0711. | Travel Advisory |
382753_1 | station was attacked by youths, hacked with knives and axes and then set afire, according to a witness. Other hostel dwellers were believed to have been behind a retaliatory rampage that night that left up to six more local residents dead. Whatever the sequence of events, graffiti painted on a brick wall near the railway station entrance illustrated the antagonism between neighborhood residents and hostel dwellers. ''Death to Inkatha,'' it proclaimed. ''Inkatha killers not welcome. Inkatha warlords must die.'' Axes, Spears and Clubs At the hostel, men who said they feared to commute to work gripped axes, spears, homemade shields and clubs as they debated whether to charge a crowd of youths taunting them from across the road. Some residents wore red headbands to identify one another in the expected fight. Two of the migrants whiled away the tense wait honing their metal spearheads against concrete to a razor sharpness. When a hostel dweller returned home, his minibus taxi was stopped by the youths across the road, who dragged the man out 100 yards short of the hostel entrance. He broke free and sprinted home, dodging blows from a panga or African machete wielded by one pursuer. A platoon of black soldiers, deployed to discourage a pitched battle, watched but made no move to intervene. Such hostels were established during the years of influx control, a policy of draconian but ultimately ineffectual laws that barred blacks without passes from areas reserved for whites. Men seeking work were compelled to leave their families in the countryside and jam into single-sex hostels, where the monotony was broken on weekends by fights and drunkenness. The abandonment of influx control in 1986 after 17 million arrests for pass-law violations at last made it possible for migrants to bring in their families, but for the critical shortage of black housing. ''Because influx control was repealed, we don't see the necessity of the hostels,'' Soweto's Mayor, Sam Mkhwanazi, said in an interview. ''This system of separating people must come to an end.'' #125,000 in 31 Hostels Soweto's five hostels officially accommodate 13,000 residents, though some estimates of unofficial occupancy go as high as 39,000. Nearly 125,000 migrant workers live cramped in 31 hostels in townships like Soweto east and south of Johannesburg, where factional violence has flared. ''The conditions are very bad,'' Mayor Mkhwanazi said of Soweto's hostels. ''Toilets are stinking. Taps are broken. There are | Around Squalid South African Hostel, a Battleground in Factional Fighting |
382469_0 | LEAD: The Indira Gandhi Canal, the vast public-works project launched in 1958 to bring life-sustaining water to the province of Rajasthan in northwestern India, is by now helping to irrigate more than 1.5 million acres of once-arid land. Extending some 412 miles southwest from the confluence of the Beas and Satluj Rivers in Punjab, more or less parallel to the Pakistani border, the main canal was completed in 1987. But the project is far from finished; a network of tributary canals, more than 5,000 total miles in length, is slowly spreading across the desert (right) in the Bikaner and Jaisalmer districts, at the main canal's southern extremity. It is estimated that the work will take another 15 years to complete. The current annual cost - 704.5 million rupees, or approximately $41.4 million - is being borne mainly by the Rajasthan state government. The project employs some 5,200 laborers (including the bricklayers and mortar carriers shown above), who are paid between $35 and $90 per month (they also receive medical supplies and some food subisides), plus 300 engineers and 1,700 administration officials. According to G. P. Poddar, the press liaison for the canal project, labor shortages, weather conditions and the shifting of sand dunes have all contributed to slow the progress of construction. There were only 115 work days last year, he said. Tributaries to the northern stretch of the canal were constructed as the main canal itself inched south. As a result, those areas, barren for centuries, have long been reaping the benefits. Accompanying the construction has been a state-sponsored land distribution program, providing newly cultivable land to the landless. Last year, 370,000 tons of crops - including cotton, sugar cane and food grains - were produced on land irrigated by the canal. | Works in Progress; Greening the Desert |
385810_0 | LEAD: To the Editor: To the Editor: It's amazing how easily $1 billion falls from the lips of our public officials (editorial, Sept. 3). A taxpayer might ask why the New York City Department of Environmental Protection allowed the critical watershed areas to become so endangered. Development does not happen overnight, so who was responsible for monitoring the activities upstate? Was it the same ''planners'' who advocated spending many billions on upgrading water pollution control plants while ignoring the real problem for years, control of the combined storm-sanitary flows? A completely independent review of the system - from the collection source, delivery, use and treatment through discharge - is in order to assure city residents that any major investment in the system is based on the advice of the best qualified review team available. One priority that must be fully funded and even accelerated is New York City's third water tunnel, critical to maintaining our major delivery system's integrity. ''Sooner or later,'' you state, ''New York City will have to tap water from the Hudson.'' That option is fraught with problems and should be compared with others based on long-range planning, not short-range expedient. Tapping reliable upstate sources or ground-water pumping are just two of many options that should be looked at. Setting up an independent panel of water planners from the best in the country is the immediate order of business. IRWIN FRUCHTMAN Brooklyn, Sept. 3, 1990 The writer is a professional engineer. | Keep Developers Out of Our Water Sources; System Needs Study |
386684_1 | produces the fourth largest number of doctoral degree graduates in the arts and sciences in New York State, following Cornell, Columbia and N.Y.U. It is among the top 10 schools in the number of Ph.D. graduates in the arts and sciences in the nine states of the Northeast. * All CUNY students benefit from the Graduate School, which is a consortium of the colleges in the university. Most of the doctoral faculty of outstanding scholars contributes to undergraduate teaching as well, helping provide superior education. * Nine percent of Ph.D. candidates at CUNY are black and Hispanic, double the national average in arts and science programs and the highest in New York State. We are committed to increasing this percentage. * Of the enrolled Ph.D. students this year, two-thirds filed applications for financial aid, and one-third demonstrated the highest category of financial need under strict Federal standards, an amount often impossible to provide with all available sources of aid. Only one-fifth of our doctoral students receive fellowship support. * Contrary to Professor Cantor's assertions, approximately two-thirds of the undergraduate students at Queens College and four-fifths from Brooklyn College come from families that earn less than $42,000 a year. Most of these students work part time or full time while attending college to contribute to their family income. * The City University of New York, the most ethnically diverse public institution of higher education in the country, still serves the poor, the middle class and the children of immigrants - in accordance with its historic mission and without invoking invidious class distinctions. More than half the students in our senior colleges come from families earning less than $28,000 a year; almost two-thirds work at least part time. Their persistence should be encouraged and celebrated, not belittled. * The 1990 Standard & Poor's national survey of 70,000 corporate executives shows that more business leaders earned bachelor degrees from CUNY than from any other university in the country, including Yale and Harvard. Almost two-thirds of these executives still live or work in the New York area, employing thousands of people and repaying many times over in taxes the public investment in a CUNY education. The City University and the Graduate School shine brightly as jewels that all New Yorkers should treasure and protect, as invaluable assets for the future. W. ANN REYNOLDS Chancellor City University of New York New York, Sept. 17, 1990 | CUNY and SUNY Serve New York Proudly |
386660_7 | of the Yanomami. While some Venezuelans fear that they are about to witness a replay of the cultural and physical disintegration of Yanomami that started in Brazil in the late 1980's, the Government has sought to limit the miners' activities. ''On Saturday, the National Guard arrested 12 Colombians and seized their equipment, water pumps and two shotguns,'' Lieut. Toksen Hon of the Venezuelan Army said in an interview last week at the airport of Puerto Ayacucho, capital of Amazonas. An equal number of miners escaped into the jungle, said the officer, who took part in the raid, the second in two days on mining camps on the banks of the Orinoco. In a typical case last June, when Venezuela's Defense Minister flew to a Yanomami area to inaugurate a new army base, his helicopter pilot spotted 12 Brazilian miners in Venezuela. The miners were arrested and expelled to Roraima Territory in Brazil. Malaria Spreading Fast To keep Brazilian miners out of the area, Mr. Perez and the President of Brazil, Fernando Collor de Mello, met on July 20 at a Venezuela border town facing Roraima. Out of the meeting came an agreement on joint cooperation on raids against miners and sharing of satellite photograph information about the sites of illegal jungle airstrips. ''We hear of 500 Brazilian miners here and 500 miners there,'' Maria Luisa Allais, Venezuela's Director of Indigenous Affairs, said in a recent interview as she studied a map of Amazonas in her office at the Education Ministry here. In Brazil, the miners have caused a malaria epidemic by moving constantly through the rain forest and by using water-blasting mining techniques that create stagnant pools where mosquitos breed. Now, malaria is spreading fast in Venezuela's Amazon. ''Malaria has worsened in the last two years among the Yanomami,'' Monica Perret, a Venezuelan doctor, said here. Recovering from a bout of malaria she picked up while attending the Indians, Ms. Perret said a study by a state health program, Parima-Culebra, found that in Ocamo, as many as 50 percent of the Indians fell ill with malaria this year. History indicates that the Venezuelan President's initiative to create a tribal reserve cannot come too soon. On a wall at the Amazon Ethnological Museum in Puerto Ayacucho, a display lists the 37 Indian tribes that lived in Venezuela in 1492. Today only seven survive as distinct communities with more than 5,000 people. | Reserve for Primitive Tribe Promised in 6 Months |
384723_0 | LEAD: French farmers have stepped up their violent attacks on trucks hauling imported livestock in a protest that has divided France's Government and renewed tensions with Britain. French farmers have stepped up their violent attacks on trucks hauling imported livestock in a protest that has divided France's Government and renewed tensions with Britain. Jolted by a drought and declining meat prices, France's cattle and sheep farmers have stormed Government buildings and hijacked more than 20 trucks over the past month as they demand $1 billion in emergency aid. But French budget officials, already worried about rising oil prices and the cost of deploying troops to the Persian Gulf, say they do not have the money. When Agriculture Minister Henri Nallet, the main target of the farmers' wrath, indicated that he wanted to provide more aid, Budget Minister Michel Charasse publicly asked him where the money would come from. The protest by the French farmers continues despite a $225 million aid package announced by the Government two weeks ago. Under the aid program, which has been denounced by the farmers as inadequate, the Government is assuming more of the costs of farm loans and has agreed to subsidize some of the farmers' grain purchases. About 12,000 angry farmers marched on Thursday through the town of Nevers in central France, where Finance Minister Pierre Beregovoy is Mayor. The farmers clashed with 2,000 riot police officers, pelting them with rocks, bottles, metal bolts and dung. French farmers have also kept up their attacks on trucks carrying imported cattle, lambs and meat. British, Dutch and German truckers say they feel terrified when they drive into France, where the farmers have assembled roadblocks of hay, nails and burning tires. French farmers set fire to one truckload of British sheep, killing 219 of them. They poisoned 94 sheep on one truck, slit the throats of sheep on another and doused animals on a third truck with insecticide to prevent their meat from being sold. British officials have angrily criticized the French Government for not doing more to stop such tactics. John Gummer, Britain's Agriculture Minister, said the French authorities should ''insure that trade can flow freely, which is fundamental to the operation of the European Community.'' Responding to the violence against British cargoes, 70 store owners in Wales, the heartland of Britain's sheep industry, announced a boycott of French goods. Marks & Spencer, the British department | French Protest of Sheep Imports Turns Ugly |
381575_4 | nations is 49 years of age, compared with 73 in the developed world. The 400 million people in these nations make up 8 percent of the world's population. The chief political battle at the two-week conference will be over devising new foreign aid guidelines, and the fight will be over fractions of a percentage point. The poorest nations want the industrialized nations to raise their aid to them to 20 one-hundredths of 1 percent of their gross national product, more than double the current aid level of nine one-hundredths of 1 percent. Target Set in 1981 The wealthier nations set a target at the 1981 meeting to increase their aid to 15 one-hundredths of 1 percent of their gross national product. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United States donates four one-hundredths of 1 percent of its gross national product to the poorest nations; Japan gives seven one-hundredths of 1 percent; France gives about 15 one-hundredths of 1 percent; and some Scandinavian nations give more than 20 one-hundredths of 1 percent. Some officials say industrial nations should commit themselves to reaching the goal of 15 one-hundredths of 1 percent goal within five years, while other officials want no goal at all, saying they will make their best efforts to raise aid to these poor nations. Many nations fear that if they are committed to greatly increase aid to the poorest nations, they will then shortchange aid to other nations. Last year, the industrialized world - the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan - gave slightly more than $12 billion in development aid to these 41 nations. Third world officials say that by the year 2000 this must be raised to $36 billion, in 1988 dollars, if the poorest nations are to achieve economic growth of 5 percent a year, enough to insure tangible improvements in living standards. Lower Per Capita Income In the 1980's, economic growth in the poorest nations averaged 2.3 percent a year, while population grew by 2.6 percent a year. This meant that per capita income fell by nine-tenths of 1 percent for the poorest nations in the 1980's. Among the subjects to be discussed at the conference are how to limit population growth, how to give third world products greater access to Western markets and how to reduce these nations' reliance on commodities like coffee and cocoa. | Richer Nations Are Asked To Double Their Aid to Poor |
381901_0 | LEAD: A gateway to the ranching frontier of the eastern Amazon, this rough and ready town recently topped a census list as Brazil's fastest growing city in the 1980's. Such denunciations are almost weekly fare at the office here of the Pastoral Land Commission of the Roman Catholic Church, said the Rev. Paulo Joamil da Silva, the coordinator. ''The cases keep increasing,'' Father da Silva said. ''Workers are watched by dogs and by armed foremen. At night they are chained up.'' Such accounts show how distant reality can be from the Amazon dream for thousands of fortune seekers who flock to this muncipality of 270,000 people in Para State. Maraba's population grew in the 1980's at an annual rate of 17.5 percent, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Para leads the nation in cases of slave labor, according to the national office of the Pastoral Land Commission. Last year, eight ranches around here were denounced for the practice in cases involving 195 workers. ''It's a frontier area where the law hasn't made its mark,'' said Todd Crider, who visited here in July to research a report on the problem for Americas Watch, the New York-based human rights group. ''These are poor people, transient people who get lost.'' Gerlom Alves da Silva, a teen-ager, described in a report to the commission how he and his brother, Gernaldo, were kidnapped and forced into slave labor on a ranch last January. ''They locked us in an oven, then beat us with electric cords,'' he told commission investigators. ''We slept on the ground and were fed only leftovers.'' Gerlom said he and his brother escaped after 27 days on the ranch. In March, the police freed 135 men working without pay and under death threats on the Arizona ranch in Redencao, 200 miles south of here. As is customary here, the raid did not lead to prosecutions. Ten men, including the foreman, were arrested. Ten weeks later, they were released without charges. ''After the investigation, we concluded that the charges were not legitimate,'' Diego Martins da Leao, the police clerk, told Mr. Crider. ''The workers contrived the story to escape from debt they owed the rancher.'' At the courthouse here, Izilda Pastana, the presiding judge, said her court had ''more important priorities.'' Citing a string of unprosecuted homicides, she said the judicial district has four detectives, no coroner and a jail | Slavery Helps Build a Boomtown in Amazon |
381954_1 | North American forests are healthy,'' its computer projections also found that acid rain may produce nutrient deficiencies that would lead to forest decline in the decades ahead.It also found that acid rain may be contributing to the decline of sugar maples in some areas of eastern Canada, although the maple problem is related to ''localized soil nutrient deficiencies.'' Key Sources of Emissions The report confirmed that emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, many of them originating at coal-fired power plants in the Midwest, are, as scientists have long believed, the source of acid precipitation - acidic rain, snow, fog and dry particles. Ozone, a pollutant formed in the lower atmosphere when volatile chemicals from auto exhausts and other sources react with sunlight, also contributes to the damage attributed to acid rain, the report said. At a news briefing today, members of the study group said that the findings provide a firmer basis for policy making. But they conceded that the study, which cost $537 million to prepare, left a number of important questions unanswered, including the economic cost of acid rain damage. James R. Mahoney, director of the program, said that the findings were surrounded by ''considerable uncertainty.'' But he also said that the work of the program ''significantly reduced the scientific uncertainties about acidic deposition processes and effects.'' ''Many, but not all, of the scientific consensus views reported in the early 1980's have been supported by more recent studies,'' he said, ''but the more extreme views in both directions expressed by some individual scientists and in some of the media have been rendered unlikely to be correct.'' Dr. Mahoney said that energy conservation should be first of the list of permanent measures to be taken to resolve the long-term problem of acid rain. Reactions Are Mixed Industry groups said the report showed that damage from acid rain was less than feared and that there was no need to rush into expensive control measures. Thomas R. Kuhn, president of the Edison Electric Institute, an association of privately owned electric utilities, said, ''The most compelling results of the study point out that damage from acid rain is much less than we feared in the late 1970's and early 1980's.'' Environmentalists said the report included little that was new and made little difference in terms of policy. David Hawkins, a lawyer and air pollution expert for the Natural Resources Defense Council, | ACID RAIN REPORT CONFIRMS CONCERN |
386935_0 | LEAD: Women over the age of 55 can keep their bones strong and probably prevent fractures by consuming every day the amount of calcium contained in three glasses of milk, a study has found. Women over the age of 55 can keep their bones strong and probably prevent fractures by consuming every day the amount of calcium contained in three glasses of milk, a study has found. ''Evidence is mounting that calcium matters,'' said Dr. Bess Dawson-Hughes, director of the study. ''Here is the first real proof that it makes a difference in older women.'' The study found that women past menopause who increased their calcium intake to the recommended daily allowance of 800 milligrams completely stopped the otherwise slow, steady erosion of bone in their hips, wrists and spines. Older women typically consume half or less of the recommended amount of calcium. A loss of bone density, or osteoporosis, is a common crippling affliction of growing old. It affects an estimated 15 million to 20 million Americans and primarily strikes women after menopause, when their bodies make less of the hormone estrogen. Some dietitians have doubted that the consumption of calcium, while crucial for the young, helps older women. Dr. Dawson-Hughes and her colleagues conducted the study at the Federal Department of Agriculture's Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. The results are being published Thursday in The New England Journal of Medicine. Women often lose bone rapidly after menopause, typically around the age of 50. The latest study found that adding calcium does nothing to prevent bone loss in the first five years after menopause. But by about age 55, enough calcium in the diet can stop the erosion completely, the study said. Foods rich in calcium include milk, dark green vegetables and bony fish like sardines. The study involved 301 women with low calcium intake. Doctors tested 500-milligram daily doses of two forms of calcium: calcium carbonate, the type usually sold in calcium supplements, and calcium citrate malate. Calcium citrate malate worked better, stopping loss of bone in the spine, wrist and hip. Doctors said this form of calcium is absorbed more readily, although larger doses of calcium carbonate could achieve the same effect. Calcium citrate malate is commercially available only in Citrus Hill Plus Calcium brand of grapefruit and orange juice. Procter & Gamble, which makes the juices, co-sponsored the study with the Agriculture | Study Finds Calcium Helpful to Older Women |
386950_0 | LEAD: A Federal judge in New Orleans is the focus of a bribery investigation involving allegations that he accepted thousands of dollars in a deal for leniency in sentencing a defendant in a drug case. A Federal judge in New Orleans is the focus of a bribery investigation involving allegations that he accepted thousands of dollars in a deal for leniency in sentencing a defendant in a drug case. The inquiry involves Federal District Judge Robert F. Collins, 59 years old, who was appointed in 1978 by President Jimmy Carter as one of the first modern black Federal judges in the Deep South. Judge Collins, who has not been charged, had been a prominent civil rights lawyer and a judge in a state criminal district court. Attorney General Dick Thornburgh and William S. Sessions, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, personally approved the investigation, officials said. And the officials added that the case was being supervised at a high level, for two reasons: Judge Collins occupies a high office, and the Justice Department is under bitter attack from civil rights leaders who say it has singled out black officials for investigation and prosecution. Denial of 'Racist Agenda' At a news conference today, Mr. Sessions declined to discuss the case, but when asked about it, he pointed out that the bureau had previously investigated Federal judges who were white. ''I categorically deny that there is any political or racist agenda,'' he said. Civil rights leaders like Benjamin L. Hooks, head of the N.A.A.C.P., have repeatedly attacked the Bush Administration for what he calls a ''vicious assault on black leaders.'' Representative John Conyers Jr., a Michigan Democrat who is a member of the House Judiciary Committee, said in an interview today that he would soon call a hearing on ''institutionalized harassment committed or condoned by the criminal justice system.'' He added that he did not know enough about the Collins investigation to determine whether it would be considered. The F.B.I. investigation emerged last month when agents searched the judge's chambers in a raid that stunned Lousiana's legal community. Judge Collins, who remains on the bench, is removing himself from considering any case in which the Government is a party or in which a Federal employee is a witness. Ralph Capitelli, Judge Collins's lawyer, would not discuss the inquiry and rejected a reporter's request to speak with the judge, who has | Federal Judge Is Focus of Bribe Inquiry |
384113_0 | LEAD: American and Australian warships fired warning shots before boarding an Iraqi tanker in the Gulf of Oman today in a coordinated action to enforce the trade embargo against Iraq, Administration officials said. American and Australian warships fired warning shots before boarding an Iraqi tanker in the Gulf of Oman today in a coordinated action to enforce the trade embargo against Iraq, Administration officials said. The Iraqi ship refused to stop and allow the Americans and Australians to board until the shots were fired. After the boarding party found that the tanker, the Al Fao, held no cargo, the ship was allowed to sail on to the southeastern Iraqi port of Basra. While other ships have been boarded, the incident today was the first forcible boarding of a vessel in the Persian Gulf crisis. It was also the first time shots had been fired by Americans in the region since the United Nations Security Council adopted a tough resolution last month that Washington has interpreted as allowing the use of force to block shipping to and from Iraq. The resolution was long sought by the United States. Further Pressure on Embassies As the boarding of the vessel was reported, Iraq put further pressure today on the 15 or more nations that have refused to close their embassies in Kuwait since Iraq invaded the country on Aug. 2. France announced that Iraqi soldiers stormed the French Ambassador's residence, seizing the military attache and three other French nationals. The attache was released later, but the other three were being held at an undisclosed location. [Page 4.] Pentagon officials also disclosed today that the United States had agreed to sell Saudi Arabia $20 billion in advanced weaponry, trucks, F-15 fighters, and surface-to-air missiles over the next several years. The purchase, which exceeds previous estimates of its value, will be the single largest foreign sale of arms in American history. [Page 5.] President Bush, discussing the boarding of the Iraqi tanker, said the naval action was taken ''in accordance with the United Nations resolutions, in accordance with the sanctions.'' He said the shots were fired because ''it required a bit of a warning before the captain pulled over and permitted the boarding party to have a look.'' Asked if the events today in the Gulf region put the United States any closer to war, Mr. Bush replied: ''I wouldn't put it closer to a | AMERICAN WARSHIP FIRES A WARNING AT IRAQI TANKER |
384043_1 | superintendent of citywide programs, which works with the 15,000 most severely handicapped and retarded of the youngsters. Criticism of the board's Division of Special Education has been swelling for years. Last June, a Federal judge castigated the Chancellor's office for failing to meet deadlines for the evaluation of youngsters. The evaluations are required by settlement reached 11 years ago in a class action lawsuit known widely as the Jose P. case. Special education programs were intended for physically handicapped and mentally retarded youngsters and those with neurological impairments. But critics and some school officials say New York City's program has mushroomed during the last 15 years to include 115,575 students, including tens of thousands of youngsters who are not truly handicapped but who have behavior or learning deficiencies that teachers cannot or would rather not deal with. At the same time, a backlog of children waiting for evaluations prior to placement in special education programs has grown to 25,000 and the program has run short of trained evaluators and bilingual teachers. ''There has been very poor performance over the last year and a half or two years in terms of meeting the stipulations of the court order,'' said Norma Rollins, executive director of Advocates for Children, a civic group. ''It was a time of inactivity and not responsiveness.'' She noted that she was speaking about the division as a whole. One of every eight students in the school system is now enrolled in special education, and the program consumes more than one-sixth of the board's $6.5 billion budget. More than $15,000 is spent on an average pupil in special education, in contrast to $6,000 for children in regular classes. An aide to Mr. Fernandez, who declined to be named, suggested that the problems of special education were so complex that they had stymied earlier executive directors as well as Mr. Bayardelle. But under Mr. Bayardelle, the aide said, the program's costs had risen out of control and the division had not been able to keep track adequately of special education programs in the city's 32 school districts and of those run by the central board. The acting director, Mr. Rojas, is the 45-year-old son of Puerto Rican immigrants to the South Bronx, started his career as a special education teacher in the psychiatric division of Bellevue Hospital Center and at Spofford Juvenile Detention Center. Known to his colleagues as ''Bill,'' | Fernandez Replaces Director of Special Education Division |
383488_9 | stalwart front-line nations such as Turkey and Egypt. And I am also heartened to report that this international response extends to the neediest victims of this conflict - those refugees. For our part, we have contributed $28 million for relief efforts. And this is but a portion of what is needed. I commend, in particular, Saudi Arabia, Japan and several European nations who have joined us in this purely humanitarian effort. There is an energy-related cost to be borne as well. Oil-producting nations are already replacing lost Iraqi and Kuwaiti output. More than half of what was lost has been made up. And we're are getting superb cooperation. If producers, including the United States, continue steps to expand oil and gas production, we can stabilize prices and guarantee against hardship. Additionally, we and several of our allies always have the option to extract oil from our strategic petroleum reserves, if conditions warrant. As I have pointed out before, conservation efforts are essential to keep our energy needs as low as possible. And we must then take advantage of our energy sources across the board: coal, natural gas, hydro and nuclear. Our failure, our failure to do these things has made us more dependent on foreign oil than ever before. And finally, let no one even contemplate profiteering from this crisis. We will not have it. Resolve on Kuwait I cannot predict just how long it will take to convince Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait. Sanctions will take time to have their full intended effect. We will continue to review all options with our allies, but let it be clear: We will not let this aggression stand. Our interest, our involvement in the gulf, is not transitory. It predated Saddam Hussein's aggression and will survive it. Long after all our troops come home, and we all hope it's soon, very soon, there will be a lasting role for the United States in assisting the nations of the Persian Gulf. Our role, then, to deter future aggression. Our role is to help our friends in their own self-defense. And something else: to curb the proliferation of chemical, biological, ballistic missile and, above all, nuclear technologies. And let me also make clear that the United States has no quarrel with the Iraqi people. Our quarrel is with Iraq's dictator, and with his aggression. Iraq will not be permitted to annex Kuwait. And that's | Confrontation in the Gulf; Transcript of President's Address to Joint Session of Congress |
383485_0 | LEAD: Patagonia Inc., known for its outdoor clothing, and Smith & Hawken, which sells gardening tools, and outdoor furniture and clothing, today announced an agreement with an international conservation group under which the companies will buy millions of buttons made from the ivory-like nut of the tagua palm, a tree that grows in the rain forest of northwest The objective is to encourage the local population to preserve the rain forest and harvest a renewable crop instead of cutting down the trees for logs. In addition to buying buttons from Ecuadorean harvesters, the companies will pay a licensing fee to Conservation International, a Washington-based organization,. The fee will be used to market buttons and other products made from the tagua. Patagonia, based in Ventura, Calif., expects to buy $80,000 to $90,000 worth of buttons in the first year. Smith & Hawken, based in Mill Valley, Calif., plans to spend $50,000 to $60,000 on the tagua. The combined fee the companies will pay Conservation International is $50,000. The development of a new industry based on a local product would help promote economic growth in the area, where the annual per capita income is less than $1,000 a year, according to an official of the Corporacion de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Socio-Ambienta, an Ecuadorean conservation group that will coordinate the program. | 2 Companies Agree to Use Product From Rain Forest |
383389_1 | Americans all have cars!'' Alarmed by the flood of students going abroad - compared with the trickle of people returning - the Chinese Government early this year imposed restrictions that on their face prevented college graduates from going abroad to study until they have worked for five years. But ingenious young scholars are putting their minds to work evading the regulations. The most common method is to invent an aunt or uncle in Hong Kong or the United States, and take advantage of a clause allowing those with relatives abroad to pay fees instead of working for five years. ''We've had no significant change in the types of people who come in applying for student visas,'' an American diplomat here said. ''We're still seeing lots of recent college graduates who come in. The number of applicants and the number of issuances are both up.'' In August, for example, the United States Embassy in Beijing received 1,550 applications for student visas, compared with 1,371 applications in August 1989 and 949 applications in August 1988. The portion receiving visas has also risen, to 60 percent from 43 percent two years ago. There is no doubt that the new regulations have had an effect - many recent graduates say that they have postponed their plans to go abroad - so one explanation for the increase in the number of applicants is that it would have soared without the restrictions. ''Five members of my senior class are applying to American universities,'' a high school student in Beijing said. ''I could do very well here, and join the Communist Party, and find a suitable husband, and get a good job. But there are lots of limits on what we can do here, and I think I'll be better off with training in America.'' A young business executive said that a few years ago, a Japanese executive offered to pay for her to study in Japan. She refused, and these days she thinks she made a terrible mistake. ''Now I can see that if you have talent here, you're suppressed and harassed,'' she said. She complained about her cramped dormitory room, which she shares with three roommates, and about her company's plans to send her to work in a factory to gain an appreciation for manual labor. ''I'm optimistic about my own future,'' she said, ''because I plan to go abroad, but I'm pessimistic about China. | Frustrated Chinese Look to U.S. as a Haven |
384925_1 | of free land. The scenes of them cutting down century-old hardwood trees and then burning the stumps and underbrush to clear the land for planting are incidents in the war between needy humans and what is described here as ''the earth's richest factory of life.'' The viewer is torn. You want Chico and Renato, hard workers who ask for little more than survival, to succeed. But you know that as they moved deeper into the rain forest in a fruitless quest for productive land, they and hundreds of thousands like them were largely responsible for what the narrator calls a ''decade in which more living matter was destroyed than ever before in history.'' The land is not their only problem. When they intrude on the hunting grounds of an Indian tribe, the Uru Eu Wau Wau, photographed here for the first time, the Indians retaliate. Chico's house is ransacked; his oldest son is killed; another is severely wounded, and the youngest, a 7-year-old, is kidnapped. Here again, there are no villains; the Indians are making a hopeless last-ditch defense against their own destruction. In Mr. Cowell's telling, the peasants' struggles in the rain forest become a clash of elemental needs and instinctive reactions that in some ways resembles the opening of the American West. Tomorrow night's episode, ''Killing for Land,'' describes murderous battles between penurious homesteaders and the hired guns of prosperous ranchers. Whichever side wins, the forest loses. On Thursday, ''Mountains of Gold'' reports on the hundreds of thousands of illegal prospectors who have been attracted to the area's immense gold reserves. ''The Killing of Chico Mendes,'' on Friday, is an account of the career of the leader of the rubber tappers of the rain forest who drew international attention to the costs of deforestation and was killed for his efforts. ''The Decade of Destruction'' finds some hope in the Brazilian Government's recent efforts to fight fires and to preserve large parts of the rain forest, but they seem frail set against the needs of the poor and the greed of the rich, evidenced in this strong work. Mr. Cowell seems to be saying that man is a more powerful force of nature than the rain forest itself. The Decade of Destruction A four-part Frontline/Central Independent Television series; directed by Adrian Cowell; Michael Kirk, senior producer. At 9 tonight; 10 P.M., Wednesday through Friday, on Channels 13 and 49. | Review/Television; Man vs. Man vs. Nature in the Amazon Rain Forest |
384939_2 | will be different from those displayed for an impecunious sedentary bookworm. Some people find advertisements objectionable, but the ads allows Prodigy to be offered at a lower cost to the user than some competing systems: $119.40 a year, or $9.95 a month. Competing systems often attach a per-minute connection charge, and some also charge extra for premium services, like making airline reservations. Accordingly, there is a penalty for using these service to the fullest extent. Pricing is Prodigy's strong point. The flat fee removes the penalty and encourages exploration. Some schools we have visited are hoping to install Prodigy to link classroom computers with computers in other schools, allowing students to exchange information as well as download it from a data base. An exception to the pricing policy is Prodigy's electronic mail service. The first 30 messages each month are free, but extra messages are 25 cents each. That may seem like a lot of free messages, but one message a day makes a rather meager mailbag. Serious E-mail users are protesting seriously, and many are switching to competing services. Another area of concern is Prodigy's policy of ''screening'' electronic mail posted to public areas of the service, like forums on a variety of topics. Prodigy officials say they have the right and the need to edit or reject a subscriber's electronic messages because Prodigy is a family service. Private messages sent from one subscriber to another, a Prodigy spokesman said, are not screened. Prodigy also lacks gateways that allow mail to be exchanged with other electronic mail services, like MCI Mail or Compuserve, and it does not allow users to ''download'' files or append files to messages. ''They need more communications services and less interference,'' said Karen O. Nielsen, who analyzes the videotex industry for Link Resources Inc. of New York City. ''I understand their reasoning for screening, because there will be family members using the service. On the other hand, it impedes the flow of communications.'' Not all the messages are impeded, though; one irate Prodigy member reminded other members electronically that Genie, the General Electric Information Services Inc. of Rockville, Md., phone (301) 340-4000, offers unlimited and uninhibited messages for $4.95 a month and includes many features similar to Prodigy's. At least for now, though, Prodigy is the only service to offer an electronic encyclopedia without special fees. It is not just for kids. ''Don't tell anyone, | Instant Information |
384928_1 | Americas, and the Yanomami are the largest uncontacted group in the Americas.'' The expedition is part of a Venezuelan effort to survey the Yanomami and their Amazon lands with a goal of creating a tribal reserve. After ignoring the Yanomami for centuries, Venezuelans have been spurred to action by recent reports of physical decimation and cultural disruption of Yanomami in Brazil, where the tribe does not have a reserve. In Brazil, thousands of gold miners entered Yanomami lands in the late 1980's. Recently, the invasion spilled through the unmarked jungle into Venezuela. Seeking to avert a repetition of the Brazilian experience and to protect Venezuelan sovereignty, Venezuela's Government expelled hundreds of miners and in June inaugurated an army post to patrol the border area. Venezuela's President, Carlos Andres Perez, has expressed interest in creating a tribal reserve to protect a large part of the estimated 14,000 Yanomamis in his country. The survey has reached into one of the least explored regions of South America, the Siapa River Valley. Lifting off today from Puerto Ayacucho, the capital of Amazonas Territory, the Venezuelan Air Force helicopter quickly left behind a few farm fields clinging to the banks of the Orinoco River. Outfitted with two extra fuel tanks, the helicopter flew due south, toward an area marked on aeronautical charts with ''relief data unreliable.'' Flying in the several hundred feet of air space between low cloud cover and forest canopy, the helicopter passed black granite cliffs that rose sharply from the forest floor. Below was a sea of rain forest, broken occasionally by chocolate-colored rivers. Studying a radar survey map, Juan Carlos Ramirez, the expedition's logistician, identified mountain ranges - some as high as 7,000 feet. Studying the map of the Siapa River, he was unable to discern the mark of modern people on the river valley, which covers about 8,000 square miles. After a four-hour flight, Konabuma-teri was spotted, cratered in a bowl of mountains about one degree north of the Equator. In late August, the scientists discovered the village after nine hours of criss-crossing the uncharted area by helicopter. ''I had long thought that Konabuma-teri was a mythical village,'' recalled Mr. Chagnon, who had heard about it in interviews with tribesmen in less remote areas. Mr. Chagnon has studied the Yanomami in Venezuela since 1964. Stone Age Way of Life The largely unexplored Siapa River Valley may contain as many as | In an Almost Untouched Jungle, Gold Miners Threaten Indian Ways |
384944_0 | LEAD: ABOUT 50 miles north of this holy city on the Ganges in the foothills of the Himalayas, Indian and Soviet engineers have begun work on one of the world's highest dams. ABOUT 50 miles north of this holy city on the Ganges in the foothills of the Himalayas, Indian and Soviet engineers have begun work on one of the world's highest dams. The dam's builders say the project would be ''the savior of the region,'' with major benefits for agriculture and industry, but some scientists and environmental groups warn of an almost certain future disaster, in the form of an earthquake-spawned flood, if the dam is built. Opponents have marshaled an additional list of economic, social and ecological arguments against the dam. The builder of the 850-foot-high dam is the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation. It is a joint venture between the federal Government and Uttar Pradesh. In a position paper intended to answer critics' charges, the corporation says the dam would not only provide needed electrical energy for a poor state, but also irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres of farmland and create a lake large enough to sustain a fishing industry and recreational facilities. Drinking water could be piped to New Delhi, which faces shortages. ''In recent years,'' the corporation says, ''there has been a growing pressure by the environmentalists to safeguard the ecological balance. Many times, however, in their zeal to preserve the environment, they tend to ignore the naked reality that in a profound way poverty is itself the greatest polluter. Economic development is quite essential for reducing poverty.'' Indian opponents of the dam are seeking the support of their Soviet counterparts in trying to stop the project. A demonstration is planned next Friday at the dam site on the Bhagirathi River, the major source of the Ganges. ''If this dam breaks, a wall of water 600 feet high will come down over Rishikesh,'' an Indian official said, reflecting a division of opinion on the dam within the Government. Some Soviet engineers are also skeptical, Indian ecologists say. In January, a month after taking office, Prime Minister V. P. Singh promised to review the project, which he inherited from his predecessor, Rajiv Gandhi. But a committee of experts has yet to be formed, and preliminary work goes on at the site. Near a Major Fault The most dramatic argument by scientists and engineers who oppose building | Big Dam on Source of the Ganges Proceeds Despite Earthquake Fear |
384927_1 | A campaign to dynamite rain forest airstrips will resume next week in an effort to force all gold miners out of Yanomami Indian lands by the end of this year, the head of the Brazilian Indian protection service announced. A campaign to dynamite rain forest airstrips will resume next week in an effort to force all gold miners out of Yanomami Indian lands by the end of this year, the head of the Brazilian Indian protection service announced. On Sept. 5, two Yanomami and three miners were killed and a third Indian wounded after a group of miners fired on a Yanomami common house at Olomai. On Sept. 8, at Romaxe, another Yanomami common house in Brazil's Roraima territory, an Indian boy was severely wounded after a miner shot him in the head. Brazil's Attorney General, Aristides Junqueira, ordered the police to investigate the possibility of charging the miners under anti-genocide laws. Cantidio Guerreiro Guimaraes, the new president of the Indian agency, Funai, also announced that the police would begin a campaign on Sept. 20 to dynamite the clandestine dirt airstrips used by the miners to reach Indian lands. Last May, 13 of an estimated 200 strips were dynamited before seasonal rains suspended the program. The Funai official said the remaining 2,000 miners in the area would be expelled by the end of the year. One year ago, there were 40,000 miners in Yanomami lands in Brazil. Airstrips Reoccupied Driven by gold fever during the recent rainy season, miners repaired and occupied at least three of the bombed strips. Other miners, many armed, occupied two other airstrips, Paapayiu and Jeremias, which had served a Funai post. Facing death threats from the miners, Funai health workers and interpreters were evacuated from the two stations in early July. Later in July, Federal police retook Jeremias and in August they raided mining camps. The new bombing campaign is part of a $2 million program to establish five permanent health clinics in Yanomami territory. In the last two years about 1,200 of Brazil's 9,800 Yanomami have died, largely from imported diseases, according to a report by the Action for Citizenship, a Brazilian human rights group. Demonstrating another threat to the Indians, tests of blood samples taken from 18 sick Indians at a Funai post last November showed that 13 contained mercury levels over acceptable limits. Mercury is used by the miners to refine gold. | Agency to Destroy Jungle Airstrips |
385342_0 | LEAD: The National Cancer Institute said today that a nationwide study had found no increased risk of death from cancer for people living near nuclear power plants or other nuclear installations. The National Cancer Institute said today that a nationwide study had found no increased risk of death from cancer for people living near nuclear power plants or other nuclear installations. The institute surveyed 107 counties that have such installations or adjoin counties that do. It found that some counties had higher cancer death rates than counties without nuclear plants while others had lower rates. ''From the data at hand, there was no convincing evidence of any increased risk of death from any of the cancers we surveyed due to living near nuclear facilities,'' said John Boice, chief of the cancer institute's Radiation Epidemiology Branch. But Mr. Boice added that the size of the counties might have been too large to detect cancer risk to people living immediately around nuclear plants. ''No study can prove the absence of an effect,'' he said in a statement. Hope of Easing Anxiety Advocates of reviving the deeply depressed nuclear power industry said the study should help their efforts by easing public anxiety over the health effects of nuclear power. But opponents of nuclear power said that the study was flawed and inconclusive and that there were many other serious problems that made a revival of the nuclear power industry highly unlikely. Michael T. Rossler, nuclear programs director of the Edison Electric Institute, the trade association of the private electric utility industry, said: ''The study is helpful. It shows there is not a problem to individuals, that there is not a danger from radiation.'' But he added that he was not sure this one report would resuscitate the nuclear power industry because the industry faced other serious problems involving economics and regulatory procedures. Study 'Dilutes' the Risk Steven W. Unglesbee, a spokesman for the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness, a lobbying group that represents the commercial nuclear energy industry, noted that the cancer institute's report ''comes at a time when energy is definitely high on the national agenda, when environmental concerns are high on the national agenda and there is a growing need for electrical capacity for the coming decade.'' But Daryl Kimball, associate director for policy of Physicians for Social Responsibility, a national organization of medical professionals concerned with nuclear war and other | Study Finds No Increased Risk of Cancer Deaths Near Nuclear Sites |
385441_1 | but when the car runs over the paint, the tires seem to wear the paint off wherever they come to rest. What can I do to make this paint more durable? A. It's not a matter of the paint being worn off. What actually happens is that when the tires are hot after a long drive and stand on the paint, the heat softens the paint and lifts it off. There are a number of latex-base deck paints on the market now that resist this type of ''lifting,'' so chances are you would be best satisfied by repainting with one of these brands. Otherwise, you can let the car sit outside until the tires cool off before you pull it into the garage. Or you could put down some strips of carpet or pieces of plastic floor mat where the tires come to rest, protecting the floor paint from contact with the hot tires. Painting Old Walls Q. My old house is made of stone and stucco. One living room wall and bedroom wall have what one contractor describes as a ''calcimine condition.'' Another painting contractor told me that those walls must either be sandblasted clean, or covered with gypsum board. The existing paint lasted for 15 years before it started to peel. My local paint dealers have both told me that if the wall is washed down well, then painted with an alkyd primer sealer, it could then be painted successfully. What do you think? A. It's hard to tell from your description what is actually on the walls. Calcimine was widely used many years ago, but has not been around for at least 30 or 40 years. Without actually knowing what is on the wall, I would say that sandblasting would probably be the surest solution to any future problems, but chances are you don't have to go that far. I think you can get by with scraping off as much as you can (all that is loose or flaking), then scrubbing thoroughly with TSP or a similar strong cleaner. Wait till the surface is completely dry, then prime with an alkyd primer sealer and finish with an alkyd flat. Questions about home repair should be addressed to Bernard Gladstone, The New York Times, 229 West 43d Street, New York, N.Y. 10036. Questions of general interest will be answered in this column; unpublished letters cannot be answered individually. | Q&A |
380754_0 | LEAD: Families who have disabled or impaired children need to take particular care in estate planning. Generally, this means putting assets in trust for those who cannot handle their own financial affairs, but coming to grips with the matter within the family, setting up the trust and choosing the right trustee can be nettlesome. Families who have disabled or impaired children need to take particular care in estate planning. Generally, this means putting assets in trust for those who cannot handle their own financial affairs, but coming to grips with the matter within the family, setting up the trust and choosing the right trustee can be nettlesome. When the problem is drug or alcohol addiction, the first step is often acknowledging that it exists, experts say. Many people sweep such matters under the carpet, telling themselves that it is ''just a phase'' the child is going through. ''When the child is physically disabled or mentally retarded, people are a little more forthcoming - they see it as no-fault,'' said Professor John J. Regan of Hofstra Law School, a member of the American Bar Association's Commission on the Mentally Disabled. ''But drugs and alcohol are seen as family skeletons.'' Herbert Paul, a senior tax partner for Mahoney Cohen Paul & Company in New York, said that while discussing estate plans, many people avoid mentioning an impaired child. ''You have to ferret it out,'' he said. ''I always ask, 'Is there a child who requires special attention?' '' Yet, once the information is out, he said, ''a prime concern of the parents is: what happens when we are not here?'' Looking after the troubled child has been a focal point of their lives, and they feel alone with the problem. People who are in this position - anxious about a child but isolated with the problem and perhaps not quite willing to admit there is one - would do well to consult someone whose advice and confidentiality they could trust, like a clergyman or psychiatrist, before seeing a lawyer about the estate plan, the experts agreed. It could help them both in their personal situations and in realizing they are far from alone. Tamara G. Telesko, a lawyer and vice president with the Chase Manhattan Bank, said 10 to 25 percent of the private banking clients she counsels on estate planning have a child who needs special attention. If the problem is | Your Money; Ways to Protect Disabled Heirs |
380802_4 | the period. The scientists said they could not collect data before the plant began operation in 1974 because most hospital records from that time were not available. The researchers reported a rise in leukemia in children. But the researchers said that for unknown reasons the incidence of childhood leukemia had been about half the regional and national rates before the accident. In adults they found a higher rate of lung cancer and a type of blood cancer called non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The researchers said factors like smoking and chance were more likely explanations than radiation for the higher rates of such cancers in adults. Low Average Radiation Exposure The authors noted that the findings were in keeping with official reports that predicted the accident would lead to at most one cancer death among those within 50 miles of the nuclear plant because only low levels of radiation had been released. Because the accident disabled monitoring devices inside the power plant that would have measured radioactive emissions, the authors developed mathematical models to determine exposure patterns for both accident releases and routine emissions. They said the average radiation exposures of 0.01 to 0.025 rems for people within five miles were a fraction of the average national exposure of 0.08 to 0.1 rems for natural background radiation in the course of a year. The researchers said the results of their study needed to be compared with others in the United States and England that are to be reported soon. Later this month the National Cancer Institute is expected to release results of studies comparing cancer rates in areas with nuclear plants with those in areas without nuclear plants. Dr. Hatch said she would like to do a different type of study in the Three Mile Island area to test a theory developed from a study of cancers in children near the Sellafield nuclear plant in England reported recently in The British Medical Journal. The British researchers said the increased incidence of childhood leukemia was best explained by the fathers' exposure to radiation while working at the plant before the child was conceived. Dr. Hatch said her team was completing analyses of the effects of radiation emissions on pregnancy, comparing women living in the Harrisburg area with a control group in upstate New York. In addition to Dr. Hatch, the authors of the study released yesterday included Jan Beyea, Jeri Nieves and Mervyn Susser. | Study of Three Mile Island Accident Finds Negligible Increase In Cancer |
381835_2 | decline in those sales, according to the Canola Council of Canada. Canola is actually a genetically engineered breed of the rape plant. The name is from the Latin ''rapum,'' meaning turnip, which is a relative of the rape plant, as are rutabagas, brussels sprouts and mustard. The new name was coined as part of a marketing strategy in Canada when a variety was developed that was low in euricic acid and glucosinolates, components that in large quantities were considered toxic. By definition, canola contains less than 2 percent euricic acid. This new 2 percent euricic acid variety was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in this country in 1985. The early rapeseed oil was used as an industrial lubricant. Canola retails for about the same price as corn oil, but its price could rise if the supply of subsidized imported oil is reduced. A question facing producers is just how much of a premium American consumers will be willing to pay for less saturated fat and whether, without subsidies for domestic oil, the market would provide enough incentive for farmers to grow it. Because of the uncertainties, farmers like Chuck Habstritt remain cautious. ''Sure we're aware of all the health properties,'' said Mr. Habstritt, who has also planted canola here in Minnesota. ''But are consumers willing to pay for quality?'' He does not know whether he will plant canola in the future. ''We're not putting in canola if we're going to lose money on it,'' he said. Canola includes 6 to 7 percent saturated fat, the lowest of any vegetable oil. (Safflower is 9 percent, for example, sunflower is 11, corn oil 12 and olive oil 14, while lard is 41 percent.) Canola oil also includes 62 percent monounsaturated fat, which has been found to fight the harmful kind of cholesterol in the body, and is the oil with the highest amount of monounsaturates after olive oil. ''The interest is unbelievable,'' said Larry Horn, general manager of U.S. Canola Processors, a plant in Chattanooga, Tenn., operated as a joint venture of Calgene Inc. and the Central Soya Company Inc. ''Everybody in the world is trying to lower saturated fat. Here you have an oil with the lowest saturated fat.'' The canola plant grows to three feet tall and has bright yellow blossoms. It sprouts dozens of oblong pods, each of which contains about seven tiny seeds, slightly | For Amber Waves of . . . Canola? |
386336_2 | early November. Last week, an Atlantic Monthly Press book about AIDS, ''Good Intentions'' by Bruce Nussbaum, rolled off the presses just three months after completion of the manuscript. Two weeks ago - just five weeks after buying American publication rights from a Canadian publisher -St. Martin's Press published more than 200,000 copies of ''By Way of Deception,'' the controversial book about the Israeli intelligence service by Victor Ostrovsky and Claire Hoy. Henry Holt & Company did not receive the revised manuscript of ''The Decade of Destruction: The Crusade to Save the Amazon Rain Forest'' by Adrian Cowell until the end of April, yet it still shipped finished books on Aug. 21 - almost a month before last week's five-hour series by Mr. Cowell on Amazon destruction was broadcast by the Public Broadcasting Service. Earlier this summer, Houghton Mifflin published Andrew Revkin's book on the murder of Chico Mendes in the Amazon region, ''The Burning Season'' - a process that took just 53 weeks from proposal to research to manuscript to finished book. Last month, Little, Brown & Company published its competing book on Chico Mendes, the leader of the Amazon rubber tappers who was murdered from ambush. The Little, Brown book, ''The World Is Burning'' by Alex Shumatoff, went from a manuscript of more than 800 pages to completed book in six months. Most instant paperbacks are rushed into drugstores and supermarkets rather than into bookstores, and publishers usually do not try to get reviews, book club editions or magazine serialization. By contrast, most of the accelerated hardcover books go through the usual pre-publication steps. But not always, since publishers sometimes elect to try making money from higher bookstore sales. ''Book club money and first serial rights are not as important as they used to be,'' said Roger Donald, the publisher of Little, Brown. Publishing's new emphasis on speed is possible because modern presses print books faster, warehouses track inventory with computers, bookstores order electronically and authors increasingly use word processors. Houghton Mifflin and some other houses actively encourage authors to submit manuscripts on disk. ''Editors basically still work with hard copy,'' Mr. Donald said. ''But the authors can easily incorporate corrections and suggestions into the computerized version and don't have to spend a lot of time retyping.'' But speedy publishing depends on editors who can also get up to speed. ''There has always been fast publishing,'' said James D. | The Accelerating Schedule Of Hardcover Production |
386411_3 | aid is being prepared by rich surplus countries, like Japan, Germany and Saudi Arabia, and by both the monetary fund and the World Bank, which are being pushed by their members to be more flexible and responsive to the needs of their more distressed members. Many third world countries have been hit not only by costlier energy and a slowdown in growth in industrial countries, which hurts their exports, but also by the loss of billions of dollars in worker remittances. Egypt, Jordan, India, Bangladesh and other countries now have to house and feed thousands of workers who have returned from Kuwait and Iraq and whose earnings in support of relatives back home had been an economic lifeline. ''Let's assume that countries do what they have to do, and in particular that they accept to pass through to consumers the effects of this oil shock,'' said the fund's managing director, Michel Camdessus. ''Then the international institutions have to help.'' About $20 Billion Pledged Donor countries have pledged about $20 billion, which is intended both to offset costs of the United States-led military operation in the Persian Gulf and to help the most seriously affected countries. Both the I.M.F. and the World Bank, which have recently gotten members to approve big infusions of capital, plan to disburse more loans faster to these countries. In addition, the agencies have been called upon by donor countries to coordinate the money flows those nations are providing. The precise role that the agencies will play is expected to come up during the annual meeting. Mr. Brady, for example, has specifically requested that a special emergency mechanism in the I.M.F., known as the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility, be expanded to deal with the crisis. Also, he wants the fund to consider measures on a temporary basis to increase the access of members to fund resources. Other members are likely to back this request. Recycling by Institutions In contrast to the 1970's, when most of the recycling of petrodollars was handled by commercial banks, this time around, most experts are agreed, most of the recycling will be by governments and international financial institutions. Banks have taken substantial losses on third world loans and are not anxious to make new loans to many of these countries. But some private bankers here noted that developing countries that are competitive and creditworthy can still count on commercial bank support. | Finance Chiefs Back Money Rein |
386342_0 | LEAD: Taiwan will import sugar for the first time because of falling domestic production and a rise in consumption, the state-owned Taiwan Sugar Corporation said last week. Taiwan, traditionally a sugar exporter, will import up to 50,000 metric tons, a company spokesman said. He declined to give a schedule. Taiwan will import sugar for the first time because of falling domestic production and a rise in consumption, the state-owned Taiwan Sugar Corporation said last week. Taiwan, traditionally a sugar exporter, will import up to 50,000 metric tons, a company spokesman said. He declined to give a schedule. The island will consume 500,000 tons of sugar in 1990, up from 480,000 tons in 1989, he said. | Taiwan to Import Sugar |
386468_2 | won, 2-1. Morris (13-18) faced the A's while Jose Canseco and Carney Lansford sat out with sore backs, and posted his third shutout of the year. He walked three and struck out five in his 23d career shutout as the Tigers and A's finished their season series with six games apiece. Reds 9, Padres 2 SAN DIEGO (AP) - Eric Davis had four hits and Barry Larkin had three as the Reds completed a four-game sweep of the Padres and lowered their magic number to six in the National League West. Any combination of Reds' victories and Los Angeles Dodgers losses totalling six would give Cincinnati its first division title since 1979. Los Angeles played San Francisco later Sunday. Larkin drove in three runs and Luis Quinones hit a homer for the Reds, who play their final nine games at home. Cincinnati, trying to become the first National League team to stay in first place from start to finish, had lost 7 of 11 before coming to San Diego. Cincinnati, which had 16 hits Sunday, outscored the Padres, 34-12, in the series and outhit San Diego, 54-31. Danny Jackson (6-6), who had lost four consecutive decisions since Aug. 30, allowed two runs and six hits in seven innings, struck out six and walked two. Ed Whitson (13-9) was knocked out without retiring a batter in the fifth. He gave up seven runs and 10 hits as his earned run average - second in the league at the day's start - rose from 2.39 to 2.63. Giants 6, Dodgers 2 LOS ANGELES (AP) - John Burkett, a rookie, won his third consecutive game as San Francisco dropped the Dodgers five games out of first place with nine games remaining. Matt Williams had three hits, including two r.b.i. singles, and tied Joe Carter of San Diego for the league r.b.i. lead with 114. Stan Javier also had three hits for the defending champion Giants, who would have been eliminated with a loss. Phillies 2, Expos 1 PHILADELPHIA (AP) - Charlie Hayes singled home the winning run in the 16th inning as the Expos fell six and a half games out of first place. Howard Farmer (0-3), the sixth of seven Expos pitchers, walked Von Hayes to open the 16th. Hayes stole second, took third on a wild pitch and scored when Hayes looped a single down the right-field line off Bill Sampen. | Rallying Blue Jays Take 1-Game Lead |
386374_1 | years. The bank's total lending for the year was $20.2 billion. One project described in the report was a $117 million loan to Brazil for activities that included preserving the remnants of the tropical forest along that country's coast. The loan is also to be used to fight river pollution, protect wildlife and train environmental officials. The report said the bank is paying more attention to factors that lead to environmental problems, including poverty and population growth in third world countries. Bank Is Criticized Conservationists and other critics of the bank, however, said that despite the bank's good intentions and some improvements, the assistance programs, for the most part, encouraged degradation of the environment. Peggy Hallward, the director of forestry research of Probe International, a nonprofit group based in Canada, said the bank was sponsoring ''the same old projects with a few trees planted around the edges.'' She cited bank-sponsored projects for dams in China and India that would displace hundreds of thousands of people and flood agricultural land. Leander Coronel, a World Bank spokesman, said environmentalists were criticizing old projects and that even those projects have new environmental components. But Bruce Rich, a lawyer and director of international programs for the Environmental Defense Fund, said some new bank programs are just as destructive as the old. He cited the bank's loans for forest development. He said they had encouraged the rapid destruction of tropical forests. ''The problem is that a few small loans for good stuff are no match for the continuing agricultural, industry and energy approaches that are still going in the wrong direction,'' said Barbara Bramble, the international programs director for the National Wildlife Federation. The Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group, has prepared a plan that would enable communities that fear they will be harmed by World Bank projects to take their cases to an independent tribunal, which could recommend that projects be modified or scrapped. The plan has not yet been submitted to the World Bank. Impact of Mideast Crisis Feared Bank officials, meanwhile, said last week that they feared the costs of the Persian Gulf crisis might interfere with plans to create a ''global environmental facility,'' a fund dedicated to helping third world countries meet environmental goals. In a report on Friday by Reuters, the bank's president, Barber B. Conable Jr., was quoted as saying that prospective donors to the fund might now | World Bank Stressing Environmental Issues |
386374_2 | described in the report was a $117 million loan to Brazil for activities that included preserving the remnants of the tropical forest along that country's coast. The loan is also to be used to fight river pollution, protect wildlife and train environmental officials. The report said the bank is paying more attention to factors that lead to environmental problems, including poverty and population growth in third world countries. Bank Is Criticized Conservationists and other critics of the bank, however, said that despite the bank's good intentions and some improvements, the assistance programs, for the most part, encouraged degradation of the environment. Peggy Hallward, the director of forestry research of Probe International, a nonprofit group based in Canada, said the bank was sponsoring ''the same old projects with a few trees planted around the edges.'' She cited bank-sponsored projects for dams in China and India that would displace hundreds of thousands of people and flood agricultural land. Leander Coronel, a World Bank spokesman, said environmentalists were criticizing old projects and that even those projects have new environmental components. But Bruce Rich, a lawyer and director of international programs for the Environmental Defense Fund, said some new bank programs are just as destructive as the old. He cited the bank's loans for forest development. He said they had encouraged the rapid destruction of tropical forests. ''The problem is that a few small loans for good stuff are no match for the continuing agricultural, industry and energy approaches that are still going in the wrong direction,'' said Barbara Bramble, the international programs director for the National Wildlife Federation. The Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group, has prepared a plan that would enable communities that fear they will be harmed by World Bank projects to take their cases to an independent tribunal, which could recommend that projects be modified or scrapped. The plan has not yet been submitted to the World Bank. Impact of Mideast Crisis Feared Bank officials, meanwhile, said last week that they feared the costs of the Persian Gulf crisis might interfere with plans to create a ''global environmental facility,'' a fund dedicated to helping third world countries meet environmental goals. In a report on Friday by Reuters, the bank's president, Barber B. Conable Jr., was quoted as saying that prospective donors to the fund might now divert potential contributions toward expenses created by the Middle East conflict. INTERNATIONAL REPORT | World Bank Stressing Environmental Issues |
384513_0 | LEAD: The head of the Federal Aviation Administration has classified as secret all new details about the performance of costly bomb detection devices whose capabilities have been widely questioned during a year of tests at several airports. The head of the Federal Aviation Administration has classified as secret all new details about the performance of costly bomb detection devices whose capabilities have been widely questioned during a year of tests at several airports. United States airlines have questioned the effectiveness of the devices, which the agency may require them to install at dozens of airports around the world, including major international airports in this country. The devices were also sharply criticized in May by a Presidential commission that investigated the bomb destruction of a Pan Am jetliner over Scotland, in 1988. James B. Busey, head of the Federal Aviation Administration, told reporters on Thursday that the thermal neutron analysis devices provide the only means of detecting plastic explosives like Semtex, which is suspected of being used in a small bomb that killed 259 people on Pan Am Flight 103, and 11 on the ground in Lockerbie, Scotland. ''I am every day further encouraged with the results that we are gaining from this technology,'' Mr. Busey said. Devices are being tested in several airports, including Kennedy International Airport in New York. ''It does work,'' he said. ''We do know how to put it into a system where we can work with and around its known capabilities and limitations. And in order to protect the enhancements that we will continue to make to that technology, we are classifying it, so that it won't become common knowledge, and therefore limit its capabilities in a deterrent system.'' More Public Discussion Banned He said his order would prohibit further public discussion of the system's false-alarm rates, its ability to detect small amounts of explosives and operating methods. ''How are we changing the methodology of use of the system? How are we changing its detection capability? How are we speeding up or slowing down its operation? How are we dealing with its known false-alarm capability? Those are the kinds of thing I don't want to talk about any more,'' Mr. Busey said. He also said he would delay decisions about how quickly to require airlines to install the devices around the world and about what standards the systems must meet, until airport trials and other studies | F.A.A. Orders Secrecy on New Bomb Detectors |
384444_0 | LEAD: A city man back from a small-town summer reports that recycling is creating an endangered species. For years the town dump was called just that, the dump. Or, whimsically, the Exchange: he would go there to discard a wobbly kitchen table and come home with a gimpy rocking chair. A few years ago the dump officially became the ''landfill'' - a Nice Nellyism, as if its purpose were to improve land, not get rid of trash. A city man back from a small-town summer reports that recycling is creating an endangered species. For years the town dump was called just that, the dump. Or, whimsically, the Exchange: he would go there to discard a wobbly kitchen table and come home with a gimpy rocking chair. A few years ago the dump officially became the ''landfill'' - a Nice Nellyism, as if its purpose were to improve land, not get rid of trash. Anyway, everybody still called it the dump. This summer he found everything changed. The messy piles of garbage were now tossed into a compactor to be trucked away. Everything else was tidily sorted for recycling - paper, cans, cardboard, bottles. Even the name was recycled. Not ''dump'' anymore or even ''landfill,'' but ''Recycling Center and Transfer Station.'' Back in the city, he went to the library to look up ''dump's'' genealogy. It does not, by present usage, have a long one. In Dr. Johnson's dictionary he found it defined as ''melancholy'' (''in the dumps'') with no reference at all to trash. Its current meaning goes back only to the 19th century American West, when miners began calling their waste piles ''dumps.'' A short life, he decided, but a useful one; and if ''dump'' were to disappear the environment's gain would be the language's loss. Dump is terse, unpretty and pejorative and, in the thudding finality of its sound, as expressive as any word he knows. | The Recycling of 'Dump' |
384255_1 | a subsidiary of the Pacific Telesis Group. Both McCaw Cellular Communications Inc., the nation's largest cellular service provider, and the Nynex Mobile Communications Company, which serves New York City, say they are postponing the decision until early next year for systems expected to go into operation in 1992. Nynex Mobile and the Ameritech Corporation, one of the seven regional Bell companies, announced on Aug. 2 that they are buying some equipment from the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and Qualcomm to test the new technique. Cellular phones took on that name because the service area is divided into cells, each with a low-power radio transmitter and receiver known as a base station. A driver or pedestrian using a cellular phone and crossing the service area is automatically transfered from one base station to the next, usually without interruption. Cellular phones now in use transmit and receive analog radio signals, which mimic the wave pattern of the human voice to convey conversations and data. Both of the new transmission techniques involve digital radio signals, which use the 1's and 0's of computer language instead. Digital cellular telephones can only be built to use one or the other of the competing digital techniques, but not both. The digital handsets will also be able to transmit analog signals. The better established form of digital transmission is called Time Division Multiple Access, or T.D.M.A. It assigns three conversations to each cellular frequency, instead of one, which is the case for analog transmission. The three handsets take turns lasting 6.7 thousandths of a second to transmit signals and then take turns lasting just as long to receive signals. Each handset stores part of the signal it receives and plays it during the 33.3 thousandths of a second when it is transmitting and when the other handsets on the same frequency take their turns. The two biggest companies in the $4 billion cellular equipment industry, Motorola Inc. and L.M. Ericsson of Sweden, are gearing up to produce large quantities of T.D.M.A. equipment. ''We believe that we should stand firmly behind the T.D.M.A. standard,'' said Manfred M. Buchmayer, president of Ericsson Radio Systems in Richardson, Tex. ''Our focus is getting the T.D.M.A. standard to market as fast as possible.'' The alternative technique is Code Division Multiple Access, or C.D.M.A.. Forms of C.D.M.A. have been used in some military communications since World War II. Much as a person | Can Cellular Phone Companies Agree On a New Standard for Transmission? |
384499_1 | to the United States has reached 23 million a year, an increase of more than 50 percent since 1986, and the number is expected to double by the end of the decade. While immigration officials and airline executives acknowledge that the problem of delays is serious and growing, each group suggests the other is making things worse instead of better. The airlines have found that certain landing times are preferred by many paassengers, and schedule many flights to land in bunches. Airline officials say that also makes it easier to schedule connecting flights. But officials at the immigration service say this floods terminals with thousands of passengers in a short time. ''It kills us if they drop four or five 747s on us,'' said James Pulio, associate commissioner for inspections at the agency. But Mark Dunkerley, manager of government and commercial affairs for British Airways, said: ''We don't schedule flights on an arbitrary basis. It's a reaction to when people want to travel.'' Airline and travel officials say the Government could simplify immigration procedures, a step toward the goal of clearing passengers in 45 minutes, the standard set by the International Civil Aviation Organization, a United Nations agency. Inspections Before Flight The industry is also lobbying for more widespread use of a program for inspecting passengers at the foreign airport they depart from, allowing them to avoid the lines in the United States; so far, the method is being used only in Shannon, Ireland, and as part of a four-month test in London. Any effort to solve the problem must confront the chronic shortages of inspectors, some of whom make less than workers at fast-food restaurants. ''We don't have the staff to do the work,'' Mr. Pulio said. Even though the immigration added 700 inspectors to its staff in the last five years, to a total now of 1,700 inspectors, he said it is still behind the huge growth in foriegn air travel. A bill sponsored by the Bush Administration would charge a $5 fee to travelers from Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean, who are currently exempt from paying the fee charged to all other international passengers. That would raise about $80 million annually and allow the immigration service to hire 450 more inspectors, Mr. Pulio said. Lines Seem Invisible Unlike the Customs Service, which now selectively inspects only ''high-risk'' passengers, the immigration service must have its officers screen every | Foreigners Finding Long Delays at U.S. Airports |
384599_1 | on board for each leg of the journey. Most are likely to return exhausted, no matter how extensively they have tried to make their boats easy to sail and livable. Sacrifices Lie Ahead Like a football player who knows he is susceptible to injury, most solo voyagers are prepared to accept the deprivations of long-distance sailing. ''Thirty-five days is not that long a time,'' said the 39-year-old Plant, referring to each stage of the race. ''I'm healthy, and I feel I have the reserves to do this.'' The first leg of the race, a 6,800-mile voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to Cape Town, is likely to take five or six weeks. On Nov. 24, the fleet is scheduled to set sail again, on the second leg, a 7,000-mile trip through the Indian Ocean to Sydney, Australia. Threatening Waters The yachtsmen leave again Feb. 3 for a 7,200-mile journey across the Pacific Ocean from Sydney to Punta del Este, Uruguay. The course is likely to be the most threatening part of the voyage. Icebergs are common along the lower perimeters of the route. And high winds and mountainous seas often develop around Cape Horn, an intimidating spit of land at the tip of South America. The final and shortest stage of the race is the 6,000-mile leg back to Newport starting March 30. For most of the yachtsmen, whose sailboats range from 40-60 feet, comfort is secondary to winning. Numerous competitors have set up small bunks next to their navigation stations. Night and day tend to run together on a single-handed voyage since there is only one person to keep the boat moving. Self-steering gear, such as wind vanes and electronic autohelms, tend to take on a life of their own, leaving two skippers on board, one mechanical, one real. There are innumerable jobs required to keep a racing yacht going. To maintain a winning edge, the sails must be changed or adjusted continually. A course needs to be plotted, despite the aid of modern electronic devices such as satellite navigation instruments and computer analyses. A lookout must be maintained as much as possible. When the boats are near shipping lanes or ports, the skippers tend to keep all-night vigils. 20-20 Sleep Patterns Plant began preparing for the hardships a week ago. He set his clock to match the kind of sleep pattern he keeps at sea: 20 minutes awake, then | Under Blue Skies, Global Race Begins |
384534_2 | consultations tonight on France's request for a resolution that would condemn the invasion of embassy compounds in Kuwait as a violation of international accords on diplomatic immunity. The five permanent Council members - the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, France and China -met in advance to negotiate a proposed resolution for the full Council to approve. After the 15-member Council votes on the measure, diplomats said, France, Britain and the United States plan to seek a more ambitious resolution tightening the land and sea embargo against Iraq and Kuwait to include air traffic. Such an expansion of the embargo would mean empowering countries with military aircraft in the gulf region to intercept and if necessary destroy transport planes suspected of ferrying supplies to Iraq in violation of the Security Council's trade ban. France also favors extending trade sanctions to other countries caught systematically breaking the embargo. Among those designated for expulsion from France were several Iraqi military attaches, and what Mr. Mitterrand described as other Iraqis ''engaged in information gathering'' activities for Iraq, as well as 26 Iraqi military personnel training in France. Mr. Mitterrand said Iraqi diplomats remaining in France would be confined in their movements to the city limits of Paris. Civilian Hostages Several hundred French nationals are among the thousands of Westerners held by Baghdad as hostages or trapped in Iraq and Kuwait as the crisis has continued. Asserting that Kuwait was now part of Iraq, the Iraqi Government on Aug. 24 ordered the 60 embassies in Kuwait to shut down and move their envoys and staffs to Baghdad. Power and water was cut to missions that remained open and many were surrounded by Iraqi troops. But more than a dozen missions have remained open to show that their governments still recognize Kuwait as a sovereign nation and to keep in touch with the foreigners trapped in the country. Among these misions is the United States Embassy, where a skeletal staff led by Ambassador W. Nathaniel Howell is sheltering numerous American citizens. Relationship No Longer Special The French response to Iraq's actions highlights the continuing deterioration of what was once a special relationship between Paris and the Iraqi Government. In the 1970's, France helped Iraq acquire nuclear technology, assistance that apparently ended when Israel bombed and destroyed an Iraqi nuclear installation in 1981. During much of the 1980's, France supplied Iraq with modern weapons that gave | PARIS ADDING 84,000 TO FORCE IN GULF; BONN'S AID TO RISE |
383247_0 | LEAD: For children, the local television news is the widest window on the world just beyond their home, their street and their school. And when they peer through that window, they shudder at a landscape of violence and danger. Disquieting Questions With daily doses of violence now a staple of coverage, and residents wondering whether crime in New York City is out of control, some children and parents criticize local television news in terms once reserved for violent action programs or cartoons that go beyond slapstick. The children are struggling to come to terms not only with the disquieting view of the world that comes to them through the screen, but with the question of why those in charge of programs put so many violent images on the air. ''Too many body bags and stretchers,'' said Keith Janofsky, a 12-year-old eighth grader at Robert Goddard Junior High School in Ozone Park, Queens. Whether or not that view is valid in terms of how much air time is given over to crime, there is a pervasive belief among children that the news is dominated by violence, a belief reflected in interviews and group discussions conducted with 43 children throughout the city during the last three months. The observations made by the children while watching videotapes of the news or discussing the previous evening's programs, while often expressed in unsophisticated terms, support the contention of experts that the daily exposure to random viciousness has real consequences. ''Usually it's about people killing people, just tragedy all over the place,'' 14-year-old Monica Rivera, an eighth grader at Goddard Junior High, said of the news programs. ''After a while you think, 'What's the world coming to?' '' ''Kids have nightmares and stuff,'' said Cheri Roach, 11, a fifth grader at Public School 208 in Harlem. Keith Janofsky said, ''Kids get hate for other kids.'' Dr. John Meeks, the director of the Psychiatric Institute of Montgomery County, Md., has heard such sentiments in his own studies. ''I've had kids who are barely verbal, 2 1/2 or 3, who say they saw something and are confused and frightened,'' Dr. Meeks said. The 'Mean World' Syndrome Dale Kunkel, a psychologist with the telecommunications department at Indiana University, cited research conducted by George Gerbner at the University of Pennsylvania to explain the programs' effect. ''Constant exposure to television violence leads to what Dr. Gerbner calls the 'mean world syndrome,' | TV News: Children's Scary Window on New York |
383335_0 | LEAD: Expressing impatience with the slowness of national governments, municipal leaders from around the world agreed today that local governments must take action on their own to address global warming and other broad environmental threats. With a loan from the Interamerican Development Bank, Mayor Camacho reported, Mexico will be able to reduce its foreign debt by $150 million and use the money to plant trees on some 150,000 acres of now barren Federal lands around the city. In an interview, Mayor Camacho said that not only would the project protect water quality, guard against soil erosion and provide recreation areas around Mexico City, the use of carbon dioxide by the trees would also help reduce the threat of global warming. Carbon dioxide and other industrial gasses accumulating in the atmosphere are absorbing radiation from the sun and will cause the Earth's surface to warm by three to eight degrees Fahrenheit by the middle of the next century, many scientists now agree. Mayor Art Eggleton of Toronto described the measures his city was taking to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent by the year 2005. Its plan calls for expanding mass transportation, creating bicycle lanes for commuting, requiring more efficient lighting and new standards for energy conservation in houses, planting trees on a large scale and a variety of other measures. Toronto is believed to be the first large city in the world to initiate its own program for addressing the global warming threat. Dr. James Hansen, the director of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Institute for Science, a pioneer in preparing projections of global warming and in calling the dangers to the attention of the public and policy makers, presented computer predictions of the effect of global warming on some cities around the world. In the past, such models had been available only for a sample of cities in the United States. When carbon dioxide or its equivalent in other greenhouse gases reached a level double that of the pre-industrial era, Dr. Hansen projected greatly extended periods of very high temperatures. For example, Rio de Janeiro, which now averages five days a year of temperatures over 95 degrees Fahrenheit, would have 52 days a year of such high temperatures; Singapore would go from zero days over 95 to 124; Rome from six to 55, and Tokyo from five to 41. Dr. Hansen emphasized that those projections | Cities Begin Taking Action on Environment |
387320_0 | LEAD: Cuba will build 500,000 bicycles to help curb effects of a fuel shortage caused by a cutback in oil imports from the Soviet Union, the official Cuban press agency Prensa Latina said today. The dispatch, monitored in Mexico City, said the first units would go on the market next year. The agency quoted the newspaper Rebel Youth as saying Cuba would build five factories to make bicycle parts. Cuba will build 500,000 bicycles to help curb effects of a fuel shortage caused by a cutback in oil imports from the Soviet Union, the official Cuban press agency Prensa Latina said today. The dispatch, monitored in Mexico City, said the first units would go on the market next year. The agency quoted the newspaper Rebel Youth as saying Cuba would build five factories to make bicycle parts. It said Cuba might also buy bicycles from China. | 500,000 Bicycles for Cubans |
387447_0 | LEAD: James Jard, a commercial real estate broker in Virginia Beach, Va., has patented a tire pressure gauge mounted into automobile hubcaps. James Jard, a commercial real estate broker in Virginia Beach, Va., has patented a tire pressure gauge mounted into automobile hubcaps. Mr. Jard said the gauge allows car owners to check their tire pressures just by looking at each wheel. The device consists of a small pneumatic hose that fits onto a tire's valve stem and reaches to a gauge that fits inside a hole in the center of the hubcap. Mr. Jard said the device is about the size of a silver dollar and can be positioned so that it does not throw the wheel out of balance. He received patent 4,953,395. | Patents; Tire Pressure Gauge Is Mounted in Hubcap |
385852_0 | LEAD: Travelers may someday find themselves and their luggage being gently vacuumed by airline personnel before flying, or by border guards before they cross national boundaries. No, it's not part of an international campaign for spiffiness. It's the latest in drug and explosives detection technology from Barringer Instruments Inc. Travelers may someday find themselves and their luggage being gently vacuumed by airline personnel before flying, or by border guards before they cross national boundaries. No, it's not part of an international campaign for spiffiness. It's the latest in drug and explosives detection technology from Barringer Instruments Inc. of Morristown, N.J. In Barringer's system, molecules attached to dust particles collected by the vacuuming are vaporized by heat. They are then ionized - that is, electrically charged by a quick bath in low-level radiation - and set adrift in an electric field. Each type of ion moves at a characteristic pace. The results are matched to computer profiles of plastic explosives, cocaine, heroin and so on. The $65,000 system, which passed its first test with the United States Customs Service,also handles samples gathered remotely by vacuum cleaners equipped with disposable credit-card sized filters. | Tech Notes; Pardon Me, Your Heroin's Showing |
386292_0 | LEAD: HELLENISM IN LATE ANTIQUITY Thomas Spencer Jerome Lectures. By G. W. Bowersock. Illustrated. 109 pp. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. $24.95. HELLENISM IN LATE ANTIQUITY Thomas Spencer Jerome Lectures. By G. W. Bowersock. Illustrated. 109 pp. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. $24.95. In A.D. 311, the Emperor Constantine saw (or dreamed he saw) a cross of light superimposed on the sun. He regarded it as a favorable signal from the Christian God. Inspired, he gave battle to his pagan rival and was victorious. For Eusebius, the Bishop of Caesarea (contemporary biographer of Constantine and the ''Father of Church History''), that moment was one of the great turning points in history. It marked the beginning of a new era - a new Christian empire. But in what sense was this new world Christian? Away from the glitz of the imperial court, how did the ordinary provincial (without the aid of Constantine's numinous experience) react to the change? Were the pagan gods, with their cultural and emotional security of centuries, overthrown without demur? Is it so surprising to find that, even nearly three centuries after Constantine, John of Ephesus could report 1,500 pagan shrines thriving and thronged with the faithful in Asia Minor alone? It has become increasingly clear that early church historians like Eusebius had their own brief, and that their proclamation of a Christian empire was more a pious and fervent hope than a reality. Their particularist concerns have masked the variety of late antique religious experiences. There remains another religious history that those early Christian historians left largely unwritten. G. W. Bowersock's excellent new book, ''Hellenism in Late Antiquity,'' is an important contribution to the recovery of that forgotten history. It lucidly reveals the sheer range and depth of paganism in the eastern Mediterranean. The treatments of a series of neglected texts (notably the ''Panarion'' of Epiphanius from the late fourth century and the ''Dionysiaca'' of Nonnos of Panopolis from the fifth century) and of the recently discovered mosaics from New Paphos on Cyprus (beautifully reproduced in the plates) stand out as fascinating and exemplary pieces of scholarship. There can be no doubt that paganism was far from moribund. Mr. Bowersock, a professor of ancient history at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., also restores some of the rich flavor of paganism as a religion. It was not all orgies and satanic | Paganism Was Alive and Well |
386026_2 | research by enabling them to recruit assistants. Dr. Smith, who was chancellor and a professor of civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin before coming to the foundation in June, said the faculty program would be expanded to reach younger prospective candidates for teaching careers. ''Providing financial incentives to college graduates, by itself, will not induce them to go on to postgraduate studies and a teaching career,'' he said. ''When graduates with bachelor's degrees in engineering can get beginning salaries of $45,000 in industry, the university cannot compete financially, and must offer other inducements if we are to have the faculty we need to prepare future generations. ''What we must do then to compete is to catch them earlier when they are juniors and seniors and impress on them the other advantages of an academic career such as research opportunities.'' ''I remember as an undergraduate, all I wanted was that bachelor's degree in engineering and to get out and make money,'' he continued. ''I needed a job. I was lucky because I was hired by a professor. Although I only had a minor job, I got a feeling for research, and the experience of working as a team and the excitement involved in publishing research.'' Help for Research Professors To reach promising younger students, Dr. Smith said, the foundation will provide money to research professors so that they can hire qualified undergraduates to serve as assistants. The foundation will increasingly turn from fellowships to offering forgiveable loans to graduate students in return for their commitment to stay in the universities and teach. Financial assistance will also be offered to recipients of master's degrees who are working in industry but are interested in returning to the campus to earn doctorates. The foundation has tried to underscore its message about the rewards of research and the gratifications of teaching in a 17-minute videotape presenting six people who chose university careers as possible role models - two white women, two black women, a black man and a Hispanic man. The tapes are being sent to hundreds of campuses. One of those on the tape, Dr. Sally K. Ride, the first American woman in space, has returned to teaching: she is a physics professor at the University of California at San Diego. Another, Dr. Carol Espy-Wilson, an assistant professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, argues that her teaching career provides | SCHOOLS TO SHARE GRANT ON TEACHING |
386089_0 | LEAD: To Cut Waiting, Airport Checks Abroad Planned To Cut Waiting, Airport Checks Abroad Planned Beginning Tuesday, American-bound air travelers on some flights from Heathrow and Gatwick Airports, in the London area, will go through immigration inspection before they board their flights, as part of an Immigration and Naturalization Service test program. Similar programs are in use at Shannon Airport in Ireland and on Aruba. During the 120-day trial, which is limited to passengers on American and British airlines, travelers will have their visas and passports checked by a team of 44 American inspectors. All passengers, including those who have already been inspected by the Immigration Service, will still be required to clear Customs and Agriculture checkpoints upon arrival in the United States. For travelers arriving at heavily used airports, like Kennedy International in New York and Miami International, the time saved may be considerable, according to an Immigration Service spokesman. With many incoming international flights to these airports crowded into three- or four-hour periods to allow travelers to make connecting flights, immigration and customs inspection stations are often overwhelmed. At Kennedy's International Arrivals Building delays can stretch to two or three hours at peak times, the official said. By allowing passengers to go directly to Customs and Agriculture checkpoints, Immigration hopes to lighten the load on inspectors and shorten the wait for travelers. Paris Parking To help ease traffic in Paris, drivers are now subject to a severe set of parking regulations. A north-south route from the Porte de Clignancourt to the Porte d'Orleans and an east-west route along the Seine from the Quai d'Issy to the Quai d'Ivry are now classified as red zones, where parking is prohibited and standing is severely restricted. The regulations, which cover 17 miles of roads, took effect Sept. 11. Violators are subject to a $132 fine and towing. The regulations are the first phase of a 10-year plan introduced by Mayor Jacques Chirac to reduce congestion and pollution and encourage the use of public transportation. Other changes will include computerized traffic lights that adjust timing according to the density of traffic, the addition of 130,000 parking spaces in underground garages, the widening of sidewalks and the addition of bus lanes. The reaction has been strong. Citing the shortage of parking space, drivers are complaining that the ban should not have taken palce before more spaces were provided. Merchants say they are worried | Travel Advisory |
386223_9 | Texas, Washington and a handful of other states, is investigating the marketing claims American Enviro is making for its Bunnies; the task force earlier this year filed suit in several states to bar the Mobil Corporation from advertising its Hefty trash bags as ''degradable.'' Little wonder that legislators in Nebraska - which is not part of the task force - have made their ban contingent on further study into the ''environmental impact and fate'' of biodegradables. FOR ITS PART, P.&G. IS LOUDLY advocating another type of ecological experiment - a bit of guerrilla theater staged in the heart of enemy territory, Seattle. Each week Seattle's Baby Diaper Service Inc., in a contract with the City of Seattle and underwritten by P.&G., sends its trucks to 722 households and 33 day-care centers to retrieve soiled disposables and haul them back to a 7,500-square-foot recycling plant. There, in a joint project with a company called Rabanco Recycling, workers load the dirty diapers into a contraption resembling a giant food blender. The machine washes the nappies and separates them into their component parts: plastic, paper pulp and absorbent gel. The plastic gets set aside for recycling; the paper pulp is sanitized. Although the project remains experimental, the pulp would be suitable for selling to paper mills. ''High-grade pulp is the 'cash crop' of disposable diaper recycling,'' says Nancy Eddy, a microbiologist who is supervising the project for Procter & Gamble. But the company is still waiting for a market to develop for recycled plastic. ''Though it can be used for flower pots, garbage bags and a host of other uses, the prices for recycled plastic - when you can sell it at all - are still way below the costs of recovery.'' Even with a ready market for paper pulp, the plant at its current production level would be unlikely to exceed revenue of about $150 per day. ''At this point we're just testing out the system,'' says Eddy. ''Maybe it will turn out to be more suited for other household paper products, even newspapers.'' For Gene Anderson, who has been recycling disposable diapers in Seattle for a little over a year, P.&G.'s project is pure grandstanding. Anderson is the 58-year-old proprietor of Anderson Diaper Service. ''Procter & Gamble is filling up our landfills with billions of diapers a year and is trying to take credit for saving the world from disposables!'' complains | THE BOTTOM LINE ON DISPOSABLES |
386008_3 | ''It may not be a practical or even logical thing to do, but all these people feel they are preserving the work of their ancestors, their heritage and their faith and values.'' In a tradition carried from Spain, every year the villages choose one or two residents as mayordomos, or guardians, of the church. When they were younger Mr. Abeyta and his wife, Bessie, were the mayordomos of the Chacon church. Now it is the turn of their daughter Mary and her husband, Jerry Romero, who were recently chosen as mayordomos by the 25 local families for the third consecutive year. When the stucco was removed the extent of the damage came as a shock to the villagers, Mrs. Romero said. ''There were doubts about going ahead, she added, ''but we met and talked and decided to go for it.'' They also agreed to test a lime plaster on the exterior walls, because lime, unlike stucco, allows moisture to evaporate. An Almost Lost Technique The church will require constant upkeep, however, and the lime plaster will have to be inspected and renewed periodically. Would-be restorers from distant villages come to Chacon these days to observe and learn about repairing adobe in the traditional way, an almost lost technique that involves chipping away the stucco and then drying or replacing the adobe bricks. On a typical workday recently, volunteers were joined by teen-agers from the Mora Independent School District who are learning building crafts. At the noon break the Romeros brought out enchilada and chili, and volunteers traded ideas about church repair work started by other villages. An even more difficult restoration is under way in Upper Rociada, a neighboring village, where Antonio Martinez, a high school teacher who is the mayordomo, is organizing a community of only 10 families. Just before last Christmas, cracks in the church's west wall widened and the roof seemed ready to collapse. Roof Saved; Wall Rebuilt Edward Crocker, a construction expert, and Mr. Baca assembled a group of volunteers, drove four hours through a snowstorm and shored up the shaky ceiling beams and saved the roof. But the west wall later collapsed. Jerry Sanchez, an adobe manufacturer in Belen, donated 4,500 adobe bricks to the church to help rebuild the wall. This is the kind of sharing and helping that officials of the New Mexico Community Foundation say has been galvanized by the restoration projects. | New Mexico Restoring Its Old Adobe Churches |
386063_0 | LEAD: The July 29 article ''Power Lines Stir Concern on Health Risk'' reported on activities in Essex, Ocean and Monmouth Counties by residents protesting the lines. The article contained unattributed reports and unwarranted conclusions. The July 29 article ''Power Lines Stir Concern on Health Risk'' reported on activities in Essex, Ocean and Monmouth Counties by residents protesting the lines. The article contained unattributed reports and unwarranted conclusions. The United States Office of Technology and Assessment reported that scientific studies suggest that exposures to electric and magnetic fields don't necessarily cause, but may serve to promote cancer. What studies? The book ''Currents of Death'' cites ''scientific and medical evidence'' that power line fields are hazardous at low levels. However, an epidemiologist who performed one of the studies concluded that other factors may have contributed to the illness and that the scientific evidence is certainly far from conclusive. This same person said the evidence is not strongly supportive of spending vast amounts of money or taking drastic action to reduce exposures. I agree. Utility companies point out that electric and magnetic fields are emitted by many household appliances. How close to the television screen do the protestors' children sit watching Ninja Turtles? About 60 years ago, a 250,000-volt power line was strung across parts of Passaic and Essex and other counties on poles much shorter and uglier than those causing the controversy in Berkeley and Manchester in Ocean County. A family I know of lived for many years within a few hundred feet of this power line. Nobody ever saw a healthier family than this one. The girls became champion swimmers when they went to college. A reasonable statistical study would be to check the appropriate medical history of a large number of people who lived within a few hundred yards of this line during the last 60 years and compare the findings with an identical study of the same number of people who lived, say, a half mile away from it, in the same general area. Now, that would be a scientific study. So, until some valid study like this is done, we should stop speculating. There are enough real problems to worry about. Especially in Ocean County. PAUL VAN GIESON Pine Beach | Power Lines And Health Risks |
385887_2 | inch long creatures in palm leaves or bamboo sections. The still-living mollusks were brought back to the village and stored in each native's hut where the stench of decay became greater and greater. Other New Britain natives would paddle near the village and trade axes, knives and cloth for the still rotting shells. These foul-smelling shells would then be worked into diwarra by the new owners. The shells were buried for a year or more to improve the color and let insects scour the insides. Then the shells were dug up and each was placed at the bottom of a coconut husk where the back of the shell is broken with a knife creating a hole. The shells could be strung on stiff strips of rattan. The stringing was a tedious and tiring business and each strip of rattan was a foot or two in length. These finished strips with their evenly spaced shells were joined together by a single shell covering the joint. In this manner many lengths of diwarra could be strung together. Six-foot strings were common and might contain 300 to 400 shells in each fathom. Short lengths could be broken off for payment and this distinguishes the diwarra from wampum types of shell money which were not broken into denominations. A short piece of diwarra might be displayed in a coconut shell or a glass bottle. But the wealthiest of New Britain were those who collected enough diwarra to make a loloi. Loloi were huge rings of shells made from 100 feet or more of the diwarra. The six-foot sections were joined together and coiled into huge loops and tied together with rattan. These would eventually look like a stiff wide belt of thousands and thousands of shells. Some loloi reached the size of cartwheels and were carried on long poles. How much were the diwarra worth? Six hundred feet might purchase a wife or a canoe while three feet might suffice for a chicken and a few shells would buy betel nut. Theft of diwarra was punishable by death, but a murderer could buy his way out of his crime with as little as 300 feet of the shells. When the Germans came into the archipelago they did not ban the use of the money by the natives but outlawed its use among colonists. Thus the use of shell money continued well into this century. | Pastimes; Coins |
381347_1 | individual packaging, penalizing the consumer. Recycling was sold initially as a moneymaker for municipalities. Now the market for newspapers has fizzled, and many towns are paying to take these recyclables away. True, recycling still reduces the money we have to spend to export materials to landfills, but that is an economic abstract that is difficult to sell to the public. Recycling was the ''glamorous'' part of the solid-waste problem. We could all do it with not a lot of inconvenience and applaud our efforts. But recycling is losing its glamour. We're still left with hazardous household waste to dispose of, drop-off sites and centers are closing because they are in residential areas where neighbors object, and it's costing us money. Incineration presents more controversy. We have scientists saying it is perfectly safe, and scientists saying it is lethal. Will six regional incinerators be any less detrimental than 18 smaller ones when we factor in the truck emissions going to the regional sites? Is the Warren County facility a good model or a good lesson? Once we burn, where will we put the ash? Landfills are dwindling, and the states we export to are indicating a reluctance to continue taking our garbage. The Federal Government says we cannot dump sewage sludge in the ocean, so we have to dispose of it on land. Many fear that it will leach into our water supply. We cannot compost all our solid waste because of all the hazardous and nonbiodegradable products we use. And so we come to source reduction. We can reduce solid wastesignificantly, but not without changes. As consumers, we would have to give up many conveniences we are accustomed to. Can we as a society forgo polystyrene cups, disposable diapers, one-use packaging? The manufacturers and distributors of the products focus their research and development on marketing, firmly convinced that consumers want their products. Until we send a clear message demanding environmentally friendly products, all the talk about new product development will not coalesce into tangible results. Source reduction should be an integral first step in the solid-waste hierarchy, but it can happen only when we are concerned enough to place our environment before our convenience. When we do that, environmentally friendly products will be invented out of economic necessity. Are the policy makers and the people willing to get to the source and take the first step together? NEW JERSEY OPINION | Cutting Down On Trash |
381116_2 | jobs. In the course of the negotiations about the future of B'nai B'rith Women, there were threats of schism that would permanently sever the relationship between it and the parent organization. B'nai B'rith International claims 500,000 full and affiliated members, 120,000 of whom belong to B'nai B'rith Women. B'nai B'rith International, historically organized around lodges for men, has been moving toward the integration of women into the organization since 1971, when it established B'nai B'rith units that admitted both men and women, although men paid dues to the international organization while women paid dues to the women's organization and were not full-fledged members of B'nai B'rith International. The measure admitting women as full members, passed unanimously at the Dallas convention on Tuesday, replaces the word ''men'' with ''persons'' in a section of the group's constituion that now reads, ''Members of B'nai B'rith Lodges must be persons of the Jewish faith, of good moral character and at least 18 years of age.'' Under the new agreement, about 10,000 women who have been members of the units that include both men and women will become members of B'nai B'rith International. The rest of the women would continue to belong to B'nai B'rith Women. B'nai B'rith International would be free to solicit women as members, although it cannot form groups for women only. The agreement approved in Dallas between the two groups is for five years, after which it can be renegotiated. Under the agreement, the women's group will continue to be represented on the boards and commissions of the international group and its other affiliates, including the Anti-Defamation League, the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization and the campus organization, Hillel. Members and employees of B'nai B'rith Women can continue to participate in the international's insurance and pension programs. Kent Schiner, who was elected in Dallas as the new president of the international organization, and Harriet Horwitz, the new president of B'nai B'rith Women, both welcomed the agreement. Ms. Horwitz called it a ''win-win situation, giving each organization what it needs to move powerfully into the 21st century.'' B'nai B'rith, the Hebrew for ''Sons of the Covenant,'' was founded in 1843 by European Jewish immigrants to protect and preserve Judaism in the United States. It has grown to be a defender of human rights and a forum for interfaith and interracial relations. The organization has expanded to have lodges and units in 46 countries. | B'nai B'rith to Have Women as Full Members |
381076_0 | LEAD: Four academicians and a documentary film maker have each been awarded a $5,000 Charles Frankel Prize by the National Endowment for the Humanities, for ''bringing history, literature, philosophy and other humanities topics to the general public.'' Four academicians and a documentary film maker have each been awarded a $5,000 Charles Frankel Prize by the National Endowment for the Humanities, for ''bringing history, literature, philosophy and other humanities topics to the general public.'' The awards, given for the second time, will be presented in ceremonies later this year. These were the winners: * Mortimer J. Adler, a philosopher and founder of the Great Books Foundation, who has promoted the reading of Western civilization's significant texts. He is a University Professor at the University of North Carolina. * Henry Hampton, a founder of Blackside Inc., a film production company that has made more than 50 films, including two award-winning documentaries on the history of the civil rights movement, ''Eyes on the Prize'' and ''Eyes on the Prize II.'' * Bernard M. W. Knox, a scholar of classical Greece who was professor of classics at Yale and director of Harvard Universty's Center for Hellenic Studies. Dr. Knox has worked to make books on classical studies more understandable to the general public; to this end he wrote and acted in a television film on Sophocles' ''Oedipus the King.'' * David Van Tassel, the Benton Professor of History at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. He created National History Day, the only nationwide competition to reward high school students for excellence in historical research and analysis, and he wrote ''The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History,'' the first work of its kind on an American urban area. * Ethyle R. Wolfe, a classicist. He developed the 10 courses that make up Brooklyn College's core curriculum and succeeded in spreading the idea to other institutions. Dr. Wolfe also established the Latin/Greek Institute for the Humanities in Brooklyn. | 5 Arts Awards Announced |
380969_2 | of superconducting material that is kept at a temperature where it is right on the threshold of losing its superconductivity. When it is exposed to even the slightest infrared light, the material heats up and starts to lose its superconductivity, a loss that can be detected by other electronic circuits. The device might have a use in satellites that watch stars or survey the earth or in scientific instruments that analyze the composition of substances by measuring their effects on infrared light. The Illinois Superconductor Corporation's temperature sensor is simply a rod of superconductor that acts like a dipstick, measuring the level of liquid nitrogen in a freezer, like those hospitals use to preserve organs for transplant. As the level of liquid nitrogen drops, more of the rod loses its superconductivity and it becomes gradually more resistant to electricity. That gives a reading of how much liquid nitrogen is left. Several companies, spurred by Pentagon contracts, are working on microwave radio components, like antennas to receive signals and filters to separate one frequency from another. ''It's like tuning your radio,'' said Edward J. Mead, business manager for superconductivity at E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company. ''How nice it would be to have extremely sharp tuning to prevent overlap of adjacent stations.'' The first use might be in communications satellites because superconducting components could be lighter than microwave components now used. Other devices receiving attention are ultra-sensitive sensors that can detect magnetic fields 1,000 times smaller than the earth's magnetic field. These sensors are known as Squids, or superconducting quantum interference devices, and are made of a loop of superconducting material. When exposed to a magnetic field, the current in the loop changes in a way that can be measured, providing an indirect measurement of the strength of the magnetic field. Such sensors could be used to detect submarines or to pick up faint magnetic signals from the brain for the purpose of diagnosing neurological disorders. Squids can now be made using the low-temperature superconductors, but the high-temperature materials, because they require less bulky cooling equipment, would allow the sensors to be placed closer to the brain. The International Business Machines Corporation and scientists at the University of California at Berkeley are making squids using the high-temperature superconductors; these have not been as sensitive as those using the low-temperature materials. And that raises an interesting point. Scientists say that in | Technology; Superconductors Enter the Marketplace, Modestly |
381215_8 | out of surf culture, the idea of proclaiming your identity by putting a sticker on your car or board that tells what team you ride for.'' Another painter with a surfing background is Peter Alexander, whose recent show, ''L.A.X.,'' was a series of airport-scapes from various perspectives. And, lest you think that the medium of black velvet is the domain of those who would preserve and hawk the Kennedy family at freeway rest stops, think again: Mr. Alexander has painted a series of black-velvet views from atop the surfboard. If you've never seen ''the unique shrubbery of the sea,'' as Mark Twain called it in his chronicle ''Roughing It'' after he tried surfing, these are a close replication. Also a member of the surfing school is Lynn Coleman, who makes narrative portraits of ''surfurbia,'' her nightmarish interpretation of the once-simple coastal existence as an endless string of malls, filthy beaches and wave pools of artificial surf. She says that art is a result of the ''right brain-left brain dichotomy. You use your right brain when you make art and the same thing happens when you surf.'' Ms. Coleman's husband, Craig Stecyk, is a kind of wave-riding dadaist. His recent installation, ''Papa Moana,'' at the Laguna Art Museum, may be one of the country's few shrines to the sport, not counting the Surf Museum in Santa Cruz and certain revered surfing spots. But, as Mr. Stecyk asks, ''Is it a clubhouse, is it a store, is it a ceremonial longhouse, is it an oblique cult, is it a museum, is it a crypt?'' The entrance to ''Papa Moana'' is flanked by two iconographic redwood longboards, a kind of surfboard Mr. Stecyk fashioned himself. The inside is a tour of surfing through the ages, with artifacts representing legendary surfers, including the 1950 woodie station wagon that belonged to an early Malibu waveman, Steve Kilgore. ''We ended up with a choice between Richard Nixon's old car and this one,'' Mr. Stecyk says. ''Steve is certainly a more obscure figure than Nixon, so I felt there was a kind of clan identity.'' The shrine also houses an upside-down bust of Captain Cook, who, when he disembarked at Hawaii, became the first Westerner to witness surfing. (A practice depicted on petroglyphs, surfing was squelched for several centuries by fun-shunning missionaries, presumably to prevent the oppressed from plotting an uprising while inside a wave.) As Mr. | Surf's Up Again: On Screen On Canvas, on the Radio |
382337_1 | Bugs Baer, John Kiernan and Franklin P. Adams, all of whom would have recoiled in dismay had anyone called them ''journalists.'' Well, maybe not Louella. Bad as it was to have mossbackery perverted into conservatism, the arrival of neoconservatism was even more destructive. It was that ''neo'' on the front end that did it. Since ''neo'' is the Greek word for ''new,'' neoconservatism seemed to threaten us with nothing less than - yes - a new ism! Even without a neo, conservatism, Heaven knows, had already lost all touch with mossbackery. For example, mossback philosophy is succinctly expressed in the statement: ''Life was better before air travel.'' Yet the perversion now called ''conservatism'' was intent not only on making air travel more unpleasant with each passing day, but also on making it more expensive. If turning mossback philosophy into an ism could produce such disaster, what might not result from letting that same wretched ism develop into a neo ism? Well, we now have the answer from The Times. It's war between ism and neo ism. The cause? Neoconservatism wants President Bush to take a more warlike attitude toward Iraq while oldoconservatism thinks it would be folly to do so. When we speak of ''war'' between neo's and oldo's, we do not mean war, of course. These are people whose mightiest blows are struck on word processors; ''wars'' between them, unlike the wars they advocate or oppose for other people, produce nothing nastier than well-wrought sneers between wordsmiths. Such ''wars'' among word people and intellectuals are sometimes symptoms of old alliances coming unstuck, and this seems to be the case here. Anti-Communism was the glue that held these two breeds together. They were so worried that Communism's collapse might destroy their collective future that they spent months telling themselves Gorbachev might just be fooling. Such is the sad state into which the perverters of mossbackery have declined. The old-fashioned mossback wasted no time trying to deny what was right before his eyes. What interested him about Communism's resignation from the cold war was whether Gorbachev could possibly have been a C.I.A. mole. The moment is ripe for a mossback comeback. No, not a mossback movement. True mossbacks despise movements as much as they despise isms and all things neo. Except Neopolis, or Napoli, as it is called by mossbacks, who look forward to the day when they will once again | A Good Word For Moss |
382445_1 | said. ''Their bodies are pliable: mice are good contortionists.'' * * * Opinion about the house mouse have ranged from a cult of worship at the time of Alexander the Great to modern-day abhorrence. Mice are now often referred to as animal weeds. They are quick to adapt to man's environment and exploit any opportunity to survive. They also multiply quickly. Two mice will produce 2,500 offspring in a year. In that year, they can have six generations and each litter can have anywhere from six to 10 offspring. The gestation period is about three weeks and the young are weaned inabout the same period of time. If you have mice, how do you catch the? The old-fashioned snap trap is still the best way. For bait, instead of cheese, try peanut butter. Or even a string, which mouse will play with and hope to take back to the nest. The placement of the trap is important. If the trap is toonear the entry hole, mice will avoid it. Put the trap in the area of the hole but far enough away that the mouse will have to venture to it. If the old-fashioned mouse trap does not work, then there are glue boards. These are considered inhumaine by some people, because the mice caught in theglue either die in place or have to be disposed of while still alive. Poison baits work, but they do not kill immediately and the mice may tavel back to the nest to die. Then the ensuing odor is the only way to know that the poison baits were effective. Live traps, Havaharts, like those used by suburbanities to trap larger animals like squirrels and raccoons, also are available for mice. But if mice or other animals are trapped alive the traps should be emptied miles from home. If they are not, the animals, once released, usually go right back to where they came from. One of the best deterrents is a cat. Farmers will attest to this. Cats almost always keep the grain bins in barns guarded from unwanted invaders. Some commercial devices designed to control rodents are not worth the money. The Environmental Protection Agency has looked into many advertised devices for rat andmice control. It has tested, among others, many electromagnetic devices that produce a sound that is inaudible to people but that rodents can hear and will flee from. the | CONSUMER'S WORLD: Coping; With Mice |
387758_4 | lightsats make the journey from initial concept to outer space in three to four years. The military likes the reduced time to space too, and, through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has been a major proponent of light satellites. DARPA officials say that the tactical use of very small satellites during ground-based conflicts in places like Panama or the Middle East, could be possible within three or four years. DARPA will launch seven 47-pound ''microsats,'' made by Defense Systems Inc. of McLean, Va., on the next Pegasus, scheduled for January. ''Our perspective is that small satellites have a role in our overall space architecture,'' said Air Force Lt. Col. Edward D. Nicastri, the director of DARPA's Advanced Space Technology Program. ''But we need to really get the technology moving to make that role a significant one,'' he said. While microprocessors and custom integrated circuits have dramatically reduced the size and power consumption of satellite components, further advances are necessary, he said. ''I need to put a Cray in a soup can,'' he said, referring to the most powerful of supercomputers. In DARPA's concept, small tactical satellites could provide reconnaissance to individual commanders in the field, sending images and information via portable computers. But the most significant boost to the small satellite business could come from Brilliant Pebbles, a proposal of the Strategic Defense Initiative which would place thousands of small satellites in orbit to act as interceptors of enemy missile fire. In addition, the Los Alamos National Laboratory is studying the use of a network of small satellites carrying sensors to verify arms control agreements. While most small satellites have been low orbit devices, some scientists are now considering their use for planetary missions, perhaps even as delivery vehicles for ''mini-rovers'' to explore the surface of Mars or other planets. One NASA project will send mice into a high orbit to study long-term effects of radiation and weightlessness. ''It is now possible to think about doing some really intriguing science with very small projects,'' said David Thompson, president and chief executive of Orbital Sciences. ''Small satellites can go any place a big satellite can go.'' Correction: October 14, 1990, Sunday, Late Edition - Final An article on the Technology page on Sept. 30 about small satellites misstated the affiliation of R. Gilbert Moore. He is an adjunct professor of physics at Utah State University, not the University of Utah. | Technology; The Lure of Small Satellites |
387934_0 | LEAD: In a museum world that grows more giddy by the hour, an example of quite another sort is being set by the Art Museum here, which reopened early this year after a four years' closure for expansion and renovation. In a museum world that grows more giddy by the hour, an example of quite another sort is being set by the Art Museum here, which reopened early this year after a four years' closure for expansion and renovation. As much as any museum in the country, it reaches out to the general public, asking only that ''considerate behavior'' should be the criterion for admission (which by the way is free). But fundamentally it is a place for thinkers and dreamers. Neither in the new galleries designed by the firm of Mitchell/Giurgola nor in those designed in 1966 by Walker O. Cain is there a trace of glitz. These are private spaces in which the true meaning of higher education is conveyed subliminally and in terms of a free city of the mind and the eye. Like the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, it is not rich in the way that big-city museums are rich. But it has resources that cannot be qualified in terms of money - high intelligence in its direction, a devoted core of sympathizers, exemplary teaching programs and a continual intake of acquisitions that set the imagination alight. Above all, it has alumni and alumnae who keep it always in mind. Much-talked-of purchases at auction play no part in its activity. If it begs, it begs discreetly. It does not rely on the mesmeric effect of the big unquestioned name to validate its every purchase. But in its every room we realize all over again that the past, as much as the present, has the power to challenge and amaze. It is also relevant to its soft-spoken magic that it stands in the very middle of the Princeton campus, an area full of diminutive Socratic groves that take on an almost Athenian aspect in spring and summer. But in the museum itself the Socratic spirit of disinterested inquiry and enlightenment through open discussion is alive yearlong. It is active in the galleries, but henceforth it can also function in seminar rooms that allow objects to be seen and, where possible, handled without being hauled off to distant classrooms. Like every other | Amid Socratic Groves, a Place For Thinkers and Dreamers |
387931_0 | LEAD: Only a short distance from the polished glass towers of the United Nations, where 71 world leaders have converged this weekend for the first global summit on children, the very symptoms and conditions the leaders would eliminate still fester, in places like central Harlem, where the infant mortality rate is the same as Malaysia's. Only a short distance from the polished glass towers of the United Nations, where 71 world leaders have converged this weekend for the first global summit on children, the very symptoms and conditions the leaders would eliminate still fester, in places like central Harlem, where the infant mortality rate is the same as Malaysia's. There, babies, youngsters and teen-agers are all too acquainted with crack addiction, malnutrition, AIDS, sexual abuse, gunshot wounds, lead poisoning, tuberculosis and anemia -the products of poverty, decrepit housing, meager services and sometimes ignorance or parental neglect. At Harlem's Renaissance Health Care Network, where 99,000 patients a year are seen at five sites, 10 to 15 percent of all children suffer from one or more of these health problems, doctors say. In many of the free health clinics, a majority do. ''Those are the reported cases, but the real concern is the ones we don't pick up,'' said Dr. Earl Scott, the Renaissance Network's medical director. The conference at the United Nations that will culminate today in a series of resolutions was organized to highlight the dire state of so many of the world's children. Fifteen million children under age 5 die each year, a majority of those deaths attributable to four treatable ailments - diarrhea, measles, respiratory infections and newborn tetanus. The conference participants, including President Bush, are expected to set a number of specific goals. One is to reduce the death rate for children by one- third by the year 2000. Another is to make family-planning services available to all couples and prenatal care available to all women. A third goal is to reduce or eradicate a range of illnesses, from measles and polio to Guinea worm disease. The scourges in cities like New York often differ from those in developing countries. In the United States, a big villain is not diphtheria, for instance, but drugs, with the crack trade taking a toll through low-birth weights, adolescent addiction and gunfire. The problems affecting children in New York's impoverished, drug-torn neighborhoods may claim fewer lives than those in third world | In Harlem, Children Reflect the Ravages U.N. Seeks to Ease |
387973_0 | LEAD: More than 70 world leaders will meet here on Sunday to adopt an ambitious set of goals to improve life for poor children throughout the world. More than 70 world leaders will meet here on Sunday to adopt an ambitious set of goals to improve life for poor children throughout the world. The first World Summit for Children, the largest gathering ever of heads of state at the United Nations, is to approve a declaration committing their countries to reducing the number of infant deaths in the world by a third by the year 2000. They also plan to halve the number of women who die in childbirth and guarantee that children everywhere will have access to clean water and basic education by the end of the century. Long List of Goals The leaders, including President Bush and Prime Ministers Toshiki Kaifu of Japan and Margaret Thatcher of Britain, will pledge to achieve a long list of health and education goals that also include reducing malnutrition, raising the average weight of newborn infants, eradicating polio and making prenatal care and family planning advice available to all. The pledges, which were accepted by participating Governments after weeks of intense negotiations, are described as one of the most ambitious attempts ever made by the international community to address children's needs. Participants are hailing the declaration as a powerful illustration of the growing conviction that improving health and education is one of the keys to reducing third world poverty. In the view of many economists and development experts, much of the aid spent on large industrial development projects in the third world has been wasted. The new approach favors making people healthy and giving them the skills to create their own wealth. The unusual number of ranking leaders and their spouses and retinues in New York for the meeting caused caused headaches for planners and a surge of diplomatic and social activity at the city's hotels and restaurants. [Articles, pages 14 and 17.] The meeting's leaders will also urge all countries to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was adopted last year by the United Nations General Assembly after a decade of discussion. Although 109 countries have signed the convention and more than 40 have introduced legislation in their parliaments to ratify it, the United States has done neither. American conservatives have criticized the Convention because it does | World's Leaders Gather at U.N. for Summit Meeting on Children |
387944_8 | and the Daintree, the visitor may choose to take the next leg on to Brisbane, the state capital more than 1,000 miles down the coast. I prefer to rent a car and drive south on the Bruce Highway, because the coast road is so magnificent, and there are so many gorgeous beaches, so many islands and coral cays dotting the reef that are worth a day's dalliance en route. A particularly lovely stretch is the 20-mile strip that hugs the Hinchinbrook Channel, between Cairns and Townsville. Hinchinbrook Island, two miles offshore, is mountainous and dense with rain forest. It is a wildlife sanctuary, and you can get there by seaplane from Cairns or Townsville. Whether you reach Brisbane by plane or car, you'll find a city of more than a million people that looks like a cross between Dallas-in-the-wet-tropics and a gracious southern plantation town. There are lovely old terrace houses and imposing sandstone colonial buildings as well as skyscrapers and mirrored glass towers, everything draped with creepers and jasmine. The old suburban houses (the kind I grew up in) stand high on stilts to catch the breezes. Within an hour's drive of Brisbane you can sample any of the following: the South Coast beaches with their wide white sands, dunes, hotels, casinos and night life; the more unspoiled North Coast beaches; the rain-forest and wildlife walks at Mount Glorious (virtually a suburb of Brisbane) and Mount Tamborine. Only slightly farther afield is the rain forest of Lamington National Park, where a particularly interesting feature is a suspension boardwalk through the forest crown. There's a whole garden up there in the tree canopy, orchids and creepers spreading themselves across the rain-forest roof. When you tire of fresh reef fish and tropical fruit and the sights and sounds of the rain forest and the easy friendly tempo of a subtropical city, you can fly on south to Sydney and Melbourne. But I warn you, on my honor as a Queenslander, it's going to seem awfully tame down there. IF YOU GO First, I always take advantage of the Qantas ''Circle Pacific'' deal (as long as you don't backtrack, you can make a number of stops for no extra cost on your round-trip fare, and no stopover costs), and I fly home to Brisbane via Cairns in North Queensland. In the United States, information about the following tours is available from the | Australia's Sunshine State |
398154_3 | spokes and make a big noise -- like a motorcycle. I wanted to have the hottest, noisiest bike." Mr. Shapiro added playing cards and a front rack to his bikes, but he disdained such accessories as foxtails, plastic streamers and hub shiners. "Taiwanese tires are out" said Mr. Waltzer, who uses period parts or, if necessary, reproductions from the original manufacturer to restore the bicycles he collects and those offered in this show. He haunts garage sales and antiques shows, pursuing bicycles that are as close to mint condition as he can find them. He does not repaint those he buys, but he has acquired bikes others have repainted. Balloon tires, a product of the Depression, were developed in 1933 by Frank W. Schwinn, a son of Ignaz Schwinn, who in 1895 was a co-founder of the Chicago-based business. The company, known as the Schwinn Bicycle Company since 1967, made balloon tires and revolutionized the bicycle business in the United States, said Mr. Hurd. (The balloon-tire bike is the grandfather of today's mountain bikes, he added.) Bicycles with fat tires were easier to ride and were made in smaller sizes, with wheels 26 inches in diameter instead of the standard 28 inches, to make them suitable for children. Prices also dropped. At the turn of the century, bicycles cost about $150. In 1933 Schwinn's balloon-tire bikes were priced at $34. Thin-tire, 10-speed bikes replaced balloon-tire bikes in the 1960's and models weighing as little as 20 pounds became popular. "In the 30's, 40's and 50's the more you spent on a bicycle, the more you got," Mr. Hurd said. "Today, the more you spend, the less you get." Bicycle designers looked to automobiles for streamlined styling, the whitewall tires, the two-tone frames and much more, Mr. Hurd said. Car names were duplicated in bicycles. Schwinn made bikes called the Packard, Cadillac, La Salle and Corvette. The Roadmaster -- a Buick name -- was produced by the Cleveland Welding Company, another bicycle manufacturer. Conversely, Phantom -- a great name in cars -- was a bicycle in the late 19th century. "We weren't into speed -- we were into getting from here to there," said Mr. Shapiro. "My Schwinn got me to the corner where I threw it down and then played stickball. With a 10-speed, I could have gone from here to Omaha, but who wanted to go to Omaha?" ANTIQUES | It Had Fat Tires And Fenders You Could Polish |
397864_1 | for parents to involve themselves in their children's education. According to surveys conducted by Dr. Bauch at schools with voice-mail systems, one-third to two-thirds of all parents use voice mail daily. At Greenbriar Middle School in rural Tennessee, for example, parents with touch-tone telephones can dial a number any time to hear recorded messages from teachers, the football coach or the principal. They can find out what their children did in class that day, the homework assignments, when they are due and, in somecases, what parents can do to augment the learning process. It takes about five minutes for a teacher to record the messages, Dr. Bauch said. Thus, he said, in the time it might take to reach one or two parents, a teacher can now theoretically connect with all parents. Voice mail is a two-way system. At some schools, though not Greenbriar, parents are invited to leave voice messages with questions or comments for teachers. At Canton Middle School, in a middle-class, racially mixed area of Baltimore, parents can dial a "homework hotline" to find out classroom assignments. Parents, in turn, might receive recorded calls telling them of special events at school, early closings or their child's tardiness. By pulling student information from the computer database, a principal could record a congratulatory message that would be relayed to all parents of children in the marching band, for example. Or special messages could be recorded in Spanish or another language for parents who are not proficient in English. The voice-mail computer system "also generates letters, phone calls and reports, and insures that every parent whose child is late or absent gets a call every day," said Dr. Craig E. Spilman, Canton's principal."That sometimes means as many as 140 calls, and you can't physically do it with the typical office staff." Dr. Spilman said tardiness declined 50 percent immediately after the school installed the system in April. Cost Is a Drawback Cost is the most obvious drawback to voice mail. Canton's system, for example, which was designed and sold by the American Telesystems Corporation of Atlanta, is one of the more ambitious, designed to serve nearly 7,000 students in the "feeder" elementary schools and the middle school itself. The cost: Nearly $50,000. But even smaller systems require not only an initial capital investment in the computer and software, but also the installation of two or more telephone lines. And despite | Kids' Stuff |
398242_3 | diversity? Should we experiment with a more effective racism?" As I recall, the ancient Greeks, who form the basis of Mr. Bloom's ideal curriculum, kept slaves, marginalized women and left unwanted babies to perish on mountainsides. Mr. Bloom's logic would suggest that the long dominance of the classical tradition in Western higher education is responsible for the prevalence of American racism, sexism and child abuse. But it is not just foreign influences in education that scare him. Ethnicity and historicism are antithetical to his notion of the human. He complains when Chinese, black, Armenian and gay students demand to have books by members of their communities included in the curriculum. "The premise of these students' concerns is that 'where you come from,' your culture, is more important than where you are going . . . [ that ] you do not go to college to discover for yourself what is good but to be confirmed in your origins." This statement fits squarely into the ideology of the second-generation American, the assimilationist who makes a virtue of cutting loose from his or her origins in order to embrace an ethnically unmarked Americanness. Like a latter-day Horatio Alger, Mr. Bloom sees himself as having gone somewhere better than where he began. He does value one origin, however, and that is ancient Greece. This is what the deconstructionists mean by the "privileging" of a given tradition, and Mr. Bloom performs all the mystification typical of such special pleading. He mocks those who argue that the canon is an instrument of control and an expression of (perhaps unconscious) class, gender and racial prejudices. Though he admits that sometimes books promote such views, he clearly thinks that some great works of literature have absolute value or represent eternal truth. "How enslaved we have become to the historicist assertion that all thought is decisively culture-bound," he exclaims. Plato's allegory of the cave provides the imagery for release from the specificity of history and context: "Many books, perhaps the most important ones, have an independent status and bring us light from outside our cave, without which we would be blind." These claims appear in Mr. Bloom's introduction, but in the the book's earlier essays on canonic literary works he sets out to demonstrate just the opposite, that Plato's "Republic," Shakespeare's "Richard II" and Rousseau's "Emile" are grounded in history and instrumental in creating politically malleable citizens. "Poetry | 'The Academic Equivalent of a Rock Star' |
398038_3 | total cost over the 15-year period will be about $600,000. Another innovative deal the trust developed started with the donation of a 13-acre farm in Goldens Bridge in Lewisboro. That apparently inspired a neighbor to give to the town 10 acres of hilltop property almost abutting the land. "We're now talking to that same owner to donate a conservation easement on road frontage connecting the north end of the farm to two corporate parks," said Mr. McCagg. If everything works out, "there'll be a green piece of land stretching a distance of one mile, located just one hour from Times Square," he said. The trust plans to build a public footpath along the connecting parcels that would run right into the hamlet of Goldens Bridge. But not everyone is enthusiastic about such projects. Mr. McCagg and other conservationists are sensitive to the charge that land trusts are simply groups of wealthy individuals trying to protect their own land. They have also been criticized for taking land off the tax rolls. "I firmly believe that all donated properties should be useful," said Carol Goldberg, chairman of the North Salem Open Land Foundation. "There has to be public access and a demonstrated benefit to the community." The North Salem group started in 1974 with 117 acres of donated land and now owns 11 parcels totaling 446 acres scattered throughout the town. "Over the years, some people have donated their land," Ms. Goldberg said, "but most have given easements. With land in Westchester so valuable now, we don't get a lot of outright donations." All tracts are open to the public for hiking, cross-country skiing or nature gazing. Another expanding open space is the Mianus River Gorge in Bedford, in New Castle. Founded in 1955 as a wildlife and botanical preserve, it was the Nature Conservancy's first land acquisition in the country. Last January, the gorge became an independent agency although it still leases its land from the Conservancy. " W E'VE gone from the original 60 acres to 555," said Anne French, executive director of the Mianus River Gorge. The gorge now represents 64 separate parcels, 80 percent of which have been donated. Ms. French said that she is known as a "bunny hugger" because of her forceful protection of the gorge against encroaching development. Recently, she persuaded a developer to abandon plans to build a road over swampland and put two | New Routes to Westchester Preservation |
398160_0 | Before last week's attacks in which the Irish Republican Army forced civilians to act as "human bombs," the people of the city had dared to hope that they might be allowed to pioneer what Northern Ireland longed for most: peace. Two years of relative calm and a series of successes in persuading companies from the United States and elsewhere to build factories, offices, stores and a hotel had given rise to a spirit of optimism among Roman Catholics and Protestants. But the optimism has given way to foreboding since Oct. 24, when the I.R.A. forced three Catholic civilians whom it accused of collaborating with British security forces to drive vehicles carrying remote-controlled bombs to border checkpoints near Londonderry and Newry and a British Army camp at Omagh. While the I.R.A. had forced civilians to deliver its bombs before, in the past the drivers were given time to escape. A Wave of Revulsion The attack here was the most devastating. Five British soldiers and the driver, Patrick Gillespie, a 42-year-old kitchen worker at an army camp, died. Six other soldiers were seriously wounded. Throughout Northern Ireland, the attacks generated a wave of revulsion among Catholic nationalists who want a united Ireland and Protestant unionists who want Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom. Adding to the gloom, a British Government attempt to get political talks going seems near collapse. Such talks would be aimed at devising a Government structure that could end 18 years of direct rule from London. More than 2,000 Catholics and Protestants packed a church for Mr. Gillespie's funeral last Saturday. In one of his most vitriolic attacks on the I.R.A., Bishop Edward Daly said at the Requiem Mass that the I.R.A. had "crossed a new threshold of evil." Fear of a Wave of Terror The widespread fear in this city, and throughout Northern Ireland, is that what was widely seen as the callous ruthlessness exhibited by the I.R.A. in the human-bomb attacks could herald more terror and destruction. Security officials also seem worried by the I.R.A.'s successful use of remote-controlled bombs. That indicates the I.R.A. has developed a capability to thwart the army's and police's electronic countermeasures, which for years have protected patrols and bases from remote-controlled attacks. Surge in Number of Deaths There has also been a surge in the number of deaths in the last month or so. [ A killing on Friday | Peace Hopes Dim in Londonderry |
398288_0 | NECESSITY has birthed many an invention and discovery, but then so has untrammeled imagination. And let's not forget inspiration mixed, on occasion, with derring-do. The results have ranged from rarified creations to objects now so commonplace that we rarely think about them, or about the individual minds and grea civilazations that gave rise to them. Here, then, is an opportunity to uncover overgrown trails to innovation. The answers appear on page 44. 1. Elias Howe and Isaac Singer are both associated with what invention? 2. What people first used paper money? 3. What did Lewis E. Waterman invent? 4. What country, from the time of Christ to about 1350 led the world in number of inventions? 5. The first parachute jump was made in: (A) 1640; (B) 1783; (C) 1850. 6. What did Clarence C. Birdseye invent? 7. The following are names of people who, with one exception, were responsible for inventions and discoveries in a particular field. What was the field, and who is the exception? (A) Volta; (B) Watt; (C) Daguerre; (D) Ampere; (E) Ohm. 8. Who invented the steamboat? 9. Who was the "godfather of American invention"? 10. Hang gliders are a recent innovation. True or False? 11. How many peanut-based products did George Washington Carver invent? 12. Which of the following statements is myth and which is fact? (A) The complete system for an alternating-current motor came to Nicola Tesla in a vision. (B) The concept of gravity as a natural force came to Sir Isaac Newton when an apple fell on his head. (C) Galileo conducted some of his experiments on falling bodies from the Tower of Pisa. 13. Which advanced civilizations saw no utilitarian value in the wheel, but used it only as a toy? 14. What invention sprang from Benjamin Franklin's experiment with a kite? 15. Where was the first commercial power station? 16. Who was the last famous "lone tinkerer," before inventions and discoveries became a team effort in the laboratory? 17. Who was Granville T. Woods and what are some of his better-known inventions? 18. What invention in 1852 made skyscrapers practical? 19. Which of the following inventions did not exist before 1945: (A) television; (B) radar; (C) solar- powered equipment; (D) microchips; (E) liquid propellant rockets. 20. Carl Benz invented the first gasoline-powered vehicle in: (A) 1850; (B) 1885; (C) 1910. 21. Who invented the gas mask and the traffic | The Quiz |
403709_0 | THE chance finding of a burial cave in the windswept Aleutian Islands, off the Alaskan coast, has opened another window on the people whose ancestors were among North America's first settlers. The cave has special interest to a University of Connecticut researcher and his associates, who have long studied the Aleut people, and to the Aleuts themselves, who want to preserve their heritage. "This was an unusual opportunity to get some fresh information," said the researcher, Dr. William S. Laughlin, chairman of the biological anthropology department at UConn in Storrs. The 71-year-old anthropologist has studied the Aleuts for 50 years, traveling frequently to the islands and making friends among the native people. "I'm an honorary Aleut," he said. The centuries-old cave and its contents -- 30 mummies carefully laid to rest with bowls, harpoons and other items -- were spotted last spring by a United States Fish and Wildlife Service volunteer searching for fox dens. Newspaper stories hailed the cave's "discovery." "It was not a discovery," said John E. Larsen Jr., president of the Aleut Corporation, the regional native corporation. "The location of the cave was known to Aleut people, and we would probably not have touched it." Migration From Siberia The study of burial sites is "a sensitive issue," Mr. Larsen said in a telephone interview from Anchorage, but the corporation authorized excavation of the cave to save the remains and artifacts, to prepare for their later reinterment under better conditions and to "bring valuable information back to the Aleut people." Dr. Laughlin has long sought to illuminate the Aleuts' history. He is recognized for his work identifying modern Aleuts as descendants of people who migrated from Siberia 9,000 years ago along the southern coast of the Bering Land Bridge. He has written of how these people developed a complex culture and a successful maritime economy, traces of which are still part of life in the Aleutians. He has documented an Aleutian site more than 8,000 years old and described how Aleuts were living in the mid-18th century, when the Russians arrived in the islands. By then, the Aleuts had long been building efficient kayaks and using them to hunt sea mammals in the open waters. They also had an extensive knowledge of anatomy, which enabled them to mummify their dead. The Aleut Corporation asked that the island where the cave was found not be identified, but it authorized | Aleutian Caves Focus Of UConn Research |
403898_4 | The anti-abortion movement has been strongest in Poland, where politicians, faced with the power of the Catholic Church, are apparently unfazed by polls showing that most women are against a proposed ban on abortion that has already cleared the Polish Senate, with the only real opposition coming from the discredited Communists. In Yugoslavia, an abortion battle is shaping up in the Croatian republic, where the Catholic Church is a political force, while in Serbia, where nationalism has taken a particularly virulent form, married couples with no children are being threatened with a punitive tax. "Conservative attitudes towards women are resurfacing throughout Eastern Europe, usually with strong ties to nationalism," said Ms. Licht. "I often call the newly emerging democracies male democracies." In Hungary, early hints from the ruling center-right Government that it might target abortion have galvanized women's groups as no other issue has managed to do. Polls have shown that 85 percent of Hungarian women oppose any restrictions on their right to abortion, although the practice of abortion is, paradoxically, less prevalent here than in Poland."Abortion is not a pleasure, it is not something anyone wants," said Judit Thorma, president of the Association of Hungarian Women, "but a woman must have the right to get the help she needs. Without abortion, women are slaves. "Women's groups in Hungary are divided on many things, but on abortion we are united," Mrs. Thorma said. "If it comes up in Parliament, we will be ready with questionnaires and petitions. And if we are not successful in this way, then we will -- if necessary -- go out onto the streets."Yet Mrs. Thorma agreed that for the most part women in Hungary have sat out this round of democratic transformation. "Women are suspicious of democracy and a little withdrawn," she said. "For 40 years, they had a hard life, with few good results. Now, they have no time for politics, and no interest. They want to wait until they see some results." Even among women politicians, there is a reluctance to coordinate efforts as women on behalf of women. Of the 25 women in the Hungarian Parliament, only 10 were interested in forming a women's caucus, according to Zsuzsanna Szelenyi, a member of Parliament with the Federation of Young Democrats. Even within her own party, Ms. Szelenyi said, the idea of a women's committee was rejected, partly because of young women's distaste for | The World; East Europe's Women Struggle With New Rules, and Old Ones |
403794_2 | to overthrow a Government allegedly linked to drug traffickers. American officials noted that the new Government is resisting attempts to rewrite banking secrecy laws that are utilized by drug money launderers. Panamanian officials insist that the current laws are more than adequate to prevent such abuses. Some officials said they worried that while the Administration concentrated on limiting cocaine production and shipments from the Andean countries, cultivation of heroin poppies was rising in Guatemala and Mexico. The Bush Administration approach links trade preferences to anti-narcotics efforts and emphasizes disrupting trafficking organizations by destroying processing labs over the more traditional approach, crop eradication. Central to its war on cocaine is the so-called Andean Initiative, a five-year, $2.2 billion aid program to break up cocaine production and trafficking organizations and strengthen local economies and government institutions. Administration officials said that the disruption of some trafficking has caused a substantial drop in coca leaf prices in parts of Bolivia and Peru, prompting some peasants to switch voluntarily to legal crops, and that a modest decrease in cocaine imports in some parts of the United States resulted in a decrease in the potency and an increased in the price of cocaine sold in several American cities. But American officials point to Peru as the toughest problem facing the Administration's drug war in Latin America. With 300,000 acres of land planted in coca and 200,000 peasants employed in its cultivation, Peru is by far the largest source of the raw material for cocaine. The Peruvian Army is reluctant to disrupt coca-growing for fear of driving the farmers into the arms of the leftist Shining Path guerrillas, and the rebels profit from the coca trade by taxing traffickers. A State Department official who recently traveled to Bolivia described visiting a farm owned by a peasant named Florencio in the Chapare coca-growing region. Florencio had destroyed more than 40 acres of coca plants in the last year in exchange for thousands of dollars in American economic aid, and now cultivates papayas, black pepper and macadamia nuts. But not all is going well at Florencio's farm. He and his family still live in a dilapidated shack. He complains that life was easier in the days when the cocaine middlemen used to come to him to buy coca leaves; now he has to drive his pickup truck four hours on bad roads to sell his produce. And he continues | ANTI-DRUG EFFORT DRAGS OUTSIDE U.S. |
403728_0 | AFTER a four-year fight, backers of the newly approved $600 million natural-gas pipeline from Canada to Long Island say that they are hoping to begin construction in Connecticut in the early spring. The first task will be to obtain the remaining rights of way for the Connecticut portion of the 370-mile pipeline, which should be easier now that a Federal agency has approved the project, said Gary Davis, a spokesman for the Iroquois Gas Transmission System, the pipeline's developer. About 40 percent of the land needed for the project in New York and Connecticut has already been obtained, he said, although the percentage for Connecticut alone is probably lower. Iroquois had encountered resistance from some propety owners along the route, Mr. Davis said, adding that much of that opposition should evaporate, now that the project has been licensed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The commission gave unanimous approval to the project on Nov. 14. In addition to seeking the rights of way, he said, Iroquois will begin seeking bids for the purchase of pipe and building materials and for the construction of the underground pipeline. "We just signed an order for $91 million worth of pipe," Mr. Davis said. Since it was proposed more than four years ago, the pipeline, which will carry natural gas from western Canada to six Northeastern states, had engendered bitter opposition. Steven J. Whitman, executive director of the Housatonic Valley Association in Cornwall, which has been active in the pipeline fight, said his group will soon decide whether to appeal the decision. Positive Changes Noted "We haven't made a decision on appealing it yet," Mr. Whitman said. "Despite the fact that we're in disagreement with the decision, we feel there have been many changes which have been positive." He noted that the pipeline route is now shorter than originally proposed, and an auxiliary pipeline, known as the Farmington Lateral, which would have crossed through several additional Connecticut towns, was dropped. Anyone seeking to appeal the license ruling must file a petition for a rehearing within 30 days; the commission then has 30 more days to respond. Only after that would a complainant be allowed to file an appeal in Federal court. The gas will be sent from western Canada to Iroquois, Ontario, through the Trans-Canada pipeline, and then south into New York State at Waddington. It would cross the Hudson River south of Albany | Opponents Remain Wary as Pipeline Construction Approaches |
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