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After Buddha 's passing away , the early Buddhist schools developed various schisms . | [
"Later ( after Buddha 's death ) , the early Buddhist schools came into being due to various schisms , but there is still some unclarity concerning the specific schisms that occurred , and the order in which they occurred ."
] | [
"Historically Cheemas followed local Peer-E-Tariqat ( The head of a Sufi order ) , and Jathera ( Ancestor worship ) as well as previously , Buddhism ."
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The words schism and schismatic have found perhaps their heaviest usage in the history of Christianity , to speak of splits within a church . | [
"The words schism and schismatic have found their heaviest usage in the history of Christianity , to denote splits within a church or religious body ."
] | [
"Religious persecution has taken place at least since the Persecution of early Christians in the Roman Empire , and has happened in completely different historical , geographical and social contexts , but still , some generalizations are necessary . One period of religious persecution which has been studied extensi... | SimpleWiki | {
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La Vacquerie is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"La Vacquerie is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
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Peter Phillips ( born 15 November 1977 ) is the only son of Anne , Princess Royal and Mark Phillips . | [
"Peter Mark Andrew Phillips ( born 15 November 1977 ) is the only son of The Princess Anne , The Princess Royal and her first husband , Captain Mark Phillips ."
] | [
"The Princess Helena ( Helena Augusta Victoria : Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein by marriage ; 25 May 1846 â `` 9 June 1923 ) was a member of the British Royal Family , the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert ."
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He is the eldest grandchild of the current United Kingdom monarch Elizabeth II . | [
"He is the eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh ."
] | [
"Matches were rumored with Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia , Crown Prince Carol of Romania , Edward , Prince of Wales , eldest son of Britain 's George V , and with Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia ."
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During the first World War , chamber pots in Britain had the face of their king on the inside . | [
"During the first World War chamber pots appeared in Britain with the face of the Kaiser on the inside allowing the user an additional amount of satisfaction ; these are now highly collectible items ."
] | [
"In the early years of the war , a tram went round Southampton for two hours twice a week , with a military band playing on the top deck , in an effort to boost recruitment ."
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The chamber pot was originally designed for females . | [
"A peculiar form of chamber pot , the Bourdaloue , was designed specifically for females ."
] | [
"The pug was also well known in Italy ."
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Currently , they are still used in some country regions in the North . | [
"Currently , they are still used in some of the rural regions of the North ."
] | [
"Earlier , the majority of the inhabitants made a living in the wine industry ."
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It was supposedly named after the French Catholic priest Louis Bourdaloue , whose sermon were so long that women brought Bourdaloue so they could urinate without having to leave . | [
"The name `` Bourdaloue '' allegedly comes from that of a famous French Catholic priest , Louis Bourdaloue ( 1632 â `` 1704 ) , who delivered such long sermons that females of the aristocracy attending them had their maids bring in such pots discreetly under their dresses so that they could urinate without having t... | [
"During his Ascension Day sermon on May 4 , 1497 , bands of youths rioted , and the riot became a revolt : dancing and singing taverns reopened , and men again dared to gamble publicly ."
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A chamber pot ( also a chamberpot ) , a piss pot , a potty , or a thunder pot ) is a container with a handle , usually used as a urinal at night . It is kept in a bedroom under a bed or in a nightstand . | [
"A chamber pot ( also a chamberpot , a jerry , a Jordan , a po , a gazunder ( possibly from French `` pot de chambre '' or more likely a contraction of ` goes under ' ) , a piss pot , a potty , or a thunder pot ) is a bowl-shaped container with a handle , and often a lid , kept in the bedroom under a bed or in the ... | [
"In the United States , `` bathroom '' commonly means `` a room containing a lavatory '' ."
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In the 19th century , water closets started to be more common than chamber pots , but chamber pots were still used until the mid-20th century . | [
"The introduction of inside water closets started to displace chamber pots in the 19th century but such pots were in common use until the mid-20th century ."
] | [
"The town was historically agricultural , but began experiencing suburban sprawl in the later decades of the 20th century , which continues currently ."
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During Victorian times , some chamber pots were built into a cabinet with a closeable cover . | [
"In Victorian times , some chamber pots would be built into a cabinet with a closable cover ."
] | [
"They are made in a range of shapes but are commonly found in oval or rectangular forms , sometimes with cutout or attached handles with which to carry them ."
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In the Philippines , chamber pots are used as urinals and are commonly called `` Arinola '' in Philippine languages like as Tagalog and Cebuano . | [
"In the Philippines , chamber pots are used as urinals and are commonly called `` Arinola '' in most Philippine languages , such as Tagalog and Cebuano ."
] | [
"Inhabitants are called Ilocanos and they speak the language Iloko , also called Ilocano ."
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Elephants also have tusks . | [
"It is possible , if unlikely , that continued selection pressure could bring about a complete absence of tusks in African elephants . The effect of tuskless elephants on the environment , and on the elephants themselves , could be dramatic ."
] | [
"Fossil Mysticeti had teeth before baleen evolved ."
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Most elephants used by people are female , except those used in war . In a battle , female elephants run from males , so armies needed males . | [
"Therefore , elephants used by humans have typically been female , war elephants being an exception ; as female elephants in battle will run from a male , only males could be used in war ."
] | [
"If one lioness gives birth to a litter of cubs a couple of months after another lioness , for instance , then the younger cubs , being much smaller than their older brethren , are usually dominated by larger cubs at mealtimesâ '' consequently , death by starvation is more common amongst the younger cubs ."
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He probably used the North African elephant , a kind of elephant that does not live today . | [
"Also , the African elephant is typically larger than the Asian elephant and has a concave back ."
] | [
"They rarely go above 100 m. The Arabian Ostriches in the Near and Middle East were hunted to extinction by the middle of the 20th century . Ostriches normally spend the winter months in pairs or alone ."
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An elephant 's most obvious part is the trunk . The trunk is a very long nose , made from the upper lip . | [
"The proboscis , or trunk , is a fusion of the nose and upper lip , elongated and specialized to become the elephant 's most important and versatile appendage ."
] | [
"Unlike its land dwelling cousins , its legs are not disproportionately large compared to its forelimbs which are strong and end in hooked claws for grasping tree limbs , and it has a long tail for balance ."
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The first person to use the elephant as a symbol for the Republican Party was Thomas Nast . He did that in a Harper 's Weekly cartoon in 1874 . | [
"The use of the elephant as a symbol of the Republican Party ( United States ) began with an 1874 cartoon by Thomas Nast ."
] | [
"Hogan 's Alley , a comic strip revolving around a bald child in a yellow nightshirt ( nicknamed The Yellow Kid ) , became exceptionally popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the World in early 1896 ."
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African elephants have a low place in their back . African elephants have two `` fingers '' at the end of their trunks , but Asian elephants only have one . | [
"The Elephants of the genus Loxodonta , known collectively as African elephants , are currently found in 37 countries in Africa ."
] | [
"The living sloths belong to one of two families , known as the Megalonychidae ( `` two-toed '' sloths ) and the Bradypodidae ( three-toed sloths ) . All living sloths have in fact three toes ; the `` two-toed '' sloths , however , have only two fingers ."
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Female African elephants have tusks , but female Asian elephants do not . | [
"In Asian elephants , only males have tusks , but both males and females of African elephants have tusks and are usually less hairy than their Asian cousins ."
] | [
"These particular animals , such as the American Crocodile and Asian brown tortoise , have evolutionary links to the age of the dinosaurs ."
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African elephants are larger and have bigger ears . | [
"African elephants are distinguished from Asian elephants in several ways , the most noticeable being their much larger ears ."
] | [
"Marco Polo sheep are distinguishable mostly by their large size and spiraling horns ."
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The Carthaginian general Hannibal took some elephants across the Alps when he fought the Romans . He probably used the North African elephant , a kind of elephant that does not live today . | [
"The Carthaginian general Hannibal took elephants across the Alps when he was fighting the Romans , but brought too few elephants to be of much military use , although his horse cavalry was quite successful ; he probably used a now-extinct third African subspecies , the North African forest elephant , smaller than ... | [
"With regard to the number of toenails : the African bush elephant normally has four toenails on the front foot and three on the hind feet , the African forest elephant normally has five toenails on the front foot and four on the hind foot ( like the Asian elephant ) , but hybrids between the two species commonly o... | SimpleWiki | {
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A megabit is a unit of information or computer storage . It is abbreviated Mbit or Mb . | [
"The megabit has the unit symbol Mbit or Mb ."
] | [
"The baud rate is related to but should not be confused with gross bit rate expressed in bit\\/s ."
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Hugh Stephen Orde OBE is the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland . | [
"Sir Hugh Stephen Orde , OBE , QPM is currently Chief Constable and President of the Association of Chief Police Officers , representing the 44 police forces of England , Wales and Northern Ireland . Between 2002-2009 he was the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland ( PSNI ) ."
] | [
"Chief Constable is the title given to the chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except for the City of London Police and the Metropolitan Police , as well as the chief officers of the British Transport Police , Ministry of Defense Police , Civil Nuclear Constabulary and Isle ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Although it is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the Muslim holy book , the Qur ` an , virtually all contemporary knowledge of the battle at Badr comes from traditional Islamic accounts , both hadiths and biographies of Muhammad , written decades after the battle . | [
"It is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the Quran . Most contemporary knowledge of the battle at Badr comes from traditional Islamic accounts , both hadiths and biographies of Muhammad , some written after the battle ."
] | [
"We have no direct sources of Mazdakism : none of their books have survived . Our knowledge is made up of brief mentions in Syriac , Persian , Arabic and Greek sources , and almost all of the information is written by opponents of Mazdakism ."
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The Battle of Badr , was fought March 17 , 624 CE of western Arabia ( present-day Saudi Arabia ) . It was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad 's struggle with his opponents among the Quraysh in Mecca . | [
"The Battle of Badr , fought March 13 , 624 AD ( 17 Ramadan 2 AH in the Islamic calendar ) Hejaz region of western Arabia ( present-day Saudi Arabia ) , was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad 's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca ."
] | [
"He is noted for his military tactics and prowess , commanding the forces of Medina and those of his immediate successors of the Rashidun Caliphate ; Abu Bakr and Umar ."
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The battle has been passed down in Islamic history as a decisive victory attributable to divine intervention and also the genius of Muhammad . | [
"The battle has been passed down in Islamic history as a decisive victory attributable to divine intervention , or by secular sources to the genius of Muhammad ."
] | [
"The Bahà ' à faith is considered apostate in Iran because it believes in a prophet ( Bahà ` u 'll à h ) more recent than Muhammad , in contradiction of Islamic teachings , where it is held that Muhammad is the last and final messenger sent to mankind ."
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50 Cent divides between `` hard '' songs and `` soft '' songs on the album . | [
"Music writers have noted that 50 Cent divides between `` hard '' songs and `` soft '' songs on the album ."
] | [
"It is a parody of the song `` Beat It '' by pop star Michael Jackson ."
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It sold the most copies in one week for an East Coast album since Jay-Z 's Kingdom Come sold 680,000 copies sold . | [
"It also had the highest sales week for an East Coast album since Jay-Z 's Kingdom Come debuted with 680,000 copies sold several months earlier ."
] | [
"Her most recent non-compilation album is Live at the Troubadour , a collaboration with James Taylor , which reached # 4 on the charts , in its first week , and has sold over 400,000 copies ."
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The album 's sales competition with Kanye West 's Graduation was considered to be a `` great day for hip hop '' . | [
"After years of slumping sales , the album 's competition with Kanye West 's Graduation and the resulting record breaking performances both albums displayed was considered to be a `` great day for hip hop . ''"
] | [
"Though it produced the hit `` Minority '' and a smaller hit with `` Warning '' , some observers were coming to the conclusion that the band was losing relevance , and a decline in popularity followed ."
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Curtis was released and sold 691,000 copies in its first week on the Billboard 200 . It sold the most copies in one week for an East Coast album since Jay-Z 's Kingdom Come sold 680,000 copies sold . | [
"24,000 copies were sold in week 7 , 20,000 copies sold in week 8 , 17,000 copies sold in week 9 , another 17,000 copies sold in week 10 , 21,000 copies sold in week 11 , 15,000 sold in week 12 , 17,000 copies sold in week 13 19,000 copies sold in week 14 , and 25,000 copies sold in week 15 ."
] | [
"Her most recent non-compilation album is Live at the Troubadour , a collaboration with James Taylor , which reached # 4 on the charts , in its first week , and has sold over 400,000 copies ."
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Curtis was released and sold 691,000 copies in its first week on the Billboard 200 . | [
"Curtis debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 691,000 copies in its first week ."
] | [
"One Hot Minute was a commercial disappointment despite producing three hit singles and reaching number four on the Billboard 200 chart ."
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Curtis is the third album by rapper 50 Cent . The album was released on September 11 2007 . | [
"Curtis is the third studio album by American rapper 50 Cent , released September 11 , 2007 , on Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records ."
] | [
"One-X is the second album from Three Days Grace , released on June 13 , 2006 ."
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Originally called the Dallas Texans , the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League . | [
"Originally named the Dallas Texans , the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) ."
] | [
"Through 2010 , all but one of the player inductees played some part of their pro career in the NFL ( the lone exception is Buffalo Bills guard Billy Shaw , who played his entire career in the American Football League ( AFL ) prior to the 1970 AFL-NFL merger ) ."
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The team is a part of the Western Division of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) in the National Football League ( NFL ) . | [
"They are a member of the Western Division of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) in the National Football League ( NFL ) ."
] | [
"They are part of the Central Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ."
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The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team located in Kansas City , Missouri . | [
"The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri ."
] | [
"The Green Bay Packers are an American football team based in Green Bay , Wisconsin ."
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The Chiefs hold the distinction of being the second AFL team ( after the New York Jets ) to beat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game when they beat the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV . | [
"The Chiefs were the second AFL team ( after the New York Jets ) to defeat an NFL franchise in an AFLâ `` NFL World Championship Game when they defeated the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV ."
] | [
"Through 2010 , all but one of the player inductees played some part of their pro career in the NFL ( the lone exception is Buffalo Bills guard Billy Shaw , who played his entire career in the American Football League ( AFL ) prior to the 1970 AFL-NFL merger ) ."
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Guadarrama is a village in the nothwestern part of the community of Madrid , in Spain . | [
"Guadarrama is a town in the Community of Madrid in Spain ."
] | [
"It is in the north of the country , and its provincial capital is the city of Qom ."
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Frederica Sagor Maas ( born July 6 , 1900 ) is an American playwright , screenwriter , essayist and author , the youngest daughter of Russian immigrants . | [
"Frederica Sagor Maas ( born July 6 , 1900 as Frederica Alexandrina Sagor ) is an American playwright , screenwriter , memoirist and author , the youngest daughter of Russian immigrants ."
] | [
"Mercedes J. Ruehl ( born February 28 , 1948 ) is an American theater , television and film actor ."
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Sibiu County has an area of 5,432 square kilometers . | [
"This county has a total area of 5,432 km ."
] | [
"Trang province has an area of approximately 5,000 square km ."
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The group has hardly changed in millions of years . The modern horseshoe crabs look almost identical to prehistoric genera such as the Jurassic Mesolimulus , and are considered to be living fossils . | [
"The group has hardly changed in millions of years ; the modern horseshoe crabs look almost identical to prehistoric genera such as the Jurassic Mesolimulus , and are considered to be living fossils ."
] | [
"The supposed vampyromorphids from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian ( 156-146 mya ) of Solnhofen , Plesioteuthis prisca , Leptoteuthis gigas , and Trachyteuthis hastiformis , can not be positively assigned to this group ; they are large species ( from 35 cm in P. prisca to ) 1 meter in L. gigas ) and show features not fo... | SimpleWiki | {
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Xiphosura is an order of marine chelicerates . It includes a large number of extinct lines and only four recent species in the family Limulidae , which include the horseshoe crabs . | [
"Xiphosura is an order of marine chelicerates which includes a large number of extinct lineages and only four recent species in the family Limulidae , which include the horseshoe crabs ."
] | [
"The phrase `` true limpets '' is used only for marine limpets in the ancient clade Patellogastropoda , which contains five living families and two fossil families ."
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Xiphosura are traditionally placed in the class Merostomata . This term was originally made for the eurypterids ; now , with the Xiphosura added , it is known to be paraphyletic . | [
"Xiphosura are traditionally placed in the class Merostomata , although this term was originally intended to encompass also the eurypterids , whence it denoted what is now known to be an unnatural ( paraphyletic ) group ."
] | [
"Current evidence strongly suggests that termites evolved directly from true cockroaches , and many authors now consider termites to be an epifamily of cockroaches , as Blattaria excluding Isoptera is not a monophyletic group ."
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In smaller communities an imam could be the community leader based on the community setting . | [
"In smaller communities , an imam could also be the community leader ."
] | [
"There is no delegation of administrative powers to neighborhoods , although there are several neighborhood associations devoted to improve their own standards of living ."
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More often the community turn to the mosque imam , if they have an Islamic question . | [
"More often , the community turns to the mosque imam if they have a religious question ."
] | [
"Additionally , a trusting relationship with the family means the child 's parents are less likely to believe potential accusations ."
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Similarly to spiritual leaders , the imam is the person who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings . | [
"Similar to spiritual leaders , the imam is the one who leads Islamic worship services ."
] | [
"In nearly two-thirds of American mosques , women pray behind partitions or in separate areas , not in the main prayer hall ; some mosques do not admit women at all due to the lack of space and the fact that some prayers , such as the Friday Jummah , are mandatory for men but optional for women ."
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In Aztec mythology , Huitzilopochtli , also spelled Uitzilopochtli , , was a god of war , a sun god , and the patron of the city of Tenochtitlan . | [
"In Aztec mythology , Huitzilopochtli , also spelled ' ( `` Hummingbird on the Left '' , or `` Left-Handed Hummingbird '' , huitzilin being Nahuatl for hummingbird ) , was a god of war , a sun god , and the patron of the city of Tenochtitlan . He was also the national god of the Mexicas of Tenochtitlan ."
] | [
"Tinia ( also Tin , Tinh , Tins or Tina ) was the god of the sky and the highest god in Etruscan mythology , equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus ."
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He also threw his other brothers and sisters into the sky , where they became the stars . | [
"He threw his other brothers and sisters into the sky , where they became the stars ."
] | [
"Afterward , he left their mutilated bodies in front of the palace for all to see ."
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Her offspring , Huitzilopochtli , learned of this plan while still in the womb , and before it was put into action , sprang from his mother 's womb fully grown and fully armed and killed his sister Coyolxauhqui , together with many of his 400 brothers and sisters . | [
"Her offspring , Huitzilopochtli , learned of this plan while still in the womb , and before it was put into action , sprang from his mother 's womb fully grown and fully armed . He then killed his sister Coyolxauhqui and many of his 400 brothers ."
] | [
"In Aztec mythology , Huitzilopochtli , also spelled ' ( `` Hummingbird on the Left '' , or `` Left-Handed Hummingbird '' , huitzilin being Nahuatl for hummingbird ) , was a god of war , a sun god , and the patron of the city of Tenochtitlan . He was also the national god of the Mexicas of Tenochtitlan ."
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He then tossed his sister 's head into the sky , where it became the moon , so that his mother would be comforted in seeing her daughter in the sky every night . | [
"He tossed his sister 's head into the sky , where it became the moon , so that his mother would be comforted in seeing her daughter in the sky every night ."
] | [
"Ashamed , she jumped into a lake to take the form of a fish , but the waters would not conceal her divine beauty ."
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Codeine can be extracted from opium . Today , most codeine is synthesized from morphine through the process of O-methylation . | [
"While codeine can be directly extracted from opium , its original source , most codeine is synthesized from morphine through the process of O-methylation ."
] | [
"Mercury sulfate is used as a catalyst in the production of acetaldehyde from acetylene and water ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Codeine hydrochloride is more commonly marketed in continental Europe and other regions . | [
"Codeine hydrochloride is more commonly marketed in continental Europe and other regions , and codeine hydroiodide and codeine citrate round out the top five most-used codeine salts worldwide ."
] | [
"Another mercury compound Merbromin ( Mercurochrome ) is a topical antiseptic used for minor cuts and scrapes is still in use in some countries ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Codeine is often marketed as drugs in combination with paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) as co-codamol ( best known in North America as Tylenol 3 ) . | [
"Codeine is marketed as both a single-ingredient drug and in combination preparations with the analgesic acetaminophen ( paracetamol ) , as co-codamol , paracod , panadeine , or the Tylenol With Codeine series ( e.g. , Tylenol 3 and 4 tablets and elixir ) ; with the analgesic acetylsalicylic acid ( aspirin ) , as c... | [
"Sudafed is a trademark for a common brand that contains pseudoephedrine , although Sudafed PE does not contain it ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Codeine can be extracted from opium . | [
"Codeine hydrochloride is more commonly marketed in continental Europe and other regions , and codeine hydroiodide and codeine citrate round out the top five most-used codeine salts worldwide . Codeine is usually present in raw opium as free alkaloid in addition to codeine meconate , codeine pectinate , and possibl... | [
"Also unlike cocaine , procaine does not have the euphoric and addictive qualities that put it at risk for abuse . Cocaine is also not a vasodilator ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is marketed as the salts codeine sulfate and codeine phosphate . | [
"Codeine phosphate and sulfate are marketed in the United States and Canada ."
] | [
"Its action is due to the bromide ion ( sodium bromide is equally effective ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The related English verb , initiate , means to begin or start a particular action . | [
"The related English verb , initiate , means to begin or start a particular action , event , circumstance , or happening ."
] | [
"The word buttress , in a more general sense , means to support ; one might buttress another person 's argument , for instance ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Language:",
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Examples of initiation ceremonies are Christian baptism or confirmation , Jewish bar or bat mitzvah , acceptance into a fraternal organization like the freemasons or religious order like the Benedictines , or graduation from school . | [
"Examples of initiation ceremonies might include Christian baptism or confirmation , Jewish bar or bat mitzvah , acceptance into a fraternal organization , secret society or religious order , or graduation from school or recruit training ."
] | [
"According to Jewish law , when Jewish children reach 13 years of age for boys and 12 years of age for girls , they become responsible for their actions , and `` become a Bar or Bat Mitzvah '' ( English : Son ( Bar ) or Daughter ( Bat ) of the commandment ) . In many Conservative and Reform synagogues , girls celeb... | SimpleWiki | {
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Otherwise , the individual may not be allowed to take part in ceremonies or even in social ritual such as marriage . | [
"Otherwise , the individual may not be allowed to participate in ceremonies or even in social ritual such as marriage ."
] | [
"In addition , it is disrespectful to walk in front of or otherwise disturb Muslims in prayer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In some African tribes , boys have initiation rites for 3-4 months and girls for 1-2 months . | [
"In some African tribes , boys take about 3 â `` 4 months participating in initiation rites and girls take about 1 â `` 2 months ."
] | [
"The gestation period is 30-31 days , after which , the baby Joey attaches to the teat in the pouch for 130-150 days ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Because of modernization initiation is not taken so seriously as before , but there are still certain areas which still perform initiations . | [
"Where modernization is occurring , initiation is not taken so seriously as before , although there are still certain areas which still perform initiations ."
] | [
"However , it has come over time to have a much more significant meaning to the player and fans ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Australian Aboriginal tribes usually had long periods of time to help prepare adolescent boys , teaching them the Law before they were ready to attend large elaborate ceremonies at the time of initiation when they were finally recognized as men in their society . | [
"Australian Aboriginal tribes usually had long periods of time to help prepare adolescent boys , teaching them the Law before they were ready to attend large elaborate ceremonies at the time of initiation when they were finally recognized as fully-fledged men in their society ."
] | [
"Traditionally , only men play the didgeridoo and sing during ceremonial occasions , although both men and women may dance ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In many African tribes , initiation means circumcision of males and sometimes circumcision\/genital mutilation of females as well . | [
"In many African tribes , initiation involves circumcision of males and sometimes circumcision\\/genital mutilation of females as well ."
] | [
"In some cultures , an intact hymen is highly valued at marriage . Some women undergo hymenoplasty , a restoration of their hymen ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The English word comes from the Latin , initium : `` entrance '' or `` beginning . | [
"The English word derives from the Latin , initium : `` entrance '' or `` beginning , '' literally `` a going in . ''"
] | [
"The name is the plural form of vin which means `` meadow '' or `` pasture '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Initiation is thought to be necessary for the individual to be regarded as a full member of the tribe . | [
"Initiation is considered necessary for the individual to be regarded as a full member of the tribe ."
] | [
"Eli Rozik points out that the shaman , as such , is seen as a prototypical actor influencing the rituals of early Greek theater ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Maxi Priest ( born Max Alfred Elliot on June 10 , 1962 ) is a English reggae singer . | [
"Max Alfred `` Maxi '' Priest ( born 10 June 1962 ) is a British reggae vocalist of Jamaican descent ."
] | [
"Sean Kingston ( born Kisean Anderson ; February 3 , 1990 ) is a Jamaican singer and rapper ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They will make more moss . | [
"Growing moss from spores is even less controlled . Moss spores fall in a constant rain on exposed surfaces ; those surfaces which are hospitable to a certain species of moss will typically be colonised by that moss within a few years of exposure to wind and rain ."
] | [
"See meta : Knocking her dead one on the nose each and every double trey for a historical example ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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As the water evaporates it cools the inside , letting food stored in the inner pot to be kept fresh for some time . | [
"The device cools as the water evaporates , allowing food stored in the inner pot to be kept fresh for much longer in a hot , dry climate ."
] | [
"Thus a cake made with butter or eggs instead of water is far denser after removal from the oven ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is made by putting a clay pot inside a larger clay pot with wet sand in between the pots and a wet cloth on top . | [
"A zeer is constructed by placing a clay pot within a larger clay pot with wet sand in between the pots and a wet cloth on top ."
] | [
"A special wooden spatula is used to force the tea through the sieve , or a small , smooth stone may be placed on top of the sieve and the device shaken gently ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It must be placed in a dry , ventilated place for the water to evaporate to the outside . | [
"It must be placed in a dry , ventilated space for the water to evaporate effectively towards the outside ."
] | [
"As a fine powder , toner can remain suspended in the air for some period , and is considered to have health effects comparable to inert dust ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The pot-in-pot refrigerator , also known as a Zeer Ø Ù Ø Ù Ø in Arabic , is a food cooling device which keeps food cool without electricity by using evaporation . | [
"The pot-in-pot refrigerator , also known as a Zeer Ø Ù Ø Ù Ø in Arabic , is a refrigeration device which keeps food cool without electricity by using evaporative cooling ."
] | [
"Since the heat pump or refrigerator uses a certain amount of work to move the refrigerant , the amount of energy deposited on the hot side is greater than taken from the cold side . One common type of heat pump works by exploiting the physical properties of an evaporating and condensing fluid known as a refrigeran... | SimpleWiki | {
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Lartigue , Gironde is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Lartigue is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Christoly-M Ã doc is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A Wild Weasel is a nickname for an aircraft in the United States Air Force that is supposed to destroy enemy anti-aircraft guns , surface-to-air missiles , and other ground attack weapons by seeking them out with radar and destroying them with missiles . | [
"A Wild Weasel is an aircraft ( usually United States Air Force ) specially equipped with radar seeking missiles , and tasked with destroying the radars and SAM installations of enemy air defense systems ."
] | [
"A stealth ship is a ship which employs stealth technology construction techniques in an effort to ensure that it is harder to detect by one or more of radar , visual , sonar , and infrared methods ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Pinacosaurus ( `` plank lizard '' ) is a genus of medium-sized ankylosaur dinosaurs that lived from the late Santonian to the late Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period ( roughly 80 â `` 75 million years ago ) , in Mongolia and China . | [
"Pinacosaurus ( `` plank lizard '' ) is a genus of medium-sized ankylosaur dinosaurs that lived from the late Santonian to the late Campanian stages of the late Cretaceous Period ( roughly 80 -- 75 million years ago ) , in Mongolia and China ."
] | [
"Avimimus , meaning `` bird mimic '' ( Latin avis = bird + mimus = mimic ) , was a genus of bird-like maniraptoran dinosaur that lived in the late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia , around 70 million years ago ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Sainte-Gemme , Gironde is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Sainte-Gemme is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Cours-les-Bains is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
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Aomori is located on Tohoku and it is the northern most prefecture in Honshu . | [
"Aomori Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the TÅ hoku Region . The capital is the city of Aomori ."
] | [
"Mie Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan which is part of the Kansai regions on HonshÅ `` island ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Morten Gamst Pedersen ( born 8 September 1981 ) is a Norwegian football player . He plays for Blackburn Rovers and Norway national team . | [
"Morten Gamst Pedersen ( born 8 September 1981 in Vadsà , Norway ) is a Norwegian-S à mi footballer who plays for Blackburn Rovers in the Premier League and internationally for Norway ."
] | [
"Leon Osman ( born 17 May 1981 ) is an English football player who plays for Everton in the Premier League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They initially rose to fame during the 1980s , but have had continued success in the 1990s and 2000s . | [
"The group initially rose to fame during the mid 1980s after being discovered by musician and producer John Ratcliff and had continued global success in the 1990s and 2000s ."
] | [
"Although she was never part of her family 's singing group , she gained success as a solo country music artist in the 1970s and 1980s ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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a-ha is a band from Norway . | [
"A-ha ( spelt `` a-ha '' in lower-case on their releases ) was a New Wave\\/Synthpop band from Norway ."
] | [
"Hot Club de Paris are an English band from Liverpool ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He recently acted in the independent film Manhattan Minute . | [
"In 2006 , he co-starred in the independent film Manhattan Minute ."
] | [
"In 1998 , she landed a starring role in a musical theater production called Utah ! ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Peter Abbay ( born May 3 , 1966 ) is rumored to play the mysterious unseen Banker on NBC 's hit game show , Deal or No Deal . He also appeared on several TV shows , such as House as a cab driver , Punk 'd as a Mob Boss , and Another World as Logan . | [
"Peter Abbay ( born Peter Martin Jewitt ; May 3 , 1966 ) is an American actor who has appeared on several TV shows , such as House , Punk 'd , and Another World ."
] | [
"In 2006 , he played a recurring role on the final season of The O.C and guest-starred in the sitcom Two and a Half Men ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Six years later the London-born Kenyan paleoanthropologist Meave Leakey and archaeologist Alan Walker excavated the Allia Bay site and uncovered several additional fragments of the hominid , including one complete lower jaw bone which closely resembles that of a common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) but whose teeth are much more similar to those of a human . | [
"Six years later the London-born Kenyan paleoanthropologist Meave Leakey and archaeologist Alan Walker excavated the Allia Bay site and uncovered several additional fragments of the hominid , including one complete lower jaw bone which closely resembles that of a common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) but whose teet... | [
"H. floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age , being a concrete example of a recent species of the genus Homo that exhibits derived traits not shared with modern humans ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The first fossilized specimen of the species , though not recognized as such at the time , was a single arm bone found in Pliocene strata in the Kanapoi region of East Lake Turkana by a Harvard University research team in 1965 . | [
"The first fossilized specimen of the species , though not recognized as such at the time , was a single fragment of humerus ( arm bone ) found in Pliocene strata in the Kanapoi region of East Lake Turkana by a Harvard University research team in 1965 ."
] | [
"The name Leedsichthys means `` Leeds ' fish '' , after the fossil collector Alfred Nicholson Leeds , who discovered it before 1886 near Peterborough , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Paleontology:",
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Manvieux is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Manvieux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Saint-Germain-d ` Ectot is a commune in the Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
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Air Force One is the air traffic call sign ( name ) of any Air Force aircraft being used by the President of the United States . | [
"Air Force One is the official air traffic control call sign of any United States Air Force aircraft carrying the President of the United States ."
] | [
"The Oval Office , located in the West Wing of the White House , is the official office of the President of the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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They are only called Air Force One when the President is on board ; if the Vice President of another senior official is flying it is called Air Force Two . | [
"Air Force One is the official air traffic control call sign of any United States Air Force aircraft carrying the President of the United States . In common parlance the term refers to those Air Force aircraft whose primary mission is to transport the president ; however , any U.S. Air Force aircraft may carry the ... | [
"The vice president sometimes assumes some of the ceremonial duties of the president , such as attending functions and events that the actual president may be too busy to attend ; the Vice President of the United States , for example , often attends funerals of world leaders on behalf of the President ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Besides chimpanzees , primates inhabiting Gombe Stream include beachcomber olive baboons , Red Colobus monkeys and vervet monkeys . | [
"Besides chimpanzees , primates inhabiting Gombe Stream include beachcomber olive baboons , red-tailed monkeys and vervet monkeys ."
] | [
"The Potter Park Zoo 's Feline and Primate Building houses two Amur ( Siberian ) tigers , African lions , snow leopards , lemurs , mandrills , and endangered tamarin monkeys ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Park is most famous as the place where Jane Goodall did her research on the chimpanzee groups . | [
"Accessible only by boat , the park is most famous as the location where Jane Goodall pioneered her behavioral research conducted on the chimpanzee populations ."
] | [
"Leakey raised funds , and in 1960 Goodall went to Gombe Stream National Park becoming the first of `` Leakey 's Angels '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Visitors to the park can trek into the forest to view the chimpanzees , as well as swim and snorkel in Lake Tanganyika with almost 100 kinds of colourful cichlid fish . | [
"Visitors to the park can trek into the forest to view the chimpanzees , as well as swim and snorkel in Lake Tanganyika with almost 100 kinds of colorful cichlid fish ."
] | [
"Its rocky beach and clear waters are ideal for snorkeling and scuba diving as well as surfing during the monsoon season ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Gombe Stream National Park is a national Park in north-western Tanzania . | [
"Gombe Stream National Park is located in western Tanzania , 10 miles ( 20 km ) north of Kigoma , the regional capital of western Tanzania . Established in 1968 , Gombe is the smallest national park in Tanzania , with only 20 s of forest running along the hills of the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika ."
] | [
"Salim Ali National Park ( formerly the City Forest National Park ) is a national park in Jammu and Kashmir in India ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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} |
All told , chimps may kill and eat a third of the Gombeâ s colobus population each year '' . | [
"The chimps at Gombe kill and eat as much as one-third of the colobus population in the park each year ."
] | [
"In Australopithecus , however , males can be up to 50 % larger than females ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Gombe Stream 's high levels of diversity make it an increasingly popular tourist destination . | [
"Gombe Streamâ s high levels of diversity make it an increasingly popular tourist destination ."
] | [
"The wetlands and coastal mangroves are noted for their importance as a fish nursery and crocodile habitat , providing important drought refuge and finally the Great Barrier Reef lies off the east coast and is an important marine habitat ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Waleed M. al-Shehri ( Arabic : Ø Ù Ø Ù Ø Ù , also transliterated Alshehri ) was named by the FBI as a hijacker of American Airlines Flight 11 from Boston to Los Angeles that crashed into the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 , 2001 attacks . | [
"Waleed Mohammed al-Shehri ( , WalÄ `` d ash-Shehr Ä `` , also transliterated as Alshehri ) ( December 20 , 1978 â `` September 11 , 2001 ) was one of five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11 , which was crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks ."
] | [
"In the United States , Patriot Day occurs on September 11 of each year , designated in memory of the 2,977 killed in the September 11 , 2001 attacks ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Stagecoach Group plc is a leading international transport group operating buses , trains , trams , express coaches and ferries . | [
"Stagecoach Group plc is an international transport group operating buses , trains , trams , express coaches and ferries ."
] | [
"Railway Gazette International is a monthly business journal covering the railway , metro , light rail and tram industries worldwide ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Lower Dir District is a district in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan . | [
"The district was formed in 1996 , when the district of Dir was divided into Upper Dir and Lower Dir ."
] | [
"Mastung District is a district located in the north west of Balochistan province , Pakistan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Bruyà res-et-Montb à rault is a commune . | [
"Bruyà res-et-Montb à rault is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"ESPE Basket Chà cents lons-en-Champagne is a Chà cents lons ' basketball team ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
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The precinct of Amun-Re is the only part of Karnak which is open to the public . | [
"It consists of four main parts ( precincts ) , of which only the largest , the Precinct of Amun-Re , currently is open to the general public . The term Karnak often is understood as being the Precinct of Amun-Re only , because this is the only part most visitors normally see ."
] | [
"Giza 's most famous archaeological site , the Giza Plateau , holds some of the most astonishing monuments in Egyptian history . Once thriving with the Nile that flowed right into the Giza Plateau , the pyramids of Giza were built overlooking the ancient Egyptian capital city of Memphis , which was near modern day ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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This is the largest precinct of the temple complex , dedicated to Amun-Re ( a form of Amun ) , the chief deity . | [
"This is the largest of the precincts of the temple complex , and is dedicated to Amun-Re , the chief deity of the Theban Triad ."
] | [
"As the guard of one of the canopic jars and a protector , Serket gained a strong association with Aset ( Isis ) , Nebet Het ( Nephthys ) , and Neith who also performed similar functions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Karnak Temple Complexâ '' usually called Karnakâ '' comprises a vast group of ruined temples , chapels , pylons , and other buildings . The largest and most important are the Great Temple of Amun , and a massive structure begun by Pharaoh Ramses II ( ca . | [
"The Karnak Temple Complexâ '' usually called Karnakâ '' comprises a vast mix of ruined temples , chapels , pylons , and other buildings , notably the Great Temple of Amun and a massive structure begun by Pharaoh Ramses II ( ca ."
] | [
"His worship increased massively in the fifth dynasty , when he became a state deity and pharaohs had specially aligned pyramids , obelisks , and solar temples built in his honor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Ouve-Wirquin is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Ouve-Wirquin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Saint-Josse , or Saint-Josse-sur-Mer , is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
Bohemian Rhapsody is a song by English rock band Queen . | [
"`` Bohemian Rhapsody '' is a song by the British rock band Queen ."
] | [
"Virtual XI ( pronounced : Virtual Eleven ) is the 11th studio album by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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