query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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Ukko was an old man and he lived on the sky . He had a weapon - hammer or axe called Ukonvasara . | [
"Ukko 's weapon was a hammer called Ukonvasara ( Ukko 's Hammer ) , or an axe or a sword , by which he struck lightning ( see thunderbolt ) ."
] | [
"Kullervo sits down to eat , but the heirloom knife breaks on one of the stones in the bread ."
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In the book he criticized the company for neglecting his pleas for reinforcement . | [
"In the book he defended his actions in Taiwan and criticized the company for neglecting his pleas for reinforcement ."
] | [
"As the Secretary of the Army , West weighed in on the Aberdeen scandal , prompting stricter enforcement and investigation into the Army 's sexual harassment policies ."
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The surrender was complete on February 1 , and the Dutch East India Company left Taiwan on February 17 . | [
"The surrender was made complete on February 1 , and the remaining Dutch East India Company personnel left Taiwan on February 17 ."
] | [
"Its status as a state went into full effect two years later on January 1 , 1979 ."
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His fleet consisted of hundreds of ships of various sizes , with 25,000 men aboard . | [
"His fleet consisted of hundreds of junks and ships of various sizes , with roughly 25,000 soldiers and sailors aboard ."
] | [
"The award was for the Battle of Longarone and the capture of Mount Matajur and its Italian defenders , which totalled 150 officers , 9,000 men , and 81 artillery pieces ."
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Three days after the capture of Fort Provintia , Koxinga 's men surrounded Fort Zeelandia and demanded it 's surrender . Koxinga sent a Dutch priest Anthonius Hambroek to ask for this surrender . | [
"Three days after the capture of Fort Provintia , Koxinga 's troop surrounded Fort Zeelandia and demanded the garrison 's surrender by sending Dutch priest Anthonius Hambroek , who had been captured by Koxinga 's forces , as emissary to persuade the garrison to surrender ."
] | [
"In 1662 , at the age of 39 , Koxinga died of malaria , although speculations said that he died in a sudden fit of madness upon hearing that his father was executed by the Qing government in Beijing ."
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The second was Fort Provintia also located at the bay . | [
"The second was Fort Provintia , a walled administrative office located at the bay , which was smaller in size ."
] | [
"The camp was on the side of a hill near Mount Stuart , on the west side of the road to Charters Towers ."
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Frederick Coyett , the governor of Taiwan was at Fort Zeelandia with 1,800 men . Fort Provintia had 500 men . | [
"Frederick Coyett , the governor of Taiwan for the company , was stationed in Fort Zeelandia with 1,800 men ; his subordinate Valentyn was in charge of Fort Provintia and its garrison of 500 men ."
] | [
"On May 28 , news of the siege reached Jakarta , and the company decided to send a fleet of 10 ships and 700 sailors to relieve the fort ."
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This event was said to be `` a war that determined the fate of Taiwan in the four hundred years '' . | [
"Taiwanese scholar Lu Chien-jung described this event as `` a war that determined the fate of Taiwan in the four hundred years that follow '' ."
] | [
"The `` West '' had played an important part in American history ; the Old West is embedded in America 's folklore ."
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The battle was shown in the movie Zheng Chenggong 1661 , which ends with Koxinga 's victory over the Dutch . | [
"The battle was depicted in the movie Zheng Chenggong 1661 ( Traditional Chinese : é æ å 1661 ) , which ended in Koxinga 's victory over the Dutch ."
] | [
"In 1662 , at the age of 39 , Koxinga died of malaria , although speculations said that he died in a sudden fit of madness upon hearing that his father was executed by the Qing government in Beijing ."
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The first was Fort Zeelandia at the entrance to the bay at Tayoan which was the main Dutch settlement . | [
"The first was the multiple-walled Fort Zeelandia situated at the entrance to the bay ; this was the main fortification of the Dutch ."
] | [
"Government officials , who were looking for means to relocate the Dutch trading post , forced the Dutch to move from Hirado to Dejima ."
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Hambroek dis not do this and he was killed after returning to Koxinga 's camp . | [
"Hambroek , however , urged the garrison to resist instead of surrender , and was executed after returning to Koxinga 's camp ."
] | [
"He offered 5000 s of the Mau Plateau in what is today Kenya and Uganda ."
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The men laid siege to Fort Provintia and it surrendered on April 4 . | [
"The assault force immediately laid siege to Fort Provintia , catching Valentyn unprepared since the fort was supposedly protected by Fort Zeelandia ; facing overwhelming enemy forces , Valentyn surrendered the fort on April 4 ."
] | [
"Arnold arrived in Schuyler 's camp at Fort Edward , New York on July 24 ."
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The ships arrived on July 5 and had some small fights with Koxinga 's fleet . | [
"The fleet arrived on July 5 and had some small scale confrontations with Koxinga 's fleet upon its arrival ."
] | [
"During the battle , most of the Japanese officers were killed and the Japanese had to air-drop 300 officers by parachutes into the battlefield ."
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After a while , the Dutch ships had to retreat with two ships lost , three small vessels captured , and about a hundred casualties . | [
"After a brief engagement , the Dutch fleet was forced to retreat with two ships sunk , three smaller vessels captured , and 130 casualties ."
] | [
"At the time , the Holliswood was badly damaged , with her house destroyed and her rudder torn away ."
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With supplies dwindling and no sign of reinforcement , Coyett raised a white flag . | [
"With supplies dwindling and no sign of reinforcement , Coyett finally ordered the hoisting of the white flag and negotiated the surrender terms ."
] | [
"Burnham , who served as the lead scout of the Wilson patrol , sensed a trap and advised Wilson to withdraw , but Wilson ordered his patrol to advance . Soon afterwards , the patrol found the king and Wilson sent a message back to the laager requesting reinforcements ."
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Coyett was tried for surrendering and exiled to the Banda Islands . He was pardoned after help from his friends . | [
"He was pardoned and exiled to the most eastern of the Banda Islands ."
] | [
"Draycot was sent to be a prisoner of the fleet and died after being released in 1571 ."
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This victory , coupled with news of low morale among the garrison from deserted German mercenaries , convinced Koxinga to launched an assault in December . | [
"This victory , coupled with news of low morale among the garrison from deserted German mercenaries , convinced Koxinga to launched a final assault in December ."
] | [
"The attack failed and most of the Japanese troops died , the remaining few only surrendered when the Japanese high command ordered them to do so ."
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The Dutch tried to break the siege again in October , but were beaten back by Koxinga 's army . | [
"The Dutch attempted to break the siege again in October , but were beaten back by the besieging army ."
] | [
"Reinforcements led by William Phillips ( who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga ) arrived in late March , and Phillips led further raids across Virginia , including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg , until his death of fever on May 12 , 1781 ."
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The siege started in 1661 and ended in 1662 . It ended the Dutch East India Company 's rule over Taiwan . | [
"The Siege of Fort Zeelandia , which took place in 1661 and 1662 , ended the Dutch East India Company 's rule over Taiwan and began the Kingdom of Tungning 's rule over the island ."
] | [
"The defeat and capture of king Francis I of France during the battle ushered in a period of Spanish occupation which lasted until 1713 at the conclusion of the War of the Spanish Succession ."
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Koxinga 's fleet set sail from Kinmen on March 23 , 1661 . | [
"Koxinga and his fleet set sail from Kinmen on March 23 , 1661 ."
] | [
"The 3rd Tank Division began to attack Luoyang on May 13 and took it on May 25 ."
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After the loss of Tayoan , the Dutch East India Company tried to recapture it . They joined with the Qing Empire to battle Koxinga 's fleet , but failed . | [
"After the loss of the post at Tayoan , the Dutch East India Company made several attempts to recapture it , and even formed an alliance with the Qing Empire to battle Koxinga 's fleet ."
] | [
"The assault force immediately laid siege to Fort Provintia , catching Valentyn unprepared since the fort was supposedly protected by Fort Zeelandia ; facing overwhelming enemy forces , Valentyn surrendered the fort on April 4 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The fleet arrived at Tayoan on April 2 , and , after passing through a shallow waterway unknown to the Dutch , landed at Luermen . | [
"The fleet arrived at Tayoan on April 2 , and , after passing through a shallow waterway unknown to the Dutch , landed at Luermen ( Traditional Chinese : é è é -- ) in the bay ."
] | [
"They explored in the vicinity of Peninj near the lake , where Richard was in charge of the administrative details ."
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On May 28 , news of Koxinga 's attack reached Jakarta . The Dutch sent 10 ships and 700 sailors to help . | [
"On May 28 , news of the siege reached Jakarta , and the company decided to send a fleet of 10 ships and 700 sailors to relieve the fort ."
] | [
"Frederick Coyett , the governor of Taiwan for the company , was stationed in Fort Zeelandia with 1,800 men ; his subordinate Valentyn was in charge of Fort Provintia and its garrison of 500 men ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He was one of Disney 's Nine Old Men , and the last one living . | [
"He was one of Disney 's Nine Old Men , and the last surviving at the time of his death ."
] | [
"They were Milt Kahl , John Lounsbery , Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston , although Eric Larson was still working for Disney as a talent scout and trainer , Wolfgang Reitherman was by that point directing and producing films , and Marc Davis was helping to create Disney theme park attractions ."
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Oliver Martin Johnston , Jr. ( October 31 , 1912 â `` April 14 , 2008 ) was an American movie animator . | [
"Oliver Martin Johnston , Jr. ( October 31 , 1912 -- April 14 , 2008 ) was an American motion picture animator ."
] | [
"Raymond Walter Traylor , Jr. ( May 2 , 1963 â `` September 22 , 2004 ) was an American professional wrestler ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He also got the National Medal of Arts in 2005 . | [
"His work was recognized with the National Medal of Arts in 2005 ."
] | [
"He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1967 ."
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Albert Celades ( born 29 September , 1975 ) is a Spanish football player . | [
"Albert Celades LÃ pez ( born 29 September 1975 in Barcelona , Catalonia ) is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a defensive midfielder ."
] | [
"Martin Vilallonga ( born 7 October 1970 ) is a former Argentine footballer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Utsjoki is the only municipality in Finland , where most people speak Sami as their first language . | [
"Utsjoki has two official languages : Finnish and Northern Sami . It is the municipality in Finland with the largest portion of Sami speakers ; of the population ."
] | [
"There is no single Sami language , but a group of ten distinct Sami languages . Six of these languages have their own written standards ."
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It is part of the Lapland Province . | [
"It is located in Lapland and borders Norway as well as the municipality of Inari ."
] | [
"The original 40 a became part of the current Central Campus ."
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Catholic Bibles also add the Letter of Jeremiah to the Book of Baruch as a sixth chapter . | [
"In the Vulgate , the King James Bible , and many other versions , the Letter of Jeremiah is appended to the end of the Book of Baruch as a sixth chapter ."
] | [
"Book of Wisdom or Wisdom of Solomon or simply Wisdom is one of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Book of Baruch , sometimes called 1 Baruch , is a deuterocanonical or apocryphal book of the Bible . | [
"The Book of Baruch , occasionally referred to as 1 Baruch , is called a deuterocanonical book of the Bible ."
] | [
"The Peshitta excludes 2-3 John , 2 Peter , Jude , and Revelation , but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church include later translations of those books along with the Letter of Baruch ( sometimes included as part of 2 Baruch ) ."
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Even though it is not in the Hebrew Bible , it is in the Septuagint and in the Vulgate Bible , and also in Theodotion 's version of the Bible . | [
"Although not in the Hebrew Bible , it is found in the Septuagint and in the Vulgate Bible , and also in Theodotion 's version ."
] | [
"1 Esdras ( Greek ) , Greek Ezra , is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical book of Ezra in use among ancient Jewry , the early church , and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness ."
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Giotto di Bondone ( c. 1267 â `` January 8 1337 ) , usually known as Giotto , was an Italian painter and architect from Florence . | [
"Giotto di Bondone ( 1266\\/7 â `` January 8 , 1337 ) , better known simply as Giotto , was an Italian painter and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages ."
] | [
"Francesco Petrarca ( July 20 , 1304 â `` July 19 , 1374 ) , known in English as Petrarch , was an Italian scholar , poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists ."
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He is generally thought of as the first in a line of great artists of the Italian Renaissance . | [
"He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance ."
] | [
"He was a major figure in the early history of New York City ."
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Giotto 's greatest work is the decoration of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua , finished around 1305 . | [
"Around 1305 Giotto executed his most influential work , the painted decoration of the interior of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua ."
] | [
"In 1436 Dufay composed the festive motet Nuper rosarum flores , one of his most famous compositions , which was sung at the dedication of Brunelleschi 's dome of the cathedral in Florence , where Eugene lived in exile ."
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They were so lifelike that Cimabue asked Bondone if he could take the boy as an apprentice . | [
"They were so lifelike that Cimabue approached Bondone and asked if he could take the boy as an apprentice ."
] | [
"Vasari describes how Leonardo , troubled over his ability to adequately depict the faces of Christ and the traitor Judas , told the Duke that he might be obliged to use the prior as his model ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The famous sculptor and architect from Florence , Arnolfo di Cambio , was also working in Rome . | [
"The famous Florentine sculptor and architect , Arnolfo di Cambio , was then also working in Rome ."
] | [
"Sangallo and Fra Giocondo both died in 1515 , Bramante himself having died the previous year ."
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Giovanni Villani , who lived at the same time as Giotto , wrote that he was the king of painters , who drew all his figures as if they were alive . | [
"Giotto 's contemporary Giovanni Villani wrote that Giotto was `` the most sovereign master of painting in his time , who drew all his figures and their postures according to nature ."
] | [
"On 20 January 1494 , after heavy snowfalls , Lorenzo 's heir , Piero de Medici commissioned a snow statue , and Michelangelo again entered the court of the Medici ."
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The Scrovegni Chapel is often called the Arena Chapel because it is on the site of an Roman arena . | [
"The palace , now gone , and the chapel were on the site of a Roman arena , for which reason it is commonly known as the Arena Chapel ."
] | [
"In 1563 the garden was relocated from its original riverside location ( now the Medicean Arsenal ) to one near the convent of Santa Marta , and in 1591 again moved to its third and current location ."
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Vasari writes that when Cimabue was away from the workshop , Giotto painted a fly on the face of the painting that his master was working on . When Cimabue came back , he tried several times to brush the fly off . | [
"He writes that when Cimabue was absent from the workshop , his young apprentice painted such a lifelike fly on the face of the painting that Cimabue was working on , that he tried several times to brush it off ."
] | [
"The novelist Matteo Bandello observed Leonardo at work and wrote that some days he would paint from dawn till dusk without stopping to eat , and then not paint for three or four days at a time ."
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Giotto 's greatest work is the decoration of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua , finished around 1305 . The building is sometimes called the `` Arena Chapel '' because it is on the site of an Ancient Roman arena . | [
"Giotto 's masterwork is the decoration of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua , commonly called the Arena Chapel , completed around 1305 ."
] | [
"The `` Monumento dei quattro mori '' ( `` Monument of the Four Moors '' ) , dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de ' Medici of Tuscany , is one of the most important monuments of Livorno ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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These painters include Guariento , Giusto de ' Menabuoi , Jacopo Avanzi , and Altichiero . | [
"Numerous painters from northern Italy were influenced by Giotto 's work in Padua including Guariento , Giusto de ' Menabuoi , Jacopo Avanzi , and Altichiero ."
] | [
"This sport and its champions were described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Karl Philipp Moritz , Christian Joseph Jagemann , Richard Colt Hoare , Jacob Burckhardt , William Wetmore Story , Giacomo Leopardi , Edmondo de Amicis , Giuseppe Baretti , Antonio Francesco Grazzini , Ottavio Rinuccini , Gabriello Chiabrer... | SimpleWiki | {
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In his Lives of the Artists , Giorgio Vasari tells the story of how Giotto was a shepherd boy , a merry and intelligent child who was loved by all who knew him . | [
"In his Lives of the Artists , Giorgio Vasari relates that Giotto was a shepherd boy , a merry and intelligent child who was loved by all who knew him ."
] | [
"He writes that when Cimabue was absent from the workshop , his young apprentice painted such a lifelike fly on the face of the painting that Cimabue was working on , that he tried several times to brush it off ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This fresco series shows the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ . | [
"This fresco cycle depicts the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ ."
] | [
"To the right , the Conception , Crucifixion and Resurrection symbolize redemption , and this is duly impressed on Adam by John the Baptist ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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One day the great Florentine painter Cimabue passed by and saw him drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock . | [
"The great Florentine painter Cimabue discovered Giotto drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock ."
] | [
"Dante mentioned in his Divina Commedia the free town of Pistoia as the home town of Vanni Fucci , who is encountered in Inferno tangled up in a knot of snakes while cursing God , and Michelangelo called the Pistoiesi the `` enemies of heaven '' ."
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It is thought of as one of the greatest masterpieces of the Early Renaissance . | [
"It is regarded as one of the supreme masterpieces of the Early Renaissance ."
] | [
"He is regarded as one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema ."
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The Pope sent a messenger asking Giotto to send him back a small picture . Instead of doing a painting , which would take many days , Giotto drew , in red paint , a circle that was so perfect that it seemed as though it was drawn using a pair of compasses . | [
"Vasari also relates that when the Pope sent a messenger to Giotto , asking him to send a drawing to demonstrate his skill , Giotto drew , in red paint , a circle so perfect that it seemed as though it was drawn using a compass and instructed the messenger to give that to the Pope ."
] | [
"He writes that when Cimabue was absent from the workshop , his young apprentice painted such a lifelike fly on the face of the painting that Cimabue was working on , that he tried several times to brush it off ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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From Rome , Giotto 's teacher Cimabue went to Assisi to paint several large frescoes at the `` Upper Church '' of the newly-built Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi . | [
"From Rome , Cimabue went to Assisi to paint several large frescoes at the newly-built Basilica of St Francis of Assisi , and it is possible , but not certain , that Giotto went with him ."
] | [
"It was the birthplace of St. Francis , who founded the Franciscan religious order in the town in 1208 , and St. Clare ( Chiara d'Offreducci ) , the founder of the Poor Sisters , which later became the Order of Poor Clares after her death ."
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Around 1280 , Giotto and Cimabue went to Rome , where there were several fresco painters . The most famous painter in Rome was Pietro Cavallini . | [
"Cimabue may have been working in Rome in this period , and there was an active local school of fresco painters , of whom the most famous was Pietro Cavallini ."
] | [
"In the following months he carved a wooden crucifix ( 1493 ) , as a gift to the prior of the Florentine church of Santo Spirito , who had permitted him some studies of anatomy on the corpses of the church 's hospital ."
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On 5 May 2008he became member of the team for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals in Austria and Switzerland , where he only played in the last group match against Poland . | [
"On 5 May 2008 , he received his first call-up for the Croatian national team at senior level , being added to their 23-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals in Austria and Switzerland ."
] | [
"The first was in 1983 in a European Under-21 Championship qualifying match against Denmark , which England won 4 â `` 1 ."
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His youthteams were also Ä akovec and Varteks VaraÅ 3\/4 din . | [
"He went on to continue his youth career with Ä akovec and Varteks VaraÅ 3\\/4 din , eventually advancing to the first team at Varteks in the summer of 2004 ."
] | [
"He is currently managing FK Å 1\\/2 eljezniÄ ar ."
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His debut was on 24 May 2008 in a friendly match against Moldova in Rijeka , coming forbstitute for Niko KovaÄ in the 59th minute . | [
"He went on to make his international debut on 24 May 2008 in a friendly match against Moldova in Rijeka , coming on as a substitute for Niko KovaÄ in the 59th minute ."
] | [
"The stadium hosted a World Cup qualifier between Austria and Faroe Islands on 5 September 2009 which ended in 3 â `` 1 victory for the home team ."
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Nikola PokrivaÄ ( born 26 November 1985 in Ä akovec , Croatia ) is a Croatian footballer who plays as defensive midfielder for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga . | [
"Nikola PokrivaÄ ( born 26 November 1985 in Ä akovec ) is a Croatian footballer who plays as defensive midfielder for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Football Bundesliga ."
] | [
"Andreas Ulmer ( born October 30 , 1985 ) is an Austrian footballer who currently plays as a defender for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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PokrivaÄ started to play football with Bratstvo Jurovec , near his hometown . | [
"PokrivaÄ started to play football with amateur side Bratstvo Jurovec , near his hometown ."
] | [
"The name of a separate ancient part of MoÅ ovce , a former settlement Chornukov , has been preserved in the modern form of Ä erÅ akov ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Highland Heights is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Highland Heights is a city in Campbell County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Rolling Fields is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Fabras is a commune in the Ardà che dà partement in southern France . | [
"Fabras is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Mercuer is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The city has an area of about 42.7 km2 . New Delhi has a population of about 9.4 mio . | [
"With a total area of 42.7 km2 , New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area and is located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain because of which there is little difference in the city 's altitude ."
] | [
"Located in the east of the country , Biltine covered an area of 46,850 square kilometers and had a population of 184,807 in 1993 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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"neg": "Represent the description about statistics:"
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The city has an area of about 42.7 km2 . | [
"The total area of the city is 42.7 km2 ."
] | [
"It is the largest island in Canada and the fifth largest island in the world , with an area of 507451 k and has a population of 11,000 ( 2007 estimate ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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New Delhi is the capital city of the modern Republic of India . | [
"It serves as the center of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi . New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the fastest growing cities in the world ."
] | [
"Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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There is a list of newspapers publishing in Turkey . | [
"This is a list of newspapers in Turkey ."
] | [
"This category contains a list of people from Massachusetts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Meatballs can be cooked by frying , baking , or steaming them . | [
"Meatballs are usually prepared and rolled by hand , and are cooked by frying , baking , steaming , or braising in sauce ."
] | [
"Blackberries can be stewed or soaked in water prior to baking to prevent burning , a concern not present in preparing blueberry pie ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Masahiro Endo ( born 15 August 1970 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Masahiro Endo is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Takayuki Kuwata ( born June 26 , 1941 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
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Castling is a special move in chess that uses both a rook and the king . In castling , the king is moved two squares toward the rook , and the rook moves past the king to the square right next to where the king has moved . | [
"In chess problems , castling is assumed to be allowed if it appears possible , unless it can be proved by retrograde analysis that either the king or chosen rook has previously moved ."
] | [
"That enemy pawn , which would have been able to capture the moving pawn had it advanced only one square , is entitled to capture the moving pawn `` in passing '' as if it had advanced only one square ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Chess:",
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In castling , the king is moved two squares toward the rook , and the rook moves past the king to the square right next to where the king has moved . | [
"Castling consists of moving the king two squares towards a rook on the player 's first rank , then moving the rook onto the square over which the king crossed . Castling can only be done if the king has never moved , the rook involved has never moved , the squares between the king and the rook involved are not occ... | [
"It is also common to refer to a rook pawn , meaning any pawn on the a-file or h-file , a knight pawn ( on the b - or g-file ) , a bishop pawn ( on the c - or f-file ) , a queen pawn ( on the d-file ) , a king pawn ( on the e-file ) , and a central pawn ( on either the d - or e-file ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Chess:",
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Castling is a special move in chess that uses both a rook and the king . | [
"Castling is a special move in the game of chess involving the king and either of the original rooks of the same color ."
] | [
"For example , king and pawn endgames involve only kings and pawns on one or both sides and the task of the stronger side is to promote one of the pawns ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Chess:",
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Castling takes one move , and is the only way for a player to move two of his own pieces on the same move . Castling can be done on either side of the board . | [
"When a player takes three or four moves to accomplish what castling would have accomplished in one move , it is sometimes called artificial castling , or castling by hand ."
] | [
"That enemy pawn , which would have been able to capture the moving pawn had it advanced only one square , is entitled to capture the moving pawn `` in passing '' as if it had advanced only one square ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Chess:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Chess:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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Castling can be done on either side of the board . | [
"This was called `` free castling '' ."
] | [
"For example , if the black pawn has just advanced two squares from g7 to g5 , then the white pawn on f5 can take it via en passant on g6 ( but only on white 's next move ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Chess:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Chess:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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In castling , the king is moved two squares toward the rook , and the rook moves past the king to the square right next to where the king has moved . Castling takes one move , and is the only way for a player to move two of his own pieces on the same move . | [
"A player who performs a forbidden castling must return the king and the rook to their original places and then move the king , if there is another legal king move , including castling on the other side ."
] | [
"If there are two pieces of the same type that can move to the same square , one more letter or number is added to indicate the file or rank from which the piece moved , e.g. Ngf3 means `` knight from the g-file moves to the square f3 '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Chess:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Chess:",
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Cresciano is a municipality of the district Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland . | [
"Cresciano is a municipality in the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Muzzano is a municipality in the district of Lugano , in the canton of Ticino , Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Mortefontaine , Aisne is a commune . | [
"Mortefontaine is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Chà cents tillon-sur-Chalaronne is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:"
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However , some boomerangs do not return because their wings do not have the right profile . Most of the boomerangs are made for right-handed use , left-handed people have to use other boomerangs that are mirror-inverted or have to throw with their right hand . | [
"Modern returning boomerangs can be of various shapes or sizes as can be seen in the diagram of modern Boomerangs to the right of page ."
] | [
"Right-handed scissors place the thumb 's blade on the left side , while left-handed scissors have this on the right side ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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An abacus is a very old tool used for arithmetic . | [
"The use of the word abacus dates before 1387 AD , when a Middle English work borrowed the word from Latin to describe a sandboard abacus . The preferred plural of abacus is a subject of disagreement , with both abacuses and abaci in use ."
] | [
"Such calculators became known as `` slide rule '' calculators , since they could perform most , or all , of the functions of a slide rule ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
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Another major attraction is Stadtpfarrkirche , a church made in 1466 , which is a good example of German late-Gothic architecture . | [
"Another major attraction is Stadtpfarrkirche , a church built in 1466 , which is an excellent example of German late-Gothic architecture ."
] | [
"Surrounded by grassland , meadows and pastures , the town has preserved many of its elegant historic buildings until today and is recognized as one of the architecturally most intact gold towns in Victoria ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Bad TÃ lz is a town in Bavaria , Germany , and capital of the district of Bad TÃ lz-Wolfratshausen . | [
"Bad TÃ lz is a town in Bavaria , Germany , and administrative center of the district of Bad TÃ lz-Wolfratshausen ."
] | [
"It is bounded by ( from the west and clockwise ) the districts of Oberallgà u , Unterallgà u , Augsburg , Landsberg , Weilheim-Schongau and Garmisch-Partenkirchen , and by the Austrian state of Tyrol . The city of Kaufbeuren is enclosed by but does not belong to the district ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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In 1937 a SS-Junkerschule ( SS Officer Candidate School ) was made at Bad TÃ lz which operated until the end of World War II in 1945 . | [
"In 1937 SS-Junkerschule Bad TÃ lz was established near the town . The SS-Junkerschule ( SS Officer Candidate School ) operated until the end of World War II in 1945 ."
] | [
"Bruno Loerzer ( 22 January 1891 - 23 August 1960 ) was an officer in the German Luftstreitkrà fte during World War I and Luftwaffe during World War II ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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It has an area of 30.8 k | [
"It occupies 30.8 square kilometres ."
] | [
"BoŠkov has 58 inhabitants and 2,0825 km ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Geography:"
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Danestal is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Danestal is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
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In 2001 there were 5,350 people living in Carnforth . | [
"The parish of Carnforth had a population of 5,350 recorded in the 2001 census , and forms part of the City of Lancaster ."
] | [
"As of 2006 there are 59 members ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about statistics:",
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Cystitis is the infection of the urinary bladder . | [
"Cystitis is a term that refers to urinary bladder inflammation that results from any one of a number of distinct syndromes . It is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection in which case it is referred to as a urinary tract infection ."
] | [
"Endometrial cancer refers to several types of malignancies that arise from the endometrium , or lining , of the uterus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Medicine:"
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The academy helped painters of the School of Bologna to become famous . | [
"The academy helped propel painters of the School of Bologna to prominence ."
] | [
"He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Agostino Carracci ( sometimes also spelled Agostino Caracci , August 16 , 1557 â `` March 22 , 1602 ) was an Italian painter and printmaker . | [
"Agostino Carracci ( or Caracci ) ( 16 August 1557 â `` 22 March 1602 ) was an Italian painter and printmaker ."
] | [
"Johann Baptist Martinelli or Giovanni Battista Martinelli ( b. February 1701 , Vienna - d. June 21 , 1754 , Vienna ) was an Austrian architect and constructor of Italian descent ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Music:"
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He thought nature was an ideal . He founded a school that was competing with that of Caravaggio . | [
"He posited the ideal in nature , and was the founder of the competing school to the more gritty ( for lack of a better term ) view of nature as expressed by Caravaggio ."
] | [
"In this it directly allowed for the flow of human emotions , something denied by the moralist philosophy of Song Confucianism ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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His brother Annibale and cousin Lodovico Carracci were more famous than he was . | [
"He was the brother of the more famous Annibale and cousin of Lodovico Carracci ."
] | [
"He wrote that Giovanni Bellini was the oldest and still the best of the artists in Venice ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Foncquevillers is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Foncquevillers is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Geography:",
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The executive branch contains the head of government , who is the head of this branch . | [
"In a presidential system the leader of the executive branch is at once the head of state and head of government ."
] | [
"In the United States federal government , `` Secretary of State '' uniquely refers to the official responsible for foreign policy , the analog of the foreign secretary or foreign minister of a country that has one or the other ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Linas Kleiza ( born January 3 , 1985 in Kaunas , Lithuania ) is a Lithuanian basketball player who currently plays for the Toronto Raptors . | [
"Linas Kleiza ( pronounced ; born January 3 , 1985 ) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player with the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association ."
] | [
"Rodney Norvell Stuckey ( born April 21 , 1986 in Kent , Washington ) is an American professional basketball player for the Detroit Pistons of the NBA ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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He signed a four-year , $ 20 million dollar gross income offer sheet with the Toronto Rapors on July 7 , 2010 . | [
"On July 7 , 2010 , Kleiza terminated his contract with Olympiacos . He was signed by the Toronto Raptors to a four-year , $ 20 million dollar gross income offer sheet ."
] | [
"After the 2009 â `` 10 season Bergenheim left the Islanders and signed as a free agent to a one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Lightning on August 17 , 2010 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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He became a Cardinal in 1622 . He became King Louis XIII 's chief minister in 1624 . | [
"Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government , becoming a Cardinal in 1622 , and King Louis XIII 's chief minister in 1624 ."
] | [
"Henceforth , the King had less tolerance for the influence the duchesse de Luynes had over Anne , and the situation deteriorated after the death of Luynes ( December 1621 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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Richelieu was also famous for his patronage of the arts ; most notably , he founded the Acadà mie franà aise , the learned society responsible for matters of the French language . | [
"Richelieu was also famous for his patronage of the arts ; most notably , he founded the Acadà mie Franà aise , the learned society responsible for matters pertaining to the French language ."
] | [
"Bernard Frà nicle de Bessy ( c. 1605 â `` 1675 ) , was a French mathematician born in Paris , who wrote numerous mathematical papers , mainly in number theory and combinatorics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
He remained in office until his death in 1642 ; then Jules Cardinal Mazarin became chief minister . | [
"He remained in office until his death in 1642 ; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin , whose career he fostered ."
] | [
"The marriage by proxy took place on 15 August 1725 in the cathedral of Strasbourg , Louis XV being represented by his cousin the Duke of Orlà ans , Louis le Pieux ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Armand Jean du Plessis , better known as Cardinal Richelieu ( 9 September 1585 â `` 4 December 1642 ) was a French clergyman , noble , and statesman . | [
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu , Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu ( ; 9 September 1585 â `` 4 December 1642 ) was a French clergyman , noble , and statesman ."
] | [
"Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt ( April 2 , 1725 â `` June 4 , 1798 ) was a Venetian adventurer and author ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Philosophy:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Philosophy:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:"
} |
Richelieu is also known by the sobriquet l' Ã minence rouge ( `` the Red Eminence '' ) , from the red shade of a cardinal 's vestments and the style `` eminence '' as a cardinal . | [
"Richelieu is also known by the sobriquet l' Ã minence rouge ( `` the Red Eminence '' ) , from the red shade of a cardinal 's clerical dress and the style `` eminence '' as a cardinal ."
] | [
"These included a `` Lesser George '' ( thought to have been worn by Charles I at his execution , and now at Windsor Castle ) and a St Andrew 's Cross ( now at Edinburgh Castle ) ) , which are insignia of the orders of the Garter and the Thistle , and also a ruby ring ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King 's `` Chief Minister '' . | [
"The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King 's `` Chief Minister '' or `` First Minister . ''"
] | [
"Meher Baba nicknamed Pascal his `` Phoenix '' and alternately his `` Black Panther . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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} |
As a result , he is sometimes said to be the world 's first Prime Minister . | [
"As a result , he is considered to be the world 's first Prime Minister , in the modern sense of the term ."
] | [
"Some commentators consider these people , many of whom lost the opportunity to attend university , China 's `` lost generation . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
This in part allowed the colony to eventually develop into the heartland of French-speaking culture in North America . | [
"This in part allowed the colony to eventually develop into the heartland of Francophone culture in North America ."
] | [
"It is situated in a mountainous region and , as a result , has been isolated for most of its history from the rest of the country , making the local culture and language very different from those of neighbouring areas ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 . He later entered politics and became a Secretary of State in 1616 . | [
"Consecrated as a bishop in 1608 , he later entered politics , becoming a Secretary of State in 1616 ."
] | [
"John Bowring , polyglot and fourth governor of Hong Kong , was Member of Parliament for Kilmarnock in 1835 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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As an advocate for Samuel de Champlain and of the keeping of Quebec , he founded the Compagnie des Cent-Associ às and saw the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye return Quebec to French rule under de Champlain , after the settlement had been captured by the Kirkes in 1629 . | [
"As an advocate for Samuel de Champlain and of the retention of Quebec , he founded the Compagnie des Cent-Associ às and saw the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye return Quebec City to French rule under Champlain , after the settlement had been captured by the Kirkes in 1629 ."
] | [
"After the second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 â `` 1667 , England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands agreed in the Treaty of Breda to the status quo : The English kept the island of Manhattan , which the Duke of York ( the future James II , brother of Charles II ) , had occupied in 1664 , renaming the city on ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about History:"
} |
By restraining the power of the nobility , he transformed France into a strongly centralized state . | [
"By restraining the power of the nobility , he transformed France into a strong , centralized state ."
] | [
"This was a more liberal system than had existed in Prussia before 1848 , but was still a conservative system of government in which the monarch , the aristocracy , and the military retained most of the power ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
His chief foreign policy objective was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty ; although a Roman Catholic cardinal , he did not hesitate to make alliances with Protestant rulers . | [
"His chief foreign policy objective was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty , and to ensure French dominance in the Thirty Years ' War . Although he was a cardinal , he did not hesitate to make alliances with Protestant rulers in attempting to achieve this goal ."
] | [
"Overall , it reconciled a longstanding feud between King Charles VII of France and Duke Philip of Burgundy . Philip recognized Charles VII as king of France and , in return , Philip was exempted from homage to the crown and Charles agreed to punish the murderers of Philip 's father John of Burgundy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
He constructed many beautiful buildings in Turin , for instance the Palazzo Reale where he died . | [
"He constructed many beautiful buildings in Turin , for instance the Palazzo Reale ."
] | [
"The `` Monumento dei quattro mori '' ( `` Monument of the Four Moors '' ) , dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de ' Medici of Tuscany , is one of the most important monuments of Livorno ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:"
} |
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