query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Although the memory of a recent war divided the empire into two great hostile powers , their fears and the fading authority of Galerius produced an apparent tranquility in the imperial government . | [
"And though the opposition of interest , and the memory of a recent war , divided the empire into two great hostile powers , their mutual fears and the fading authority of Galerius produced an apparent tranquility in the imperial government ."
] | [
"by H. Bengtson , Stuttgart 1954 ) that the reign of Antoninus comprised `` a succession of grossly wasted opportunities , '' given the upheavals that were to come ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A survey was taken of their estates ; and , wherever there was the slightest suspicion of concealment , torture was used to obtain a sincere declaration of their personal wealth . | [
"A very minute survey was taken of their real estates ; and , wherever there was the slightest suspicion of concealment , torture was used to obtain a sincere declaration of their personal wealth ."
] | [
"It is not the creature of State legislatures ; nay , more , if the whole truth must be told , the people brought it into existence , established it , and have hitherto supported it , for the very purpose , amongst others , of imposing certain salutary restraints on State sovereignties . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 298 Galerius got reinforcements from the Danube in the Spring . He led the army to attack Narseh in northern Mesopotamia , and Narseh retreated to Armenia . | [
"Narseh did not advance from Armenia and Mesopotamia , leaving Galerius to lead the offensive in 298 with an attack on northern Mesopotamia via Armenia ."
] | [
"Persia occupies Byzantine Mesopotamia , Syria , Palestine , Egypt and the Transcaucasus , before being driven to withdraw to pre-war frontiers by Byzantine counter-offensive"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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p17p292\/3 The message conveyed was clear : the loss at Carrhae was not due to the failings of the empire 's soldiers , but due to the failings of their commander , and Galerius ' failures would not be accepted . | [
"The message conveyed was clear : the loss at Carrhae was not due to the failings of the empire 's soldiers , but due to the failings of their commander , and Galerius ' failures would not be accepted ."
] | [
"Although ambitious and greedy , Otho did not have a record for tyranny or cruelty and was expected to be a fair emperor ; however , trouble in the form of Vitellius was marching down on Italy from Germany ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Messimy-sur-Sa à ne is a commune . | [
"Messimy-sur-Sa à ne is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | [
"Saint-Andr à - de-B à cents gà is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
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Misawa was also known as Tiger Mask II . | [
"From 1984 until 1990 , Misawa wrestled as the second generation Tiger Mask , as All Japan Pro Wrestling had purchased the rights of the Tiger Mask gimmick from New Japan Pro Wrestling ."
] | [
"Yokoi was married ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Considered one of the best wrestlers in professional wrestling history , Misawa was a five-time AJPW Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion , three-time GHC Heavyweight Champion and was named Wrestler of the Year by Wrestling Observer Newsletter three times ; in which Meltzer has also given Misawa the most 5-Star rated matches in professional wrestling history with 24 all together . | [
"Considered one of the best wrestlers in professional wrestling history , Misawa was a five-time AJPW Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion , three-time GHC Heavyweight Champion ( as well as the inaugural champion ) and was named Wrestler of the Year by Wrestling Observer Newsletter on three occasions ; in which he has... | [
"Kurt Steven Angle ( born December 9 , 1968 ) is an American professional wrestler , actor and 1996 Olympic gold medalist . He is currently under contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , where he is a former four-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion , and recognized by the promotion as a 14-time World Champion... | SimpleWiki | {
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He was pronounced dead in the hospital at 10:10 p.m. | [
"He was pronounced dead in the hospital at 10:10 p.m. JST ."
] | [
"The crime occurred in St. Louis , Missouri on the afternoon of June 26 , 1980 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ko Arima ( born 22 August 1917 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Ko Arima is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Tadao Horie ( September 13 , 1913 -- March 29 , 2003 ) was a Japanese football player and manager ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Mikio Manaka ( born 22 May 1969 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Mikio Manaka ( born 22 May , 1969 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Ahn Sun-Jin ( born September 19 , 1975 ) is a former South Korean football player ."
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Fra Angelico ( c. 1385 - February 18 , 1455 ) , was an Italian Early Renaissance painter . Giorgio Vasari , who wrote the Lives of the Artists said he had `` a rare and perfect talent '' . | [
"Fra Angelico ( c. 1395 â `` February 18 , 1455 ) , born Guido di Pietro , was an Early Italian Renaissance painter described by Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having `` a rare and perfect talent '' ."
] | [
"Leonardo was a contemporary of Botticelli , Domenico Ghirlandaio and Perugino , who were all slightly older than he was ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1447 Fra Angelico went to the city of Orvieto with his pupil , Benozzo Gozzoli , to paint some pictures for the Cathedral there . | [
"In 1447 Fra Angelico was in Orvieto with his pupil , Benozzo Gozzoli , executing works for the Cathedral ."
] | [
"In 1436 Dufay composed the festive motet Nuper rosarum flores , one of his most famous compositions , which was sung at the dedication of Brunelleschi 's dome of the cathedral in Florence , where Eugene lived in exile ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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People who knew him when he was older called him Fra Giovanni da Fiesole ( Brother John from Fiesole ) . When Giorgio Vasari wrote about him in Lives of the Artists , in the 1500s , he was already known as Fra Giovanni Angelico ( Brother Giovanni who is like an Angel ) . | [
"He was known to his contemporaries as Fra Giovanni da Fiesole ( Brother John from Fiesole ) and by Vasari as Fra Giovanni Angelico ( Brother John the Angelic One ) ."
] | [
"Leonardo was a contemporary of Botticelli , Domenico Ghirlandaio and Perugino , who were all slightly older than he was ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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From 1449 until 1452 , Fra Angelico was back at his old convent of Fiesole , where he was the Prior ( the head man ) . | [
"From 1449 until 1452 , Fra Angelico was back at his old convent of Fiesole , where he was the Prior ."
] | [
"On his death the work continued under his assistant Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola with Giorgio Vasari appointed by Pope Pius V as a watchdog to make sure that Michelangelo 's plans were carried out exactly . Despite Vignola 's knowledge of Michelangelo 's intentions , little happened in this period ."
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In 1445 , Pope Eugenius IV sent a message for Fra Angelico to come to Rome to paint the frescoes of the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament at St Peter 's . | [
"In 1445 Pope Eugenius IV summoned him to Rome to paint the frescoes of the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament at St Peter 's , later demolished by Pope Paul III ."
] | [
"Because of these interruptions , Michelangelo worked on the tomb for 40 years . The tomb , of which the central feature is Michelangelo 's statue of Moses , was never finished to Michelangelo 's satisfaction ."
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Between 1418 and 1436 , Fra Angelico painted an altarpiece for the church in Fiesole , which has been damaged . | [
"Between 1418 and 1436 he was at the convent of Fiesole where he also executed a number of frescoes for the church , and the Altarpiece , deteriorated but restored . A predella of the Altarpiece remains intact in the National Gallery , London which is a superb example of Fra Angelico 's ability ."
] | [
"In 1436 Dufay composed the festive motet Nuper rosarum flores , one of his most famous compositions , which was sung at the dedication of Brunelleschi 's dome of the cathedral in Florence , where Eugene lived in exile ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Fra Angelico has been known by many different names . When he was born , he was called Guido di Pietro . | [
"Fra Angelico was born Guido di Pietro at Rupecanina , in the Tuscan area of Mugello , near Fiesole towards the end of the 14th century and died in Rome in 1455 ."
] | [
"Uccello was married to Tomassa Malifici by 1453 , because in that year Donato ( named after Donatello ) was born , and in 1456 his wife gave birth to Antonia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Vasari says that one of the popes ( it might have been Eugenius or Pope Nichoas V ) asked Fra Angelico if he would like the very important job of Archbishop of Florence . But Fra Angelico did not want such a high job and he suggested the name of another friar for the position . | [
"Vasari claims that at this time Fra Angelico was offered by Pope Nicholas V the Archbishopric of Florence , and that he refused it , recommending another friar for the position ."
] | [
"There is a legend that it was Benedetto Gaetani 's doing that Celestine V renounced the papacyâ '' convincing Celestine V that no person on the earth could go through life without sin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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People who knew him when he was older called him Fra Giovanni da Fiesole ( Brother John from Fiesole ) . | [
"He was a member of the Dominican community at Fiesole ."
] | [
"Uccello was married to Tomassa Malifici by 1453 , because in that year Donato ( named after Donatello ) was born , and in 1456 his wife gave birth to Antonia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1455 , Fra Angelico went back to Rome , probably to look at the work in Pope Nicholas ' Chapel . | [
"In 1455 Fra Angelico died while staying at a Dominican Convent in Rome , perhaps in order to work on Pope Nicholas ' Chapel ."
] | [
"On his death the work continued under his assistant Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola with Giorgio Vasari appointed by Pope Pius V as a watchdog to make sure that Michelangelo 's plans were carried out exactly . Despite Vignola 's knowledge of Michelangelo 's intentions , little happened in this period ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Hermanville-sur-Mer is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Hermanville-sur-Mer is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Notre-Dame-de-Livaye is a commune in the department of Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
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It is in Fulton County . | [
"It is the county seat of Fulton County ."
] | [
"It passed through Nampa ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hickman is a city in Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Hickman is a city in Fulton County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Meadowview Estates is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hickman had a population of 2,560 at the 2000 census . | [
"The population was 2,560 at the 2000 census ."
] | [
"Brookings is the fourth largest city in South Dakota , with a population of 22,056 at the 2010 census ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Charles of Egmond ( 9 November 1467 â `` June 30 1538 ) was the Duke of Guelders , an influential Dutch nobleman of the late 15th and early 16th century . | [
"Charles of Egmond ( 9 November 1467 in Grave , North Brabant â `` 30 June 1538 ) was Duke of Guelders , Count of Zutphen between 1492 and his death ."
] | [
"Louise Henriette de Bourbon ( 20 June 1726 â `` 9 February 1759 ) , Mademoiselle de Conti at birth , was a French princess , who , by marriage , became Duchess of Chartres ( 1743 â `` 1752 ) , then Duchess of Orlà ans ( 1752 â `` 1759 ) upon the death of her father-in-law ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Literature:"
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Reggio Calabria ( it : Reggio Calabria ) is an Italian city in Calabria of 190,127 inhabitants and about 390,000 people live around Reggio Calabria . | [
"Reggio di Calabria ( ; Calabrian dialect : RÃ ggiu , Greek-Calabrian : Righi , Greek : , Rhegion , Latin : Rhegium ) , commonly known as Reggio Calabria or Reggio , is a city and comune located in Calabria , southern Italy , and is the capital of the Province of Reggio Calabria ."
] | [
"Joaà aba is a city situated in the state of Santa Catarina , Brazil , with approximately 25,000 inhabitants ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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National Democrats ( Swedish : Nationaldemokraterna ) is a minor political party in Sweden . It was formed in October 2001 . | [
"The National Democrats ( Nationaldemokraterna , ND ) is a minor political party in Sweden , formed by a faction of the Sweden Democrats in October 2001 ."
] | [
"The Alliance for the Future of Austria , abbreviated to BZÃ -- , is a right-wing liberal political party in Austria which was led JÃ rg Haider until his death on October 11 , 2008 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Irondino Ferreira Neto ( born 23 July 1975 ) is a Brazilian football player . | [
"Irondino Ferreira Neto or simply Dininho ( born July 23 , 1975 in Itapagipe-MG ) , is a Brazilian central defender ."
] | [
"Alcindo Sartori ( born 21 October 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Tonka is a company for children 's trucks . | [
"In 1964 , Tonka acquired the Mell Manufacturing Company in Chicago , Illinois , allowing Tonka to expand into producing barbecue grills , eventually under the `` Tonka Firebowl '' label ."
] | [
"There are several blimps worldwide ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ron Simmons ( born May 15 , 1958 ) is an American retired professional wrestler and retired American football player . | [
"Ron Simmons ( born May 15 , 1958 ) is an American semi-retired professional wrestler and retired American football player ."
] | [
"Charles `` Charlie '' Doyle Haas II ( born March 27 , 1972 ) is an American professional wrestler and former collegiate amateur wrestler ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Peterson is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Peterson is a city in Clay County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is the home of a famous school , Marlborough College . | [
"Marlborough College boarding school is on the west side of the town ."
] | [
"In its first few years of existence it was known as Count Nostitzâ s Theatre ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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RÃ union national football team is the national football team of RÃ union . | [
"The Rà union national football team is the regional team of the French overseas department and region of Rà union and is controlled by the Ligue Rà unionnaise de Football , local branch of the Federation Franà aise de Football ."
] | [
"The Singapore national football team is the national association football team of Singapore ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The official language is Lao , a language belonging to the Tai language group . | [
"The official and dominant language is Lao , a tonal language of the Tai linguistic group ."
] | [
"Like the other languages of South India , it is a Dravidian language , unrelated to the Indo-European languages of northern India ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Dave Jauss ( born January 16 , 1957 ) is the bench coach for the New York Mets . | [
"David Patrick Jauss ( born January 16 , 1957 in Chicago , Illinois ) is a baseball coach who is currently the bench coach for the New York Mets , wearing number 56 ."
] | [
"Michael John `` Mike '' Sweeney ( born July 22 , 1973 in Orange , California ) is a former Major League Baseball first baseman ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He has also been the bench coach for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Baltimore Orioles . | [
"In the 2008-2009 seasons , he was the bench coach for the Baltimore Orioles . Jauss left as the Orioles bench coach after the 2009 season"
] | [
"Lemon has also been a member of the San Diego Chargers , Miami Dolphins , Jacksonville Jaguars and Baltimore Ravens ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Adair is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Adair is a city in Adair and Guthrie Counties in the U.S. state of Iowa ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Jinnah International Airport previously Quaid-e-Azam International Airport ( IATA : KHI , ICAO : OPKC ) is Pakistan 's largest international and domestic airport . | [
"Jinnah International Airport ( previously Quaid-e-Azam International Airport ) is Pakistan 's largest international and domestic airport ."
] | [
"Midway Airport is the second largest passenger airport in the Chicago metropolitan area , as well as the state of Illinois , after Chicago O'Hare International Airport ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Burundi national football team is the national football team of Burundi . | [
"The Burundi national football team , nicknamed Les Hirondelles ( The Swallows ) , is the national team of Burundi and is controlled by the National Football Association of Burundi ( FFB ) ."
] | [
"The Singapore national football team is the national association football team of Singapore ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It can only be found in Japan . | [
"It is endemic to Japan ."
] | [
"It is better known as a walk ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Amber-coloured Salamander ( Hynobius stejnegeri ) is a kind of salamander in the Hynobiidae family of animals . | [
"The Amber-coloured Salamander ( Hynobius stejnegeri ) is a species of salamander in the Hynobiidae family ."
] | [
"The Baltistan toad , Bufo latastii , is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Because of habitat loss , it is losing its place to live . | [
"It is threatened by habitat loss ."
] | [
"They are equally common in both Australia and New Zealand , and very common in Canada ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The phrase Grand Cross is used to describe the highest grade in many types of knighthood . | [
"The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood ."
] | [
"The generic term is employed in a variety of specific contexts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Sometimes the person with the highest grade are called `` knights grand cross '' or just `` grand crosses '' . | [
"Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to `` knights grand cross '' or just `` grand crosses '' ; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called `` the grand cross '' ."
] | [
"Its basic meaning is `` someone who relieves a commander '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In those cases the rank of grand cross may come after another rank , but before the highest grade . | [
"In those cases the rank of grand cross may come after another rank ( e.g. the Portuguese Order of Saint James of the Sword ) ."
] | [
"For each subsequent act of valor , the recipient was awarded a bar to the medal ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In some orders , the highest grade may be called the `` grand cordon '' , `` grand collar '' or something like this . | [
"Alternatively , in some other orders , the highest grade may be called the `` grand cordon '' , `` grand collar '' etc. ."
] | [
"In 1793 , during the French Revolution , the rank of field marshal was replaced by the rank of brigade general . The rank insignia of field marshal was two stars ( one star being used for a senior colonel rank ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They are found mostly in the plane of the Milky Way , and there are more and more the closer you get to the center of the Milky Way . | [
"They are found mostly near the plane of the Milky Way , with the greatest concentration near the galactic center ."
] | [
"The Galactic Halo extends outward , but is limited in size by the orbits of two Milky Way satellites , the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds , whose perigalacticon is at about 180000 l. At this distance or beyond , the orbits of most halo objects would be disrupted by the Magellanic Clouds , and the objects wo... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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We now know of about 3,000 of these nebulae in our galaxy , compared to 200 billion stars . | [
"About 3000 planetary nebulae are now known to exist in our galaxy , out of 200 billion stars ."
] | [
"It is the deepest image of the universe ever taken , looking back approximately 13 billion years ( between 400 and 800 million years after the Big Bang ) , and it will be used to search for galaxies that existed at that time ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This is why people called them ` planetary nebula ' . We still call them this even though we know they are not planets . | [
"To early observers with low-resolution telescopes , M27 and subsequently discovered planetary nebulae somewhat resembled the giant planets like Uranus , and William Herschel , discoverer of this planet , eventually coined the term ` planetary nebula ' for them , although , as we now know , they are very different ... | [
"It may be an extinct comet , and may be the source of some meteor showers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They are named this because they look like planets through small optical telescopes . | [
"This name originated with their first discovery in the 18th century because of their similarity in appearance to giant planets when viewed through small optical telescopes , and is otherwise unrelated to the planets of the solar system ."
] | [
"However , during an eclipse , with so much of the Sun covered , it is easier and more tempting to stare at it ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This meant that they were caused by a star 's outer layers being thrown into space at the end of its life . | [
"This led to the idea that planetary nebulae were caused by a star 's outer layers being thrown into space at the end of its life ."
] | [
"Most observed white dwarfs have relatively high surface temperatures , between 8,000 K and 40,000 K. A white dwarf , though , spends more of its lifetime at cooler temperatures than at hotter temperatures , so we should expect that there are more cool white dwarfs than hot white dwarfs ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The stars in planetary nebulae are very hot . | [
"The central stars of planetary nebulae are very hot ."
] | [
"These three white dwarfs , the first discovered , are the so-called classical white dwarfs . , p. 2 Eventually , many faint white stars were found which had high proper motion , indicating that they could be suspected to be low-luminosity stars close to the Earth , and hence white dwarfs ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Astronomers saw that all planetary nebulae are expanding . | [
"Spectroscopic observations show that all planetary nebulae are expanding ."
] | [
"These three white dwarfs , the first discovered , are the so-called classical white dwarfs . , p. 2 Eventually , many faint white stars were found which had high proper motion , indicating that they could be suspected to be low-luminosity stars close to the Earth , and hence white dwarfs ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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The sun 's core is about 15 million K. When it runs out of hydrogen , the smaller core will cause it to rise to about 100 million K. | [
"Currently the sun 's core has a temperature of approximately 15 million K , but when it runs out of hydrogen , the compression of the core will cause the temperature to rise to about 100 million K."
] | [
"Most of the matter in the star is blown away by the supernova explosion ( forming nebulae such as the Crab Nebula ) and what remains will be a neutron star ( which sometimes manifests itself as a pulsar or X-ray burster ) or , in the case of the largest stars ( large enough to leave a stellar remnant greater than ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Helium burning soon forms a core of carbon and oxygen , with both a helium and a hydrogen shell surrounding it . | [
"Helium burning ( fusion of helium nuclei ) soon forms an inert core of carbon and oxygen , with both a helium-burning shell and a hydrogen-burning shell surrounding it ."
] | [
"novae ) is a cataclysmic nuclear explosion caused by the accretion of hydrogen on to the surface of a white dwarf star , which ignites and starts nuclear fusion in a runaway manner ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The first one discovered was the Dumbbell Nebula . | [
"The first planetary nebula discovered was the Dumbbell Nebula in the constellation of Vulpecula , observed by Charles Messier in 1764 and listed as M27 in his catalogue of nebulous objects ."
] | [
"It is a member of the Cybele group located beyond the core of the belt ( see Minor planet groups ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Astronomy:",
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A planetary nebula is a nebula that is made up of gas and plasma . They are made by certain types of stars when they die . | [
"A planetary nebula is an emission nebula consisting of an expanding glowing shell of ionized gas ejected during the asymptotic giant branch phase of certain types of stars late in their life ."
] | [
"Once the hydrogen fuel at the core is exhausted , those stars having at least 0.4 times the mass of the Sun expand to become a red giant , in some cases fusing heavier elements at the core or in shells around the core ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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When its reaches 100 million K , helium begins to fuse into carbon and oxygen . | [
"The core continues to contract and heat up , and when its temperature reaches 100 million K , helium nuclei begin to fuse into carbon and oxygen ."
] | [
"So fusion of lighter nuclei into heavier nuclei leads to loss of mass , even though no nucleons are lost ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The outer layers of the star grow a lot because of the heat of the core , and become much cooler . | [
"The outer layers of the star expand enormously and become much cooler in response to the very high temperature of the core ."
] | [
"As it begins to drop out with the interstellar medium , it slows down before finally ceasing altogether ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Their very short lifetime compared to a star is why there are n't that many compared to stars . | [
"Their very short lifetime compared to total stellar lifetime accounts for their rarity ."
] | [
"Observations have revealed that it is spherical , unlike the irregular shapes of smaller bodies with lower gravity ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It feeds on small terrestrial vertebrates , ground birds and their eggs , arthropods and fish . | [
"Young monitors may be more arboreal but adults mainly hunt on the ground preying mainly on arthropods but also taking small terrestrial vertebrates , ground birds , eggs and fish ."
] | [
"Blue Jays have strong black bills used for cracking nuts and acorns , and for eating corn , grains and seeds , although they also eat insects such as beetles , grasshoppers , and caterpillars ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bengal monitor ( Varanus bengalensis ) , also known as the Common Indian Monitor , is a monitor lizard found throughout Bangladesh , India and Pakistan . | [
"Bengal monitor ( Varanus bengalensis ) or Common Indian Monitor , is a monitor lizard found widely distributed over South Asia ."
] | [
"The Crab-eating Frog ( Fejervarya cancrivora formerly Rana cancrivora ) , is a frog native to south-eastern Asia including the Philippines and more rarely as far west as Orissa in India6 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Lisores is a commune . It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Lisores is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Sainte-Marie-Outre-l ` Eau is a French commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Savas is a commune in the Ardà che dà partement in southern France . | [
"Savas is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Rompon is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
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The era lasted from April 1275 to February 1278 . | [
"This period spanned the years from April 1275 to February 1278 ."
] | [
"He is known to have been a working astronomer at least from 162 to 127 BC ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Kenji was a Japanese era which came after Bun ` ei and before KÅ an . | [
"Kenji is a Japanese era name which followed Bun ` ei and preceded KÅ an ."
] | [
"According to Nihon Shoki , he was the fourth son of Emperor Å jin and the father of Emperors RichÅ `` , Hanzei , and IngyÅ ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Archaeothyris and the other early amniotes lived on the forest floor . | [
"Archaeothyris and the other early amniotes dwelled on the forest ground ."
] | [
"During the Early Cretaceous , new dinosaurs evolved to replace the old ones ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Paleontology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Paleontology:",
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Protoclepsydrops is slightly older , but its status as a synapsid is unclear as the remains are more fragmentary . | [
"( Protoclepsydrops is slightly older , but its status as a synapsid is unclear as the remains are more fragmentary ) ."
] | [
"Additionally , it is apparent that this genus is even rarer than other small theropods , although it was one of the first small theropods described based on reasonably good cranial material ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Archaeothyris belonged to a group of early pelycosaurs that evolved early in the Pennsylvanian . | [
"Archaeothyris belonged to the family Ophiacodontidae , a group of early pelycosaurs that evolved early in the Late Carboniferous ."
] | [
"Materpiscis ( Latin for mother fish ) is a genus of ptyctodontid placoderm ( a class of extinct , superficially shark-like armored fishes ) from the Late Devonian ( about 380 million years ago ) located at the Gogo Formation of Western Australia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Paleontology:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Paleontology:",
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The ` trees ' ( actually giant clubmosses ) were very tall . Some , such as Lepidodendron , were up to 50 m tall . | [
"The `` trees '' ( actually giant club mosses ) were very tall , some , such as Lepidodendron , up to 50 m tall ."
] | [
"One species , Rhamphosuchus crassidens of India , is believed to have grown to an enormous 15 metres ( ~ 50 feet ) or more ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
It lived in the late Carboniferous period , 306 million years ago . | [
"Archaeothyris was a very early mammal-like reptile , which lived in the late Carboniferous period . Dated to 306 million years ago , it is the oldest undisputed synapsid known ."
] | [
"The Blue Lias consists of a sequence of limestone and shale layers , laid down in latest Triassic and early Jurassic times , between 195 and 200 million years ago ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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Ketchup contains the highest concentrations of bioavailable lycopene . | [
"While most green leafy vegetables and other sources of lycopene are low in fats and oils , lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber . Processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice , soup , sauce , and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of bioavailable lycopene fro... | [
"It is a more potent antioxidant than black tea , although black tea has substances which green tea does not such as theaflavin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Sir Edward Richard George `` Ted '' Heath , KG , MBE , PC was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 until 1974 . | [
"Sir Edward Richard George `` Ted '' Heath , KG , MBE , PC ( 9 July 1916 â `` 17 July 2005 ) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( 1970 â `` 1974 ) and as Leader of the Conservative Party ( 1965 â `` 1975 ) ."
] | [
"Leonard James Callaghan , Baron Callaghan of Cardiff , KG , PC ( 27 March 1912 â `` 26 March 2005 ) , was a British Labor politician , who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 and Leader of the Labor Party from 1976 to 1980 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:",
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Centralia is a city of Illinois in the United States . | [
"Centralia is the home of the Centralia Cultural Society ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Marolles-l à s-Bailly is a commune of the Aube dà partement in the north-central part of France . | [
"Marolles-l à s-Bailly is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France ."
] | [
"Ervy-le-Ch à cents tel is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:"
} |
Earmuffs are objects that are made to cover and protect a person 's ears . | [
"Earmuffs are objects designed to cover a person 's ears for protection ."
] | [
"Accessories can add color , style and class to an outfit , and create a certain look , but they can also have a practical function : handbags can be used to carry small items such as cash , hats protect the face in bad weather , and gloves keep hands warm ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Norwalk is a city of Connecticut in the United States . | [
"Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County , Connecticut , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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In 2006 , 84,437 people lived in Norwalk , making it the third largest city in Fairfield County and the sixth largest city in Connecticut . | [
"According to the 2010 U.S. Census , the population of the city is 85,603 , making it the sixth largest city in Connecticut , and the third largest in Fairfield County ."
] | [
"With a 2010 estimated population of 18,801,310 by the United States Census Bureau , it is the fourth most populous state in the country ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It lives in subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland . | [
"Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland ."
] | [
"Cape York Peninsula supports a complex mosaic of intact tropical rainforests , tropical and subtropical grasslands , savannahs , and shrublands tropical savannahs , heath lands , wetlands , wild rivers and mangrove swamps ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
The Black Metaltail ( Metallura phoebe ) is a species of hummingbird . | [
"The Black Metaltail ( Metallura phoebe ) is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family ."
] | [
"The White-dotted Cattleheart ( Parides alopius ) is an endemic Mexican butterfly in the family Papilionidae ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
It can be found in Bolivia and Peru . | [
"It is found in Bolivia and Peru ."
] | [
"It is grown commercially for sugar production ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
To make a shotgun work , gunpowder is lit by a primer inside of a shotgun shell . | [
"Also , many people would likely call a fully automatic shotgun a shotgun , even though legally it would fall into a different category ."
] | [
"Smoke grenades should not be confused with smoke bombs , which are typically started with an external fuse rather than a pin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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} |
A shotgun is a type of gun . To make a shotgun work , gunpowder is lit by a primer inside of a shotgun shell . | [
"The wide range of forms the shotgun can take leads to some significant differences between what is technically a shotgun and what is legally considered a shotgun ."
] | [
"A portion of deliberately deteriorated gunpowder , of such low quality as to make it unusable in firearms , when placed in a heap and ignited , still managed to create a large explosion ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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A shotgun is a type of gun . | [
"Amongst the general populace , any gun that fires shotgun shells could be considered a shotgun ."
] | [
"In essence it is no more than a very large hunting rifle with the same capability of use as any hunting rifle ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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} |
Philippe Senderos ( born 14 February 1985 ) is a Swiss football player . He plays for Everton and Switzerland national team . | [
"Philippe Sylvain Senderos - ( Swiss pronunciation : Sen-Day-Ros ; born 14 February 1985 in Geneva ) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender for Fulham and the Switzerland national football team ."
] | [
"Daniel Munthe Agger ( born 12 December 1984 ) is a Danish footballer , who plays as a central defender for Premier League side Liverpool ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Sports:",
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} |
They were built by laying out stones in a circular pattern . They often look like a wagon wheel laying flat . | [
"Medicine wheels were built by laying out stones in a circular pattern that often looked like a wagon wheel lying on its side ."
] | [
"The most common pattern was a ring of concentric circles in the outskirts of a city that constituted his target ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
They could be large , reaching up to 75 feet across . | [
"The wheels could be large , reaching diameters of 75 feet ."
] | [
"Individual leaves can reach 70 c in length ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Health is `` a state of complete physical , mental , and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity '' , according to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) . Physical is about the body . | [
"Overall health is achieved through a combination of physical , mental , and social well-being , which , together is commonly referred to as the Health Triangle ."
] | [
"Similarly , the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes tobacco use as `` the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Health is `` a state of complete physical , mental , and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity '' , according to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) . | [
"At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , in 1948 , health was defined as `` a state of complete physical , mental , and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity '' ."
] | [
"While officially known as the `` U.S. Postal Service , '' despite the passage of nearly 40 years the public still colloquially refer to it as the `` Post Office '' or `` U.S. Mail ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Pianezzo is a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland . | [
"Pianezzo is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Gudo is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Asclepias verticillata ( Whorled Milkweed or Horsetail Milkweed ) is a particular kind of milkweed used as a medicinal plant . | [
"Asclepias verticillata ( Whorled Milkweed , or Horsetail Milkweed ) is a species of milkweed which is used as a medicinal plant by Native American tribes and in Butterfly gardening ."
] | [
"Gaillardia pulchella ( Firewheel , Indian blanket , Indian Blanketflower , or Sundance ) , is a short-lived perennial or annual flowering plant native to the central United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Malaysia national football team is the national football team of Malaysia . | [
"The Malaysia national football team nicknamed Harimau Malaya , as the Malayan Tiger , is the national team of Malaysia and is controlled by the Football Association of Malaysia ( FAM ) ."
] | [
"The Tuvalu national soccer team is the international football team of Tuvalu ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
The color of the flower can also be called floral lavender . | [
"It applies particularly to the color of the flower of the same name . The web color called lavender is displayed at rightâ '' it matches the color of the very palest part of the lavender flower ; however , the more saturated color shown below as floral lavender more closely matches the average color of the lavende... | [
"These are alike , except for the color of the seed ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Lavender is a light tone of violet . | [
"This color is reproduced at right : it is equivalent to the web color mistakenly called `` Violet '' which is actually a light violet , i.e. , a lavender of medium saturation ( see the colors displayed in the article on violet for a comparison of the so-called web color `` violet '' with the actual color violet , ... | [
"The color byzantium , a dark shade of purple , is displayed at right ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
By 1930 , the book A Dictionary of Color identified three major shades of lavender -- ( floral ) lavender , lavender gray , and lavender blue , and in addition a fourth shade of lavender called old lavender ( a dark lavender gray ) ( all four of these shades of lavender are shown below ) . | [
"By 1930 , the book A Dictionary of Color identified three major shades of lavenderâ '' ( floral ) lavender , lavender gray , and lavender blue , and in addition a fourth shade of lavender called old lavender ( a dark lavender gray ) ( all four of these shades of lavender are shown below ) ."
] | [
"The color byzantium , a dark shade of purple , is displayed at right ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Other shades of lavender can range in hue from pinkish purple through violet to blueish-indigo . They can also range from light and pale to medium and greyish shades . | [
"The term lavender may also be used in general to apply to a wide range of pale , light , medium , or grayish violet colors , as well as some pale or light pinkish , magenta , or purple colors as well as some pale or light blueish-indigo colors ."
] | [
"It seems that this occurred because the color of the fur of the mole can itself exhibit a wide range of shades , from gray through yellowish , brownish , and even purplish ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
By 1955 , the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names listed dozens of different shades of lavender . | [
"By 1955 , the publication of the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names ( a color dictionary used by stamp collectors to identify the colors of stamps ) , now on the Internet , listed dozens of different shades of lavender ."
] | [
"At right is displayed a representation of the color metallic gold ( the color traditionally known as gold ) which is a simulation of the color of the actual metallic element gold itselfâ '' gold shade ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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} |
The name comes from the flower of the lavender plant . Originally , the name lavender only meant the color of this flower . | [
"At right is displayed the color rich lavender , the deep lavender color of the inner part of the flower of the lavender plant ."
] | [
"The plant itself is also valuable for ornamental purposes , and has been known as the `` common garden poppy '' , referencing all the group of poppy plants ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Originally , the name lavender only meant the color of this flower . The color of the flower is still the standard for lavender but there are many other tones of light or medium violet now called lavender also . | [
"This color may also be called light floral lavender as it is the color of the lighter outer part of the actual flower of the lavender plant ."
] | [
"Amaranth is a reddish-rose color that is a representation of the color of the flower of the amaranth plant . The color shown is the color of the red amaranth flower ( the color normally considered amaranth ) , but there are other varieties of amaranth that have other colors of amaranth flowers ; these colors are a... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
The color of the flower is still the standard for lavender but there are many other tones of light or medium violet now called lavender also . | [
"This color may also be called floral lavender . It is a medium violet ."
] | [
"The color varies from location to location , and those from the Kalahari are normally bright uniform yellow or yellow with brown speckles uniformly all over the body ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
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