query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Gladys â Millvinaâ Dean ( born February 2 , 1912 ) and died May 31 , 2009 was , at age 97 , the last living survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic that occurred April 15 , 1912 . | [
"Elizabeth Gladys Millvina Dean ( 2 February 1912 -- 31 May 2009 ) was the last remaining survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic , which occurred on 15 April 1912 ."
] | [
"Yone Minagawa ( 4 January 1893 â `` 13 August 2007 ) was a Japanese supercentenarian believed to have been the world 's oldest living person from 29 January 2007 until her death of old age , aged 114 years 221 days ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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She became the last living Titanic survivor when Barbara West died on October 16 , 2007 . | [
"In October 2007 , she became the last living Titanic survivor following the death of Barbara West Dainton , who died at the age of 96 in England ."
] | [
"Ruth died on June 14 , 2007 , at the age of 87 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Josà Marcelo Ferreira ( born 25 July 1973 ) is a former Brazilian football player . | [
"Josà Marcelo Ferreira , aka Zà Maria ( born July 25 , 1973 in Oeiras , Piauà ) , is a former professional Brazilian footballer and a current manager ."
] | [
"Adiel de Oliveira Amorim , or simply Adiel ( born 13 August 1980 ) , is a Brazilian midfielder ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
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See the discussion of reliable sources . | [
"But they are not the only reliable sources in such areas ."
] | [
"For more information , see the main article about albums ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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Together , these three policies determine the type and quality of material that is acceptable in the main namespace . | [
"These policies jointly determine the type and quality of material that is acceptable in articles ."
] | [
"It begins by establishing the definition of a national park :"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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Wikipedia : Verifiability is one of three of Wikipedia 's content-guiding policy pages . The other two are No original research and Neutral point of view . | [
"Verifiability is one of Wikipedia 's core content policies , along with No original research and Neutral point of view ."
] | [
"Wikipedia 's current policy is to include such content , provided it breaches neither any of our existing policies ( especially Neutral point of view ) nor the laws of the state of Florida in the United States , where Wikipedia is hosted ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It was written in 1990 , and won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1990 . | [
"It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1990 , and the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 1991 ."
] | [
"Cadigan has won a number of awards , including the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1992 and 1995 for her novels Synners and Fools ; She was a guest speaker at Microcon 28 in 2008 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Tehanu was the fourth of Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea books . | [
"Tehanu is the fourth of Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea books ."
] | [
"Rocannon 's World is Ursula K. Le Guin 's first novel ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Levy Patrick Mwanawasa ( September 3 , 1948 â `` August 19 , 2008 ) was a Zambian politician . He was the President of Zambia from January 2002 to his death . | [
"Levy Patrick Mwanawasa ( September 3 , 1948 â `` August 19 , 2008 ) was the third President of Zambia ."
] | [
"Alfred Edward Morgans ( 17 February 1850 â `` 10 August 1933 ) was Premier of Western Australia for just 32 days , from 21 November to 23 December 1901 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:"
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With the addition of X11 , this version starts the change from a Text-Only System . | [
"With the addition of X11 , this version marks the transition away from a text-only system ."
] | [
"It based its Windows compatibility on the Wine API ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This was famously disapproved by Tanenbaum in the Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate . | [
"This was famously disapproved of by Tanenbaum in the Tanenbaumâ `` Torvalds debate ."
] | [
"These new words are first published in `` HolQeD '' , and then at the KLI 's website ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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( Tanenbaum explained again his rationale for using a microkernel in May 2006 . ) | [
"Tanenbaum explained again his rationale for using a microkernel in May 2006 ."
] | [
"( This `` soft lock '' has been proposed as a built-in software feature in bug 1510 , and is already a feature of other wiki software . )"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Its licensing fee was very small ( $ 69 ) compared to the ones of other operating systems . | [
"Its licensing fee was very small ( $ 69 ) compared to those of other operating systems ."
] | [
"CNR also included a set of Click and Buy ( CNB ) software , which included many commercial applications to members at a discounted rate ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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MINIX is a Unix-like computer operating system based on a microkernel architecture . Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote the operating system so it could be used for educational purposes ; MINIX also helped Linus Torvalds design the Linux kernel . | [
"MINIX is a Unix-like computer operating system based on a microkernel architecture created by Andrew S. Tanenbaum for educational purposes ; MINIX also inspired the creation of the Linux kernel ."
] | [
"The latest alpha release of the GNU system is GNU 0.2 , released in 2004 , featuring GNU Hurd as the system 's kernel . Other ( non-GNU ) kernels can also presently be used with GNU ; the FSF maintains that Linux , when used with GNU tools and utilities , should be considered a variant of GNU , and promotes the te... | SimpleWiki | {
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Although Tanenbaum wished for MINIX to be as easily available to students , his publisher would not allow it . | [
"Although Tanenbaum wished for MINIX to be as accessible as possible to students , his publisher was not prepared to offer material ( such as the source code ) that could be copied freely , so a restrictive license requiring a nominal fee ( included in the price of Tanenbaum 's book ) was applied as a compromise . ... | [
"Code licensed under the GNU GPL can be used in other projects , so long as they also are released under the same or a compatible license . In order to make the Linux available for commercial use , Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license ( which prohibited commercial redistribution ) to the GNU GPL ."... | SimpleWiki | {
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The design principles Tanenbaum applied to MINIX had influenced the design decisions Linus Torvalds applied in the creation of the Linux kernel . | [
"The design principles Tanenbaum applied to MINIX greatly influenced the design decisions Linus Torvalds applied in the creation of the Linux kernel ."
] | [
"The primary difference between Linux and many other popular contemporary operating systems is that the Linux kernel and other components are free and open source software ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It contains X11 , emacs , vi , cc , gcc , perl , python , ash , bash , zsh , ftp , ssh , telnet , pine , and over 400 other common UNIX programs . | [
"It contains X11 , emacs , vi , cc , gcc , perl , python , ash , bash , zsh , ftp , ssh , telnet , pine , and over 400 other common Unix utility programs ."
] | [
"Typically daemons have names that end with the letter `` d '' : for example , syslogd , the daemon that handles the system log , or sshd , which handles incoming SSH connections ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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Released under the BSD license , MINIX is free and open source . | [
"MINIX ( from `` mini-Unix '' ) was first released in 1987 , with its complete source code made available to universities for study in courses and research . It has been free and open source software since it was re-licensed under the BSD license in April 2000 ."
] | [
"It was first implemented in the GNU Emacs General Public License , and in 1989 the first program-independent GNU General Public License ( GPL ) was released ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Torvalds used and appreciated MINIX , but his design was different from the MINIX architecture in significant ways , most notably by employing a monolithic kernel instead of a microkernel . | [
"Torvalds used and appreciated MINIX , but his design deviated from the MINIX architecture in significant ways , most notably by employing a monolithic kernel instead of a microkernel ."
] | [
"The latest alpha release of the GNU system is GNU 0.2 , released in 2004 , featuring GNU Hurd as the system 's kernel . Other ( non-GNU ) kernels can also presently be used with GNU ; the FSF maintains that Linux , when used with GNU tools and utilities , should be considered a variant of GNU , and promotes the te... | SimpleWiki | {
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In May 2004 Kenneth Brown of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution raised the accusation that major parts of the Linux kernel had been copied from MINIX , in a book called Samizdat . | [
"In May 2004 , Kenneth Brown of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution made the accusation that major parts of the Linux kernel had been copied from the MINIX codebase , in a book called Samizdat ."
] | [
"These accusations were rebutted universallyâ '' most prominently by Andrew Tanenbaum himself , who strongly criticised Kenneth Brown and published a long rebuttal on his own personal website ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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These accusations were refused by almost everyone - in particular by Andrew Tanenbaum , who strongly felt that Kenneth Brown was very wrong and published a long rebuttal on his own personal website . | [
"These accusations were rebutted universallyâ '' most prominently by Andrew Tanenbaum himself , who strongly criticised Kenneth Brown and published a long rebuttal on his own personal website ."
] | [
"In other words , that precise analysis must have been published by a reliable source in relation to the topic before it can be published on Wikipedia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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When free\/open source Unix-like operating systems such as Linux became available in the early 1990s , many volunteer software developers stopped using MINIX for Linux . | [
"When free and open source Unix-like operating systems such as Linux and 386BSD became available in the early 1990s many volunteer software developers abandoned MINIX in favor of these ."
] | [
"BeatrIX was a GNU\\/Linux operating system , in development up to 2005 . A live CD based Linux distribution started by Steven Watsky , it was designed to look very simple , in order to be as accessible as possible to new users ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Andrew S. Tanenbaum created MINIX at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam . | [
"Andrew S. Tanenbaum created MINIX at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam to exemplify the principles conveyed in his textbook , Operating Systems : Design and Implementation ( 1987 ) ."
] | [
"Inspired by an interview with Stephen Wolfram , Rucker became a computer science professor at San Josà State University in 1986 , from which he retired in 2004 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In April 2000 , MINIX became free\/open source software under a permissive free software licence , but by this time other operating systems were much better , and it was mostly used as an operating system for students and hobbyists . | [
"In April 2000 , MINIX became free\\/open source software under a permissive free software licence , but by this time other operating systems had surpassed its capabilities , and it remained primarily an operating system for students and hobbyists ."
] | [
"Ballmer used the notion of `` viral '' licensing terms to express his concern over the fact that the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) employed by such software requires that all derivative software be under the GPL or a compatible license ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bidatsu is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) which is associated with the burial mound . | [
"The actual site of Bidatsu 's grave is known . This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Osaka ."
] | [
"While Amaterasu is enshrined at the Honden Shrine or `` Grand Shrine '' , which is at the entrance to the Ise Shrine , Susano ` o is enshrined at Kumano Taisha located in Shimane ( formerly the Izumo region ) , where he descended when banished from heaven ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bidatsu suffered from an unknown disease which afflicted him with sores . Probably , he was the first royal victim of smallpox in Japan . | [
"The emperor died from a disease which afflicted him with sores , apparently the first royal victim of smallpox in Japan ."
] | [
"A few months later , they both became ill , possibly with the sweating sickness which was sweeping the area ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He was the second son of Emperor Kimmei by his consort Iwahime , who was a daughter of Emperor Senka . | [
"He was the second son of Emperor Kimmei by his consort Iwahime , a daughter of Emperor Senka ."
] | [
"`` Princess of Peace '' , personal name unknown ) ( died 2 August 713 ) was a princess of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and her mother Wu Zetian 's Zhou Dynasty . She was the youngest daughter of Wu Zetian and Emperor Gaozong and was powerful during the reigns of her mother and her elder brothers Emperor Zhongz... | SimpleWiki | {
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They originally operated in the Southern Region of British Railways , though following privatisation in 1997 they have been distributed much farther afield . | [
"They originally operated in the Southern Region of British Railways , though following privatisation in 1997 they have been distributed much further afield ."
] | [
"Go-Ahead London is the trading name used collectively for the London bus operations of the Go-Ahead Group . The name first appeared in August 2008 , before which the company had traded under separate names and brands ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The British Rail Class 09 is a class of 0-6-0 diesel locomotive designed primarily for shunting but also short distance freight trips along branch lines . | [
"The British Rail Class 09 is a class of 0-6-0 diesel locomotive designed primarily for shunting and also short distance freight trips along branch lines ."
] | [
"Multiple working is a term used on the UK rail network to describe the practice of having more than one diesel or electric locomotive hauling a train under the control of one driver ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For this reason , though similar to the existing Class 08 shunting locomotives , Class 09s were re-geared to give a maximum top speed of 27.5 mph ( 44 km\/h ) at the expense of a lower tractive effort . | [
"Though similar to the existing Class 08 shunting locomotives , Class 09 were re-geared to give a maximum top speed of 27.5 mph ( 44 km\\/h ) at the expense of a lower tractive effort ."
] | [
"Karts vary widely in speed and some ( known as Superkarts ) can reach speeds exceeding 160 m , while go-karts intended for the general public in amusement parks may be limited to speeds of no more than 15 m. A KF1 kart , with a 125 cc 2-stroke engine and an overall weight including the driver of 150 kilograms has ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Yutaka Ikeuchi ( born 25 August 1961 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Yutaka Ikeuchi ( born August 25 , 1961 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Kim Do-Keun ( born 2 March 1972 ) is a South Korean football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Averton is a commune of 601 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Averton is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Chavagnes-les-Redoux is a commune of the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pedobear has also been featured as iStockphoto wallpaper and was in the background of a cover of the auto magazine Import Tuner . | [
"Other uses of Pedobear include an iStockphoto wallpaper , a cover of the auto magazine Import Tuner , and a flyer of a costume store in Portland , Oregon which accidentally featured a Pedobear-like figure , being later covered by a local news station , which provided a detailed history of Pedobear , and even inter... | [
"The title was used as a catchphrase in the TV show ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Pedobear first appeared on 2channel , a popular bulletin board system in Japan and was originally called KumÄ ( interjection of Kuma which means bear in Japanese ) or Safety Bear . | [
"The bear character originates from the popular bulletin board system ( BBS ) website 2channel in Japan , where it was introduced as ã ã ã 1\\/4 ( KumÄ ) , which is an interjection of the word ã ã 3\\/4 ( Kuma ) meaning bear in Japanese . In spite of the impression of Pedobear in Europe and the United States , KumÄ... | [
"His name literally means Peach TarÅ ; as TarÅ is a common Japanese boy 's name , it is often translated as Peach Boy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On July 3 , 2009 , Michael R. Barrick , a Canadian artist had created two pictures showing Pedobear together with the mascots of 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games . | [
"On 3 July 2009 , Canadian artist Michael R. Barrick created two composite images depicting Pedobear grouped together with the mascots of 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games ."
] | [
"In 1980 and 1984 , the Cold War opponents boycotted each other 's Games ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Gazeta OlsztyÅ ska , a Polish newspaper mistakenly used one of the pictures for a February 4 , 2010 front page story about the Olympics in Vancouver . | [
"This image was then mistakenly used by other media , most notably the Polish newspaper Gazeta OlsztyÅ ska for a 4 February 2010 front page story about the Olympics in Vancouver ."
] | [
"He appeared on the 29 March 2007 cover of the German Vanity Fair magazine , which included a several page spread about the cub 's life ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pedobear is usually posted as a way to mock users requesting or posting sexualized images of children on 4chan . | [
"Pedobear is a popular joke on the website 4chan , which adopted the character primarily as a way to get users to start posting child pornography or sexualized images of children ."
] | [
"Pages which are normally appropriate for children to use may be vandalized with rude words or content which may be offensive ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The radius is one of the two bones which make up the lower forearm in tetrapods . The other one is the ulna . | [
"The radius is one of the two large bones of the forearm , the other being the ulna ."
] | [
"In anatomy , the scapula , omo ( Medical Latin ) , or shoulder blade , is the bone that connects the humerus ( upper arm bone ) with the clavicle ( collar bone ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendà e department in the west of France . | [
"Saint-Sulpice-le-Verdon is a commune in the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | [
"Chà cents teau-d ` Olonne is a commune of the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Written in India , Lennon said that the song was inspired by a newspaper story about a miser who hid his cash wherever he could so he can stop people from making him spend it . | [
"The song was written in India ; Lennon said that it was inspired by a newspaper story about a miser who concealed his cash wherever he could in order to prevent people from forcing him to spend it ."
] | [
"Montgomery found her inspiration for the book on an old piece of paper that she had written at a young age , describing a couple that were mistakenly sent an orphan girl instead of a boy , yet decided to keep her ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Lennon changed it to Pam when he saw the ochance to ease the segue into the song `` Polythene Pam '' , which is after `` Mean Mr. Mustard '' on the album . | [
"Lennon changed it to Pam when he saw the opportunity to ease the segue into the song `` Polythene Pam '' , which follows `` Mean Mr. Mustard '' on the album ."
] | [
"In the Let It Be film , McCartney and Lennon sing the song `` rocker '' style into the same mike ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On reflection , he did n't think highly of the composition , describing it in Anthology as `` a bit of crap I wrote in India . '' | [
"On reflection , he did not think highly of the composition , describing it in Anthology as `` a bit of crap I wrote in India . ''"
] | [
"McCartney had never been satisfied with this style , which he described as `` chunky . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Albligen ( also known in French as Albenon ) is a municipality of the district Schwarzenburg in the canton of Bern in Switzerland . | [
"Albligen ( former French name : Albenon ) is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Schnottwil is a municipality in the district of Bucheggberg , in the canton of Solothurn , Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Kazuma Kita ( born 21 December 1981 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Thespa Kusatsu . | [
"Kazuma Kita is a Japanese football player who plays for Thespa Kusatsu ."
] | [
"Yuji Hironaga ( born 25 July 1975 ) is a retired Japanese football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Kara receives a large amount of fresh water from the Ob , Yenisei , Pyasina , and Taimyra rivers , so its salinity is very variable . | [
"The Kara receives a large amount of freshwater from the Ob , Yenisei , Pyasina , and Taimyra rivers , so its salinity is variable ."
] | [
"The climate is hot in summer , mild in winter and dry , although rainstorms in catchment areas occasionally cause flooding of the Namoi River ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is roughly 1,450 kilometres long and 970 kilometres wide . It has an area of around 880,000 km and a average depth of 110 m. | [
"The Kara Sea is roughly 1,450 kilometres long and 970 kilometres wide with an area of around 880,000 km and a mean depth of 110 m."
] | [
"It is the third-largest subdivision of China spanning about 1,200,000 km ( 463,000 sq mi ) or 12 % of China 's total land area ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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There is concern about the levels of nuclear waste the former Soviet Union dumped in the sea which included six nuclear submarine reactors and ten nuclear reactors , and the effect this will have on the marine environment . | [
"There is concern about radioactive contamination from nuclear waste the former Soviet Union dumped in the sea and the effect this will have on the marine environment . According to an official `` White Paper '' report compiled and released by the Russian government in March 1993 , the Soviet Union dumped six nucle... | [
"Muller frequently warned of the long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear war and nuclear testing , helping to raise public awareness in this area ."
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The Kara Sea is separated from the Barents Sea to the west by the Kara Strait and Novaya Zemlya , and the Laptev Sea to the east by the Severnaya Zemlya . | [
"It is separated from the Barents Sea to the west by the Kara Strait and Novaya Zemlya , and the Laptev Sea to the east by the Severnaya Zemlya ."
] | [
"The Diomede Islands are located in the middle of the Bering Strait between mainland Alaska and Siberia , with the Chukchi Sea to the north and the Bering Sea to the south ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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An International Atomic Energy Agency appraisal showed that releases are low and localized . | [
"A subsequent appraisal by the International Atomic Energy Agency showed that releases are low and localized from the 16 naval reactors ( reported by the IAEA as having come from seven submarines and the icebreaker `` Lenin '' ) which were dumped at five sites in the Kara Sea ."
] | [
"Measurements taken by the Japanese science ministry and education ministry in areas of northern Japan 30 â `` 50 km from the plant showed radioactive caesium levels high enough to cause concern ."
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The Kara Sea ( Russian : Ð Ð Ì Ñ Ñ Ð Ð 3\/4 Ð Ð 1\/4 Ð 3\/4 Ì Ñ Ð ) is part of the Arctic Ocean . It lies north of Siberia . | [
"The Kara Sea ( Russian : Ð Ð Ì Ñ Ñ Ð Ð 3\\/4 Ð Ð 1\\/4 Ð 3\\/4 Ì Ñ Ð ) is part of the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia ."
] | [
"The Alexander Palace ( Russian : Ð Ð '' Ð Ð Ñ Ð Ð 1\\/2 Ð Ñ Ð 3\\/4 Ð Ñ Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3\\/4 Ñ Ð Ñ ) is former royal residence in Tsarskoye Selo , near St Petersburg ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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TIFF has not had a major update since 1992 , though several Aldus\/Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format , and several specifications , including TIFF\/EP , have been based on the TIFF 6.0 specification . | [
"TIFF has not had a major update since 1992 , though several Aldus\\/Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format , and several specifications , including TIFF\\/EP ( ISO 12234-2 ) , TIFF\\/IT ( ISO 12639 ) , TIFF-F ( RFC 2306 ) and TIFF-FX ( RFC 3949 ) have been based on the TIFF 6... | [
"It is an application of the RIFF bitstream format method for storing data in `` chunks '' , and thus is also close to the 8SVX and the AIFF format used on Amiga and Macintosh computers , respectively ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Adobe Systems , which acquired Aldus , now holds the copyright to the TIFF specification . TIFF has not had a major update since 1992 , though several Aldus\/Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format , and several specifications , including TIFF\/EP , have been based on the TIFF 6.0 specification . | [
"Adobe holds the copyright on the TIFF specification ( aka TIFF 6.0 ) along with the two supplements that have been published ."
] | [
"It is an application of the RIFF bitstream format method for storing data in `` chunks '' , and thus is also close to the 8SVX and the AIFF format used on Amiga and Macintosh computers , respectively ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Tagged Image File Format ( also known as TIFF ) is a container format for storing images , including photographs and line art . | [
"Tagged Image File Format ( abbreviated TIFF ) is a file format for storing images , popular among Apple Macintosh owners , graphic artists , the publishing industry , and both amateur and professional photographers in general ."
] | [
"DjVu has been promoted as an alternative to PDF , promising smaller files than PDF for most scanned documents ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Originally created by the company Aldus for use with what was then called `` desktop publishing , '' TIFF is a popular format for color and black and white images . The TIFF format is widely supported by image-manipulation applications , by publishing and page layout applications , by scanning , faxing , word processing , optical character recognition and other applications . | [
"Originally created by the company Aldus for use with what was then called `` desktop publishing '' , the TIFF format is widely supported by image-manipulation applications , by publishing and page layout applications , by scanning , faxing , word processing , optical character recognition and other applications ."... | [
"In-home photographic slides and slide projectors have largely been replaced by low cost paper prints , digital cameras , DVD media , video display monitors and video projectors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Technology:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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It is now under the control of Adobe . | [
"As of 2009 , it is under the control of Adobe Systems ."
] | [
"For more information , see the main article about albums ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Noraduz cemetery is a medieval cemetery with many ancient khachkars in the village of Noraduz , Gegharkunik marz near Gavar and Lake Sevan , 90 km north of Yerevan . | [
"Noraduz cemetery is a medieval cemetery with a large number of early khachkars located in the village of Noratus , Gegharkunik marz near Gavar and Lake Sevan , 90 km north of Yerevan ."
] | [
"He was born Hovhannes ( Onik ) Karapetyan in the city of Alexandropol , then part of the Russian Empire ( now Gyumri , Armenia ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The oldest khachkars in the cemetery go back to the late 10th century . | [
"The oldest khachkars in the cemetery date back to the late 10th century ."
] | [
"The current cathedral dates from the 12th and 13th centuries ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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A popular folktale involving the cemetery concerns the invading army of Tamerlane . | [
"A popular folktale associated with the cemetery concerns the invading army of Tamerlane ."
] | [
"There , they were mistaken for merchants by a royal official ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Michigan Territory was a territory of the United States in the early 19th century , between June 30 , 1805 and January 26 , 1837 , when it became Michigan , the 26th state of the Union . | [
"The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30 , 1805 , until January 26 , 1837 , when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan ."
] | [
"Baldwin County was established on December 21 , 1809 ten years before Alabama became a state ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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In 1800 , the whole of the Northwest Territory had 43,365 people living in it . | [
"In 1800 , the whole of the Northwest Territory had 43,365 residents ."
] | [
"As indicated in the 1820 census records , Shelby County contained 2,492 people ; 2,044 whites and 448 Africans ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Detroit was the territory 's capital . | [
"Detroit was the territorial capital ."
] | [
"It is the county seat ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Under the Northwest Ordinance , a territory could apply to become a state once it had 60,000 people living in it . | [
"Under the Northwest Ordinance , a territory could apply for statehood once it had surpassed 60,000 inhabitants ."
] | [
"The present Constitution of the State of Kansas was originally known as the Wyandotte Constitution to distinguish it from three proposed constitutions that preceded it . The Wyandotte Constitution was drawn up at Wyandotte ( now part of Kansas City ) in July 1859 , and was the fourth constitution voted on by the p... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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The founding of IG Farben was a reaction to Germany 's defeat in World War I. IG Farben held a near total monopoly on chemical production , later during the Nazi regime , including manufacturing Zyklon B. | [
"The company was formed in 1925 from a number of major companies that had been working together closely since World War I. During its heyday IG Farben was the fourth-largest company in the world , after General Motors , U.S. Steel and Standard Oil . During the planning of the invasion of Czechoslovakia and Poland ,... | [
"This unit produced three to four films per year until 1936 , migrating to Hungary and then Austria in the face of Hitler 's increasing domination of central Europe ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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If you called the number featured in the song `` Amy 's in the Attic '' at 6:06 into the song , it would tell you the name of the next Joker 's Card , Riddle Box . | [
"The final track on the album contains a number you could call to find out the name of the next Joker 's Card , Riddle Box ."
] | [
"Then the host would give the panel a clue , for example , `` the secret concerns something that happened to ( Contestant 's Name ) . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The Terror Wheel is the second EP by the American Horrorcore band , Insane Clown Posse . It was released on August 5 , 1994 . | [
"The Terror Wheel is the second EP by American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse , released on August 5 , 1994 by Psychopathic Records ."
] | [
"A History of Violence is the sixth album by Philadelphia hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks , released on November 11 , 2008 on Babygrande Records ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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The orchestra 's music director is Christoph Eschenbach and most of its concerts are performed at the Salle Pleyel . | [
"The orchestra performs most of its concerts at the Salle Pleyel ."
] | [
"Gergiev is also associated with numerous music festivals , including the White Nights festival in Saint Petersburg ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Arts and Entertainment:"
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The Orchestre de Paris is a French orchestra based in Paris which was started in 1967 . | [
"The Orchestre de Paris is a French orchestra based in Paris ."
] | [
"Frederick Stock founded the Civic Orchestra of Chicago , the first ( and only remaining ) training orchestra in the United States affiliated with a major symphony orchestra , in 1919 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Anthology peaked at 4 on the Canadian Album Chart 29 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified two times platinum in Canada and gold in the UK . | [
"Anthology peaked at number 4 on the Canadian Album Chart and number 29 on the UK Albums Chart ."
] | [
"It was released as Billie 's first single on 29 June 1998 and reached the top ten in Ireland and Sweden ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Her albums are Unwritten ( which contains the hit single of the same name ) , N.B. ( the U.S. title is Pocketful of Sunshine ) and Strip Me ( released in 2010 ) . | [
"N.B. was not released in North America , but six tracks from it were included with seven new ones and released in 2008 as Pocketful of Sunshine , with the singles `` Love Like This '' and `` Pocketful of Sunshine '' earning success on the charts . In December 2010 , Bedingfield released her third album in North Am... | [
"Top 20 albums include Gossip , Under the Sun , Comedy , Songs from the South ( 1997 compilation , his best charting album ) , ... Nothing but a Dream and Stolen Apples ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Damvant is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland . | [
"Damvant is a village and former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Coeuve is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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It is found in Cameroon , Central African Republic , Ghana , Liberia , Nigeria , Sierra Leone and sometimes in Gabon . | [
"It is found in Cameroon , Central African Republic , Ghana , Liberia , Nigeria , Sierra Leone , and possibly Gabon ."
] | [
"Dependent on subspecies Boa constrictor can be found from northern Mexico through Central America ( Belize , Guatemala , Honduras , El Salvador , Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama ) to South America north of 35 Â S ( Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana , ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
It is part of the Little Rockâ `` North Little Rockâ `` Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area . | [
"It is part of the Little Rock -- North Little Rock -- Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area ."
] | [
"Belvidere is part of the Rockford , Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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BotoÅ ana is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania . | [
"BotoÅ ana is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | [
"Voitinel is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
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Daniel Michael `` Danny '' DeVito , Jr. ( born November 17 , 1944 ) is an American actor , comedian , director , and producer . | [
"Daniel Michael `` Danny '' DeVito , Jr. ( born November 17 , 1944 ) is an Italian American actor , comedian , director , and producer ."
] | [
"Matthew Raymond `` Matt '' Dillon ( born February 18 , 1964 ) is an American actor and film director ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Creekside is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Creekside is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Pleasant Grove is a city of Jefferson County , Alabama ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Cacica is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania . | [
"Cacica is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | [
"Slatina is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Football League One is a football league which is third division in England . | [
"Football League One ( often referred to as League One for short or Npower League 1 for sponsorship reasons ) is the second-highest division of The Football League and third-highest division overall in the English football league system ."
] | [
"The J. League Division 2 or J2 League is the second division of Japan Professional Football League and is the second-tier professional association football league in Japan . Currently , J. League Division 2 is the second level of the Japanese association football league system ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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Football League One is a football league which is third division in England . It is the new name of the English Second Division . | [
"It was previously known as the Football League Second Division and prior to the advent of the Premier League , the Football League Third Division ."
] | [
"The J. League Division 2 or J2 League is the second division of Japan Professional Football League and is the second-tier professional association football league in Japan . Currently , J. League Division 2 is the second level of the Japanese association football league system ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Philosophical skepticism ( Greek Ï Î Î Ï Î Ï - skepsis meaning `` enquiry '' ) is a school of philosophical thought that began in Ancient Greece and a method that crosses many different cultures . | [
"Philosophical skepticism ( from Greek Ï Î Î Ï Î Ï - skepsis meaning `` enquiry '' - UK spelling , scepticism ) is both a philosophical school of thought and a method that crosses disciplines and cultures ."
] | [
"In addition to these central problems of science as a whole , many philosophers of science also consider problems that apply to particular sciences ( e.g. philosophy of biology or philosophy of physics ) . Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy .... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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This skepticism can be either disbelief in philosophical solutions , agnosticism , or even rejecting the reality of the outside world . | [
"This skepticism can range from disbelief in contemporary philosophical solutions , to agnosticism , to rejecting the reality of the external world ."
] | [
"Cope 's beliefs later evolved to one with an increased emphasis on continual and utilitarian evolution with less involvement of a Creator ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In Islamic philosophy , philosophical skepticism was started by Al-Ghazali , known in the West as `` Algazel '' , as a part of the orthodox Ash ` ari school of Islamic theology . | [
"In Islamic philosophy , skepticism was established by Al-Ghazali ( 1058 â `` 1111 ) , known in the West as `` Algazel '' , as part of the orthodox Ash ` ari school of Islamic theology ."
] | [
"The Hanafi ( Arabic Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù ) school is one of the four Madhhab ( schools of law ) in jurisprudence ( Fiqh ) within Sunni Islam , the other three schools of thought being Shafi ` i , Maliki , and Hanbali ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Many skeptics examine the meaning systems of their times , and this can often result in a position of doubt . | [
"Many skeptics critically examine the meaning systems of their times , and this examination often results in a position of ambiguity or doubt ."
] | [
"However , it has come over time to have a much more significant meaning to the player and fans ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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One kind of scientific skepticism talks about looking into claims that lack evidence that can be seen . | [
"One kind of scientific skepticism refers to the critical analysis of claims lacking empirical evidence ."
] | [
"This is not the same as using scientific findings and the scientific method to investigate differences among the humans and argue that there are races ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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She was the country 's second female president , after Corazà n Aquino , who was the first . She is also the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal . | [
"She was the country 's second female president ( after Corazà n Aquino ) , and the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal ."
] | [
"Benigno Simeon `` Noynoy '' Cojuangco Aquino III was born on February 8 , 1960 in Manila . He is the third of the five children of Benigno Aquino , Jr. , who was then the Vice Governor of Tarlac province , and Corazon Aquino ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Philippine politics:"
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Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ( born April 5 , 1947 ) is a Filipino politician who was the President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010 and the Vice-President from 1998 to 2001 . She is currently a member of the House of Representatives . | [
"Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ( born April 5 , 1947 ) is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010 , as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 , and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampang... | [
"Hazel Reid O'Leary ( born May 17 , 1937 ) was the seventh United States Secretary of Energy , from 1993 to 1997 , appointed by President Bill Clinton ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Philippine politics:",
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Saint-Caprais-de-Blaye is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Saint-Caprais-de-Blaye is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Hourtin is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
They are best known worldwide for their 1992 top 20 single Connected . | [
"They are best known worldwide for their 1992 transatlantic Top 20 hit single , `` Connected '' ."
] | [
"Protection ( 1994 ) is Bristol-based trip-hop collective Massive Attack 's second album ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The Stereo MCs are an electronic dance group from London which formed in 1985 . | [
"Stereo MCs are an English electronic dance group , which formed in Clapham , London in 1985 ."
] | [
"The Pigeon Detectives are an English band from Rothwell , West Yorkshire , who formed in 2004 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Zoosk is a dating website . | [
"Zoosk is an online dating website with third-party applications on several social networking services . Zoosk is based in San Francisco , CA ."
] | [
"t. co is a URL shortening service created by Twitter ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
The ski slopes in Anzà re cover about 40 kilometers , with 1 cablecar , 2 chair lifts , and 8 T-bars . | [
"The ski slopes in Anzà re cover about 40 kilometers ( the longest run being Les Rousses at over 5 km long ) with 1 cablecar , 2 chair lifts , and 8 T-bars ."
] | [
"Schmallenberg has a lot of hiking trails adding up to approximately 2,500 kilometres , leading through forests , across mountains and through valleys ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
There are several cafes in the area , and the entire area is known as Tà là - Anzà re . | [
"There are several self-service restaurants on the mountain , and the entire area is known as Tà là - Anzà re ."
] | [
"The bog and nature preserve around à tang de la Gruà re is located in the municipality ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Facilities in and around Anzà re 's ` Place du Village ' include both indoor and outdoor swimming pools , two supermarkets , many hotels , bars and nightclubs , as well as many restaurants and clothing shops . | [
"Facilities in and around Anzà re 's ` Place du Village ' include both indoor and outdoor swimming pools , two supermarkets , multiple hotels , bars and nightclubs , as well as many restaurants and clothes shops ."
] | [
"Nicosia is important commercially with many shops , three modern shopping malls , restaurants and entertainment ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The ` Place du Village ' is a person area right in the heart of the village , housing most of Anzà re 's cafes and restaurants . | [
"The ` Place du Village ' is a pedestrian area right in the heart of the village , containing most of Anzà re 's cafes and restaurants ."
] | [
"Situated approximately 8 km ( 5 miles ) from Ardà che 's capital , Privas , its location in the center of the Ardà che makes it an ideal location for tourists ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Abdoulaye Mà à tà ( born 6 October 1980 ) is a Cà te d'Ivoire football player . | [
"Abdoulaye Mà à tà ( born 6 October 1980 in Paris ) is a French born Ivorian footballer who currently plays for West Bromwich Albion in the Premier League . He represents Cà te d'Ivoire internationally , he has been awarded 48 caps ."
] | [
"Sylvain N ` Diayà ( born 25 June 1976 ) is a French-born Senegalese footballer , currently a defensive midfielder for AS Cannes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Roseraie du Val-de-Marne is a garden of roses . It was created in 1899 in L'Ha à - les-Roses , Val-de-Marne , France . | [
"Roseraie du Val-de-Marne or Roseraie de L'Ha à is a garden devoted to roses established in 1899 on rue Albert Watel in L'Ha à - les-Roses , Val-de-Marne , France ."
] | [
"Saint - à tienne-au-Mont ( English : Saint-Etienne-au-Mont ) , ( Dutch : Sint-Steven Berg ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France . Besides the main settlement Saint - à tienne-au-Mont , the commune consists of the two smaller settlements Pont-de-Briques and à caul... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Roseraie du Val-de-Marne has 13,100 rose bushes of 3200 different kinds of roses . | [
"Laid out in thirteen formal sections , today Roseraie du Val-de-Marne has a total of 13,100 rose bushes featuring 3200 species and varieties ."
] | [
"Spread throughout zoo grounds , there are 15 different collections , highlighting over 800 different plant species , with a total of over 7,400 individual plants ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Rauzan is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Rauzan is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Laurent-d ` Arce is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the description about Geography:"
} |
Kyle Davis Richardson ( born March 2 , 1973 in Farmington , Missouri ) is a retired American football Punter who used to play for the Miami Dolphins , Seattle Seahawks , Baltimore Ravens , Minnesota Vikings , Philadelphia Eagles , Cincinnati Bengals , Cleveland Browns of the NFL . | [
"Kyle Davis Richardson ( born March 2 , 1973 in Farmington , Missouri ) is a former National Football League punter ."
] | [
"Michael Shayne Graham ( born December 9 , 1977 in Radford , Virginia ) is an American football placekicker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Sports:"
} |
Saint-Julien-Vocance is a commune in the Ardà che dà partement in southern France . | [
"Saint-Julien-Vocance is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Les Salelles is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the description about Geography:"
} |
Loves Park is a city of Illinois in the United States . | [
"Loves Park is part of the Rockford , Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
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