query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
In 1955 , Art showed Gumbasia to movie producer Sam Engel , who then paid him for a 15 minute film called Gumby Goes to the Moon . | [
"In 1955 Clokey showed Gumbasia to movie producer Sam Engel , who encouraged him to develop his technique by adding figures ."
] | [
"Cagney Productions was not a great success , however , and in 1953 , after William Cagney produced his last film , A Lion Is in the Streets , the company ended ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Female actress ' voiced Gumby . New episodes were added in 1962 , and Dallas McKennon became the voice of Gumby . | [
"Dallas McKennon returned as the voice of Gumby in new adventures that would take Gumby and his pals beyond their toyland-type setting and establish themselves as a rock band ."
] | [
"debuted in 1964 , the series has had many different theme music versions , most of them composed by show creator Merv Griffin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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New episodes were added in 1962 , and Dallas McKennon became the voice of Gumby . | [
"New episodes were added from 1961 to 1963 , at which time Dallas McKennon became the voice of Gumby ."
] | [
"In addition to being used as a tag for his entrance on CBS episodes he hosted , Steve Allen 's composition `` This Could Be the Start of Something '' was used as the opening theme in 1972 arranged by Edd Kalehoff for Score Productions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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During cell division , DNA is replicated and can be transmit to offspring during reproduction . | [
"During cell division , DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction ."
] | [
"His main contribution was the germ plasm theory , according to which ( in a multicellular organism ) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cellsâ '' the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Biological cells , in suitable environments , reproduce by cell division . | [
"Biological cells , given suitable environments , reproduce by cell division ."
] | [
"Molecular biology chiefly concerns itself with understanding and the interactions between the various systems of a cell , including the interactions between the different types of DNA , RNA and protein biosynthesis as well as learning how these interactions are regulated ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On June 24 2010 , the newest version of iPhone ( iPhone 4 ) was released . | [
"The iPhone 4 has two cameras for FaceTime video calling and a higher-resolution display . It was released on June 24 , 2010 ."
] | [
"After eighteen months of development , the project made its first stable release available for free download on November 29 , 2006 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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At first , only people in the United States who paid Cingular\/AT & T for their mobile phones could buy the iPhone , starting on June 29 , 2007 . In November 2007 , Apple took the iPhone to a few new countries in Europe . | [
"The first iPhone was unveiled on January 9 , 2007 , and released on June 29 , 2007 ."
] | [
"The Xbox Live Vision Camera was announced at E3 2006 and released in North America on September 19 , 2006 , following a 1-month pre-launch period in which Toys `` R '' Us stores in New York City and Los Angeles sold them to build up hype ."
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On June 17 , 2009 , Apple released the iPhone 3GS . The iPhone 3GS is faster than the iPhone 3G . | [
"In Germany , the iPhone 3GS or iPhone 4 may be purchased without a SIM-lock directly from Apple ."
] | [
"Apple develops its own operating system to run on Macs , Mac OS X , the latest version being Mac OS X v10 .6 Snow Leopard . Apple also independently develops computer software titles for its Mac OS X operating system ."
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There have been four types of iPhone . | [
"There are four generations of iPhone models , and they were accompanied by four major releases of iOS ( formerly iPhone OS ) ."
] | [
"There are numerous variations on these positions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The iPhone 3GS is faster than the iPhone 3G . | [
"In China , the iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS were built and distributed without Wi-fi ."
] | [
"In September 2009 , Apple discontinued the original 40 GB Apple TV and now continues to produce and sell the 160 GB Apple TV . On September 1 , 2010 , alongside the release of the new line of iPod devices for the year , Apple released a completely redesigned Apple TV ."
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On July 11 , 2008 , Apple said that they would sell a better iPhone , called the iPhone 3G . | [
"On July 11 , 2008 , Apple released the iPhone 3G in twenty-two countries , including the original six ."
] | [
"The 2008 version was announced on August 28 , 2007 , adding support for Windows Vista 64-bit ."
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The contract also says the iPhone may only be used on their network . However , some people do not like that , so they `` unlock '' their iPhone so it can be used with other carriers . | [
"The iPhone may also be purchased through three of the four major German mobile network carriers ."
] | [
"A hybrid mobile phone can take more than one SIM card , even of different types ."
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Apple now sells the iPhone 3G in more than 75 countries . | [
"Apple released the iPhone 3G in upwards of eighty countries and territories ."
] | [
"The device was announced in the United States on 20 October 2009 , and was released 30 November 2009 for ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna ( 2 November 1755 â `` 16 October 1793 ) , widely known as Marie Antoinette , was an Archduchess of Austria and the queen of France and Navarre . | [
"Marie Antoinette ( or ; ; Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna ; 2 November 1755 â `` 16 October 1793 ) was an Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France and of Navarre ."
] | [
"He was born in Munich . He was the eldest son of Maximilian I , Elector of Bavaria - whom he succeeded , and his second wife Maria Anna of Austria , daughter of the emperor Ferdinand II , Holy Roman Emperor ."
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Talais is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Talais is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Laurent-d ` Arce is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
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Sà # o Tomà and Prà ncipe is formed by two volcanic islands - the biggest of which is S. Tomà - and several islets , and is located in the Gulf of Guinea , off the Western equatorial coast of Africa . | [
"Sà # o Tomà and Prà ncipe , officially the Democratic Republic of Sà # o Tomà and Prà ncipe , is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea , off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa ."
] | [
"Cabo Engaà o is the easternmost point of the island of Hispaniola , on the territory of the Dominican Republic ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Both islands belong to the Cameroon volcanic mountain line . | [
"Both are part of the Cameroon volcanic mountain line , which also includes the islands of Annobà n to the southwest , Bioko to the northeast ( both part of Equatorial Guinea ) , and Mount Cameroon on the African west coast ."
] | [
"land Islands form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Democratic Republic of Sà # o Tomà and Prà ncipe is the second smallest african country , formed by two islands : Sà # o Tomà , and Prà ncipe . | [
"Sà # o Tomà and Prà ncipe is divided into 2 provinces : Prà ncipe , Sà # o Tomà ."
] | [
"Important as a port , Sà # o Tomà is located on Ana Chaves Bay in the northeast of Sà # o Tomà Island , and Ilhà u das Cabras lies nearby offshore ."
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The Porguese arrived in Sà # o Tomà Island on December 21 , 1471 and Prà ncipe Island on January 17 , 1492 . | [
"The dates of discovery are sometimes given as December 21 ( St Thomas 's Day ) , 1471 for Sà # o Tomà , and January 17 ( St Anthony 's Day ) , 1472 for Prà ncipe , though other sources give different nearby years ."
] | [
"The vessel in which he sailed was compelled by stress of weather to put in at Vega de Navia ( now A Veiga ) in Asturias , and there he died on November 27 , 1811 ."
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William Xavier Barbosa ( born 22 September 1983 ) is a Brazilian football player . | [
"William Xavier Barbosa , or William , ( born 22 September 1983 in Campo Grande ) is a Brazilian footballer ."
] | [
"Paulo Henrique ( born 21 February 1972 ) is a Brazilian footballer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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How much sleep is enough also depends on age . Children need more sleep than adults . | [
"Homeostatic sleep propensity ( the need for sleep as a function of the amount of time elapsed since the last adequate sleep episode ) must be balanced against the circadian element for satisfactory sleep ."
] | [
"Iron is particularly important for adolescents and pregnant women , whose requirements for it are increased ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Both humans and many animals sleep about once a day . Some animals , such as cats , sleep many times a day for short periods . | [
"Some societies display a fragmented sleep pattern in which people sleep at all times of the day and night for shorter periods ."
] | [
"Several studies have concluded that many or most people experience sleep paralysis at least once or twice in their lives ."
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Examples of sleep disorders are narcolepsy , sleep apnea and circadian rhythm sleep disorders . | [
"Homeostatic sleep propensity ( the need for sleep as a function of the amount of time elapsed since the last adequate sleep episode ) must be balanced against the circadian element for satisfactory sleep . Along with corresponding messages from the circadian clock , this tells the body it needs to sleep ."
] | [
"An antidepressant is a psychiatric medication used to alleviate mood disorders , such as major depression and dysthymia and anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder ."
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Newborn babies sleep about 18 hours per day . | [
"Children need more sleep per day in order to develop and function properly : up to 18 hours for newborn babies , with a declining rate as a child ages . A newborn baby spends almost 9 hours a day in REM sleep ."
] | [
"Heat periods occur about every two weeks and last about 4 to 7 days ."
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Yielden is a village in Bedfordshire that can be found near the borders with Northamptonshire and Cambridgeshire . | [
"Yielden is a village in Bedfordshire , near the borders with Northamptonshire and Cambridgeshire ."
] | [
"To the east of Hertfordshire is Essex , to the west is Buckinghamshire and to the north are Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire ."
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Tony Popovic ( born 4 July 1973 ) is a former Australian football player . | [
"Anthony Popovic ( ; born 4 July 1973 in Sydney , Australia ) is a Croatian Australian former football player ."
] | [
"Robert Earnshaw ( born on 6 April 1981 ) is a Wales international football player ."
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Due to contract issues with Geffen Records , Willard could not do recording on the album and later decided to leave the band and continue his duties in Angels & Airwaves full time while former Face to Face drummer Pete Parada joined the band just in time for the tour . | [
"Due to contract issues with Geffen Records , Willard was not permitted to do recording on the album and later decided to leave the band and continue his duties in Angels & Airwaves full time while former Face to Face drummer Pete Parada joined the band just in time for the tour ."
] | [
"Wind-up issued a press release on May 17 , 2007 , stating that two Dark New Day members , drummer Will Hunt and guitarist Troy McLawhorn , would be joining the band to replace LeCompt and Gray . It was initially stated that Hunt and McLawhorn would tour with Evanescence until the end of the Family Values Tour in S... | SimpleWiki | {
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Rise and Fall , Rage and Grace is the eighth album by American punk rock band The Offspring , released in 2008 . | [
"Rise and Fall , Rage and Grace is the eighth studio album by American punk rock band The Offspring , released on June 17 , 2008 in the United States and a week earlier in Japan ."
] | [
"Chase This Light is the sixth studio album by American alternative rock band Jimmy Eat World , released on October 16 , 2007 through Interscope ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It had divided the country , the government , and even Bowell 's own Cabinet . | [
"The issue had divided the country , the government , and even Bowell 's own Cabinet ."
] | [
"Strong 's endorsement of left-wing causes set her apart from her colleagues on the school board ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He was a skilled and hardworking administrator . He later became Minister of Trade and Commerce . | [
"A competent , hardworking administrator , Bowell remained in Cabinet as Minister of Trade and Commerce , a newly made portfolio , after he became a Senator that same year ."
] | [
"He held this position until 1978 when he stepped down to become undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution ."
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Tupper had been Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom . | [
"Tupper , who had been Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom , had been recalled by the plotters to replace Bowell ."
] | [
"From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations ."
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In 1890 Manitoba stopped giving money to Catholic schools . This was the opposite of an earlier law called in the Manitoba Act of 1870 . | [
"In 1890 Manitoba had abolished public funding of its Catholic schools , contrary to the provisions made for Catholics in the Manitoba Act of 1870 ."
] | [
"In 1774 , the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act through which the Quebec people obtained their first Charter of Rights ."
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As Prime Minister , Bowell faced the difficult Manitoba Schools Question . | [
"As Prime Minister , Bowell faced the troublesome Manitoba Schools Question ."
] | [
"With the election of Lincoln , the Civil War broke out ."
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He became printer and editor with that newspaper , and later its owner . | [
"He became a successful printer and editor with that newspaper , and later its owner ."
] | [
"As the work demands limited his time for writing , Hughes quit the position to work as a busboy in a hotel ."
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His visit to Australia in 1893 led to the first meeting of British colonies and territories . It was held in Ottawa in 1894 . | [
"His visit to Australia in 1893 led to the first conference of British colonies and territories , held in Ottawa in 1894 ."
] | [
"Western Australia finally agreed to join the Commonwealth in time for it to be an original member of the Commonwealth of Australia , which was officially established on 1 January 1901 ."
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Sir Mackenzie Bowell , PC , KCMG ( 27 December 1823 â `` 10 December 1917 ) was the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from 21 December 1894 to 27 April 1896 . | [
"É l ; December 27 , 1823 â `` December 10 , 1917 ) was a Canadian politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21 , 1894 to April 27 , 1896 ."
] | [
"George Leake CMG ( posthumous ) QC ( 3 December 1856 -- 24 June 1902 ) was Premier of Western Australia from 27 May 1901 to 21 November 1901 , and again from 23 December 1901 until his death on 24 June 1902 ."
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Bowell called them `` a nest of traitors '' . | [
"Though Bowell denounced them as `` a nest of traitors , '' he had to agree to resign ."
] | [
"It is popularly translated as `` seize the day '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bowell was the Conservative leader until 1906 . He stayed in the Senate until his death . | [
"Bowell stayed on in the Senate , serving as his party 's leader there until 1906 , and afterward as a plain Senator until his death ."
] | [
"In 1951 , he again became Prime Minister , before retiring in 1955 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1832 his family moved to Belleville , Ontario . He started work helping the printer at the town newspaper , The Intelligencer . | [
"In 1832 his family emigrated thence to Belleville , Ontario , where he apprenticed with the printer at the town newspaper , The Belleville Intelligencer ."
] | [
"Wilson began to read the law at the office of John Dickinson a short time later ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bowell was elected to the House of Commons in 1867 , as a Conservative , for North Hastings , Ontario . | [
"Bowell was first elected to the House of Commons in 1867 , as a Conservative , for the riding of North Hastings , Ontario ."
] | [
"Lafontaine joined the WASG on June 18 , 2005 and was selected to head their list for the 2005 Federal Election in North Rhine-Westphalia on the same day ."
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In 1878 he became Minister of Customs . | [
"In 1878 , with the Conservatives again governing , he joined the cabinet as Minister of Customs ."
] | [
"In 1790 he was elected United States Senator ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bowell 's descendants live in Hertfordshire , England . | [
"Bowell 's descendants live in Hertfordshire , England and Ontario , Canada ."
] | [
"Dysart acquired two nicknames : `` Salt Burgh '' and `` Little Holland '' as a result ."
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He was buried in the Belleville Cemetery . | [
"He died of pneumonia in Belleville , only days short of turning 94 , and was buried in the Belleville Cemetery ."
] | [
"St. Anne 's was built in the town of Clinton ."
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He was a Freemason and an Orangeman , becoming Grandmaster of the Orange Order of British North America , 1870 â `` 1878 . | [
"He was a Freemason but also an outstanding Orangeman , becoming Grandmaster of the Orange Order of British North America , 1870 â `` 1878 ."
] | [
"He was born into slavery ; his parents were owned by Edward B. Dudley the Governor of North Carolina from 1836 to 1841 ."
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Bowell other political leaders could not solve the problem . | [
"Bowell and his predecessors had struggled to solve this problem ."
] | [
"Both , however , died in office ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bowell was the second of two Canadian Prime Ministers to serve in the Senate rather than the House of Commons . | [
"Bowell thus became the second of just two Canadian Prime Ministers to hold that office while serving in the Senate rather than the House of Commons ."
] | [
"They were elected in 1978 and re-elected in 1982 , which made Mixson the first Lieutenant Governor of Florida to be elected more than once to that position ."
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In December 1894 the Prime Minister Sir John Thompson died suddenly . Bowell was the most senior Cabinet minister and was appointed Prime Minister by the Governor General . | [
"In December 1894 , Prime Minister Sir John Thompson died suddenly and Bowell , as the most senior Cabinet minister , was appointed in Thompson 's stead by the Governor General ."
] | [
"Clarke holds the position , as did Straw , while serving as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons ; Jack Straw was the first Lord Chancellor since the seventeenth century not to be a peer ."
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Bowell supported a law that would have forced Manitoba to restore funding the Catholic schools . His Cabinet did not agree . | [
"Bowell backed legislation , already drafted , that would have forced Manitoba to restore its Catholic schools , but then postsponed it due to opposition within his Cabinet ."
] | [
"The PPP deal went ahead against his wishes in July 2002 , but it did not diminish Livingstone 's desire to re-join Labor ."
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In the original Valmiki Ramayana , Valmiki wrote that Rama was nothing more than a ideal human being . | [
"Notwithstanding the aforesaid , it is pertinent to note that Valmiki is also quoted to be the contemporary of Rama . Rama met Valmiki during his period of exile and had interacted with each other ."
] | [
"Gardabhilla himself was forgiven though . The defeated king retired to the forest where he was killed by a tiger ."
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Jaleel White ( born November 27 , 1976 ) is an American actor . | [
"Jaleel Ahmad White ( born November 27 , 1976 ) is an American actor and screenwriter ."
] | [
"Dee Bradley Baker ( born August 31 , 1962 ) is an American voice actor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Gifford Pinchot National Forest is a United States National Forest located in Washington , USA . | [
"Gifford Pinchot National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in southern Washington , USA ."
] | [
"The Shining Rock Wilderness is a protected Wilderness Area in the U.S. state of North Carolina ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A buttress can be an inside or outside support . | [
"The word buttress , in a more general sense , means to support ; one might buttress another person 's argument , for instance ."
] | [
"The most common form consists of a handle , shaft and head ."
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Brian Laudrup ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a former Danish football player . | [
"Brian Laudrup ( born 22 February 1969 ) is a Danish former football player and current football commentator , pundit and analyst on TV3 + ."
] | [
"Robert Earnshaw ( born on 6 April 1981 ) is a Wales international football player ."
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"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:",
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Protectionism is no longer popular now . Instead , people support free trade ( the opposite of protectionism where the government makes it easier for the country to trade with other countries ) . | [
"Free trade and protectionism are regional issues ."
] | [
"Mercantilism is an economic theory which holds that the prosperity of a state is dependent upon its supply of capital ; that the global volume of international trade is `` unchangeable ; '' and that one party may benefit only at the expense of another ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Boorowa is a small town in New South Wales . | [
"Boorowa is a farming town in the South West Slopes of New South Wales , Australia ."
] | [
"Nundle is a village in the New England region of New South Wales , Australia ."
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Dumfries , meaning either fort or ridge of the thicket , is a former royal burgh and town within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland and is situated close to the Solway Firth , near the mouth of the River Nith . | [
"Dumfries ( according to one theory from the ) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland . It is near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth ."
] | [
"Stranraer is a town in the south of Scotland in the west of the region of Dumfries and Galloway and in the county of Wigtownshire ."
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Marino Perani ( born 27 October , 1939 ) is a former Italian football player . | [
"Marino Perani ( born 27 October 1939 in Ponte Nossa ) is a retired Italian footballer ."
] | [
"Roberto Tricella ( born 18 March 1959 ) is a former Italian footballer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Kennet Andersson ( born 6 October 1967 ) is a former Swedish football player . | [
"Bernt Kennet Andersson ( born October 6 , 1967 in Eskilstuna ) is a Swedish former football player and a key member of the Swedish national team that finished third in the 1994 World Cup ."
] | [
"Johan Mjà llby ( born 9 February 1971 ) is a Swedish former footballer ."
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The JGF is led by Tipu Biswas . | [
"JGF is led by Tipu Biswas ."
] | [
"Mr. Mohammed Kazam Ali Khan is the founder and President of ANC ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The JGF used to be part of the Workers Party of Bangladesh but split from them in 1995 . | [
"JGF split from Workers Party of Bangladesh in 1995 ."
] | [
"The party membership was largely absorbed by the Republican Party in 1854 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The Jatiyo Gano Front ( National People 's Front ) is a left-wing political group in Bangladesh . | [
"Jatiyo Gano Front ( National People 's Front ) is a leftist political group in Bangladesh ."
] | [
"The Union for a Popular Movement , also known as Union for a People 's Movement ( , UMP ) is a centre-right political party in France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Richard III ( 1452 â `` 1485 ) was an English king . He reigned from 1483 until 1485 . | [
"Richard III ( 2 October 1452 -- 22 August 1485 ) was King of England for two years , from 1483 until his death in 1485 during the Battle of Bosworth Field ."
] | [
"Eleanor of Provence ( c. 1223 â `` 24\\/25 June 1291 ) was Queen consort of England as the spouse of King Henry III of England from 1236 until his death in 1272 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about History:"
} |
He was the last English king to die in battle . | [
"The rebels landed troops , composed mainly of mercenaries , and Richard fell in the Battle of Bosworth Field , the last English king to die in battle ( and the only king to die in battle on English soil since Harold II , at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 ) ."
] | [
"He is the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Le Temple , Gironde is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Le Temple is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Bayon-sur-Gironde ( Baion in Occitan ) is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
Andrew William Mellon ( March 24 1855 -- August 27 1937 ) was an American banker who also owned many industrial businesses . He was the Secretary of the Treasury from March 4 1921 until February 12 1932 . | [
"Andrew William Mellon ( March 24 , 1855 -- August 26 , 1937 ) was an American banker , industrialist , philanthropist , art collector and Secretary of the Treasury from March 4 , 1921 until February 12 , 1932 ."
] | [
"James Schoolcraft Sherman ( October 24 , 1855 -- October 30 , 1912 ) was a United States Representative from New York and the 27th Vice President of the United States ( 1909-1912 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Babylon was sacked by the Elamites . | [
"Babylon was sacked by the Elamites under Shutruk-Nahhunte , and lost control of the Diyala valley ."
] | [
"Zoroastrianism was the state religion of the Sassanid dynasty which lasted until 651 , when Persia was conquered by the forces of Islam ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
There also seems to have been widespread migration of the Aramaeans â `` possibly from the South-East . | [
"There also seems to have been widespread migration of the Aramaeans - possibly from the South-East ."
] | [
"Hurri is a state along with Mitanni of the more inclusive `` Hurri lands , '' which many scholars locate in Armenia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Hattusa , the Hittite capital , was burned and abandoned , and never reoccupied . | [
"Hattusas , the Hittite capital , was burned and abandoned , and never reoccupied ."
] | [
"Tehran was well known as a village in the 9th century , but was less well-known than the city of Rhages ( Ray ) which was flourishing nearby in the early era ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Ammurapi stresses the seriousness of the crisis faced by many Near Eastern states from invasion by the advancing Sea Peoples in a dramatic response to a plea for assistance from the king of Alasiya ( Cyprus ) : | [
"Ammurapi stresses the seriousness of the crisis faced by many Near Eastern states from invasion by the advancing Sea Peoples in a dramatic response to a plea for assistance from the king of Alasiya ."
] | [
"Eventually , in the twenty-first year of his reign ( 1258 BCE ) , Ramesses decided to conclude an agreement with the new Hittite king at Kadesh , Hattusili III , to end the conflict ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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When a map of earthquake occurrence is superimposed on a map of the sites destroyed in the Late Bronze Age , there is a very close correspondence . | [
"He shows that when a map of earthquake occurrence is superimposed on a map of the sites destroyed in the Late Bronze Age , there is a very close correspondence ."
] | [
"The formation of the Mediterranean Sea is a more recent development , and does not mark the northern shore of the African landmass ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geology:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geology:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
In complex societies which were increasingly fragile , this combination of factors may have contributed to the collapse . | [
"In complex societies which were increasingly fragile and less resilient , this combination of factors may have contributed to the collapse ."
] | [
"According to this view , alterations in the patterns and content of worship would necessarily reflect a change in the faith itself ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
In the Middle East , a variety of factors â '' including population growth , soil degradation , drought , cast bronze weapon and iron production technologies â '' could have combined to push the relative price of weaponry ( compared to arable land ) to a level unsustainable for traditional warrior aristocracies . | [
"In the specific context of the Middle East , a variety of factors â '' including population growth , soil degradation , drought , cast bronze weapon and iron production technologies â '' could have combined to push the relative price of weaponry ( compared to arable land ) to a level unsustainable for traditional ... | [
"The effect of circumstances on manorial economy is complex and at times contradictory : upland conditions tended to preserve peasant freedoms ( livestock husbandry in particular being less labour-intensive and therefore less demanding of villein services ) ; on the other hand , some upland areas of Europe showed s... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about History:"
} |
The gradual end of the Dark Age saw the rise of settled Neo-Hittite Aramaean kingdoms of the mid-10th century BCE , and the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire . | [
"The gradual end of the Dark Age that ensued saw the rise of settled Neo-Hittite Aramaean kingdoms of the mid-10th century BCE , and the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire ."
] | [
"Settlement was concentrated in cities along the coastal plain and along major communication routes ; the central and northern hill country which would later become the biblical kingdom of Israel was only sparsely inhabited although letters from the Egyptian archives indicate that Jerusalem was already a Canaanite ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Indo-European tribes such as the Phrygians , Thracians , Macedonians and Dorian Greeks seem to have arrived at this time â `` possibly from the north . | [
"Indo-European tribes such as the Phrygians , Thracians , Macedonians and Dorian Greeks seem to have arrived at this time - possibly from the north ."
] | [
"Her father was the ruler of a city called either under his name , as `` Tantalis '' or `` the city of Tantalus '' , or as `` Sipylus '' , in reference to Mount Sipylus at the foot of which his city was located and whose ruins were reported to be still visible in the beginning of the 1st century AD , although few t... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Several cities were destroyed , Assyria lost northwestern cities which were reconquered by Tiglath-Pileser I after his ascension to kingship . | [
"The cities of Norsuntepe , Emar and Carchemish were destroyed , Assyria lost northwestern cities to Mushki , which were reconquered by Tiglath-Pileser I after his ascension to kingship ."
] | [
"In order to consolidate its position , Elam tried to start a war between Hammurabi 's Babylonian kingdom and the kingdom of Larsa . Hammurabi and the king of Larsa made an alliance when they discovered this duplicity and were able to crush the Elamites , although Larsa did not contribute greatly to the military ef... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The sacking and burning of the sites of Enkomi , Kition , and Sinda may have happened twice , before they were abandoned . | [
"The catastrophe separates Late Cypriot II ( LCII ) from the LCIII period , with the sacking and burning of the sites of Enkomi , Kition , and Sinda , may have occurred twice , before being abandoned ."
] | [
"Every important Anatolian site during the preceding Late Bronze Age shows a destruction layer , and it appears that here civilization did not recover to the same level as that of the Hittites for another thousand years ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Ultimate reasons for these migrations could include drought , developments in warfare\/weaponry , earthquakes or other natural disasters . This means that the migrations theory is not incompatible with the other theories mentioned here . | [
"Ultimate reasons for these migrations could include drought , developments in warfare\\/weaponry , earthquakes or other natural disasters , meaning that the Migrations theory is not necessarily incompatible with the other theories mentioned here ."
] | [
"In some cases this is due to the dearth of fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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Such new weaponry , used by a proto-hoplite model of infantry able to withstand attacks of massed chariotry , would destabilize states that were based upon the use of chariots by the ruling class . This precipitated an abrupt social collapse as raiders and\/or infantry mercenaries began to conquer , loot , and burn the... | [
"Such new weaponry , furnished to a proto-hoplite model of infantry which was able to withstand attacks of massed chariotry , would destabilize states that were based upon the use of chariots by the ruling class and precipitate an abrupt social collapse as raiders and\\/or infantry mercenaries began to conquer , lo... | [
"Settlement was concentrated in cities along the coastal plain and along major communication routes ; the central and northern hill country which would later become the biblical kingdom of Israel was only sparsely inhabited although letters from the Egyptian archives indicate that Jerusalem was already a Canaanite ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Evidence at Ugarit shows that the destruction there occurred after the reign of Merenptah . | [
"Evidence at Ugarit shows that the destruction there occurred after the reign of Merenptah , and even the fall of Chancellor Bay ."
] | [
"In the central highlands this resulted in unification in a kingdom with the city of Samaria as its capital , possibly by the second half of the 10th century BCE when an inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Shoshenq I , the biblical Shishak , records a series of campaigns directed at the area ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
A cuneiform tablet found in 1986 shows that Ugarit was destroyed after the death of Merneptah , about 1178 BC . | [
"A cuneiform tablet found in 1986 shows that Ugarit was destroyed after the death of Merneptah ."
] | [
"Hattusili was a commander of Hittite forces during the famous Battle of Kadesh against Egypt in 1274 BC ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Earthquakes tend to occur in sequences or ` storms ' , where a major earthquake above 6.5 on the Richter magnitude scale can set off later earthquakes along the weakened fault line . | [
"Amos Nur postulates that earthquakes tend to occur in `` sequences '' or `` storms '' where a major earthquake above 6.5 on the Richter magnitude scale can in later months or years set off second or subsequent earthquakes along the weakened fault line ."
] | [
"The National Earthquake Information Center ( NEIC ) in Golden , Colorado on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines detects the location and magnitude of global earthquakes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The Hekla 3 eruption was about this time , and is dated at 1159 BC by Egyptologists and British archeologists . | [
"The Hekla 3 eruption approximately coincides with this period and , while the exact date is under considerable dispute , has been specifically dated to 1159 BCE by Egyptologists ."
] | [
"Khaba is believed to have reigned a relatively brief four years between 2640 to 2637 BC , although these dates are highly conjectural , based on what scant evidence exists of this early king ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
It was a period associated with the collapse of central authority , a depopulation , particularly of urban areas , the loss of literacy in Anatolia and the Aegean , and its restriction elsewhere , the disappearance of established patterns of long-distance international trade , and increasingly vicious struggles for pow... | [
"As part of the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age Dark Ages , it was a period associated with the collapse of central authorities , a general depopulation , particularly of highly urban areas , the loss of literacy in Anatolia and the Aegean , and its restriction elsewhere , the disappearance of established patterns o... | [
"In areas which were previously under Sassanid Persian or Byzantine rule , the Caliphs lowered taxes , provided greater local autonomy ( to their delegated governors ) , greater religious freedom for Jews , and some indigenous Christians , and brought peace to peoples demoralized and disaffected by the casualties a... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Leonard R. Palmer suggested that iron , whilst inferior to bronze weapons , was in more plentiful supply and so allowed larger armies of iron users to overwhelm the smaller armies of bronze-using chariotry . | [
"Leonard R. Palmer suggested that iron , whilst inferior to bronze weapons , was in more plentiful supply and so allowed larger armies of iron users to overwhelm the smaller armies of bronze-using maryannu chariotry ."
] | [
"While technologically and culturally the city dwellers were more advanced , they could do little militarily to defend against the mounted hordes of the steppe ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
1230 BC by the Sea Peoples and ca . | [
"1230 BCE by the Sea Peoples and ca ."
] | [
"See also Pharaoh 's Island in the River Thames ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Every important Anatolian site during the preceding Late Bronze Age shows a destruction layer . It appears that civilization did not recover to the same level as that of the Hittites for another thousand years . | [
"Every important Anatolian site during the preceding Late Bronze Age shows a destruction layer , and it appears that here civilization did not recover to the same level as that of the Hittites for another thousand years ."
] | [
"Originating in the eastern Mediterranean coast of the Middle East ( modern Israel and Palestine ) , it quickly spread to Syria , Mesopotamia , Asia Minor and Egypt , it grew in size and influence over a few decades , and by the 4th century had become the dominant religion within the Roman Empire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Robert Drews argues that massed infantry used newly developed weapons and armor .192 ff Cast rather than forged spearheads and long swords , a revolutionizing cut-and-thrust weapon , and javelins were used . The appearance of bronze foundries suggest `` that mass production of bronze artifacts was suddenly important in... | [
"Robert Drews argues that the appearance of massed infantry , using newly developed weapons and armor , such as cast rather than forged spearheads and long swords , a revolutionizing cut-and-thrust weapon , and javelins , and the appearance of bronze foundries , suggest `` that mass production of bronze artifacts w... | [
"Late in this era , use of pottery and loom weaving became common ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Between 1200 and 1150 BC , the cultural collapse of the Mycenaean kingdoms , the Hittite Empire in Anatolia and Syria , and the Egyptian Empire in Syria and Canaan , interrupted trade routes and extinguished literacy . | [
"Between 1206 and 1150 BCE , the cultural collapse of the Mycenaean kingdoms , the Hittite Empire in Anatolia and Syria , and the Egyptian Empire in Syria and Canaan interrupted trade routes and extinguished literacy ."
] | [
"Early in his life , Ramesses II embarked on numerous campaigns to return previously held territories back from Nubian and Hittite hands and to secure Egypt 's borders ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
A letter by the king is preserved on one of the clay tablets found baked in the conflagration of the destruction of the city . | [
"However , a letter by the king is preserved on one of the clay tablets found baked in the conflagration of the destruction of the city ."
] | [
"Naram-Suen rebuilt both the temple and the city walls , and in the accumulation of debris now marking the ancient site , his remains are found about half way from the top to the bottom ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Control of the Babylonian and Assyrian regions extended barely beyond the city limits . | [
"With the spread of Ahhlamu , or Aramaeans , control of the Babylonian and Assyrian regions extended barely beyond the city limits ."
] | [
"The nomes were numbered in a more or less orderly fashion south to north through the Nile delta , first covering the territory on the west before continuing with the higher numbers to the east ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about History:"
} |
1190 BC by Aegean refugees have been proposed . | [
"1190 BCE by Aegean refugees have been proposed ."
] | [
"The origin of the province 's name is uncertain ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In the first phase of this period , almost every city between Troy and Gaza was violently destroyed , and often left unoccupied : examples include Hattusa , Mycenae , Ugarit . | [
"In the first phase of this period , almost every city between Troy and Gaza was violently destroyed , and often left unoccupied thereafter : examples include Hattusa , Mycenae , Ugarit ."
] | [
"Her father was the ruler of a city called either under his name , as `` Tantalis '' or `` the city of Tantalus '' , or as `` Sipylus '' , in reference to Mount Sipylus at the foot of which his city was located and whose ruins were reported to be still visible in the beginning of the 1st century AD , although few t... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
For example , Homer uses `` spears '' as a virtual synonym for `` warrior '' , suggesting the continued importance of the spear in combat . | [
"( For example , Homer uses `` spears '' as a virtual synonym for `` warrior '' , suggesting the continued importance of the spear in combat . )"
] | [
"However , the word `` claw '' is also often used in reference to an invertebrate ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The palace economies of the Aegean and Anatolia of the Late Bronze Age were replaced , eventually , by the village cultures of the Ancient Dark Age . | [
"The palace economies of the Aegean and Anatolia which characterised the Late Bronze Age were replaced , after a hiatus , by the isolated village cultures of the Ancient Dark Age ."
] | [
"Originating in the eastern Mediterranean coast of the Middle East ( modern Israel and Palestine ) , it quickly spread to Syria , Mesopotamia , Asia Minor and Egypt , it grew in size and influence over a few decades , and by the 4th century had become the dominant religion within the Roman Empire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
They see the transition in the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age , as violent , sudden and culturally disruptive . | [
"The Bronze Age collapse is a transition in the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age that some historians believe was violent , sudden and culturally disruptive ."
] | [
"The term and widespread interest in the region itself came back into fashion after the end of the Cold War , which , along with the Iron Curtain , had divided Europe politically into East and West , splitting Central Europe in half ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The common `` Wikimedia Foundation error '' message ( WFEM ) is sometimes called a `` server error '' but might be caused by a recent change which a user made to a current page being shown . | [
"The common `` Wikimedia Foundation error '' message ( WFEM ) is sometimes called a `` server error '' but might be caused by a recent edit which a user made to the current page being displayed ."
] | [
"If an administrator requests more information , indicates that the request is `` not done for now '' , or similar , that administrator may disable the tag to distinguish the request from others pending in this category ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The message is a note that the webpage being processed for display could not be completely formatted within the time allowance . | [
"The message is an indication that the webpage being processed for display could not be completely formatted within the time allotted ."
] | [
"Without cookies , each retrieval of a Web page or component of a Web page is an isolated event , mostly unrelated to all other views of the pages of the same site . Other than being set by a web server , cookies can also be set by a script in a language such as JavaScript , if supported and enabled by the Web brow... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Typically , to be so slow , then an internal template somewhere down the line is being used hundreds of times on one page . | [
"Typically , to be so slow , then an internal template somewhere down the line is being invoked hundreds of times ."
] | [
"But the main performance-gain occurs because there is a good chance that the same datum will be read from cache multiple times , or that written data will soon be read ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
It almost never means that there is a large problem with a real file server at the Wikimedia Foundation , which has been reading the webpage . | [
"It rarely indicates that there is a fatal problem with an actual file server at the Wikimedia Foundation , which has been preparing the webpage ."
] | [
"In such a case , the individual systems can be connected to one proxy server , and the proxy server connected to the main server ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
For more , see : Template or . | [
"For more information , see : Template or ."
] | [
"rhus , Denmark ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
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