query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary fiber includes substances like cellulose , wax and lignin , among others . The term `` fiber '' is not the best way to describe it , because many of these substances are not actually fibers . | [
"The term `` fiber '' is something of a misnomer , since many types of so-called dietary fiber are not fibers at all ."
] | [
"Although the words `` oils '' , `` fats '' , and `` lipids '' are all used to refer to fats , `` oils '' is usually used to refer to fats that are liquids at normal room temperature , while `` fats '' is usually used to refer to fats that are solids at normal room temperature ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Dietary fiber is the part of food from plants that can not be digested . | [
"The term `` fiber '' is something of a misnomer , since many types of so-called dietary fiber are not fibers at all . Food sources of dietary fiber are often divided according to whether they provide ( predominantly ) soluble or insoluble fiber ."
] | [
"As people began to eat more easily digested foods , they became less reliant on cellulose-rich plants for energy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia , as you did in ( this edit ) to : . | [
"Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia ."
] | [
"It displays a notice on the page and includes it in the : Category : Human name disambiguation pages , a subcategory of : Category : Disambiguation ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Inappropriate links include links to personal web sites , links to web sites with which you are affiliated , and links that serve as advertising or promotion . | [
"Wikipedia is not a collection of links , nor should it be used for advertising or promotion . Inappropriate links include ( but are not limited to ) links to personal web sites , links to web sites with which you are affiliated , and links that attract visitors to a web site or promote a product ."
] | [
"While objective prose about beliefs , products or services is acceptable , Wikipedia is not intended to be a vehicle for soapboxing , advertising or promotion ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Kleopatra is an unusual object . | [
"Kleopatra has an unusual shape that has been compared to a dog 's bone ."
] | [
"Beautiful , also , is the sun ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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216 Kleopatra is a Main belt asteroid found by Johann Palisa on April 10 , 1880 in Pola . | [
"216 Kleopatra is a trinary main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Johann Palisa on April 10 , 1880 , in Pola ."
] | [
"Hygiea was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on April 12 , 1849 , in Naples , Italy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Its odd shape was revealed by adaptive optics on the ESO 3.6 m telescope at La Silla . | [
"This bilobate shape was revealed by adaptive optics on the ESO 3.6 m Telescope at La Silla , run by the European Southern Observatory ."
] | [
"Established in 1962 with an objective to provide state-of-the-art facilities and access to the Southern Sky to European astronomers , it is famous for building and operating some of the largest and most technologically advanced telescopes in the world , such as the New Technology Telescope ( NTT ) , the telescope ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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By bouncing radar signals off the asteroid , a team of astronomers at the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico were able to develop a more detailed computer model of its shape , which confirmed the dog-bone like shape . | [
"By bouncing radar signals off the asteroid , a team of astronomers at the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico were able to develop a more detailed computer model of its shape , which confirmed the earlier results ."
] | [
"At the time of discovery , Hydra was about 25 percent brighter than its sister moon Nix , which led to the assumption that its diameter was some 10 percent larger ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Saint-Andr à - Lachamp is a commune in the Ardà che dà partement in southern France . | [
"Saint-Andr à - Lachamp is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Tournon-sur-Rh à ne is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Geography:",
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Long Marton is a village and civil parish in Cumbria , England . | [
"Long Marton is a village and civil parish in the Eden District of the English county of Cumbria ."
] | [
"Crosby Ravensworth is a village , civil parish and fell in the Eden District of Cumbria , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Carbon-Blanc is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Carbon-Blanc is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Antoine ( Sent Antà ni in Occitan ) is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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A telephone is an electric tool . Using a telephone , two people who are in different places can talk to each other . | [
"Each telephone line has an identifying number called its telephone number ."
] | [
"Someone 's desire for a slice of pizza , for example , will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Vauxaillon is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Vauxaillon is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Geography:",
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Patrick Zwaanswijk ( born 17 January 1975 ) is a Dutch football player . | [
"Patrick Zwaanswijk ( born 17 January 1975 ) is a Dutch professional footballer currently playing for Central Coast Mariners as a central defender ."
] | [
"Hennie Meijer ( born 17 February 1962 ) is a retired Dutch football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Melano is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland . | [
"Melano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Savosa is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
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Taung Child is believed to have been about three years old at the time of its death . | [
"The Taung Child is believed to have been about 3 years old at the time of its death ."
] | [
"However , the skull is damaged , causing some paleontologists to speculate that it was involved in a fight shortly prior to death ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Examinations of Taung Child compared to that of an equivalent 9-year-old child suggest that A. africanus had a growth rate to adolescence which is about the same as that found in modern apes like chimpanzees rather than that of modern Homo sapiens . | [
"Examinations of the Taung Child fossil compared to that of an equivalent 9-year-old child suggest that A. africanus had a growth rate to adolescence more similar to that of modern apes like chimpanzees ( genus Pan ) than to that of modern Homo sapiens ."
] | [
"Most species of Paranthropus had a brain about 40 percent of the size of a modern human ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was discovered in 1924 by quarryman working for the Northern Lime Company in Taung , South Africa . | [
"It was discovered in 1924 by quarrymen working for the Northern Lime Company in Taung , South Africa ."
] | [
"One of the earliest companies to take advantage of mineral resources around Ripley was the Butterley Company ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was a creature standing 3 ' 6 '' ( 105 cm ) at approximately 20-24 pounds . | [
"It was a creature standing 3 ' 6 '' ( 105 cm ) and weighing about 20 â `` 24 pounds ( 9 â `` 11 kg ) ."
] | [
"Papyrus usually grow 2 â `` 3 meters ( 5 â `` 9 ft ) tall ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Taung Child is a fossil of a skull . | [
"The Taung Child â '' or Taung Baby â '' is the fossilized skull of a young Australopithecus africanus individual ."
] | [
"Homo rhodesiensis ( Rhodesian man ) is a hominin species described from the fossil Kabwe skull ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Raymond Dart , an anatomist at the University of Witwatersrand , received the fossil , recognized its importance and published his discovery in the journal Nature in 1925 , describing it as a new species . | [
"Raymond Dart ( 1893 â `` 1988 ) , an anatomist at the University of Witwatersrand , received the fossil , recognized its importance and published his discovery in the journal Nature in 1925 , describing it as a new species ."
] | [
"The site of Frida Leakey Korongo North ( commonly known as FLK North and named after Louis Leakey 's first wife ) bears the distinction of having the oldest known evidence of Elephant consumption , attributed to Homo ergaster around 1.8 million years ago ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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However intermediate species such as Homo ergaster\/Homo erectus are thought to have gone through growths intermediate between modern humans and apes . | [
"However , intermediate species such as Homo ergaster\\/Homo erectus are thought to have gone through growth rates intermediate between modern humans and apes ."
] | [
"The cranium was the smallest and most primitive Hominina skull ever discovered outside of Africa where typical Hominina , the Australopithecines and early Homo represent two distinctive evolutionary paths sharing a common ancestor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This conclusion was reached by noting similarities in the damage to the skull and eye sockets of the Taung Child to the skulls of primates known to have been killed by modern eagles . | [
"This conclusion was reached by noting similarities in the damage to the skull and eye sockets of the Taung Child with damage to the skulls of modern primates known to have been killed by eagles ."
] | [
"Cut marks found on the bones of wild deer , elephants , rhinoceroses and horses demonstrate that they were butchered ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The British establishment was at the time enamored with the hoax Piltdown man , which had a large brain and ape-like teeth -- the exact opposite of the Taung Child -- and Raymond Dart 's finding was not appreciated for decades . | [
"The British scientific establishment was at the time enamored with the hoax Piltdown Man , which had a large brain and ape-like teeth â `` the exact opposite of the Taung Child â `` and Dart 's interpretation was not appreciated for decades ."
] | [
"In natural philosophy he asserted Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution unswervingly and set about to prove Darwin 's hypothesis that man arose in Africa ; he was also a devout Christian ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The fossil consists of most of the face and mandible with teeth . It also has a natural endocast ( or imprint ) of the braincase . | [
"The fossil consists of most of the face and mandible with teeth and , uniquely , a natural endocast of the braincase ."
] | [
"The type specimen was found in the summer of 1876 in Montana , only about 100 miles from the site of the Battle of the Little Bighorn that June . Although it was not an articulated skeleton , Cope recovered most of the animal ( only the feet were entirely missing ) , including skull material and the base part of a... | SimpleWiki | {
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In early 2006 it was announced that the Taung Child was likely killed by an eagle ( or similar large predatory bird ) . | [
"In early 2006 it was announced that the Taung Child was probably killed by an eagle or similar large predatory bird ."
] | [
"Classically , Gastornis has been depicted as predatory ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Taung Child had a cranial capacity of 340 cc , living mainly in a savanna habitat . | [
"It had a cranial capacity of 340 cc and lived mainly in a savanna habitat ."
] | [
"The implements are at horizons from 95,000 to 13,000 years ago and are associated with ( found in the same stratigraphic layer as ) an elephant of the extinct genus Stegodon ( which was widespread throughout Asia during the Quaternary ) , presumably the prey of LB1 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The evidence has mostly been based on that of Turkana Boy discovered in 1984 . | [
"This conclusion has mostly been based on the Turkana Boy fossil discovered in 1984 ."
] | [
"A Homo habilis skull ( KNM ER 1470 ) and a Homo erectus skull ( KNM ER 3733 ) , discovered in 1972 and 1975 , respectively , were among the most significant finds of Leakey 's earlier expeditions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The default number of columns is 2 , this can be changed by using or etc. | [
"The default number of columns is 2 , this can be changed by or etc."
] | [
"The code should be added at the bottom of the template code , with no space before '' '' ( which would cause extra space on pages where the template is used ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Cape Cod ( or simply the Cape ) is an arm-shaped peninsula located in the eastern part of Massachusetts . | [
"The elevation of Cape Cod is from , at the top of Pine Hill , in the Bourne portion of the Massachusetts Military Reservation to sea level . The body of water located between Cape Cod and the mainland , bordered to the north by Massachusetts Bay , is Cape Cod Bay ; west of Cape Cod is Buzzards Bay ."
] | [
"Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York , United States , just east of Manhattan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Independently , Justus von Liebig also described it . | [
"Independently , Justus von Liebig also described the same compound ."
] | [
"Over the following months , four films in which Monroe featured were released ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Chloroform was used as an anesthetic during childbirth and surgery , from about 1847 . | [
"Chloroform was once a popular anesthetic ."
] | [
"Thermometers and sphygmomanometers containing mercury were invented in the early 18th and late 19th centuries , respectively ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Chloroform was named and chemically characterised in 1834 by Jean-Baptiste Dumas . | [
"Chloroform was named and chemically characterized in 1834 by Jean-Baptiste Dumas ."
] | [
"Lactic acid was refined for the first time by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1780 from sour milk ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The first who reported to have produced Chloroform was the French chemist Eugà ne Soubeiran , in 1831 . Soubeiran took acetone and ethanol , and used bleach powder for the reaction . | [
"Chloroform was reported in 1831 by the French chemist Eugà ne Soubeiran , who prepared it from acetone ( 2-propanone ) as well as ethanol through the action of chlorine bleach powder ( calcium hypochlorite ) ."
] | [
"Cadmium bromide is prepared by heating cadmium with bromine vapor . Also the compound can be prepared by the treatment of dry cadmium acetate with glacial acetic acid and acetyl bromide ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Death from chloroform can come from cardiac arrest . When Chloroform is stored for a longer time period , it can decay into Phosgene . | [
"Chronic chloroform exposure can damage the liver ( where chloroform is metabolized to phosgene ) and to the kidneys , and some people develop sores when the skin is immersed in chloroform ."
] | [
"For example a mixture of potassium chlorate and sugar will burn when concentrated sulfuric acid is added due to chloric acid production . Because sulfur tends to contain acidic impurities , it will form highly unstable mixtures with potassium chlorate due to chloric acid being produced ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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At that time , England had two different court systems . One was called equity and one was called common law . | [
"In many states there are separate divisions for law and equity within one court ."
] | [
"One special case , that also applies to the Channel Islands , is the jurisdiction of the Queen 's Bench Division of the English High Court over the Island in matters of habeas corpus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Common law started in England when courts decided to use tradition , custom , and precedent to help them make decisions . A precedent is something that another court has done in the past . | [
"The body of precedent is called `` common law '' and it binds future decisions ."
] | [
"Those who have the formal power to create legislation are known as legislators ; a judicial branch of government will have the formal power to interpret legislation ( see statutory interpretation ) ; the executive branch of government can act only within the powers and limits set by the law ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Today , in most places , there are not two separate systems , and courts sometimes say that they work with both common law and equity . | [
"Additionally , even before the separate courts were merged together , most courts were permitted to apply both law and equity , though under potentially different procedural law . Nonetheless , the historical distinction between `` law '' and `` equity '' remains important today when the case involves issues such ... | [
"However , a state may use any criteria when judging if they should give recognition and they have no obligation to use such criteria ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Many other countries use a system called civil law , where people say that legislation is the only kind of law . In common law countries , courts usually have more power than in civil law countries . | [
"The contrast between civil law and common law legal systems has become increasingly blurred , with the growing importance of jurisprudence ( almost like case law but in name ) in civil law countries , and the growing importance of statute law and codes in common law countries ."
] | [
"The definition is : the body of law dealing with the private relations between members of a community ; it contrasts with criminal law , military law and ecclesiastical law ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Tai Koo Shing has many Koreans . | [
"It is located near the Tai Koo Shing area , which is home to a large number of Hong Kong 's Korean families ."
] | [
"Kamakura has five sister cities ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Korean International School of Hong Kong ( KIS ) was founded on March 1988 . It is in Lei King Wan , Sai Wan Ho , Hong Kong , near Tai Koo Shing . | [
"The Korean International School of Hong Kong is an international school located in Lei King Wan , Sai Wan Ho , Hong Kong ."
] | [
"Repulse Bay is an area in the southern part of Hong Kong Island , located in the Southern District , Hong Kong ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This category is for articles and events specifically related to the 2nd century , which began in the year 101 and ended in the year 200 . | [
"The 2nd century is the time from 101 to 200 ."
] | [
"The fourth millennium is a period of time that will begin on January 1 , 3001 , and will end on December 31 , 4000 , of the Gregorian calendar ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Fabrà cio de Souza ( born 5 July 1982 ) is a Brazilian football player . | [
"Fabrà cio de Souza or simply Fabrà cio ( born 5 July 1982 ) , is a Brazilian defensive midfielder ."
] | [
"Alex Antà nio de Melo Santos , or simply Alex ( born April 16 , 1983 ) , is a Brazilian midfielder ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Sports:",
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He plays for Cruzeiro . | [
"He currently plays for Cruzeiro ."
] | [
"He currently manages Kashima Antlers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The British show developed into `` Punch and Judy '' . | [
"So important is Punch 's signature sound that it is a matter of some controversy within Punch and Judy circles as to whether a `` non-swazzled '' show can be considered a true Punch and Judy Show ."
] | [
"Young was also known as `` Farmer Young '' and `` Farmboy Young '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In Germany , Punch is called `` Kasper '' and Judy is `` Grete '' . | [
"In Germany , Punch is called Kasperle or Kaspar , while Judy is `` Grete '' ."
] | [
", `` Knut Is n't Cute Anymore '' , `` Goodbye Knut '' and `` Panda in Berlin '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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May 9 , 1662 is said by ` Professors ' to be Punch 's UK birthday , for that was the first known date on which the figure who later became Mr. Punch was seen in Britain . | [
"May 9 , 1662 â '' the date on which the figure who later became Mr. Punch made his first recorded appearance in Englandâ '' is traditionally reckoned as Punch 's UK birthday ."
] | [
"Boxer is also the name of a dog owned by John Peerybingle , the main character on the best selling 1845 book The Cricket on the Hearth by Charles Dickens , which is evidence that `` Boxer '' was commonly used as a dog name by the early 19th century , before the establishment of the breed by the end of that same ce... | SimpleWiki | {
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The diarist Samuel Pepys saw a puppet show using an early version of the Punch character near St. Paul 's Church in London 's Covent Garden . | [
"The diarist Samuel Pepys observed a marionette show featuring an early version of the Punch character in Covent Garden in London ."
] | [
"He died on Christmas Eve 1453 , as recorded in his epitaph , which was in the church of St Stephen Walbrook in London ( until it was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In The Netherlands Punch is called Jan Klaassen and Judy is Katrijn ; in Denmark Mester Jackel ; in Italy Pulcinella ( with Teresina as the female part ) ; in Russia Petruschka ; in Romania Vasilache ; and in France Polichinelle . | [
"In the Netherlands , he is Jan Klaassen ( and Judy is Katrijn ) ; in Denmark Mester Jackel ; in Russia Petrushka ; in Romania Vasilache ; and in France he has been called Polichinelle since the mid-17th century ."
] | [
"Her most popular parts were in the plays : Min tante Aurore ( Ma tante Aurore ) by Boieldieu , Bildhuggaren , Brodertvisten ( The brother feud ) by Kotzebue , Syrsan dramatisation efter La Petite Fadette by George Sand , Preciosa , Jane Eyre and MÃ ster Smith ( Master Smith ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Luke Moore ( born 13 February 1986 ) is an English football player . | [
"Luke Moore ( born 13 February 1986 in Birmingham ) is an English football striker who currently plays for Swansea City ."
] | [
"Craig James Brewster ( born 13 December 1966 ) is a Scottish football player and coach ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Leonardo Ponzio ( born 29 January 1982 ) is an Argentine football player . He plays for Real Zaragoza . | [
"Leonardo Daniel Ponzio ( born January 29 , 1982 ) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Real Zaragoza in Spain , mainly as a midfielder ."
] | [
"Oscar Alfredo Ustari ( born 3 July 1986 in Amà rica , Buenos Aires Province ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Getafe CF in Spain , as a goalkeeper ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The FBI was established in 1908 . | [
"The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation ( BOI ) ."
] | [
"The ITO was dissolved in 1925 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In the 2006 Formula One calendar the Australian Grand Prix was put back to a few weeks to avoid a clash with the 2006 Commonwealth Games . | [
"The Australian Grand Prix was held later than usual , to avoid a clash with the 2006 Commonwealth Games ."
] | [
"SAGIS , the company that owns the circuit , hoped that the race would be reinstated at the October 2006 meeting of the FIA World Motorsport Council and scheduled for the weekend of 29 April 2007 , providing renovations to the circuit were completed in time for the race , but the reinstatement was denied ."
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( \* ) Driver did not finish the race but was classified , having raced more than 90 % of race distance . | [
"Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix , but were classified as they completed over 90 % of the race distance ."
] | [
"At the 1925 event , Pete DePaolo became the first to average 100 mph ( 160 km\\/h ) for the race , with a speed of 101.13 m."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Brazil hosted the last race and Japan and China swapped their original dates . | [
"Brazil hosted the last race , while Japan and China swapped their original dates ."
] | [
"This decision proved timely , since the qualifying round at that year 's World Championships took place on a Sunday ."
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The champion was Fernando Alonso in a close battle . Renault won the constructor 's championship . | [
"The Drivers ' Championship was won by Fernando Alonso of Renault F1 for the second year in a row , with Alonso becoming the youngest ever double world champion ."
] | [
"In the 2006 â `` 07 A1 Grand Prix season , PÃ rez took part in a single round of the championship for A1 Team Mexico ."
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The 2006 Formula One season was the 57th edition of the championship . | [
"The 2006 Formula One season was the 57th season of FIA Formula One motor racing ."
] | [
"Pedro Martà nez de la Rosa ( born 24 February 1971 ) is a Formula One driver who has participated in 85 Grands Prix , debuting on 7 March 1999 , becoming one of very few drivers to score a point at his first race ."
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Southern California is a region of California . | [
"Southern California , along with the San Francisco Bay Area , is a major cultural and economic center for the State of California and beyond ."
] | [
"Venice is a district on the Westside of Los Angeles , California , United States ."
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In 1777 , Antoine Lavosier convinced the scientific community that sulfur was an element . | [
"In 1777 , Antoine Lavoisier helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was an element and not a compound ."
] | [
"They were the first to use the term `` radioactivity '' , and were pioneers in its study ."
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Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are some sulfur compounds that are released when coal burns . | [
"See also Category : sulfur compounds Common oxidation states of sulfur range from â ' 2 to +6 . Sulfur forms stable compounds with all elements except the noble gases ."
] | [
"Lead ( II ) sulfide is non-toxic , unless the lead and sulfur are heated to decomposition and toxic compounds of lead and sulfur oxides are produced ( such as in roasting lead ore ) . Lead sulfide is insoluble and a stable compound in the pH of blood and so it is the least toxic form of lead ."
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The ancient name for sulfur is brimstone . | [
"Sulfur is referenced in the Bible as brimstone , with this name still used in several nonscientific terms ."
] | [
"It was called Bambotus by Pliny the Elder ( from Phoenician `` behemoth '' for hippopotamus ) and Nias by Claudius Ptolemy ."
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Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are some sulfur compounds that are released when coal burns . They are reacted to make sulfur . | [
"Because of the sulfur dioxide produced during the process of melting sulfur , the craft of sulfur inlays was soon abandoned ."
] | [
"Lead ( II ) sulfide is non-toxic , unless the lead and sulfur are heated to decomposition and toxic compounds of lead and sulfur oxides are produced ( such as in roasting lead ore ) . Lead sulfide is insoluble and a stable compound in the pH of blood and so it is the least toxic form of lead ."
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Sulfur ( or sulphur ) is a chemical element . The symbol for sulfur is S , and its atomic number is 16 . | [
"Sulfur or sulphur ( ; see spelling below ) is the chemical element with atomic number 16 , represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant , multivalent non-metal ."
] | [
"Indium is a chemical element with chemical symbol In and atomic number 49 ."
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It 's the third game released in the Castlevania series , and stars Trevor Blemont , Simon Belmont 's ancestor . | [
"The game 's protagonist is Trevor C. Belmont , an ancestor of the original hero Simon Belmont ."
] | [
"It started with Super Mario Land 3 : Wario Land , the first game with Wario as a playable character , and gained many sequels ."
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Castlevania III : Dracula 's Curse , known in Japan as AkumajÅ Densetsu , is an action platforming video game made by Konami for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console . | [
"Castlevania III : Dracula 's Curse , known in Japan as AkumajÅ Densetsu , is the third and final Castlevania video game produced for the Nintendo Entertainment System ."
] | [
"Super Mario Land 2 : 6 Golden Coins is a platforming video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy ."
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Most of the gastropods of that era belong to primitive groups . A few of these groups still survive today . | [
"Most of the gastropods of the Palaeozoic era belong to primitive groups , a few of which still survive today ."
] | [
"Most of the marine limpets have gills , whereas all the freshwater limpets and a few of the marine limpets have a mantle cavity that is adapted to breathe air and function as a lung ( and in some cases has been again adapted to absorb oxygen from water ) all these various kinds of snail are only very distantly rel... | SimpleWiki | {
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By the Carboniferous period many of the shapes seen in living gastropods can be matched in the fossil record . Despite these similarities in appearance , the majority of these older forms are not directly related to living forms . | [
"By the Carboniferous period many of the shapes we see in living gastropods can be matched in the fossil record , but despite these similarities in appearance the majority of these older forms are not directly related to living forms ."
] | [
"This further supports the hypothesis that the common ancestor of all squirrels living and fossil lived in North America , as these three most ancient lineages seem to have radiated from there â `` if squirrels had originated in Eurasia for example , one would expect quite ancient lineages in Africa , but African s... | SimpleWiki | {
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In rocks of the Mesozoic era gastropods are more common as fossils and their shell is often well preserved . | [
"In rocks of the Mesozoic era , gastropods are slightly more common as fossils , their shells are often well preserved ."
] | [
"The evolution of carnivorous plants is obscured by the paucity of their fossil record . Very few fossils have been found , and then usually only as seed or pollen ."
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Rocks of the Cainozoic era have very large numbers of gastropod fossils in them . Many of these fossils are closely related to modern living forms . | [
"Rocks of the Cenozoic era yield very large numbers of gastropod fossils , many of these fossils being closely related to modern living forms ."
] | [
"Freshwater Zebra mussels and their relatives in the family Dreissenidae are not related to previously mentioned groups , even though they resemble many Mytilus species in shape , and live attached to rocks and other hard surfaces in a similar manner , using a byssus . They are classified with the Heterodonta , the... | SimpleWiki | {
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The taxonomy of the Gastropoda can be different from author to author . With the arrival of DNA sequencing , further revisions of the higher taxonomic levels are to be expected . | [
"The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as shown in various texts can differ in major ways , and on-going revisions of the higher taxonomic levels are to be expected in the near future ."
] | [
"Systematics , in other words , is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth ."
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The first gastropods were exclusively marine . The first of the group appeared in the Upper Cambrian ( Chippewaella , Strepsodiscus ) . | [
"The first gastropods were exclusively marine , with the earliest representatives of the group appearing in the Late Cambrian ( Chippewaella , Strepsodiscus ) ."
] | [
"Brachiopods , bryozoans and echinoderms were also heavily affected , and the endocerid cephalopods died out completely , except for possible rare Silurian forms ."
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The `` Purbeck Marble '' of the Jurassic period and the `` Sussex Marble '' of the early Cretaceous period which both occur in southern England are limestones containing the tightly packed remains of the pond snail Viviparus . | [
"The `` Purbeck Marble '' of the Jurassic period and the `` Sussex Marble '' of the early Cretaceous period , which both occur in southern England , are limestones containing the tightly packed remains of the pond snail Viviparus ."
] | [
"Similar ( but softer and extremely porous ) deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa ."
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By the Ordovician period the gastropods were a varied group present in a few aquatic habitats . | [
"By the Ordovician period the gastropods were a varied group present in a range of aquatic habitats ."
] | [
"Marine snails constitute the majority of snail species , and have much greater diversity and a greater biomass . Numerous kinds of snail can also be found in fresh waters ."
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Their gills are often in a form of feathery plumes on their backs . This is what gives the name to the nudibranchs . | [
"In one large group of sea slugs , the gills are arranged as a rosette of feathery plumes on their backs , which gives rise to their other name , nudibranchs ."
] | [
"The head probably had a small crest or tuft similar to that in today 's mousebirds or turacos ."
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Most members have a shell , which is in one piece and coiled or spiralled ; it usually opens on the right hand side ( viewed with the shell apex pointing up ) . | [
"This coiled shell usually opens on the right-hand side ( as viewed with the shell apex pointing upward ) ."
] | [
"The bilateria are all animals having a bilateral symmetry , i.e. they have a front and a back end , as well as an upside and downside . Radially symmetrical animals like jellyfish have a topside and downside , but no front and back ."
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Nudibranchs with smooth or warty backs have no visible gill mechanisms and respiration may take place directly through the skin . | [
"Some nudibranchs have smooth or warty backs and have no visible gill mechanism , such that respiration may likely take place directly through the skin ."
] | [
"This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle extend far beyond the main part of the body , forming flaps , double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses , including for example , the siphon ."
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Their fossils occur in beds of both freshwater and marine environments . | [
"Their fossils occur in ancient beds deposited in both freshwater and marine environments ."
] | [
"Supporting the turbidity current origin theory is that deposits of greywacke are found on the edges of the continental shelves , at the bottoms of oceanic trenches , and at the bases of mountain formational areas ."
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Fossil gastropods are less common during the Palaeozoic era than bivalves . | [
"Fossil gastropods were less common during the Palaeozoic era than bivalves ."
] | [
"The only convincing Triassic records are very earliest Triassic leaves from Nidpur , India , but even these records are somewhat questionable owing to faulting and complex juxtapositioning of Permian and Triassic strata at Nidpur ."
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Still , the Silurian genus Poleumita contains fifteen identified species . | [
"Still , the Silurian genus Poleumita contains fiftean identified species ."
] | [
"It provides strong evidence for formation ( speciation ) of and the extinction of species ."
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Some species have an operculum , a lid or trapdoor to close the shell . | [
"Numerous species have an operculum , which in many species acts as a trapdoor to close the shell ."
] | [
"The mouth of newly born metatherians is fused laterally , but open medially ; this forms an `` O '' shaped mouth in which the mothers nipple fits , then swells to secure the offspring into place for further development and growth ."
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In some , the slugs , the shell is absent , and the body is streamlined . | [
"In the land slugs , the shell is reduced or absent , and the body is streamlined ."
] | [
"This bill is composed of several horny plates , and along the sides are the two `` tubes '' , long nostrils that give the order its former name ."
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Relatives of the modern land snails are rare before the Cretaceous period . The familiar Helix first appeared in that period . | [
"One of the earliest known terrestrial ( land-dwelling ) gastropods is Maturipupa , which is found in the Coal Measures of the Carboniferous period in Europe , but relatives of the modern land snails are rare before the Cretaceous period , when the familiar Helix first appeared ."
] | [
"At their peak , the Gavialoidea were numerous and diverse ; they occupied much of Asia and America up until the Pliocene ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The taxonomy of the Gastropoda is at present under constant revision . | [
"The taxonomy of the Gastropoda is under constant revision , and more and more of the old taxonomy is being abandoned as the results of DNA studies slowly become clearer ."
] | [
"In some cases this is due to the dearth of fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The idea was to promote astronomy worldwide and get young people interested in it . The year 2009 , is special to astronomers as it is the 400th anniversary since the first astronomical telescope by Galileo Galilei was used . | [
"The International Year of Astronomy ( IYA2009 ) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler 's Astronomia nova in the 17th century .... | [
"On both occasions , Galileo mistook Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared very closeâ '' in conjunctionâ '' to Jupiter in the night sky ; hence , he is not credited with Neptune 's discovery ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Antonio de Ulloa ( 12 January 1716 â `` 3 July 1795 ) was a Spanish general , explorer , author , astronomer , colonial administrator and the first Spanish governor of Louisiana . | [
"Antonio de Ulloa y de la Torre-Giralt ( 12 January 1716 -- 3 July 1795 ) was a Spanish general , explorer , author , astronomer , colonial administrator and the first Spanish governor of Louisiana ."
] | [
"Manuel Josà Quintana y Lorenzo ( April 11 , 1772 - March 11 , 1857 ) , was a Spanish poet and man of letters . He was born at Madrid ."
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On April 22 , 2009 , the name Alma was retired . | [
"Due to its damage and deaths in Nicaragua , the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Alma on April 22 , 2009 ."
] | [
"On May 24 , 2005 Lafontaine left the SPD ."
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The 2008 Pacific hurricane season started on May 15 , 2008 , and ended November 30 , 2008 . | [
"It officially started May 15 , 2008 in the eastern Pacific , started on June 1 , 2008 in the central Pacific , and lasted until November 30 , 2008 ."
] | [
"Although Hurricane Vince developed in an unusual location in the northeastern Atlantic , well away from where tropical cyclones are usually found , it is neither the most northerly-forming nor the most easterly-forming Atlantic tropical storm ; these records are held by Alberto of the 1988 season at 41.5 Â N , and... | SimpleWiki | {
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Cumberland is a city in the state of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Cumberland is a city in Cass County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Plum is a color similar to purple . The name comes from the fruit called a plum . | [
"Since the color at the head of this article ( color # 8E4585 ) is the color traditionally and normally regarded as plum , the web color `` plum '' has been here designated as pale plum ."
] | [
"It is perhaps the existence of this color that led people to believe that beige is a light brown color instead of the pale cream shown in the color box at the beginning of this article . The first recorded use of French beige as a color name in English was in 1927 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bill Shankly is a former football player . | [
"It is through the Spirit of Shankly Supporters Union that Shankly lives on ."
] | [
"Kenji Koyama is a Japanese football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Paulo Nagamura ( born 2 March 1983 ) is a Brazilian football player . | [
"Paulo Roberto Corradi Nagamura ( born March 2 , 1983 in SÃ # o Paulo ) is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Chivas USA in the Major League Soccer ."
] | [
"Alcindo Sartori ( born 21 October 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Birch wrestled in the indies with the name Joey Matthews , and is now working with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) on its SmackDown ! show , where he wrestles as Joey Mercury . | [
"Birch is signed with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , and works as a trainer in Florida Championship Wrestling , WWE 's developmental territory , as Joey Mercury ."
] | [
"Shad Chad Javier Romane Chittick Gaspard ( born January 13 , 1981 ) is an American professional wrestler of Haitian and Curaà aon descent , currently signed with Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) . Born in Brooklyn , New York , he is best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where he once ... | SimpleWiki | {
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The first European import to the Americas , the horse , changed the lives of many Native American tribes on the Great Plains , letting them to change to a nomadic lifestyle based on hunting bison on horseback . | [
"One of the first European exports , the horse , changed the lives of many Native American tribes on the Great Plains , allowing them to shift to a nomadic lifestyle based on hunting bison on horseback ."
] | [
"Before settlement , Clay County was home to the Cherokee Indians , who was a tribe of Native Americans that made their home in Southeastern United States ( principally Georgia , the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee ) They were one of the `` Five Civilized Tribes '' because of their assimilation of European-American... | SimpleWiki | {
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Before there was regular communication between the two hemispheres , the different types of domesticated animals and diseases were much larger in the Old World than in the New . | [
"Before regular communication had been established between the two hemispheres , the varieties of domesticated animals and infectious diseases , such as smallpox , were strikingly larger in the Old World than in the New , in part because many migrated west or were brought by traders from Asia , so diseases of two c... | [
"The modern forms appeared at much the same time , evolving in the estuaries and coastal waters of Africa , but crossing the Atlantic to reach South America as well ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Even the dandelion was brought to America by Europeans for use as an herb . | [
"The dandelion was brought to North America by Europeans for use as an herb ."
] | [
"It was ground as a seasoning for meat or used in sauces ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Also the chili and Paprika from South America was introduced in India by the Portuguese and it is today an important part of Indian cuisine . | [
"Introduced to India by the Portuguese , the chili\\/paprika from South America is today an integral part of Indian cuisine ."
] | [
"While China , Japan , Korea and Vietnam had long included chopsticks as part of their traditional eating utensils , the use of chopsticks in a limited sense spread to other Asian countries in recent centuries with the influx of Chinese immigrants in Southeast Asia ."
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Italy became fanous for its Tomato sauce , made from New World tomatoes , while coffee from Africa and sugarcane from Asia became the main crops of very large Latin American plantations . | [
"Tomato sauce , made from New World tomatoes , became an Italian trademark , while coffee from Africa and sugar cane from Asia became the main crops of extensive Latin American plantations ."
] | [
"The area soon proved perfect for sugar production , with the French , the Dutch and the Portuguese all constantly fighting to control the Paraà ba region to grow the lucrative sugarcane in ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Before the Columbian Exchange , there were no oranges in Florida , no bananas in Ecuador , no paprika in Hungary , no zucchini in Italy , no pineapples in Hawaii , no rubber trees in Africa , no cattle in Texas , no Chili peppers in Thailand and India , no cigarettes in France and no chocolate in Switzerland . | [
"Before the Columbian Exchange , there were no oranges in Florida , no bananas in Ecuador , no paprika in Hungary , no tomatoes in Italy , no coffee in Colombia , no pineapples in Hawaii , no rubber trees in Africa , no cattle in Texas , no donkeys in Mexico , no chili peppers in Thailand and India , no cigarettes ... | [
"The region 's fertile soil made it possible for farmers to produce abundant harvests of cereal crops such as corn , oats , and , most importantly , wheat ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Smallpox probably caused in the highest death toll for Native Americans . | [
"The smallpox epidemics probably resulted in the largest death tolls for Native Americans ."
] | [
"These bombings resulted in the immediate deaths of around 120,000 people and more over time , because of the nuclear radiation ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Randy Moss ( born February 19 , 1977 ) is an American football player who plays the position of wide receiver . | [
"Randy Gene Moss ( born February 13 , 1977 ) is an American football wide receiver for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League ."
] | [
"John Matthew `` Matt '' Stover ( born January 27 , 1968 in Dallas , Texas , U.S. ) is an American Football placekicker who is currently a free agent in the National Football League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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