query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
In order for to be prime , it is necessary that should be prime . | [
"In order for 2p â ' 1 to be prime , it is necessary that p itself be prime ."
] | [
"The problem is this : given a set of integers , is there a non-empty subset whose sum is exactly zero ?"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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This means there are 47 perfect numbers known , the largest being 243,112,609 ( 243,112,609 1 ) with 25,956,377 digits . | [
"The largest of these is 243,112,608 Ã -- ( 243,112,609 â ' 1 ) with 25,956,377 digits ."
] | [
"Gauss 's presumed method was to realize that pairwise addition of terms from opposite ends of the list yielded identical intermediate sums : 1 + 100 = 101 , 2 + 99 = 101 , 3 + 98 = 101 , and so on , for a total sum of 50 Ã -- 101 = 5050 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Its divisors ( other than the number itself : 6 ) are 1 , 2 , and 3 and 1 + 2 + 3 equals 6 . | [
"For example , the digital root of 8128 = 1 , since 8 + 1 + 2 + 8 = 19 , 1 + 9 = 10 , and 1 + 0 = 1 . The reason that this digital root does n't work with the perfect number 6 is because it only works with perfect numbers 2p â ' 1 ( 2p â ' 1 ) , with odd prime p ; the perfect number 6 being associated with the even... | [
"Gauss 's presumed method was to realize that pairwise addition of terms from opposite ends of the list yielded identical intermediate sums : 1 + 100 = 101 , 2 + 99 = 101 , 3 + 98 = 101 , and so on , for a total sum of 50 Ã -- 101 = 5050 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Therefore , every Mersenne prime will yield a distinct even perfect number -- there is a concrete one-to-one association between even perfect numbers and Mersenne primes . | [
"Thus , there is a one-to-one relationship between even perfect numbers and Mersenne primes ; each Mersenne prime generates one even perfect number , and vice versa ."
] | [
"Two is the base of the simplest numeral system in which natural numbers can be written concisely , being the length of the number a logarithm of the value of the number ( whereas in base 1 the length of the number is the value of the number itself ) ; the binary system is used in computers ."
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Even perfect numbers have a very precise form ; odd perfect numbers are rare , if indeed they do exist . | [
"All even perfect numbers have a very precise form ; odd perfect numbers either do not exist or are rare ."
] | [
"Two is the base of the simplest numeral system in which natural numbers can be written concisely , being the length of the number a logarithm of the value of the number ( whereas in base 1 the length of the number is the value of the number itself ) ; the binary system is used in computers ."
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Also , any even perfect number except the first one is the sum of the first 2 ( n 1 ) \/ 2 odd cubes : | [
"Furthermore , any even perfect number except the first one is the ( ( 2p +1 ) \\/ 3 ) th centered nonagonal number as well as the sum of the first 2 ( pâ ' 1 ) \\/ 2 odd cubes :"
] | [
"The largest of these is 243,112,608 Ã -- ( 243,112,609 â ' 1 ) with 25,956,377 digits ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Till September 2009 , only 47 Mersenne primes are known . | [
"As of 2010 , 47 Mersenne primes and therefore 47 even perfect numbers are known ."
] | [
"Around March 2005 , 800 applicants were selected for an interview by CBS ."
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It is not known whether there are any odd perfect numbers . | [
"It is unknown whether there are any odd perfect numbers ."
] | [
"There is not yet a consensus as to which of these groups should count as separate species and which as subspecies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Prime numbers of the form 2n 1 are known as Mersenne primes , after the seventeenth-century monk Marin Mersenne , who studied number theory and perfect numbers . | [
"Prime numbers of the form 2p â ' 1 are known as Mersenne primes , after the seventeenth-century monk Marin Mersenne , who studied number theory and perfect numbers ."
] | [
"Like Fermat , Frà nicle was an amateur mathematician , but he still corresponded with the likes of Descartes , Huygens , Mersenne and also Fermat , who was his personal friend ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Six is the first perfect number . Its divisors ( other than the number itself : 6 ) are 1 , 2 , and 3 and 1 + 2 + 3 equals 6 . | [
"The first perfect number is 6 , because 1 , 2 , and 3 are its proper positive divisors , and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 ."
] | [
"Gauss 's presumed method was to realize that pairwise addition of terms from opposite ends of the list yielded identical intermediate sums : 1 + 100 = 101 , 2 + 99 = 101 , 3 + 98 = 101 , and so on , for a total sum of 50 Ã -- 101 = 5050 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Other perfect numbers include 28 , 496 and 8128 . | [
"This is followed by the perfect numbers 496 and 8128 ."
] | [
"Gauss 's presumed method was to realize that pairwise addition of terms from opposite ends of the list yielded identical intermediate sums : 1 + 100 = 101 , 2 + 99 = 101 , 3 + 98 = 101 , and so on , for a total sum of 50 Ã -- 101 = 5050 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Since any even perfect number has the form 2n 1 ( 2n 1 ) , it is a triangular number , and , like all triangular numbers , it is the sum of all natural numbers up to a certain point ; in this case : 2n 1 . | [
"Like all triangular numbers , it is the sum of all natural numbers up to a certain point ; in this case : 2p â ' 1 ."
] | [
"Gauss 's presumed method was to realize that pairwise addition of terms from opposite ends of the list yielded identical intermediate sums : 1 + 100 = 101 , 2 + 99 = 101 , 3 + 98 = 101 , and so on , for a total sum of 50 Ã -- 101 = 5050 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The electrons interact with the atoms that make up the specimen , producing signals that contain information about both the shape and other details - for instance the atomic structure , or the conductivity . | [
"The electrons interact with the atoms that make up the sample producing signals that contain information about the sample 's surface topography , composition , and other properties such as electrical conductivity ."
] | [
"Mapping out the strength and direction of the magnetic field is simple in principle . First , the strength and direction of the magnetic field is measured at a large number of locations ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) is a type of electron microscope that makes an image by moving a narrow electron beam across the surface of a specimen . | [
"A scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) is a type of electron microscope that images a sample by scanning it with a high-energy beam of electrons in a raster scan pattern ."
] | [
"When a conducting tip is brought very near to the surface to be examined , a bias ( voltage difference ) applied between the two can allow electrons to tunnel through the vacuum between them ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Fritz Herkenrath ( born 9 September , 1928 ) is a former German football player . | [
"Friedrich `` Fritz '' Herkenrath ( born September 9 , 1928 in Cologne ) is a former football goalkeeper for Germany at the 1958 FIFA World Cup ."
] | [
"Willi Koslowski ( born 17 February 1937 ) is a former German football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Saint-Pierremont , Aisne is a commune . | [
"Saint-Pierremont is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Chauffour-l à s-Bailly is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France ."
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Kosuke Fukudome ( born April 26 , 1977 ) is a Japanese baseball player . He currently plays as an outfielder for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . | [
"Kosuke Fukudome ( pronounced KOH-skay foo-koo-DOUGH-may ) is a Japanese outfielder for the Chicago Cubs ."
] | [
"Daniel Claiborne Hudson ( born March 9 , 1987 in Lynchburg , Virginia ) is a Major League Baseball starting pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks ."
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Fukudome formerly played for the Chunichi Dragons of the Central League from 1998 to 2007 . | [
"The Chunichi Dragons drafted Fukudome in 1998 in the first round as a shortstop ."
] | [
"The award has drawn criticism in recent years because several players with experience in Nippon Professional Baseball ( NPB ) have won the award , such as Hideo Nomo in 1995 , Kazuhiro Sasaki in 2000 , and Ichiro Suzuki in 2001 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Natural gas is a mixture . | [
"Natural gas is commercially extracted from oil fields and natural gas fields . Gas extracted from oil wells is called casinghead gas or associated gas ."
] | [
"It 's a colourless gas at room temperature and pressure ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Issues that it involves itself in are judicial nominations , church\/state separation , civil rights , voting rights for Washington , DC in the U.S. Congress and equal rights for lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgendered ( LGBT ) people and promotion of civic participation . | [
"PFAW has been active in recent years in battles over judicial nominations and on issues including school class size , and actively support such proposals as the separation of church and state , civil rights , voting rights for Washington , DC in the U.S. Congress and equal rights for lesbian , gay , bisexual , and... | [
"Not until the 1990s did it become common to speak of gay , lesbian , bisexual and transgender people with equal respect within the movement ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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PFAW says about its ' purpose on its ' website People For the American Way is dedicated to making the promise of America real for every American : Equality . | [
"People For the American Way is dedicated to making the promise of America real for every American : Equality ."
] | [
"The President 's Council on Physical Fitness and Sportsâ '' a study group sponsored by the government of the United Statesâ '' declines to offer a simple definition of physical fitness ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Josà de Acosta ( September\/October 1539 -- February 15 1600 ) , was a Spanish 16th-century Jesuit missionary and naturalist in Latin America . | [
"Josà de Acosta ( September\\/October 1539 â `` February 15 , 1600 ) was a Spanish 16th-century Jesuit missionary and naturalist in Latin America ."
] | [
"Garcilaso de la Vega ( c. 1501 â `` October 14 , 1536 ) was a Spanish soldier and poet ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Malad City is a city of Idaho in the United States . | [
"Malad City ( also commonly known as Malad ) is the only city in and the county seat of Oneida County , Idaho , United States ."
] | [
"White Bird is a city in Idaho County , Idaho , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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1504 was a year of the Gregorian calendar , that started on a Friday . | [
"Year 1504 ( MDIV ) was a leap year starting on Monday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ."
] | [
"2033 ( MMXXXIII ) will be common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bobby Convey ( born 27 May 1983 ) is an American soccer player . He plays for San Jose Earthquakes . | [
"Robert Francis `` Bobby '' Convey ( born May 27 , 1983 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) is an American soccer player who plays for San Jose Earthquakes in Major League Soccer ."
] | [
"Zak Benjamin Whitbread ( born March 4 , 1984 ) is an American soccer player who plays for Norwich City as a defender ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Deauville is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Deauville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Saint-Germain-d ` Ectot is a commune in the Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Koblenz is the base of the Campus Koblenz of the University of Koblenz-Landau and the seat of the Mayen-Koblenz municipality . | [
"The campus Koblenz of University of Koblenz and Landau is located in the city ."
] | [
"Furthermore Bremen has a University of the Arts Bremen , a University of Applied Sciences in Bremen and another one in Bremerhaven , and more recently the Jacobs University Bremen ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Vernon is a commune in the Ardà che dà partement in southern France . | [
"Vernon is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Mirabel is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Rhadamistus ( other names Ghadam or Radamisto ) was an Iberian prince who reigned in Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55 CE . | [
"Rhadamistus ( also known as Ghadam or Radamisto ) was an Iberian prince who reigned in Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55 CE ."
] | [
"Vahe was a legendary king of Armenia ( 351 BC â `` 331 BC ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Divaldo Pereira Franco or simply , Divaldo Franco is a Brazilian medium , born in Feira de Santana , Bahia , on May 5th , 1927 . | [
"Divaldo Pereira Franco ( born May 5 , 1927 , Feira de Santana , Brazil ) is a prominent Spiritist speaker and medium ."
] | [
"Antenor Lucas , better known as Brandà # ozinho ( born in Campinas , Brazil , June 9 , 1925 -- died in Sà # o Paulo , Brazil , April 4 , 2000 ) was a Brazilian football defender ."
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Samuel Huntington ( July 16 , 1731 - January 5 , 1796 ) was an American jurist , statesman , and revolutionary leader from Connecticut . | [
"Samuel Huntington ( - January 5 , 1796 ) was a jurist , statesman , and Patriot in the American Revolution from Connecticut ."
] | [
"Lyman Hall ( April 12 , 1724 - October 19 , 1790 ) , physician , clergyman , and statesman , was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Georgia ."
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He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress where he signed the Declaration of Independence , as Governor of Connecticut , and later as the first President of the United States in Congress Assembled , that is , the presiding officer of the Congress of the Confederation , the sole governing body of the first cen... | [
"As a delegate to the Continental Congress , he signed the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation ."
] | [
"Timothy Pickering ( July 17 , 1745 - January 29 , 1829 ) was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles , most notably as the third United States Secretary of State , serving in that office from 1795 to 1800 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams ."
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During an Avatar : The Last Airbender episode , titled `` The Tales of Ba Sing Se '' ( episode 15 of the second season ) , which comprises several small stories about the main characters , there is a segment titled , `` The Tale of Iroh . '' | [
"During an Avatar : The Last Airbender episode , titled `` The Tales of Ba Sing Se '' , which comprises several small stories about the main characters , there is a segment titled , `` The Tale of Iroh . ''"
] | [
"Although many are unsure of Po 's gender , or consider her to be male ( possibly because of her scarlet color and tomboyish antics ) , she is clearly referred to as female in several episodes , such as `` Dad 's Portrait '' ( Episode 216 , first broadcast 1998 ) and `` Numbers : 2 '' ( Episode 30 ) ."
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Mako Iwamatsu , born Makoto Iwamatsu ( 10 December 1933 â `` 21 July 2006 ) , was a Japanese-American actor . | [
"Mako Iwamatsu , born Makoto Iwamatsu ( December 10 , 1933 â `` July 21 , 2006 ) , was a Japanese-American actor ."
] | [
"Arawa Kimura ( July 8 , 1931 -- February 21 , 2007 ) was a Japanese football player ."
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Mako died in Somis , California on 21 July 2006 , aged 72 , from esophageal cancer . | [
"Mako died in Somis , California on July 21 , 2006 , aged 72 , from esophageal cancer ."
] | [
"Two former members died within a few years of each other in the early 2000s ; Joe Nanini died of a brain hemorrhage on December 4 , 2000 , and Marc Moreland died of kidney and liver failure on March 13 , 2002 ."
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Brig is a part of the canton of Valais , Switzerland . | [
"The district of Brig is a district in the canton of Valais , Switzerland ."
] | [
"The district of Sierre is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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There are no thru roads to Juneau . | [
"The only airport in Juneau is Juneau International Airport ."
] | [
"There are four main highways that lead into Managua ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Goms is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland . | [
"The district of Goms is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland ."
] | [
"The district of Sierre is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In the Lord of the Rings , however , elves were described as human sized ( and if anything taller ) , hence changing the description of elves . | [
"This prompts Grimm to assume a tripartite division of light elves , dark elves and black elves , of which only the latter are identical with dwarves , while the dark elves are an intermediate class , `` not so much downright black , as dim , dingy '' . In support of such an intermediate class between light elves ,... | [
"Unlike the depiction in other mythologies , these are anatomically identical to land-bound humans , differing only in their ability to breathe and live underwater ."
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Moonspell 's first EP was Under the Moonspell , which was released in 1994 . | [
"Moonspell is a Portuguese heavy metal band from Brandoa , Lisbon . Formed in 1992 , the group released their first EP Under the Moonspell in 1994 , a year before the release of their first album Wolfheart ."
] | [
"A second studio album , Guilty Pleasure , was released in 2009 ."
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He spent most of his childhood in Trieste . | [
"They were often touring during his childhood , and he was brought up in Trieste for the most part ."
] | [
"She has spent much of her adult life in the entertainment industry ."
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During World War I , Busoni lived first in Bologna , where he was director of the conservatory , and later in ZÃ 1\/4 rich . | [
"During World War I , Busoni lived first in Bologna , where he directed the conservatory , and later in ZÃ 1\\/4 rich ."
] | [
"It was created in 1923 in memory of Georg BÃ 1\\/4 chner and was only given to artists who came from or were closely tied to BÃ 1\\/4 chner 's home of Hesse ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ferruccio Busoni was born in Empoli in Tuscany in Italy . His parents were both musicians . | [
"Ferruccio Busoni was born in Empoli in Tuscany in Italy , the only child of two professional musicians ."
] | [
"Antonio Pappano ( born 30 December 1959 , Epping , England ) is a British conductor and pianist of Italian parentage . Pappano 's family relocated to England from Castelfranco in Miscano near Benevento , Italy in 1958 and at the time of his birth his parents worked in the restaurant business , but Pasquale Pappano... | SimpleWiki | {
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Ferruccio Busoni ( born 1 April ; died 27 July 1924 ) was an Italian composer , pianist , teacher and conductor . | [
"Ferruccio ( Dante Michelangelo Benvenuto ) Busoni ( April 1 , 1866 -- July 27 , 1924 ) was an Italian composer , pianist , editor , writer , piano and composition teacher , and conductor ."
] | [
"Artur Schnabel ( April 17 , 1882 â `` August 15 , 1951 ) was an Austrian classical pianist , who also composed and taught ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Robert Johnson , born Robert Leroy Johnson ( May 8 , 1911 â `` August 16 , 1938 ) is one of the most famous Delta blues musicians . | [
"Robert Leroy Johnson ( May 8 , 1911 â `` August 16 , 1938 ) was an American blues singer and musician ."
] | [
"Etta Baker ( March 31 , 1913 â `` September 23 , 2006 ) was a Piedmont blues guitarist and singer from North Carolina , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Eleven grammophone records were made by Robert Johnson with Vocalion during his lifetime , and a twelfth record was made once he had died . | [
"Eleven Johnson 78s were released on the Vocalion label during his lifetime , with a twelfth issued posthumously . All songs are copyrighted to Robert Johnson , and his estate ."
] | [
"Very little is known for certain about his life , other than he tutored Charlie Patton in the ways of the blues . There have been suggestions that he moved to Chicago shortly after World War I. There are no recordings of him ."
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He was born in Hazlehurst , Mississippi . He was the 11th child of his mother Julia Major Dodds , and 10th child of his father Charles Dodds . | [
"Julia herself left Hazlehurst with baby Robert , but after some two years , sent him to live in Memphis with Dodds , who had changed his name to Charles Spencer ."
] | [
"Daisy Kennedy , was born in Washington , D.C. on January 4 , 1879 , and was the daughter of a former American slave ."
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Backlash ( 2004 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on April 18 , 2004 at the Rexall Place in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . | [
"Backlash ( 2004 ) was the sixth annual Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It took place on April 18 , 2004 at the Rexall Place in Edmonton , Alberta and was a Raw brand-exclusive event ."
] | [
"Perry Arthur Satullo ( born October 25 , 1966 ) is an American retired professional wrestler , better known by his ring name , Perry Saturn . Since debuting in 1990 , Saturn wrestled for Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Donegal is a town in County Donegal , Republic of Ireland . | [
"Donegal , usually referred to as Donegal Town is a town in County Donegal , Ireland ."
] | [
"Dungannon is a town in Scott County , Virginia , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists are the plants involved were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae . | [
"Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists : the plants involved were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae ."
] | [
"Sepiadariidae contains seven species and 2 genera ; all the rest are in Sepiidae ."
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The family is native to Australia , and contains 16 species in four genera . | [
"The family is endemic to Australia , and comprises 16 species in four genera ."
] | [
"There are about 180 species of honeysuckle , 100 of which occur in China ; Europe and North America have only about 20 native species each ."
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Fregià court is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland . | [
"Fregià court is a village and a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Coeuve is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Couvrelles is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Couvrelles is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It belongs to the Carme group , made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165 Â . | [
"It belongs to the Carme group , made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165 Â ."
] | [
"S\\/2007 S 2 is about 6 kilometres in diameter , and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 16,560,000 kilometres in 792.96 days , at an inclination of 176.68 Â to the ecliptic , in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.218 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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is about 1 kilometre in diameter , and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,858,000 km in 752.839 days , at an inclination of 165 Â to the ecliptic ( 165 Â to Jupiter 's equator ) , with an eccentricity of 0.276 . | [
"is about 1 kilometre in diameter , and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,858 Mm in 752.839 days , at an inclination of 165 Â to the ecliptic ( 165 Â to Jupiter 's equator ) , in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.276 ."
] | [
"As the rotational axis of the Earth is not perpendicular to its orbital plane , the equatorial plane is not parallel to the ecliptic plane , but makes an angle of about 23 Â 26 ' , which is known as the axial tilt ( or obliquity of the ecliptic ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003 . | [
"It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003 ."
] | [
"7066 Nessus ( ; from ) is a centaur ( a type of icy planetoid ) that was discovered by David L. Rabinowitz , working with Spacewatch , at Kitt Peak on 26 April 1993 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The feathers of the flightless Velociraptor may have been used for display , for covering their nests while brooding . | [
"The feathers of the flightless Velociraptor may have been used for display , for covering their nests while brooding , or for added speed and thrust when running up inclined slopes ."
] | [
"The large spikes were probably used between males in contests of strength to defend territory or gain mates ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Therefore , the feathers in the ancestors of Velociraptor had another function . | [
"The fact that the ancestors of Velociraptor were feathered and possibly capable of flight long suggested to paleontologists that Velociraptor bore feathers as well , since even flightless birds today retain most of their feathers ."
] | [
"However , the Charonosaurus and Saurornithoides are forced to share the cave with each other , even though they are mortal enemies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Turner and colleagues interpreted the presence of feathers on Velociraptor as evidence that the ancestors of dromaeosaurids could fly , making Velociraptor and other large members of this family secondarily flightless . | [
"Turner and colleagues interpreted the presence of feathers on Velociraptor as evidence against the idea that the larger , flightless maniraptorans lost their feathers secondarily due to larger body size . Furthermore , they noted that quill knobs are almost never found in flightless bird species today , and that t... | [
"Sinovenator was a primitive troodontid , and shares features with the most primitive dromaeosaurids and Avialae , one of the first fossil specimens conclusively demonstrating the common inheritance of these three groups ( together known as Paraves ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Most of the continental crust is much older . | [
"In contrast , the bulk of the continental crust is much older ."
] | [
"As noted before , mudrocks make up fifty percent of the Earthâ s sedimentary geological record . They are widespread on Earth , and important for various industries ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Such old continental crust and the mantle below it are less dense than other places in the earth . | [
"Such old continental crust and the underlying mantle asthenosphere are less dense than elsewhere in the earth and so are not readily destroyed by subduction ."
] | [
"As noted before , mudrocks make up fifty percent of the Earthâ s sedimentary geological record . They are widespread on Earth , and important for various industries ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The Earth 's mantle and crust formed about 100 million years after the formation of the planet , about 4.6 billion years ago . | [
"Partly by analogy to what is known about our Moon , Earth is considered to have differentiated from an aggregate of planetesimals into its core , mantle and crust within about 100 million years of the formation of the planet , 4.6 billion years ago ."
] | [
"In our solar system , core size can range from about 20 % ( the Moon ) to 75 % of a planet 's radius ( Mercury ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The upper part of the mantle is made up of peridotite , a rock denser than rocks common in the crust . | [
"The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite , a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust ."
] | [
"Mafic lava , before cooling , has a low viscosity , in comparison to felsic lava , due to the lower silica content in mafic magma ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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The temperature of the crust increases with depth . Where the crust meets the mantle the temperatures can be between 200 Â C ( 392 Â F ) to 400 Â C ( 752 Â F ) . | [
"The temperature of the crust increases with depth , reaching values typically in the range from about 200 Â C ( 392 Â F ) to 400 Â C ( 752 Â F ) at the boundary with the underlying mantle ."
] | [
"The average temperature of the water in these hot springs is 50 Â C ( 122 Â F ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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A few zircons at least 4.3 billion years old have been found in the Narryer Gneiss Terrane . | [
"A few zircons with ages as great as 4.3 billion years have been found in the Narryer Gneiss Terrane ."
] | [
"Fossils have been recovered from the U.S. states of Montana , Wyoming , and Oklahoma , in rocks of the Cloverly Formation and Antlers Formation , though teeth that may belong to Deinonychus have been found much farther east in Maryland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates that can move . | [
"Because of convection in the underlying plastic ( although non-molten ) upper mantle and asthenosphere , the lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates that move ."
] | [
"Because the top of the continental crust is above that of the oceanic , water runs off the continents and collects above the oceanic crust . The continental crust and the oceanic crust are sometimes called sial and sima respectively ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The making of new continental crust is linked to times of major orogeny or mountain building . This happens at the same time as the formation of the supercontinents such as Rodinia , Pangaea and Gondwana . | [
"Formation of new continental crust is linked to periods of intense orogeny or mountain building ; these periods coincide with the formation of the supercontinents such as Rodinia , Pangaea and Gondwana ."
] | [
"In paleogeography , Laurasia was the northernmost of two supercontinents ( the other being Gondwana ) that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from approximately ( Mya ) . It separated from Gondwana ( the late Triassic era ) during the breakup of Pangaea , drifting further north after the split ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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The crust forms in part by the coming together of island arcs including granite and metamorphic fold belts . They are kept together partly by the using up of the mantle below the crust , which makes a mantle on which the crust can float . | [
"The crust forms in part by aggregation of island arcs including granite and metamorphic fold belts , and it is preserved in part by depletion of the underlying mantle to form buoyant lithospheric mantle ."
] | [
"The outliers are essentially pieces of the Arnhem Land plateau that have become separated from the plateau complex by erosion ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The continental crust is thicker , and the oceanic crust is thinner . | [
"Because the top of the continental crust is above that of the oceanic , water runs off the continents and collects above the oceanic crust . The continental crust and the oceanic crust are sometimes called sial and sima respectively ."
] | [
"Most crustal rocks formed before 2.5 billion years ago are located in cratons ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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They are kept together partly by the using up of the mantle below the crust , which makes a mantle on which the crust can float . | [
"Both the continental and oceanic crust `` float '' on the mantle ( see isostasy ) ."
] | [
"The water , having been separated from the air , leaves the camera aeolis at the same rate as it enters ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Most crustal rocks formed before 2.5 billion years ago are in cratons . | [
"Most crustal rocks formed before 2.5 billion years ago are located in cratons ."
] | [
"When the Archean began , the Earth 's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today , and it was still twice the current level at the transition from the Archean to the Proterozoic ( 2,500 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Earth 's crust is less than 1 % of Earth 's volume . | [
"Earth 's crust occupies less than 1 % of Earth 's volume ."
] | [
"If a solid object after all , would be 3 â ' 5 km in diameter based on brightness , and might be a shepherd satellite for the outer edge of Saturn 's F ring ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The crust has two different parts . One is the continental crust ( under the land ) and the other is oceanic crust ( under the ocean ) . | [
"The oceanic crust of the sheet is different from its continental crust ."
] | [
"The largest and highest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau , called the `` roof of the world '' , which is still being formed by the collisions of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates . In all the Tibetan plateau covers an area of some 2.5 million square kilometres which is approximately 5000 ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The oldest oceanic basalt crust today is only about 200 million years . | [
"The Earth has probably always had some form of basaltic crust , but the age of the oldest oceanic crust today is only about 200 million years ."
] | [
"The average thickness of the planet 's crust is about 50 km , with a maximum thickness of 125 km ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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} |
Below the crust is the mantle . | [
"The crust is underlain by the mantle ."
] | [
"; Intense heat The heat needed for geyser formation comes from magma that needs to be near the surface of the earth ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The oldest continental crustal rocks on Earth are between 3.7 to 4.28 billion years old . These have been found in the Narryer Gneiss Terrane in Western Australia , in the Acasta Gneiss in the Northwest Territories on the Canadian Shield , and on the Fennoscandian Shield . | [
"The oldest continental crustal rocks on Earth have ages in the range from about 3.7 to 4.28 billion years and have been found in the Narryer Gneiss Terrane in Western Australia , in the Acasta Gneiss in the Northwest Territories on the Canadian Shield , and on other cratonic regions such as those on the Fennoscand... | [
"The name combines the names of Laurentia , the name given to the North American craton , and Eurasia . As suggested by the geologic naming , Laurasia included most of the landmasses which make up today 's continents of the Northern Hemisphere , chiefly Laurentia ( i.e. the core North American continent ) , Baltica... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The crust and the upper mantle make up the lithosphere . | [
"The crust and underlying relatively rigid uppermost mantle make up the lithosphere ."
] | [
"As a result , oceanic lithosphere is much younger than continental lithosphere : the oldest oceanic lithosphere is about 170 million years old , while parts of the continental lithosphere are billions of years old ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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} |
Hexham Abbey is an Anglican church in the town of Hexham , Northumberland , dedicated to St Andrew . | [
"Hexham Abbey is a place of Christian worship dedicated to St Andrew and located in the town of Hexham , Northumberland , in northeast England ."
] | [
"Consett is a town in the northwest of County Durham , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Religion:",
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There has been a church on this site for over 1300 years since Etheldreda , Queen of Northumbria , made a grant of lands c. 674 . | [
"There has been a church on the site for over 1300 years since Etheldreda , Queen of Northumbria made a grant of lands to Wilfrid , Bishop of York c. 674 ."
] | [
"In England the Viking Age began dramatically on June 16 , 793 when Vikings destroyed the abbey on Lindisfarne , a center of learning famous across the continent ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Benedictine abbey was built almost entirely of stones from nearby Roman ruins . The Saxon crypt still remains ; as does a frith stool , a 7th\/8th century ` cathedra ' or throne . | [
"Of Wilfrid 's Benedictine abbey , which was constructed almost entirely of material salvaged from nearby Roman ruins , the Saxon crypt still remains ; as does a frith stool , a 7th\\/8th century cathedra or throne ."
] | [
"In some Romanesque or Gothic monasteries , the entrance to the chapter house constitutes a veritable faà ade in miniature , with a door surrounded by highly decorated archivolts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The east end was rebuilt in 1860 , and the rest of the Abbey was largely rebuilt around 1900 . | [
"The east end was rebuilt in 1860 ."
] | [
"This organ ( apart from the large transept case and pedal pipes ) was removed in 2006 in order to make way for a new instrument by Kenneth Tickell , which was completed in the summer of 2008 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
The choir , north and south transepts and the cloisters date from this period . | [
"The choir , north and south transepts and the cloisters , where canons studied and meditated , date from this period ."
] | [
"This double foundation was the model for Eton College and King 's College , Cambridge some 50 years later ( a sod of earth and a number of scholars from Winchester were sent to Eton for its foundation ) , and for Westminster School , Christ Church , Oxford and Trinity College , Cambridge in Tudor times ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The present church is from that period ( c. 1170 â `` 1250 ) , in the Early English ( Gothic ) style of architecture . | [
"The current church largely dates from that period ( c. 1170 â `` 1250 ) , in the Early English style of architecture ."
] | [
"The most significant and characteristic development of the Early English period was the pointed arch known as the lancet ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The nave was re-consecrated in 1908 . | [
"The nave was re-consecrated on August 8 , 1908 ."
] | [
"The east end was rebuilt in 1860 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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His son Eilaf II completed the work probably building in the Norman style . | [
"His son Eilaf II completed the work , probably building in the Norman style ."
] | [
"In the 16th century , the bridge was rebuilt in stone ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
In Norman times , the old abbey was replaced by an Augustinian priory . | [
"In Norman times , Wilfrid 's abbey was replaced by an Augustinian priory ."
] | [
"St. Olave 's Church , Gatcombe was dedicated in 1292 , serving as chapel to Gatcombe Manor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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This mammoth project involved re-building the nave , whose walls include some of the earlier church . | [
"This mammoth project involved re-building the nave , whose walls incorporate some of the earlier church and the restoration of the choir ."
] | [
"The eastern end has retained much original glass , which is rare in England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
F.C. Tokyo is a football club which plays in Japan . | [
"F.C. Tokyo is a Japanese association football club playing in J. League Division 2 . Its hometown is Tokyo prefecture ."
] | [
"Yasuhito Morishima is a Japanese football player who currently plays for Oita Trinita in the J. League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:"
} |
The World Conservation Union ( IUCN ) has worked out that endangered species are 40 % of all organisms . | [
"The International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has calculated the percentage of endangered species as 40 percent of all organisms based on the sample of species that have been evaluated through 2006 ."
] | [
"To this day , about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea , and there are probably others yet unidentified ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
He also helped start the cognitive revolution in psychology through his review of B. F. Skinner 's Verbal Behavior . | [
"In 1959 , Chomsky published a widely influential review of B. F. Skinner 's theoretical book Verbal Behavior . In this review and other writings , Chomsky broadly and aggressively challenged the behaviorist approaches to studies of behavior and language dominant at the time , and contributed to the cognitive revol... | [
"Stanley Smith Stevens ( 4 November 1906 -- 18 January 1973 ) was an American psychologist who founded Harvard 's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory and is credited with the introduction of Stevens ' power law ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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According to the Arts and Humanities Citation Index in 1992 , Chomsky was cited as a source more often than any other living scholar during the 1980 â `` 1992 time period . | [
"According to the Arts and Humanities Citation Index in 1992 , Chomsky was cited as a source more often than any other living scholar from 1980 to 1992 ."
] | [
"Following his retirement , he went on to publish more than 200 articles , in a variety of journalsâ '' more than some reputable scientists publish in their entire careers ; 14 of his 25 books were published after he was 65 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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His natural approach to the study of language also changed the philosophy of language and mind . | [
"His naturalistic approach to the study of language has influenced the philosophy of language and mind ."
] | [
"Capra is purportedly setting the grounds for change in many new theories , one of which is the living systems theory , a theoretical framework for ecology ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Because of that , Chomsky became more widely known for his media criticism and politics . He is a key intellectual figure within the left wing of United States politics . | [
"In the political arena , Chomsky 's status as a key intellectual figure within the American left wing has also resulted in criticism and led to a number of notable controversies ."
] | [
"Today , the rebellion remains controversial , and is frequently mentioned by specialists in black and colonial studies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Chomsky created the theory of generative grammar . | [
"In the 1950s , Chomsky began developing his theory of generative grammar , which has undergone numerous revisions and has had a profound influence on linguistics ."
] | [
"StanisÅ aw LeÅ niewski and Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz were inspired by Husserl 's formal analysis of language . Accordingly , they employed phenomenology in the development of categorial grammar ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Avram Noam Chomsky ( born December 7 , 1928 ) is an American linguist , philosopher , political activist , author , and lecturer . | [
"Avram Noam Chomsky ( ; born December 7 , 1928 ) , known as Noam Chomsky , is an American linguist , philosopher , cognitive scientist , and political activist ."
] | [
"Jon Stewart ( born Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz ; November 28 , 1962 ) is an American political satirist , writer , television host , actor , media critic and stand-up comedian ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Katsuyuki Kawachi ( born 27 April 1955 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Katsuyuki Kawachi ( born April 27 , 1955 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Ahn Sun-Jin ( born September 19 , 1975 ) is a former South Korean football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria , and thus they grow in chains or pairs , hence the name from Greek Ï Ï Ï Î Ï Ï Î Ï streptos , meaning easily bent or twisted , like a chain ( twisted chain ) . | [
"Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria , and thus they grow in chains or pairs , hence the name -- from Greek Ï Ï Ï Î Ï Ï Î Ï streptos , meaning easily bent or twisted , like a chain ( twisted chain ) ."
] | [
"A sporangium ( pl . , sporangia ) ( modern Latin , from Greek spora â sporeâ + angeion â vessel . â ) is an enclosure in which spores are formed ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Streptococci are oxidase and catalase-negative , and many are facultative anaerobes . | [
"Streptococci are oxidase - and catalase-negative , and many are facultative anaerobes ."
] | [
"Acinetobacter baumannii is a species of pathogenic bacteria , referred to as an aerobic gram-negative bacterium , that is resistant to most antibiotics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Ryuta Hara ( born 19 April 1981 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Ryuta Hara is a retired Japanese footballer ."
] | [
"Takashi Sambonsuge ( born June 5 , 1978 ) is a Japanese football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Sports:"
} |
Ann Coulter ( born December 8 , 1961 ) is from the United States . | [
"Ann Hart Coulter ( born December 8 , 1961 ) is an American lawyer , conservative social and political commentator , author , and syndicated columnist ."
] | [
"James Christopher Read ( born July 31 , 1953 ) is an American actor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
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