query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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As the Oxford Companion to the Bible states : `` Since life was viewed as sacred ( Gen. 9.6 ) , no amount of blood money could be given as recompense for the loss of the life of an innocent person ; it had to be ` life for life ' '' ( Exod . | [
"As the Oxford Companion to the Bible states : `` Since life was viewed as sacred ( Genesis 9.6 ) , no amount of blood money could be given as recompense for the loss of the life of an innocent person ; it had to be ` life for life ' '' ( Exodus 21.23 ; Deuteronomy 19.21 ) '' ."
] | [
"Thus , Adam 's sin was `` to set a bad example '' for his progeny , but his actions did not have the other consequences imputed to Original Sin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Today , the practice of vendetta has almost disappeared in societies where law enforcement works . There , criminal law punishes lawbreakers . | [
"The practice has mostly disappeared with more centralized societies where law enforcement and criminal law take responsibility of punishing lawbreakers ."
] | [
"Buchanan believes that a constitution , intended for use by at least several generations of citizens , must be able to adjust itself for pragmatic economic decisions and to balance interests of the state and society against those of individuals and their constitutional rights to personal freedom and private happin... | SimpleWiki | {
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These incidents , the most famous of which was the Hatfield-McCoy feud , were regularly featured in the newspapers of the eastern U.S. between the 1880s and the early twentieth century . | [
"These incidents , the most famous of which was the Hatfield-McCoy feud , were regularly featured in the newspapers of the eastern U.S. between the Reconstruction era and the early twentieth century , and are seen by some as linked to a Southern culture of honor with its roots in the Scots-Irish forebears of the re... | [
"The town was historically agricultural , but began experiencing suburban sprawl in the later decades of the 20th century , which continues currently ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Vendetta is reputedly still practiced in some areas in France ( especially Corsica ) and Italy ( especially Sicily , Sardinia , Campania , Calabria , Apulia , and other areas of Southern Italy ) , in Crete ( Greece ) , among Kurdish clans in Iraq and Turkey , in northern Albania , among Pashtuns in Afghanistan , among ... | [
"Vendetta is reputedly still practiced in some areas in France ( especially Corsica ) , Italy ( especially Sicily , Sardinia , Campania , Calabria , Apulia and other areas of Southern Italy ) , in Mani and Crete ( Greece ) , among Kurdish clans in Iraq and Turkey , in northern Albania , among Pashtuns in Afghanista... | [
"These two groups then expanded , the Eftavagarja into France , where they are called `` Manouches '' , and the Estraxarja into Italy and Eastern Europe , mainly what are now Croatia , Slovenia , Hungary , Romania , the Czech Republic and Slovakia , eventually adopting various regional names ."
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After 1983 the event became the Long Beach Grand Prix of the CART series . | [
"After 1983 the event returned as the Long Beach Grand Prix of the CART series ."
] | [
"In the past the circuit has hosted the FIA GT Championship , and a one-off Bahrain Superprix involving Formula Three cars , following on from the collapsed Korea Super Prix ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The United States Grand Prix West was a Formula One motor race held at street circuit in Long Beach , California . It was a Formula 5000 race in 1975 , and a F1 world championship event from 1976 to 1983 . | [
"The United States Grand Prix West was a race held at Long Beach , California , as a Formula 5000 race in 1975 and a Formula One world championship event from 1976 to 1983 ."
] | [
"The 1956 Formula One season featured the seventh FIA World Championship of Drivers as well as numerous non-championship races for Formula One cars . The championship series commenced on January 22 , 1956 and ended on September 2 after eight races ."
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Annois is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Annois is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Belleu is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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There , political fights between Slavs and ethnic Germans angered him and made him one who was for the Pan-German movement . | [
"There , political struggles between Slavs and ethnic Germans angered him and turned him into a loud and fiery proponent of the Pan-German movement ."
] | [
"As a result of this idea , in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , the Roman Catholic Church identified the Roman Catholicism to the Croatian nationhood which turned most of its priesthood into ardent Ustashe supporters ."
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Hitler began reading an anti-Semitic newspaper in his area . | [
"Hitler was captivated by Poetsch 's teachings and began regularly reading a local anti-Semitic newspaper ."
] | [
"While still in London he quit his government job and , on his return to Berlin , became editor of the conservative Kreuzzeitung ."
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As dictator of Germany , Hitler tried to get all German-speaking people together and persecuted Slavs , Jews , Gypsies , and others . | [
"As dictator of Germany , Hitler attempted to unite all German-speaking people , just as Poetsch 's lectures had demanded , and persecuted Slavs , Jews , Gypsies , and other minorities , eventually attempting to exterminate them in the `` Final Solution '' ."
] | [
"Ukrainians , Germans , Lipovans , Turks , Tatars , Serbs , Slovaks , Bulgarians , Croats , Greeks , Russians , Jews , Czechs , Poles , Italians , Armenians , as well as other ethnic groups , account for the remaining 1.4 % of the population ."
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Hitler was very interested in what Poetsch said . Poetsch hated the Habsburgs and argued that all ethnic Germans should be united by a single government . | [
"Hitler hated all his classes except Poetsch 's history class ."
] | [
"In addition , the German ministry of propaganda issued press reports that riots had broken out in Austria and that large parts of the Austrian population were calling for German troops to restore order ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Poetsch hated the Habsburgs and argued that all ethnic Germans should be united by a single government . | [
"Poetsch despised the Habsburgs and forcefully argued that all ethnic Germans should be united by a single government ."
] | [
"Ante PaveliÄ 's nationalism identified Roman Catholicism with the Croat nation , which was actively supported and interpreted by the clergy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He said that the Aryan race was stronger , in better health , and more fit to rule than all other people . | [
"He asserted that the Aryan race was stronger , healthier , and more fit to rule than any other people ."
] | [
"Even in countries with a majority of White people , such as USA , Britain , Ireland and France , Black people tend to have shorter life expectancies than their White counterparts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Poetsch came from the southern German border area . | [
"Poetsch came from the southern German border regions ."
] | [
"This was followed by the establishment of the Grey League ( Grauer Bund ) , sometimes called Oberbund , in 1395 in the Upper Rhine valley ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Leopold Poetsch was a German professor and a high school teacher of Adolf Hitler who influenced the future leader 's later views . | [
"Leopold Poetsch ( or PÃ tsch ) ( 18 November 1853 - 16 October 1942 ) was a German Professor and a high school history teacher of Adolf Hitler who influenced the future leader 's later views ."
] | [
"Armin Theophil Wegner ( October 16 , 1886 -- May 17 , 1978 ) was a German soldier and medic in World War I , a prolific author and a seminal figure in German Expressionism , a human rights activist , and a victim of Nazi persecution ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Poetsch said that Jews and Slavs were what he called `` inferior races '' . | [
"Poetsch declared that Jews and Slavs were what he termed `` inferior races '' ."
] | [
"The tribes they were briefly in upon their return were the same tribes they were originally in ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hitler was very interested in what Poetsch said . | [
"Hitler became enamored of Poetsch as a teenager , captivated by the professor 's fiery speeches . Poetsch was a fervent pan-German ."
] | [
"The article referred to Escher , whose work had sparked their interest in the subject , but not Reutersvà rd , whom they were unaware of ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He started to teach in Maribor , Slovenia and later moved to Linz , Austria to teach history . | [
"He began teaching in Maribor , and later moved to Linz to teach history ."
] | [
"In 2002 , she completed the adult education course , and then went on to study medicine at the Karolinska Institute ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Redwall is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 1986 . | [
"Redwall is a fantasy novel by Brian Jacques . Originally published in 1986 , it is the first book of the Redwall series ."
] | [
"Tuck Everlasting is a 2002 film based on the children 's book of the same title by Natalie Babbitt published in 1975 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Franck Durix ( born 20 October 1965 ) is a former French football player . | [
"Franck Durix ( born 20 October 1965 in Belleville , Rhà ne ) is a retired French professional footballer . He is the brother of fellow player David Durix ."
] | [
"Roberto Tricella ( born 18 March 1959 ) is a former Italian footballer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For them , Yule is celebrated as the longest night of the year . | [
"Customs such as the Yule log , Yule goat , Yule boar , Yule singing , and others stem from Yule ."
] | [
"On each of the four sides of the palace is a different season , and one day within the palace is equal to a century outside its boundaries ."
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Elive can be used like any Live CD or installed to the hard drive to have access its fullfeatures . | [
"Elive can be used like any Live CD or installed to the hard drive to access its full features ."
] | [
"MEPIS is a set of Linux distributions , distributed as Live CDs that can be installed onto a hard disk drive ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Elive is a Linux Distribution with a Live CD that allows the user to try Elive before installing it on the system . | [
"Elive is a fully functional distribution with a Live CD counterpart that allows the user to sample the distribution before installing it on the system ."
] | [
"MEPIS is a set of Linux distributions , distributed as Live CDs that can be installed onto a hard disk drive ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Elive is a Linux distribution based on Debian for legacy ( old ) and commodity hardware . | [
"Elive ( `` Enlightenment live '' ) is a GNU\\/Linux distribution based on Debian for legacy and commodity hardware with Intel processors ."
] | [
"64 Studio is a free and open source operating system based on Debian designed for creative users on x86-64 and legacy 32-bit hardware architectures ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Elive utilizes UnionFS , which allows users to install software packages using Synaptic and\/or APT , while the user 's computer is running from the Live CD . | [
"Elive utilizes UnionFS , which allows users to install software packages using Synaptic Package Manager and\\/or APT , while the user 's computer is running from the Live CD ."
] | [
"PCLinuxOS is also designed to be easy to remaster after installation , creating one 's own personalized Live CD , using the mklivecd tool ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Laws of Form is a book by George Spencer-Brown published in 1969 . It is about logic , mathematics , and philosophy . | [
"Laws of Form ( hereinafter LoF ) is a book by G. Spencer-Brown , published in 1969 , that straddles the boundary between mathematics and philosophy ."
] | [
"In 1920 he proposed explicitly a research project ( in metamathematics , as it was then termed ) that became known as Hilbert 's program ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Spencer-Brown 's philosophy was influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein , R.D. Laing , Charles Sanders Peirce , Bertrand Russell , and Alfred North Whitehead . | [
"Spencer-Brown was influenced by Wittgenstein and R. D. Laing . LoF also echoes a number of themes from the writings of Charles Sanders Peirce , Bertrand Russell , and Alfred North Whitehead ."
] | [
"The Thelema Society , also located in Germany , accepts Liber Legis and much of Crowley 's work on magick , while incorporating the ideas of other thinkers , such as Friedrich Nietzsche , Charles S. Peirce , Martin Heidegger , and Niklas Luhmann ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Coucouron is a commune in the Ardà che dà partement in southern France . | [
"Coucouron is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Malbosc is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In this list , the year means the year that the book was published ; awards are given the next year . | [
"The stated year is that of publication ; awards are given in the following year ."
] | [
"Because the list used for this season was not used again after a new list containing male names came into usage in the 1979 season , it was not replaced with any particular name ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America gives awards for good Science Fiction writing . Each year they give the Nebula Award for Best Novel . | [
"Winners of the Nebula Award for Best Novel , awarded by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America ."
] | [
"Prentice Alvin won the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 1990 , was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 , and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Kazuto Tsuyuki ( born 14 August 1984 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Roasso Kumamoto . | [
"Kazuto Tsuyuki is a Japanese football player currently playing for Roasso Kumamoto ."
] | [
"Hyun Young-Min ( born 25 December 1979 ) is a South Korean football player who currently plays for FC Seoul ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Albert Goodwill Spalding ( born September 2 , 1850 in Byron , Illinois -- September 9 , 1915 in Point Loma , California ) was a professional baseball player , manager and co-founder of A.G. Spalding sporting goods company . | [
"Albert Goodwill Spalding ( Byron , Illinois September 2 , 1850 â `` September 9 , 1915 in Point Loma , San Diego , California ) was a professional baseball player , manager and co-founder of A.G. Spalding sporting goods company ."
] | [
"David Patrick Jauss ( born January 16 , 1957 in Chicago , Illinois ) is a baseball coach who is currently the bench coach for the New York Mets , wearing number 56 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For the violinist , see Albert Spalding ( violinist ) . | [
"His nephew , also named Albert Spalding , was a renowned violinist ."
] | [
"Gordan Nikolitch ( ; born 1968 ) is a Serbian violinist ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan , his sister Fatimah Jinnah became the `` Mother of the Nation '' . He also became the president of Pakistanâ s constituent assembly . | [
"Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan and president of its constituent assembly ."
] | [
"Mr. Muhammed Hashim Gazdar was among the Legislating members who represented Sindh in the first session of Pakistan 's first Constituent Assembly , convened for the purpose of legislation in Sindh Assembly Building , Karachi on 10 August , 1947 , four days before Pakistan 's independence and formation was imminent... | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1941 , Jinnah founded a newspaper , named the dawn . | [
"Muhammad Ali Jinnah founded Dawn in 1941 , a major newspaper that helped him propagate the League 's point of views ."
] | [
"Insaf Party ( Justice Party ) , was a Muslim political party ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah , also spelled Mohammad or Mahomed Ali Jinnah ) ( December 25 , 1876 â `` September 11 , 1948 ) was an Indian Muslim . | [
"Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( ; December 25 , 1876 â `` September 11 , 1948 ) was a 20th century lawyer , politician , statesman and the founder of Pakistan ."
] | [
"Levy Patrick Mwanawasa ( September 3 , 1948 â `` August 19 , 2008 ) was the third President of Zambia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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She was the daughter of Jinnahâ s personal friend sir Dinshaw Petit . Petit belonged to Parsi Zoroastrian community . | [
"She was the fashionable young daughter of his personal friend Sir Dinshaw Petit , of an elite Parsi family of Bombay ."
] | [
"The people of Namli Maira are all Muslims . About 80 % belong to the Karlal ( Sardar ) tribe ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1918 , Jinnah married again . His second wife was Rattanbai Petit . | [
"In 1918 , Jinnah married his second wife Rattanbai Petit ( `` Ruttie '' ) , twenty-four years his junior ."
] | [
"His father was Hazi Dula Mia Shoudagar , a jeweler , and his mother was Sufia Khatun ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1913 , Jinnah became a member of the Muslim League . In 1916 , he became the president of the Muslim League . | [
"Eventually , he joined the league in 1913 and became the president at the 1916 session in Lucknow ."
] | [
"The Azad Pakistan Party was a leftist Pakistani party founded in November 1949 by Mian Iftikharuddin , an ex-Congressite and a member of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Jinnah did not like this marriage , but continued to correspond with his daughter . | [
"Jinnah continued to correspond cordially with his daughter , but their personal relationship was strained ."
] | [
"Hassan and his father Ali , to Baba 's extreme sorrow , leave anyway ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bal Gangadhar Tilak , a famous leader of India , once used Jinnah to work as a lawyer . Tilak was facing charges of sedition against the British Raj . | [
"His reputation as a skilled lawyer prompted Indian leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak to hire him as defense counsel for his sedition trial in 1908 ."
] | [
"The demonstration was to demand the release of two popular leaders of the Indian Independence Movement , Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew , who had been earlier arrested by the government and removed to a secret location ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1920 , Jinnah left the Congress party . | [
"Jinnah broke with the Congress in 1920 when the Congress leader , Mohandas Gandhi , launched a law-violating Non-Cooperation Movement against the British , which Jinnah disapproved of ."
] | [
"On May 24 , 2005 Lafontaine left the SPD ."
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During all these years , his sister Fatima Jinnah took care of Jinnahâ s affairs , both at home and outside . | [
"Jinnah would receive personal care and support as he became more ill during this time from his sister Fatima Jinnah ."
] | [
"Qasim Razvi , the military chief of Hyderabad state , moved to Pakistan where he resided until his death ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In due course of time , Hindus will cease to be Hindus and Muslims will cease to be Muslims , not in the religious sense , because that is the personal faith of each individual , but in the political sense as citizens of the state . | [
"Now I think we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims , not in the religious sense , because that is the personal faith of each individual , but in the political sense as citizens of the State ."
] | [
"Generally , they are not overly desirous of giving up their identity as Arabs , which might be a result of the bloom in multiculturalism and political correctness to respect their Islamic religious customs and traditions in the United States ."
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She also became a close advisor to him . | [
"She lived and traveled with him , as well as becoming a close advisor ."
] | [
"Throughout his career , he has been an advocate for civil rights and humanitarian causes , and was a vocal critic of the policies of the George W. Bush Administration ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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During the World War II , Jinnah supported the British , but opposed the Quit India movement of the Congress party . | [
"Jinnah supported the British effort in World War II , and opposed the Quit India movement ."
] | [
"The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference led the Muslim movement for accession to Pakistan in the State ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On 16 May 1946 , the British announced plan for a united India . | [
"The 1946 British Cabinet Mission to India released a plan on May 16 , calling for a united Indian state comprising considerably autonomous provinces , and called for `` groups '' of provinces formed on the basis of religion . A second plan released on June 16 , called for the separation of India along religious li... | [
"It was created in 1945 as part of the French occupation zone ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Jinnah couple resided in Mumbai and frequently traveled to Europe . | [
"The couple resided in Bombay , and frequently traveled across India and Europe ."
] | [
"She frequently traveled to South France , especially to CÃ ret , and also to Germany , Belgium and Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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At the beginning Jinnah had avoided to join the All India Muslim League , another political organization of India . Muslims had formed the League in 1906 . | [
"Jinnah had initially avoided joining the All India Muslim League , founded in 1906 , regarding it as too Muslim oriented ."
] | [
"The Pakistan Green Party Green democratic political party in Pakistan . It was founded on April 28 in 2002 and since has been active in local politics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Jaswant Singh was expelled from the party because he had praised Jinnah in his book ` Jinnah - India , Partition and Independence ' . | [
"Jaswant Singh likewise praised Jinnah for standing up to the Indian National Congress and the British ."
] | [
"Elections were held in 1965 , and Ayub Khan defeated Fatima Jinnah , sister of the founder of Pakistan , Muhammad Ali Jinnah ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1919 , his wife bore a daughter . The daughter was named Dina . | [
"In 1919 she bore Jinnah his only child , daughter Dina Jinnah ."
] | [
"Lambert 's first marriage was to Florence Kaye ; their son was Kit Lambert ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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By this time , the Muslim League had formed governments in some provinces , and had also entered the central government . | [
"During this period , the League formed provincial governments and entered the central government ."
] | [
"The 1946 British Cabinet Mission to India released a plan on May 16 , calling for a united Indian state comprising considerably autonomous provinces , and called for `` groups '' of provinces formed on the basis of religion . A second plan released on June 16 , called for the separation of India along religious li... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Lex Luthor is a fictional character on the WB television series , Smallville . | [
"Michael Rosenbaum portrayed Luthor in the series Smallville . In this 2001 series , Lex Luthor is sent to Smallville , by his father Lionel Luthor , to run the local LuthorCorp fertilizer plant ."
] | [
"Brown also works extensively as a voice actor in animated TV series , notably portraying Lex Luthor on Superman : The Animated Series , Krypto the Superdog and Justice League\\/Justice League Unlimited as well as his long-running-role as Mr. Krabs on SpongeBob SquarePants ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS ) is Australia 's national census and statistical office . | [
"The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS ) is Australia 's national statistical agency ."
] | [
"Launched in March 2003 as an Australian Federal Government initiative , and originally proposed in 1998 , the website was actively updated until 31 March 2007 , at which point its role transferred to that of an archive ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Every year the ABS makes a book for Australia , called the Year Book Australia . | [
"The ABS produces an annual year book for Australia , called the Year Book Australia , which is the principal reference work produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics ."
] | [
"As part of the United States Department of Commerce , the Census Bureau serves as a leading source of data about America 's people and economy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It also has details about Australiaâ s geography and climate , government , international relations , defense , education , and the health and welfare systems . | [
"In addition , it contains descriptive matter dealing with Australiaâ s geography and climate , government , international relations , defense , education , and the health and welfare support systems ."
] | [
"Despite this , there are still obvious differences between eastern and western Berlin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was first called the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics , and began on December 8 1905 . | [
"It was created as the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics on 8 December 1905 , when the Census and Statistics Act 1905 was given Royal assent ."
] | [
"It was established by an act of Congress on October 15 , 1966 , and began operation on April 1 , 1967 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The last census was held on August 8 2006 . | [
"The last Australian population census was held on 8 August 2006 ."
] | [
"The first ( No. 2 ) started on July 10 , 2003 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Where its name came from is not known ; it may be named after the mythical Hercules , or after an unknown woman of that name . | [
"The origin of its name is not known ; it may be named after the mythical Hercules , or after an unknown woman of that name ."
] | [
"The word has traditionally been linked to the name of the legendary founder of the Armenian nation , Hayk , which is also a popular Armenian name ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Herculina is one of the twenty or so biggest members of the main asteroid belt . | [
"Herculina is one of the twenty or so largest members of the main asteroid belt ."
] | [
"Named in August 2003 after the giant Siarnaq ( also known as Sedna ) in Inuit mythology , it is the largest member of the Inuit group of irregular satellites ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The approximate ratios of the axes were suggested as 1:1.1:1.3 , broadly consistent with earlier models if a bit more stretched . | [
"The approximate ratios of the axes were suggested as 1:1.1:1.3 , broadly consistent with earlier models if slightly more elongated ."
] | [
"An occultation of Bamberga was observed on 8 December 1987 , and gave a diameter of about 228 km , in agreement with IRAS results ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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This analysis indicates the presence of many big craters , similar to 253 Mathilde , but no major changes in albedo . | [
"This analysis indicates the presence of multiple largish craters , similar to 253 Mathilde , but no major variation in albedo ."
] | [
"It is estimated that the impact responsible excavated about 1 % of the entire volume of Vesta , and it is likely that the Vesta family and V-type asteroids are the products of this collision ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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A set of 1982 speckle inferometry observations led to a simple preliminary model of Herculina as a three-axis object , perhaps 260 by 220 by 215 km . | [
"A set of 1982 speckle interferometry observations led to a simple preliminary model of Herculina as a three-axis object , perhaps 260 by 220 by 215 km ."
] | [
"The most remarkable feature of Antiope is that it consists of two components of almost equal size ( the difference in mass is less than 2.5 % ) , making it a truly `` double '' asteroid ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was found on April 20th , 1904 , by Max Wolf in Heidelberg , and initially catalogued as 1904 NY . | [
"It was discovered on April 20 , 1904 , by Max Wolf in Heidelberg , and initially catalogued as 1904 NY ."
] | [
"While at Pula , he discovered his first asteroid , 136 Austria , on March 18 , 1874 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It has often been noted for its complex lightcurves , which made finding its shape and rotation somewhat hard . | [
"It has often been noted for its complex lightcurves , which made determination of its shape and rotation somewhat difficult ."
] | [
"Because these events constitute the majority of the population and because they tend to have the brightest afterglows , they have been studied in much greater detail than their short counterparts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Following anomalous sightings during an occultation of the star SAO 1220774 in 1978 , Herculina became the first asteroid to be `` confirmed '' to have an asteroid moon , with the parent asteroid estimated at a 216km diameter and a moon of about 45km orbiting at a distance of around 1,000 km . | [
"Following anomalous observations during an occultation of the star SAO 120774 in 1978 , Herculina became the first asteroid to be `` confirmed '' to have an asteroid moon , with the parent asteroid estimated at a 216 km diameter and a satellite of about 45 km orbiting at a distance of around 1,000 km ."
] | [
"52 Europa is one of the larger asteroids in the asteroid belt , having a diameter of 300 km ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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532 Herculina ( herr ' - kew-lye ' - nÉ , ) is a very big asteroid , with a diameter of around 225 km . | [
"532 Herculina is a very large asteroid , with a diameter of around 225 km ."
] | [
"Unfortunately , other than its orbit , radius of 53 km and geometric albedo of 0.08 virtually nothing is known about Juliet ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Recent ( 2002 ) modelling of photometric data shows that Herculina is not spherical , but a blocky shape not unlike a battered cuboid - or , as the analysis described it , it `` resembles a toaster '' . | [
"Recent ( 2002 ) modelling of photometric data indicates that Herculina is not spherical , but a blocky shape not unlike a battered cuboid - or , as the analysis described it , it `` resembles a toaster '' ."
] | [
"The most remarkable feature of Antiope is that it consists of two components of almost equal size ( the difference in mass is less than 2.5 % ) , making it a truly `` double '' asteroid ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Most of the asteroids found by Wolf around this date were named for characters in operas , but if this name was also drawn from such a source , no explanation has been recorded . | [
"The bulk of the asteroids discovered by Wolf around this date were named for characters in operas , but if this name was also drawn from such a source , no explanation has been recorded ."
] | [
"Patroclus is the only object in the Trojan camp to be named after a Greek character ; the naming conventions for the trojan asteroids were not adopted until after Patroclus was named ( similarly , the asteroid Hektor is the only Trojan character to appear in the Greek camp ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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However , careful studying in 1993 , using the Hubble Space Telescope , could not locate a moon . | [
"However , careful examination in 1993 , using the Hubble Space Telescope , failed to locate a secondary ."
] | [
"Subsequently , 13 more field discoveries were found ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He went to Oregon Agricultural College and graduated in 1922 with a degree in chemical engineering . Pauling then went to the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) , where he received his Ph. . | [
"In 1922 , Pauling graduated from Oregon State University with a degree in chemical engineering and went on to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) in Pasadena , California , under the guidance of Roscoe G. Dickinson ."
] | [
"Selby was born in Morgantown , West Virginia , the son of Sarah E. McIntyre Selby and Clyde Ira Selby , a carpenter . He attended West Virginia University in his hometown , earning Bachelor of Science and Master 's degrees in theater , followed by a Ph. D. from Southern Illinois University ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Linus Carl Pauling ( February 28 , 1901 â `` August 19 , 1994 ) was an American scientist , peace activist , author and educator . | [
"Linus Carl Pauling ( February 28 , 1901 â `` August 19 , 1994 ) was an American chemist , peace activist , author and educator ."
] | [
"Gerard Kitchen O'Neill ( February 6 , 1927 â `` April 27 , 1992 ) was an American physicist and space activist ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Pauling was one the first scientists to work in the fields of quantum chemistry , molecular biology and orthomolecular medicine . | [
"Pauling was among the first scientists to work in the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology ."
] | [
"Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS ( 15 December 1916 â `` 5 October 2004 ) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist , and Nobel Laureate whose research contributed to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence , isotope separation , optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction , and t... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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He was one of the most important chemists in history and ranks in the most important scientists in history . | [
"He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists of the 20th century ."
] | [
"He is considered to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Several times in the novel , Raskolnikov justifies himself by comparing himself to Napoleon , saying that murder is allowed for a higher purpose . | [
"Several times throughout the novel , Raskolnikov justifies his actions by connecting himself mentally with Napoleon Bonaparte , believing that murder is permissible in pursuit of a higher purpose , only to find out he '' ... is not a Napoleon . ''"
] | [
"This , however , is self-destructive because in attempting to prove his sanity he fully admits he is guilty of murder ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Crime and Punishment ( Prestuplenie i nakazanie ) is a novel by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky . | [
"Crime and Punishment ( Pryestupleniye i nakazaniye ) is a novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky ."
] | [
"The Grand Inquisitor is a parable told by Ivan to Alyosha in Fyodor Dostoevsky 's novel The Brothers Karamazov ( 1879 â `` 1880 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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In letters written in November 1865 an important change had happened : the `` story '' has become a `` novel '' , From then on , Dostoevsky always spoke of Crime and Punishment as a novel . | [
"In letters written in November 1865 an important conceptual change occurred : the `` story '' has become a `` novel '' , and from here on all references to Crime and Punishment are to a novel ."
] | [
"In 1905 , James responded frustratingly to what he described as `` a beguiled infatuation '' with Austen , a rising tide of public interest that exceeded Austen 's `` intrinsic merit and interest '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is quite similar to the story that Dostoevsky described in his letter to Katkov , and was written like a diary or journal . It had the same story as what later became part II . | [
"It coincides roughly with the story that Dostoevsky described in his letter to Katkov , and written in a form of a diary or journal , corresponds to what eventually became part II ."
] | [
"Scott wrote in his private journal in 1826 , in what later became a widely quoted comparison :"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Dostoevsky offered his story ( at the time , he did not think of Crime and Punishment as a novel ) to the publisher Mikhail Katkov . Famous writers such as Ivan Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy often used Katkov 's monthly journal , The Russian Messenger , to print their writings . | [
"Dostoyevsky offered his story or novella ( at the time Dostoyevsky was not thinking of a novel ) to the publisher Mikhail Katkov , whose monthly journal , The Russian Messenger , was a prestigious publication of its kind , and the outlet for both Ivan Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy ."
] | [
"His relations with Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky were often strained , as the two were , for various reasons , dismayed by Turgenev 's seeming preference for Western Europe ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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The first part of Crime and Punishment appeared in January 1866 in The Russian Messenger . The last part was published in December 1866 . | [
"The first part of Crime and Punishment appeared in the January 1866 issue of The Russian Messenger , and the last one was published in December 1866 ."
] | [
"The story would not be finished until 12 years later , in 1949 , and would not be fully published until 1955 , when Tolkien was 63 years old ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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He lives in a very small , rented room in Saint Petersburg . | [
"Raskolnikov , a conflicted former student , lives in a tiny , rented room in Saint Petersburg ."
] | [
"After Max is kidnapped by his father , the two walk to Iggy Lee 's apartment in the `` New tenements '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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He owed large sums of money to creditors , and was also trying to help the family of his brother Mikhail . Mikhail had died in early 1864 . | [
"At the time the author owed large sums of money to creditors , and was trying to help the family of his brother Mikhail , who had died in early 1864 ."
] | [
"His second wife , with whom he had a daughter , died in 1972 in a car accident in which Masur was severely injured ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In September 1865 , Dostoevsky wrote a letter to Katkov . In the letter , he explained to him that Crime and Punishment was going to be about a young man who believes in `` certain strange , ` unfinished ' ideas , yes floating in the air '' . | [
"Nonetheless , forced by his situation , after all other appeals elsewhere failed , Dostoevsky turned as a last resort to Katkov , urging for an advance on a proposed contribution : In a letter to Katkov written in September 1865 , Dostoevsky explained to him that the work was to be about a young man who yields to ... | [
"Anna-Theresa Tymieniecka states that Alyosha , like Prince Myshkin , the protagonist in another Dostoevsky novel , The Idiot , are almost Jesus-like characters , who are nevertheless unable to prevent the suffering of those around them ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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Dostoevsky had to write very quickly to finish both The Gambler and Crime and Punishment . | [
"Dostoevsky had to race against time , in order to finish on time both The Gambler and Crime and Punishment ."
] | [
"The novels Taras Bul ` ba ( 1835 ; 1842 ( revised edition ) ) and Dead Souls ( 1842 ) , the play The Inspector-General ( 1836 , 1842 ) , and the short stories Diary of a Madman , The Nose and The Overcoat ( 1842 ) are among his best known works ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Anna Snitkina , a stenographer whom he later married , helped him very much . | [
"Anna Snitkina , a stenographer who would soon become his second wife , was a great help for Dostoevsky during this difficult task ."
] | [
"At the time the author owed large sums of money to creditors , and was trying to help the family of his brother Mikhail , who had died in early 1864 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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He also murdered her to test his idea that some people are naturally better than others and have the right to murder . | [
"He also commits this murder to test his own hypothesis that some people are naturally capable of , and even have the right to , do such things ."
] | [
"StarÄ eviÄ based his ideological views on writings of ancient Greek writers who thought that some people , by their very nature , are slaves , for they had `` just half of the human mind '' and , for that reason , they `` shall be governed by people of the human nature '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Dostoevsky , though , had argued with Katkov in the early 1860s , and had never printed anything in the journal . Finally , Dostoevsky asked Katkov for help when others would not print his book . | [
"However Dostoevsky , having carried on quite bruising polemics with Katkov in early 1860s , had never published anything in its pages ."
] | [
"He apparently spent some time in a mental hospital in Kislovodsk in July 1933 , ostensibly a result of depression born of his final acceptance that he would never be allowed to edit the Mexican footage , turned over by Sinclair to Hollywood editors , who would irreparably alter the negatives ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It was first published in the literary journal The Russian Messenger in 12 monthly series in 1866 . | [
"It was first published in the Russian literary journal The Russian Messenger in twelve monthly installments during 1866 ."
] | [
"Cecilia , or Memoirs of an Heiress was published in July 1782 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Dostoevsky began the idea of Crime and Punishment in the summer of 1865 . This was after he had gambled away much of his money . | [
"Dostoyevsky conceived the idea of Crime and Punishment in the summer of 1865 , having gambled away much of his fortune , unable to pay his bills or afford proper meals ."
] | [
"Anna Snitkina , a stenographer who would soon become his second wife , was a great help for Dostoevsky during this difficult task ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
While he is thinking about this plan , Raskolnikov meets Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov , a sad drunkard who recently spent all of his poor family 's money on drinking . | [
"While still considering the plan , Raskolnikov makes the acquaintance of Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov , a drunkard who recently squandered his family 's little wealth ."
] | [
"Book Eleven chronicles Ivan Karamazov 's destructive influence on those around him and his descent into madness . It is in this book that Ivan meets three times with Smerdyakov , the final meeting culminating in Smerdyakov 's dramatic confession that he had faked the fit , murdered Fyodor Karamazov , and stolen th... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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When Dostoevsky 's complete writings were published in the Soviet Union , the editors put together the notebooks that Dostoevsky kept while he was working on Crime and Punishment and printed it . | [
"In the complete edition of Dostoevsky 's writings published in the Soviet Union , the editors reassembled and printed the notebooks that the writer kept while working on Crime and Punishment , in a sequence roughly corresponding to the various stages of composition ."
] | [
"Written in Paris over a period of seventeen years , and published in 1939 , two years before the author 's death , Finnegans Wake was Joyce 's final work ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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After thinking , Raskolnikov goes to Alyona Ivanovna 's apartment . There , he murders her with an axe . | [
"After much deliberation , Raskolnikov sneaks into Alyona Ivanovna 's apartment where he murders her with an axe ."
] | [
"Book Eleven chronicles Ivan Karamazov 's destructive influence on those around him and his descent into madness . It is in this book that Ivan meets three times with Smerdyakov , the final meeting culminating in Smerdyakov 's dramatic confession that he had faked the fit , murdered Fyodor Karamazov , and stolen th... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
They are called the Wiesbaden edition , the Petersburg edition , and the final ( last ) plan . | [
"These have been distinguished as the Wiesbaden edition , the Petersburg edition , and the final plan , involving the shift from a first-person narrator to the indigenous variety of third-person form invented by Dostoevsky . The Wiesbaden edition concentrates entirely on the moral\\/physic reactions of the narrator... | [
"Hence Ebner wrote and finalized his narrative within four months . The book was published in the October of the same year with the German title Hominide ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
La Pommeraye , Calvados is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"La Pommeraye is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Saint-Germain-d ` Ectot is a commune in the Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Standard PHP file extensions are : . | [
"The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification ."
] | [
"Code '' ' '' will show '' ' '' if plural ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
PHP was first created by a man called Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 . | [
"PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 ."
] | [
"Inspired by an interview with Stephen Wolfram , Rucker became a computer science professor at San Josà State University in 1986 , from which he retired in 2004 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Common uses for organic solvents are in dry cleaning ( e.g. tetrachloroethylene ) , as paint thinners ( e.g. toluene , turpentine ) , as nail polish removers and glue solvents ( acetone , methyl acetate , ethyl acetate ) , in spot removers ( e.g. hexane , petrol ether ) , in detergents ( citrus terpenes ) , in perfumes... | [
"Common uses for organic solvents are in dry cleaning ( e.g. tetrachloroethylene ) , as a paint thinner ( e.g. toluene , turpentine ) , as nail polish removers and glue solvents ( acetone , methyl acetate , ethyl acetate ) , in spot removers ( e.g. hexane , petrol ether ) , in detergents ( citrus terpenes ) , in pe... | [
"Samples are dissolved or suspended in a `` cocktail '' containing an aromatic solvent ( historically benzene or toluene , but more recently less hazardous solvents have come into favor ) and small amounts of other additives known as fluors , i.e. , scintillants or scintillators ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Also , it has been conjectured that there are no odd Ore 's harmonic numbers . | [
"All perfect numbers are also Ore 's harmonic numbers , and it has been conjectured as well that there are no odd Ore 's harmonic numbers other than 1 ."
] | [
"The fact that implies , by infinite Galois theory , that is isomorphic to ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
It is still not known if there are infinitely many Mersenne primes and perfect numbers . | [
"It is still uncertain whether there are infinitely many Mersenne primes and perfect numbers ."
] | [
"The converse of this result is the definition of Ramanujan primes , and the numbers 2 , 11 , 17 , 29 , 41 are the first few such primes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
By definition , a perfect number is a fixed point of the restricted sum-of-divisors function s ( n ) = Ï ( n ) â ' n , and the aliquot sequence associated with a perfect number is a constant sequence . | [
"By definition , a perfect number is a fixed point of the restricted divisor function s ( n ) = Ï ( n ) â ' n , and the aliquot sequence associated with a perfect number is a constant sequence ."
] | [
"In fact , Rotkiewicz showed in 1964 that the product of any number of prime or composite Fermat numbers will be a Fermat pseudoprime to base 2 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Mathematics:"
} |
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