query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
He was an expert on the crustacea . He often wrote to Charles Darwin , mainly about their shared interest in barnacles . | [
"He was an authority on the crustacea , and a frequent correspondent with Charles Darwin , mostly concerning their shared interest in barnacles ."
] | [
"The main purpose was for the travellers to `` gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species '' , as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Charles Spence Bate , or Spence Bate , FRS ( March 16 , 1819 â `` July 29 , 1889 ) was a British zoologist and dentist , who lived in Swansea and Plymouth . | [
"Charles Spence Bate , or Spence Bate , FRS ( March 16 , 1819 - July 29 , 1889 ) was a British zoologist and dentist , who lived in Swansea and later Plymouth ."
] | [
"James Challis FRS ( 12 December 1803 â `` 3 December 1882 ) was an English clergyman , physicist and astronomer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Astronomy:"
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Another example of a jet engine is a rocket engine . | [
"The rocket engine uses the same basic physical principles as the jet engine for propulsion via thrust , but is distinct in that it does not require atmospheric air to provide oxygen ; the rocket carries all components of the reaction mass."
] | [
"As a result , the design has been displaced almost completely by the shorter and sturdier V8 engine configuration ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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Mahudand Lake is a lake about 40 km from Kalam , in Pakistan 's upper Ushu Valley . | [
"Mahudand Lake ( - `` Lake of Fishes '' ) is a lake about 40 km from Kalam , in Pakistan 's upper Ushu Valley ."
] | [
"Badeshi is an Indo-Iranian language spoken in the upper reaches of the Bishigram Valley ( Chail ) , east of Madyan , Swat , Kohistan in Northern Areas of Pakistan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is accessible with a four-wheel drive vehicle , and is a good location for fishing . | [
"Lake It is accessible with a ( ( four-wheel drive vehicle , and is a good location for fishing ."
] | [
"Much of the distance 's popularity is due to the challenge it offers to both novices and accomplished professionals ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Eventually Daedalus found the body and buried it on the island of Icaria , and the sea which Icarus fell into is now called the Icarian Sea . | [
"And so , Icarus fell into the sea in the area which bears his name , the Icarian Sea near Icaria , an island southwest of Samos ."
] | [
"Devastated , Niobe fled back to Mount Sipylus and was turned into stone , and , as she wept unceasingly , waters started to pour from her petrified complexion ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The cells that react to a given hormone have special receptors for that hormone . When a hormone attaches to the receptor protein a mechanism for signalling is activated . | [
"Cells respond to a hormone when they express a specific receptor for that hormone ."
] | [
"In a metabolic pathway , one enzyme takes the product of another enzyme as a substrate . After the catalytic reaction , the product is then passed on to another enzyme ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In negative feedback , a hormone causes an effect . | [
"Thus , higher hormone concentration alone can not trigger the negative feedback mechanism . Negative feedback must be triggered by overproduction of an `` effect '' of the hormone ."
] | [
"Because of this relationship , the action of the parasympathetic nervous system is often described as `` rest and digest '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Biology:"
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Hormones are chemicals that are used for messaging in multicellular organisms . Every multicellular organism produces hormones . | [
"All multicellular organisms produce hormones ; plant hormones are also called phytohormones ."
] | [
"In addition to the specialised endocrine organs mentioned above , many other organs that are part of other body systems , such as the kidney , liver , heart and gonads , have secondary endocrine functions . For example the kidney secretes endocrine hormones such as erythropoietin and renin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Gutenberg Bible ( also known as the 42-line Bible or the Mazarin Bible ) is a printed version of the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible that was printed by Johannes Gutenberg , in Mainz , Germany in the 15th century . Although it is not the first book to be printed by Gutenberg 's new movable type system , it i... | [
"The Gutenberg Bible ( also known as the 42-line Bible , the Mazarin Bible or the B42 ) was the first major book printed with a movable type printing press , marking the start of the `` Gutenberg Revolution '' and the age of the printed book ."
] | [
"Movable type , which allowed individual characters to be arranged to form words and which is an invention separate from the printing press , had been invented earlier in China ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Brandon Flowers ( born 1981 ) is the singer and keyboardist of the American rock band The Killers . | [
"Brandon Richard Flowers ( born June 21 , 1981 ) is an American musician , best known as the frontman , vocalist , and keyboardist of the Las Vegas-based rock band The Killers ."
] | [
"Russell Dean Lissack ( born 11 March 1981 in Chingford , England ) is an English musician best known as the lead guitarist of London based indie rock band , Bloc Party ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He has also released a solo album called Flamingo . | [
"He has also released a solo album entitled Flamingo ."
] | [
"It was also accompanied by a free download of a song called `` Crash '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The earless seals or true seals are marine mammals of the family Phocidae , one of the three pinniped families . | [
"The true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal superfamily , Pinnipedia . All true seals are members of the family Phocidae ."
] | [
"The baleen whales , also called whalebone whales or great whales , form the Mysticeti , one of two suborders of the Cetacea ( whales , dolphins , and porpoises ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Campobasso is a province in the region of Molise , Italy . | [
"is a province in the Molise region of Italy . Its capital is the city of Campobasso ."
] | [
"The Province of Brindisi is a province in the Apulia region of Italy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Typically , the Domain Name System is used to determine what IP address is associated with a given domain name . | [
"Computer networks use the Domain Name System to determine the IP address associated with a domain name ."
] | [
"The destination server ( the server that ultimately satisfies the web request ) receives requests from the anonymizing proxy server , and thus does not receive information about the end user 's address . However , the requests are not anonymous to the anonymizing proxy server , and so a degree of trust is present ... | SimpleWiki | {
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RFC 1033 in the `` INSTRUCTIONS '' section , and later , RFC 1912 Section 2.1 states `` Every Internet-reachable host should have a name '' and `` Make sure your PTR and A records match '' . | [
"Internet official documents ( RFC 1033 , RFC 1912 Section 2.1 ) specify that `` Every Internet-reachable host should have a name '' and that such names match with a reverse pointer record ."
] | [
"The Internet Security Glossary RFC 2828 dissuades from using the term `` cryptosystem '' , giving the following definitions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Reverse DNS lookup ( rDNS ) is the process of determining the hostname or the host computer associated with a given IP address or any other type of network address . | [
"In computer networking , reverse DNS lookup or reverse DNS resolution ( rDNS ) is the determination of a domain name that is associated with a given IP address using the Domain Name System ( DNS ) of the Internet ."
] | [
"A default gateway is the node on the computer network that the network software uses when an IP address does not match any other routes in the routing table ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Karl Wilhelm Scheibler ( 1 September 1820 â `` 13 April 1881 ) was a German - Polish industrialist . | [
"Karl Wilhelm Scheibler ( 1 September 1820 -- 13 April 1881 ) was a German - Polish industrialist ."
] | [
"Heinrich Louis d'Arrest ( July 13 , 1822 â `` June 14 , 1875 ; ) was a German astronomer , born in Berlin ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Peter Fonda ( born February 23 , 1940 , New York City ) is an American actor . | [
"Peter Henry Fonda ( born February 23 , 1940 ) is an American actor ."
] | [
"James Christopher Read ( born July 31 , 1953 ) is an American actor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He is the son of actor Henry Fonda . He is the father of actress Bridget Fonda and brother of actress Jane Fonda . | [
"Fonda was born in New York City , New York , the only son of actor Henry Fonda and his wife Frances Ford Seymour ; he is the younger brother of actress Jane Fonda ."
] | [
"The eldest of six children , his siblings are actor Joseph Fiennes ( Shakespeare in Love , Luther , FlashForward ) ; Martha Fiennes , a director ( in her film Onegin , he played the title role ) ; Magnus Fiennes , a composer ; Sophie Fiennes , a filmmaker ; and Jacob Fiennes , a conservationist ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He is the son of actor Henry Fonda . | [
"His father Henry Fonda made a brief appearance as well , making it the only time the father and son appeared together on film ."
] | [
"She is the elder sister of actress Joan Fontaine ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Eugene Boudin Prize is an award given by the Socià tà Nationale des Beaux-Arts of France . | [
"The Eugene Boudin Prize is an award given by the Socià tà Nationale des Beaux-Arts ."
] | [
"The Cà sar Award is the national film award of France , first given out in 1975 . The nominations are selected by the members of the Acadà mie des arts et techniques du cinà ma ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Eugà ne Boudin ( 12 July 1824 -- 8 August 1898 ) was a French painter of landscapes and seascapes . He was one of the first landscape painters to paint outdoors , rather than in a studio . | [
"Eugà ne Boudin ( 12 July 1824 -- 8 August 1898 ) was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors ."
] | [
"Among the Impressionists Sisley has been overshadowed by Monet , although his work most resembles that of Camille Pissarro ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Alexandre Pato ( born 2 September 1989 ) is a Brazilian football player . He plays for Milan and Brazil national team . | [
"Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva ( born 2 September 1989 ) , commonly known as Alexandre Pato or simply Pato , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Italian Serie A club Milan and the Brazilian national team ."
] | [
"Ricardo Alberto Silveira de Carvalho OIH ( ; born 18 May 1978 in Amarante , Portugal ) , is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a center back for Spanish La Liga club Real Madrid , and for the Portuguese national team ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hamlet kills Claudius with the poisoned sword . | [
"Hamlet stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword , and then forces him to drink from his own poisoned cup to make sure he dies ."
] | [
"When he hears the pin is Susanna 's , he is overcome with jealousy , especially as he recognizes the pin to be the one that fastened the letter to the Count ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hamlet is the son of the King of Denmark . When Hamlet 's father dies , his uncle Claudius becomes king and marries Hamlet 's mother ( Gertrude ) . | [
"The play , set in the Kingdom of Denmark , recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering the old King Hamlet ( Claudius 's brother and Prince Hamlet 's father ) and then succeeding to the throne and marrying Gertrude ( the King Hamlet 's widow and mother of Prince Hamlet ) ."
] | [
"The leading character , Viola , is shipwrecked on the shores of Illyria during the opening scenes . She loses contact with her twin brother , Sebastian , whom she believes to be dead ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ophelia is Polonius ` daughter . After her father , Polonius , is killed by Hamlet she goes mad . | [
"Polonius is Claudius ' trusted chief counsellor ; Polonius 's son , Laertes , is returning to France , and Polonius 's daughter , Ophelia , is courted by Hamlet ."
] | [
"Niobe 's iconic tears were also mentioned in Hamlet 's soliloquy ( Act 1 , Scene 2 ) , in which he contrasts his mother 's grief over the dead King , Hamlet 's father - `` like Niobe , all tears '' - to her unseemly hasty marriage to Claudius ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hamlet 's father appears as a ghost and tells Hamlet that he was murdered by Claudius . Hamlet is not sure that the ghost is really his father . | [
"After hearing from Horatio of the Ghost 's appearance , Hamlet resolves to see the Ghost himself ."
] | [
"The leading character , Viola , is shipwrecked on the shores of Illyria during the opening scenes . She loses contact with her twin brother , Sebastian , whom she believes to be dead ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Claudius makes some poisoned wine for Hamlet to drink in case that does not work . | [
"Claudius , unsure that capable Hamlet could receive even a scratch , plans to offer Hamlet poisoned wine if that fails ."
] | [
"After hearing from Horatio of the Ghost 's appearance , Hamlet resolves to see the Ghost himself ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hamlet is the son of the King of Denmark . | [
"The protagonist of Hamlet is Prince Hamlet of Denmark , son of the lately deceased King Hamlet and his wife , Queen Gertrude ."
] | [
"She was the mother of King Christian IV of Denmark ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hamlet is cut with the poisoned sword , but then stabs Laertes with the same sword . Laertes tells Hamlet about the plot and then dies . | [
"Between bouts , Laertes attacks and pierces Hamlet with his poisoned blade ; in the ensuing scuffle , Hamlet is able to use Laertes 's own poisoned sword against him ."
] | [
"When questioned , Tristan says he can not answer to the King the reason of his betrayal since he would not understand , he turns to Isolde , who agrees to follow him again into the realm of night . Tristan denounces that Melot has fallen in love with Isolde too ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Tragedy of Hamlet , Prince of Denmark is a play by William Shakespeare . | [
"The Tragical History of Hamlet , Prince of Denmark , or more simply Hamlet , is a tragedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601 ."
] | [
"The King 's Men was the company of actors to which William Shakespeare ( 1564 -- 1616 ) belonged through most of his career ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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When Hamlet 's father dies , his uncle Claudius becomes king and marries Hamlet 's mother ( Gertrude ) . Hamlet 's father appears as a ghost and tells Hamlet that he was murdered by Claudius . | [
"Perturbed by Hamlet 's continuing deep mourning for his father and his increasingly erratic behavior , Claudius sends for two of Hamlet 's acquaintances â '' Rosencrantz and Guildensternâ '' to find out the cause of Hamlet 's changed behavior ."
] | [
"The leading character , Viola , is shipwrecked on the shores of Illyria during the opening scenes . She loses contact with her twin brother , Sebastian , whom she believes to be dead ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Warminster is a town in Wiltshire , England , UK . It is to the south of Westbury and to the east of Frome . | [
"Warminster is a town in western Wiltshire , England , by-passed by the A36 , and near Frome and Westbury ."
] | [
"Well is a small village and civil parish in the Hart district of Hampshire , England . The village lies approximately 3.1 m south-east from Odiham ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hepburn was born in Hartford , Connecticut and went to Bryn Mawr College ; she got her degree in 1928 and started on Broadway that same year in Night Hostess . | [
"Hepburn was educated at the Oxford School ( now Kingswood-Oxford School ) in West Hartford , Connecticut , before going on to Bryn Mawr College ."
] | [
"Soon after , he decided to pursue a career in the theater instead , and took acting training courses at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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She died on June 29 , 2003 at 2:50 p.m. , at Fenwick , the Hepburn family home , in Old Saybrook , Connecticut . | [
"On June 29 , 2003 , Hepburn died of natural causes at Fenwick , the Hepburn family home in Old Saybrook , Connecticut ."
] | [
"He died just over two weeks later in Westminster , London , at age 76 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Chà cents teauneuf is a commune . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendà e department in the west of France . | [
"Chà cents teau-Guibert is a commune of the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Michel-en-l ` Herm is a commune in the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Lightning did not qualify for the playoffs . | [
"The Tampa Bay Lightning failed to qualify for the 2009 NHL playoffs ."
] | [
"The team played without a nickname for the season ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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This makes them different from the other group of cetaceans , the toothed whales or Odontoceti . | [
"This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans , the toothed whales or Odontoceti ."
] | [
"Elasmobranchii is a subclass of Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish , that includes the sharks ( Selachii ) and the rays and skates ( Batoidea ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Humpback Whales are known for their jumping skills , but other baleen whales also jump out from the water with their body or beat it loudly with their fins . | [
"Particularly known for its acrobatics is the Humpback Whale , but other baleen whales also break through the water surface with their body or beat it loudly with their fins ."
] | [
"In August 2009 , the town of Kiryat Yam in Israel offered a prize of $ 1 million for anyone who could prove the existence of a mermaid off its coast , after dozens of people reported seeing a mermaid leaping out of the water like a dolphin and doing aerial tricks before returning to the depths ."
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Fossil adult baleen whales did have teeth , but modern adults have only baleen . | [
"Fossil Mysticeti had teeth before baleen evolved ."
] | [
"The therocephalians ( `` beast-heads '' ) are named after their large skulls , which , along with the structure of their teeth , suggest that they were successful carnivores ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Although they are very heavy , baleen whales are able to jump completely out of the water . | [
"In spite of their enormous size , baleen whales are able to leap completely out of the water ."
] | [
"Because the Komodo dragon does not have a diaphragm , it can not suck water when drinking , nor can it lap water with its tongue ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Baleen whales have two blowholes , so they will have a V-shaped blow . | [
"Baleen whales have two blowholes , causing a V-shaped blow ."
] | [
"Although gharials have sacrificed the great mechanical strength of the robust skull and jaw that most crocodiles and alligators have , and in consequence can not prey on large creatures , the reduced weight and water resistance of their lighter skull and very narrow jaw gives gharials the ability to catch rapidly ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Baleen whales do not have teeth , except as embryos . Fossil adult baleen whales did have teeth , but modern adults have only baleen . | [
"Early baleen whales possessed teeth inherited from their ancestors , as opposed to baleen , in modern species ."
] | [
"Obdurodon differed from modern Platypuses in that it had molar teeth ( in the modern platypus , individuals lose their teeth upon reaching adulthood ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Baleen whales do not have teeth , except as embryos . | [
"The baleen whales , also called whalebone whales or great whales , form the Mysticeti , one of two suborders of the Cetacea ( whales , dolphins , and porpoises ) . Baleen whales are characterized by having baleen plates for filtering food from water , rather than having teeth ."
] | [
"Obdurodon differed from modern Platypuses in that it had molar teeth ( in the modern platypus , individuals lose their teeth upon reaching adulthood ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This group includes the largest living animal species , the Blue Whale . | [
"This group includes the largest known animal species , the Blue Whale ."
] | [
"Historically , it has been known to attain heights over 100 m and is one of the tallest tree species in the world ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Baleen whales have baleen plates for filtering food from water , instead of having teeth . | [
"Baleen whales are characterized by having baleen plates for filtering food from water , rather than having teeth ."
] | [
"Unlike the megamouth shark and whale shark , the basking shark does not appear to actively seek quarry , but it does possess large olfactory bulbs that may guide it . It relies only on the water that it pushes through its gills by swimming ; the megamouth shark and whale shark can suck or pump water through their ... | SimpleWiki | {
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The baleen whales , also called whalebone whales or great whales , make up the Mysticeti , one of the two groups of the Cetacea ( whales , dolphins , and porpoises ) . | [
"The baleen whales , also called whalebone whales or great whales , form the Mysticeti , one of two suborders of the Cetacea ( whales , dolphins , and porpoises ) ."
] | [
"The dugong ( Dugong dugon ) is a large marine mammal which , together with the manatees , is one of four living species of the order Sirenia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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From the 11th to the late 20th centuries , baleen whales were hunted for their oil and baleen . | [
"From the 11th to the late 20th centuries , baleen whales were hunted commercially for their oil and baleen ."
] | [
"Ivory can be taken from dead animals â '' Russians dug up tusks from extinct mammoths â '' however most ivory came from elephants who were killed for their tusks ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Their oil can be made into margarine and cooking oils . Baleen was used to stiffen corsets , as parasol ribs , and to crease paper . | [
"Their oil was used to make margarine and cooking oils , whilst their baleen was used to stiffen corsets , as parasol ribs and to crease paper ."
] | [
"Early Europeans used soft sponges for many purposes , including padding for helmets , portable drinking utensils and municipal water filters ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales , and females are larger than males . | [
"Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales , and females are bigger than males ."
] | [
"Many sperm whales carry scars on their backs believed to be caused by the hooks of Colossal Squid . Colossal Squid are a major prey item for Antarctic sperm whales feeding in the Southern Ocean ; 14 % of the squid beaks found in the stomachs of these sperm whales are those of the Colossal Squid , which indicates t... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Quantum gravity is an area of research in physics . | [
"There are a number of other approaches to quantum gravity ."
] | [
"Mathematical physics refers to development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The goal of quantum gravity is to develop a theory which contains both general relativity and quantum mechanics . | [
"There are other points of tension between quantum mechanics and general relativity . There are a number of proposed quantum gravity theories ."
] | [
"This ability to make macroscopic predictions based on microscopic properties is the main advantage of statistical mechanics over classical thermodynamics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Physicists also try to develop theories at an even more fundamental level , like string theory , loop quantum gravity , or other methods , to find out why our current theories of gravity and quantum mechanics can not be combined . | [
"There are a number of proposed quantum gravity theories ."
] | [
"Nevertheless , its cosmological predictions appear to be consistent with observations , so there is no compelling reason to adopt another theory ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bajaur ( Urdu : Ø Ø Ø Ù Ú ` ) is an Agency ( district ) of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) of Pakistan . | [
"Bajaur or Bajur or Bajour ( Pashto : Ø Ø Ø Ù Ú ` ) is an Agency ( country subdivision ) of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) of Pakistan ."
] | [
"Gumal Pass or Gomal Pass is a mountain pass on the border of Afghanistan and the southeastern portion of South Waziristan in Pakistan 's Federally Administered Tribal Areas ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The population is according to the 1998 census was 595,227 . | [
"According to the 1998 census , the population was 595,227 ."
] | [
"ChÅ `` bu has a population estimate of 21,886,324 as of 2008 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Websites like Learn Na ` vi have many learning learning materials and a forum to learn with others . | [
"Websites like Learn Na ` vi feature dictionaries , basic learning materials , and discussion forums ."
] | [
"They are not primarily teaching tools ( even though they are popular with listeners as an aid to learning ) but communication tools ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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When they released the movie in 2009 , the vocabulary increased to a thousand words despite the understanding of its grammar was limited to the language 's creator . | [
"When the film was released in 2009 , Naâ vi had a growing vocabulary of about a thousand words , but understanding of its grammar was limited to the language 's creator ."
] | [
"But as a result of his research during two years , he has collected only about one hundred words ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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The first Na ` vi words were made by the professor Paul Frommer in 2005 for the film . | [
"Frommer expanded the vocabulary further in May 2009 when he worked on the Avatar video game , which required Na ` vi words that had not been needed for the film script and thus had not yet been invented . Frommer also translated into Na ` vi four sets of song lyrics that had been written by Cameron in English , an... | [
"They released an album labeled Puuhevonen with traditional children 's 's songs in 2007 , around the time their first children were born ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Na ` vi language is a language that was made for the Na ` vi in the 2009 film Avatar . | [
"The Na ` vi language was developed under three significant constraints ."
] | [
"Ù Ù Ø Ø Ù ) is one of the most popular films in the history of Pakistani cinema ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Floyd is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Floyd is a city in Floyd County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Fogo ( Portuguese for `` fire '' ) is a volcanic island in the Sotavento group of Cape Verde . | [
"Fogo ( Portuguese for `` fire '' ) is an island in the Sotavento group of Cape Verde ."
] | [
"Santa Maria , Portuguese for Saint Mary , is an island located in the eastern group of the Azores archipelago ( south of the island of SÃ # o Miguel ) and the southernmost island in the Azores ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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It is the most prominent of the group , rising to nearly 3,000 m ( 10,000 ft ) above sea level at Mount Fogo . | [
"It is the most prominent of the group , rising to nearly 3,000 m ( 10,000 ft ) above sea level at Pico do Fogo ."
] | [
"With a population of 1.7 million ( 2008 ) , the city is located 73 k inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of 277 m above sea level ."
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They won the championship a third time in 1985 . Switzer left Oklahoma in 1989 . | [
"Oklahoma won national championships in 1974 , 1975 and 1985 under Switzer 's leadership ."
] | [
"He would go on to coach the team on four separate occasions until 1945 and stayed as general manager until his retirement in 1954 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Switzer is one of only two head coaches to win both a college football national championship and a Super Bowl . He has one of the highest winning percentages in the history of college football . | [
"He has one of the highest winning percentages of any college football coach in history , and is one of only two head coaches to win both a college football national championship and a Super Bowl ( the other being a rival college head coach Jimmy Johnson . )"
] | [
"As of 2010 , current head coaches from the baseball , womenâ s golf , womenâ s gymnastics , men 's soccer , and women 's soccer programs had all received conference â Coach of the Yearâ honors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Barry Switzer ( born October 5 , 1937 in Crossett , Arkansas ) was an American football coach . He coached both professional and college football between 1962 and 1997 . | [
"Barry Switzer ( born October 5 , 1937 ) is a former football coach , active in the college and professional ranks between 1962 and 1997 ."
] | [
"David Patrick Jauss ( born January 16 , 1957 in Chicago , Illinois ) is a baseball coach who is currently the bench coach for the New York Mets , wearing number 56 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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After the 1966 season , Switzer became an assistant coach at the University of Oklahoma . | [
"Following the 1966 season , Switzer moved to the University of Oklahoma as an assistant coach under new Head Coach and good friend Jim Mackenzie ."
] | [
"A high school star in football , basketball , and baseball , Sizemore signed a letter of intent to play football and baseball at the University of Washington ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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In 1994 , Switzer became the coach for the Dallas Cowboys . | [
"Switzer resurfaced in coaching in 1994 with the Dallas Cowboys ."
] | [
"Before his pro career , Hicks played for the University of Michigan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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After the 1966 season , Switzer became an assistant coach at the University of Oklahoma . He became head coach there in 1973 . | [
"Switzer became head coach at Oklahoma in 1973 , leading the team to undefeated seasons that year and the next ."
] | [
"He was drafted by the Tennessee Oilers in the fourth round of the 1997 NFL Draft . He played college football at Michigan State ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Bunsen did not invent the burner , he made it better . Originally Michael Faraday developed the Bunsen burner . | [
"The most important alternatives to Bunsen burner are :"
] | [
"A boiling tube is a large cylindrical vessel used to strongly heat substances in the flame of a Bunsen burner ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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A Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment . | [
"A Bunsen burner , named after Robert Bunsen , is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame , which is used for heating , sterilization , and combustion ."
] | [
"A Florence flask ( also known as a boiling flask ) is a type of flask used as an item of laboratory glassware ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Tannià res is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Tannià res is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Villers-sur-F Ã re is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Berengaria ( , ; c. 1165-1170 â `` 23 December 1230 ) , was the oldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile . | [
"Berengaria of Navarre ( , ; c. 1165 â `` 1170 â `` 23 December 1230 ) was Queen of the English as the wife of King Richard I of England . She was the eldest daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile ."
] | [
"Matilda I ( or Maud ) ( 1105 ? â `` 3 May 1152 ) was suo jure Countess of Boulogne ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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; Mixed doubles : similar to the doubles game , but this version requires one man and one woman to be a team . | [
"Mixed doubles is played the same as doubles , but with each team comprising one man and one woman ."
] | [
"All golf tournaments meet the first definition , but while match play tournaments meet the second , stroke play tournaments do not , since there are no distinct matches within the tournament ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Traditionally , tennis is played between two people in a Singles match , or four players in a Doubles match . | [
"Traditionally , tennis is played between two people in a singles match , or two pairs in a doubles match ."
] | [
"Competitions are held between teams from both traditions with games alternating between codes , often one version being played in the morning and the other in the afternoon ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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; Wheelchair tennis : has the same thing as both singles and doubles , however , the ball may bounce twice before hitting it , the second bounce may even be outside the field . | [
"The main difference is that the ball may bounce twice before it is hit , the second bounce may even be outside the court . All four Grand Slam tournaments include wheelchair tennis ."
] | [
"However , it is a stroke to the player who hit the ball if the ball was traveling straight to the front wall when the ball hit the opponent , without having first hit the side wall ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Shaktoolik is a city in Alaska . | [
"Shaktoolik is located at ."
] | [
"Brevig Mission is a city in Nome Census Area , Alaska ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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The pan flute or pan pipe ( also known as panflute or panpipes ) is an old musical instrument that has five or more pipes of gradually increasing length ( and , at times , girth ) . | [
"The pan flute or pan pipe ( also known as panflute or panpipes ) is an ancient musical instrument based on the principle of the Closed tube , consisting usually of five or more pipes of gradually increasing length ( and , at times , girth ) ."
] | [
"Similar to the Medieval recorders , and unlike the Baroque style recorders typically used today , Renaissance recorders have a wide , more or less cylindrical bore . They have powerful low notes ( much more so than the Baroque recorders ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Music:",
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The pan flute has been a folk instrument , and is considered the first mouth organ , ancestor of both the pipe organ and the harmonica . | [
"The pan flute has long been popular as a folk instrument , and is considered the first mouth organ , ancestor of both the pipe organ and the harmonica ."
] | [
"Several changes in the construction of recorders took place in the seventeenth century , resulting in the type of instrument generally referred to as Baroque recorders , as opposed to the earlier Renaissance recorders ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Heo Jeong ( Hangul : í -- ì , Hanja : è æ '' , April 8 1896 - September 18 1988 ) was South Korean Politician and Independence activists . | [
"Heo Jeong ( Korea : í -- ì , Hanja : è æ '' , April 8 , 1896 in Pusan - September 18 , 1988 Seoul ) was Korean Politician and Indifendunce Activitists ."
] | [
"Ryuzo Hiraki ( å æ é ä Hiraki Ryuzo ; October 7 , 1931 -- January 2 , 2009 ) was a Japanese football player and manager ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Some southern rock music groups include : Lynyrd Skynyrd , The Allman Brothers Band and Molly Hatchet . | [
"Several of the original early 1970s hard rock Southern rock groups are still performing in 2010 . This list includes Marshall Tucker , Molly Hatchet , Outlaws , Gregg Allman , Allman Brothers Band , Lynyrd Skynyrd , ZZ Top , Black Oak Arkansas , Blackfoot , .38 Special and Dickey Betts ."
] | [
"The stadium has hosted concerts by many famous artists , including Byran Adams , Bon Jovi , David Bowie , David Cassidy , Dire Straits , Fleetwood Mac , Guns ` N Roses , Jean Michel Jarre , The New Power Generation , Oasis , Pink Floyd , Prince , Queen , The Rolling Stones , Simple Minds and Mavis Staples , among ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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It was a part of the United States Army until September 18 , 1947 . | [
"Initially part of the United States Army , the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18 , 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947 ."
] | [
"This led to the college 's elevation to university status on November 9 , 1965 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare branch of the United States armed forces and one of the seven uniformed services . | [
"The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services ."
] | [
"The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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For things named Crescent , see Crescent ( disambiguation ) . | [
"New Orleans is nicknamed The Crescent City , and a crescent , or crescent and star , is used to represent the city officially ."
] | [
"For other uses of Gisborne see Gisborne ( disambiguation ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Thomas SÃ rensen ( born 12 June 1976 ) is a Danish football player . He plays for Stoke City and Denmark national team . | [
"Thomas LÃ vendahl SÃ rensen ( born 12 June 1976 ) is a Danish professional football goalkeeper , who plays for Stoke City of the English Premiership ."
] | [
"Jason Culina ( , from Croatian Ä ulina ; born 5 August 1980 in Melbourne , Victoria ) is an Australian football ( soccer ) player who currently plays for Newcastle Jets and the Australia national football team ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Vimarcà is a commune of 236 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Vimarcà is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Corpe is a commune of the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He was a one time WWF Champion , one time WWF Tag Team Champion and the first inductee into the WWE Hall of Fame in 1993 . | [
"In 1993 , he was the first inductee into the WWF Hall of Fame ."
] | [
"Piper 's Pit returned during Piper 's short return to the WWE in 2003 . The segment also made a return in 2005 at WrestleMania 21 interviewing Stone Cold Steve Austin , the night after Rowdy Roddy Piper was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Andrà Renà Roussimoff ( May 19 , 1946 â `` January 27 , 1993 ) was a professional wrestler that wrestled for the WWF . | [
"Andrà Renà Roussimoff ( 19 May 1946 â `` 27 January 1993 ) , best known as Andrà the Giant , was a French professional wrestler and actor ."
] | [
"Ralph Clayton Almas , better known as Red Almas ( April 24 , 1924 -- May 13 , 2001 ) , was a professional ice hockey goaltender . ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Northwestern Oklahoma is the geographical region of the state of Oklahoma which includes the Oklahoma Panhandle , stretching to an eastern extent along Interstate 35 , and its southern extent along the Canadian River to Noble County . | [
"Northwestern Oklahoma is the geographical region of the state of Oklahoma which includes the Oklahoma Panhandle and a majority of the Cherokee Outlet , stretching to an eastern extent along Interstate 35 , and its southern extent along the Canadian River to Noble County ."
] | [
"The Flint Hills , historically known as Bluestem Pastures or Blue Stem Hills , are a band of hills in eastern Kansas stretching into north-central Oklahoma , extending from Marshall County in the north to Cowley County , Kansas and Osage County , Oklahoma in the south ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Familly is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Familly is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Juan Valera Espà n ( born 21 December 1984 ) is a Spanish football player . He plays for Atlà tico Madrid . | [
"Juan Valera Espà n ( born December 21 , 1984 in Murcia ) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Atlà tico Madrid in the Spanish first division ."
] | [
"à lvaro Alberto Saborà o Chacà n ( born March 25 , 1982 in Ciudad Quesada ) is a Costa Rican footballer , who currently plays for Real Salt Lake in Major League Soccer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the description about Sports:"
} |
He was Mayor of West Berlin from 1967 to 1977 , and was President of the Bundesrat in 1967\/68 . | [
"He was Mayor of West Berlin from 1967 to 1977 , serving as President of the Bundesrat in 1967\\/68 ."
] | [
"Heuss became a member of the German Democratic Party ( Deutsche Demokratische Partei , DDP ) , the political heir of the Fortschrittliche Volkspartei , in 1918 and was a member of parliament in the Reichstag from 1924 to 1928 and from 1930 to 1933 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The town is famous for its Papal Basilica and Waldsassen Abbey . | [
"The town is famous for its Papal basilica and the former Waldsassen Abbey , both in Baroque style ."
] | [
"The prison was near , though not part of , the Renaissance-era Spandau Citadel fortress ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Famous person from the town is the German footballer Dietmar Hamann . | [
"Notable personalities from the town include German footballer Dietmar Hamann ."
] | [
"Other important members during the next two decades included Daniel Fichelscher , Klaus Wiese and Robert Eliscu ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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It thereby removes ambiguity when doing other things with template pagenames , eg linking . | [
"It thereby removes ambiguity when doing other things with template pagenames , e.g. linking ."
] | [
"php may be upgraded at some future date to account for this problem , in which case a bot can be created to convert instances to the new , improved `` Super - ) , with other references and inline superscript templates present so one can see how it looks when used in series , and at a later ( ) occurrence ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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Goran VasilijeviÄ ( born 27 August 1965 ) is a former Serbian football player . | [
"Goran VasilijeviÄ ( Serbian Cyrillic : Ð `` opaÐ 1\\/2 BacÐ Ñ eÐ Ð Ñ ; born 27 August 1965 ) is a Serbian former football player ."
] | [
"Zlatko `` Cico '' KranjÄ ar ( ; born 15 November 1956 in Zagreb ) is a Croatian football manager and former striker ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
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} |
The Alfa Romeo 156 is a automobile produced by Alfa Romeo . It replaced the Alfa Romeo 155 in 1997 , and were replaced by the Alfa Romeo 159 in 2005 . | [
"The Alfa Romeo 156 ( known internally as the type 932 ) is a compact executive car introduced by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155 ."
] | [
"The SEAT Toledo is an automobile built and marketed by Spanish automaker SEAT , part of Volkswagen Group . The Toledo name was first introduced to the SEAT line-up in May 1991 , with the third and more recent generation was introduced in late 2004 as a 2005 model year car ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The reddish brown Viceroys mimic the Queen ( Danaus gilippus ) and the Soldier ( Danaus eresimus ) . | [
"In Florida , Georgia , and the Southwest , Viceroys share the pattern of the Queen Butterfly ( Danaus gilippus ) and in Mexico they share the pattern of the Soldier Butterfly ( Danaus eresimus ) . In all three areas , the local Danaus population mimic the coloration of the Viceroy species ."
] | [
"The Mexican Fritillary ( Euptoieta hegesia ) is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The orange Viceroys mimic the Monarch ( Danaus plexippus ) . | [
"Its wings feature an orange and black pattern , and over most of its range it is a MÃ 1\\/4 llerian mimic with the Monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) ."
] | [
"The White-dotted Cattleheart ( Parides alopius ) is an endemic Mexican butterfly in the family Papilionidae ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The WWE Intercontinental Championship was first known as the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) Intercontinental Championship , until the WWE\/WWF 2002 Lawsuit . | [
"The WWE Intercontinental Championship was originally known as the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship ."
] | [
"RVD 's title reign is not listed in the official European title history on WWE 's official website , but is acknowledged in RVD 's profile and in WWE 's official encyclopedia ( It should be noted that despite the fact that RVD also won and merged the WWE Hardcore Championship in the same fashion , he is recognized... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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