query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
A group of nine convicts and two children , led by William Bryant , stole a small uncovered government boat and escaped from Port Jackson , Australia . | [
"A group of nine convicts and two children , led by William Bryant , stole a small uncovered government boat and escaped from Port Jackson ."
] | [
"In November 1835 , Captain Robson Coltish , master of the barque Norval sailed from Launceston , then crossing Bass Strait with a cargo of 500 sheep and 50 Hereford cattle which had been consigned by Dr. Alexander Thomson ."
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The city is located in West Timor on the island of Timor , and had a population estimated in 2010 at 335,050 . | [
"The city is located in West Timor , and had a population estimated in 2010 at 335,050 ."
] | [
"The 2001 Indian census reported the population of the city to be over 1,500,000 , with that of the entire district numbering just over 3,695,077 ."
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The Mutiny on the Bounty took place about 30 nautical miles ( 56 km ) from Tofua . | [
"The Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1789 ) took place about 30 nautical miles ( 56 km ) from Tofua ."
] | [
"The island was most probably populated by Polynesians who navigated in canoes or catamarans from the Marquesas Islands , 3200 k away , or the Gambier Islands ( Mangareva , 2600 k away ) ."
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Kupang was the final destination of William Bligh who was set adrift in an open boat during the Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1789 ) . | [
"Kupang was the final destination of William Bligh who was set adrift in an open boat during the Mutiny on the Bounty ."
] | [
"Fletcher Christian ( 25 September 1764 -- 20 September 1793 ) was a master 's mate on board the Bounty during William Bligh 's fateful voyage to Tahiti for breadfruit plants ( see Mutiny on the Bounty ) ."
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News of the journey of Captain Bligh inspired the escape of a party of convicts from the penal colony at Sydney Cove , Australia . | [
"News of the journey of Captain Bligh inspired the escape of a party of convicts from the penal colony at Sydney Cove ."
] | [
"Gilbert then sailed for Sydney , in the middle of June 1840 took ship to Port Essington in the north of Australia , and in March 1841 sailed to Singapore calling at Timor on the way ."
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He was the leader of the Social Democratic political party , but quit in March 2007 . He was replaced by Mona Sahlin as leader of the party , the partys first woman to do so . | [
"Conceding defeat in the September 2006 general election , he announced that he would resign as party leader , and Mona Sahlin was elected to succeed him as party leader in March 2007 ."
] | [
"The National Democrats ( Nationaldemokraterna , ND ) is a minor political party in Sweden , formed by a faction of the Sweden Democrats in October 2001 ."
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GÃ ran Persson ( born January 20 1949 ) was the Prime minister of Sweden between 1996 and 2006 . | [
"Hans GÃ ran Persson ( born 20 January 1949 ) was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007 ."
] | [
"JarosÅ aw Aleksander KaczyÅ ski ( ; ( born 18 June 1949 ) is a conservative Polish politician who served as Prime Minister from July 2006 to November 2007 ."
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In 1847 Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis brought down infant mortality at a Vienna hospital by instituting a disinfection procedure . | [
"Another important pioneer was Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis , who in 1847 brought down infant mortality at a Vienna hospital by instituting a disinfection procedure ."
] | [
"When Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered radiation at the end of the 19th century , they stumbled upon the first effective non-surgical cancer treatment ."
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Dr. John Snow investigated into the causes of the 19th Century Cholera epidemics . | [
"Dr. John Snow is famous for his investigations into the causes of the 19th century cholera epidemics ."
] | [
"His identification of the Broad Street pump as the cause of the Soho epidemic is considered the classic example of epidemiology ."
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He refuted Galen 's miasma theory ( poison gas in sick people ) . | [
"In this way he refuted Galen 's miasma theory ( poison gas in sick people ) ."
] | [
"Cortisol 's original purpose may have been sodium transport ."
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Epidemiologists work from outbreak investigation to study design , data collection and analysis including the development of statistical models to test hypotheses and the documentation of results . Epidemiologists also study the interaction of diseases in a population . | [
"In the study of communicable and non-communicable diseases , epidemiologists are involved in outbreak investigation to study design , data collection , statistical analysis , documentation of results and submission for publication ."
] | [
"Over the past 50 years , great efforts have been spent on gathering data across medical practice , hospital , provincial , state , and even country boundaries to study the interdependence of environmental and cultural factors on cancer incidence ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Epidemiology:",
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But the term is used in studies of zoological populations , although there is the term ` epizoology ' , and it has also been applied to studies of plant populations . | [
"However , the term is widely used in studies of zoological populations ( veterinary epidemiology ) , although the term ` epizoology ' is available , and it has also been applied to studies of plant populations ( botanical epidemiology ) ."
] | [
"In America , topography has recently become an additional synonym , though in many parts of the world it retains its original more general meaning of description of place ."
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It also is an important methodology of public health research , and an evidence-based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease and determining optimal treatment approaches to clinical practice . | [
"It is the cornerstone method of public health research , and helps inform evidence-based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease and determining optimal treatment approaches to clinical practice and for preventive medicine ."
] | [
"During the 20th century , the dramatic increase in average life span is widely credited to public health achievements , such as vaccination programs and control of infectious diseases , effective safety policies such as motor-vehicle and occupational safety , improved family planning , chlorination of drinking wat... | SimpleWiki | {
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He noticed the significantly higher death rates in two areas supplied by Southwark Company . | [
"He began with noticing the significantly higher death rates in two areas supplied by Southwark Company ."
] | [
"It has also strayed once into the United States in southeastern Arizona ."
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Epidemiology is the study of factors which affect the health and illness of populations by communicable and non-communicable diseases . | [
"Epidemiology is the study of patterns of health and illness and associated factors at the population level ."
] | [
"Bronchitis can be divided into two categories , acute and chronic , each of which has unique etiologies , pathologies , and therapies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Epidemiology:",
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Epidemiologists use informatics as a tool . | [
"Modern epidemiologists use informatics as a tool ."
] | [
"It aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations , which are applicable in a variety of areas , such as engineering , biology , medicine and social sciences ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Epidemiology:",
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Epidemiologists rely on biology ( to better understand disease processes ) , biostatistics ( the current raw information available ) , Geographic Information Science ( to store data and map disease patterns ) and social science disciplines ( to better understand proximate and distal risk factors ) . | [
"Epidemiologists rely on a number of other scientific disciplines such as biology ( to better understand disease processes ) , biostatistics ( the current raw information available ) and social science disciplines ( to better understand proximate and distal risk factors ) ."
] | [
"ISIS members use the basic biologic information ( age , sex , parentage , place of birth , circumstance of death , etc. ) collected in the ISIS system to care for and manage their animal collections ( including demographic and genetic management in many cases ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Epidemiology:",
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Many epidemiologists are physicians , or hold graduate degrees of Master of Public Health ( MPH ) , Master of Science or Epidemiology ( MSc . ) . | [
"Many epidemiologists are physicians , or hold graduate degrees such as a Master of Public Health ( MPH ) , Master of Science or Epidemiology ( MSc . ) ."
] | [
"In the U.S. , one can enter veterinary school ( DVM ) after completing the undergraduate pre-veterinary requirements in as little as two years , but most veterinary school applicants have completed a bachelor 's degree before entry into a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program in 28 US Veterinary Schools ."
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"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Epidemiology:",
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Unfortunately , disinfection did not become widely practiced until British surgeon Joseph Lister ` discovered ' antiseptics in 1865 in light of the work of Louis Pasteur . | [
"Disinfection did not become widely practiced until British surgeon Joseph Lister ` discovered ' antiseptics in 1865 in light of the work of Louis Pasteur ."
] | [
"Through the centuries it was discovered that cancer could occur anywhere in the body , but humor-theory based treatment remained popular until the 19th century with the discovery of cells ."
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Some epidemiologists work in the community , commonly in a public health\/health protection service and are at the forefront of investigating and combating disease outbreaks . | [
"Some epidemiologists work ` in the field ' ; i.e. , in the community , commonly in a public health\\/health protection service and are often at the forefront of investigating and combating disease outbreaks ."
] | [
"In practice , pharmacovigilance refers almost exclusively to spontaneous reporting systems which allow health care professionals and others to report adverse drug reactions to the central agency ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Often the uncertainties about these findings are not communicated well ; news articles often prominently report the latest result of one study with little mention of its limitations , or context . | [
"Often the uncertainties about these findings are not communicated well ; news articles often prominently report the latest result of one study with little mention of its limitations , caveats , or context ."
] | [
"Epidemiological tools have proved effective in establishing major causes of diseases like cholera and lung cancer , but have had problems with more subtle health issues , and several recent epidemiological results on medical treatments ( for example , on the effects of hormone replacement therapy ) have been refut... | SimpleWiki | {
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It applies only to human populations . | [
"Epidemiology , literally meaning `` the study of what is upon the people '' , is derived , suggesting that it applies only to human populations ."
] | [
"This is a general category that includes all natural objects in space ."
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In 1543 , he in his book De contagione et contagiosis morbis was the first to promote personal and environmental hygiene to prevent disease . | [
"In 1543 he wrote a book De contagione et contagiosis morbis , in which he was the first to promote personal and environmental hygiene to prevent disease ."
] | [
"Through the centuries it was discovered that cancer could occur anywhere in the body , but humor-theory based treatment remained popular until the 19th century with the discovery of cells ."
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Epidemiological studies are aimed , where possible , at revealing unbiased relationships between ( ( Exposure Assessment Exposure exposures ) ) such as alcohol or smoking , biological agents , stress , or chemicals to mortality or morbidity . | [
"Epidemiological studies are aimed , where possible , at revealing unbiased relationships between exposures such as alcohol or smoking , biological agents , stress , or chemicals to mortality or morbidity ."
] | [
"These can be effects on the organism in which the gene resides , the environment , or other organisms ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Epidemiology:",
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The term has expanded considerably in scope since to cover the description and causation of not only epidemic disease , but of disease in general , and even many non-disease health-related conditions , such as high blood pressure and obesity . | [
"The term epidemiology is now widely applied to cover the description and causation of not only epidemic disease , but of disease in general , and even many non-disease health-related conditions , such as high blood pressure and obesity ."
] | [
"While undisputed boundaries do not exist , human biology is typically distinguished from conventional medical research by an enhanced focus on international , population-level perspectives on health , and on human evolution , adaptation , and population genetics rather than individual diagnosis ."
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Epidemiological tools have proved effective in establishing major causes of diseases like cholera and lung cancer but have had problems with more subtle health issues , and several recent epidemiological results on medical treatments ( for example , on the effects of hormone replacement therapy ) have been refuted by later randomized controlled trials . | [
"Epidemiological tools have proved effective in establishing major causes of diseases like cholera and lung cancer , but have had problems with more subtle health issues , and several recent epidemiological results on medical treatments ( for example , on the effects of hormone replacement therapy ) have been refut... | [
"Often the uncertainties about these findings are not communicated well ; news articles often prominently report the latest result of one study with little mention of its limitations , caveats , or context ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Italian doctor from Verona named Girolamo Fracastoro was the first to propose a theory that these very small , unseeable , particles that cause disease were alive . | [
"In the middle of the 16th century , a doctor from Verona named Girolamo Fracastoro was the first to propose a theory that these very small , unseeable , particles that cause disease were alive ."
] | [
"During the same period , the idea that the body was made up of various tissues , that in turn were made up of millions of cells , laid rest the humor-theories about chemical imbalances in the body ."
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Hippocrates is viewed as the father of epidemiology as the first who has examined the relationships between the occurrence of disease and environmental influences . | [
"The Greek physician Hippocrates is sometimes said to be the father of epidemiology . He is the first person known to have examined the relationships between the occurrence of disease and environmental influences ."
] | [
"Over the past 50 years , great efforts have been spent on gathering data across medical practice , hospital , provincial , state , and even country boundaries to study the interdependence of environmental and cultural factors on cancer incidence ."
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"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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His identification of the Broad Street pump as the cause of the Soho epidemic is the classic example of epidemiology . | [
"His identification of the Broad Street pump as the cause of the Soho epidemic is considered the classic example of epidemiology ."
] | [
"Marshall 's illness and recovery , based on a culture of organisms extracted from a patient , fulfilled Koch 's postulates for H. pylori and gastritis , but not for peptic ulcer ."
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Others work for non-profit organizations , universities , hospitals and larger government entities such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , the Health Protection Agency , The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) . | [
"Others work for non-profit organizations , universities , hospitals and larger government entities such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , the Health Protection Agency , The World Health Organization ( WHO ) , or the Public Health Agency of Canada ."
] | [
"Pasteurization methods are usually standardized and controlled by national food safety agencies ( such as the USDA in the United States and the Food Standards Agency in the United Kingdom ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Epidemiology has its limits at the point where an inference is made that the relationship between an agent and a disease is causal ( general causation ) and where the magnitude of excess risk attributed to the agent has been determined ; that is , epidemiology addresses whether an agent can cause a disease , not whether an agent did cause a specific plaintiffâ s disease . | [
"Epidemiology has its limits at the point where an inference is made that the relationship between an agent and a disease is causal ( general causation ) and where the magnitude of excess risk attributed to the agent has been determined ; that is , epidemiology addresses whether an agent can cause a disease , not w... | [
"The placebo effect has sometimes been defined as a physiological effect caused by the placebo , but Moerman and Jonas have pointed out that this seems illogical , as a placebo is an inert substance which does not directly cause anything . Instead they introduced the word `` meaning response '' for the meaning the ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Another Andalusian-Arabian physician , Ibn al-Khatib ( 1313 â `` 1374 ) in his treatise On the Plague stated how infectious disease can be transmitted through bodily contact and `` through garments , vessels and earrings . | [
"Another 14th century Andalusian-Arabian physician , Ibn al-Khatib ( 1313 â `` 1374 ) , wrote a treatise called On the Plague , in which he stated how infectious disease can be transmitted through bodily contact and `` through garments , vessels and earrings . ''"
] | [
"The name comes from the Ancient Greek aÄ `` dÄ `` s , meaning `` unpleasant '' or `` odious '' , so called because of the diseases this type of mosquito transmits , including dengue fever and yellow fever ."
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Booker T. & the M.G. 's are a rhythm and blues ( R&B ) music band that are important in the history of soul music . | [
"Booker T. & the M.G. 's is an instrumental R&B band that was influential in shaping the sound of southern soul and Memphis soul ."
] | [
"James was a popular performer in the late 1970s and 1980s , scoring four # 1 hits on the U.S. R&B charts performing in the genres of funk and R&B ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Since Al Jackson , Jr. was murdered in 1975 , the band have used several drummers . | [
"Al Jackson , Jr. was murdered in 1975 ."
] | [
"At that point , the original band dissolved . Paul Ellington , Mercer 's youngest son and executor of the Duke Ellington estate , kept the Duke Ellington Orchestra going from Mercer 's death onwards ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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People liked them so much and felt they were so important they were given an award of being named in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 . | [
"The band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 ."
] | [
"He was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame later the same year ."
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They worked at Stax Records , and played music on hundreds of important records by famous singers such as Wilson Pickett , Otis Redding , Bill Withers , Sam & Dave , Carla Thomas and Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor . | [
"In the 1960s , as members of the house band of Stax Records , they played on hundreds of recordings by artists such as Wilson Pickett , Otis Redding , Bill Withers , Sam & Dave , Carla and Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor ."
] | [
"The first group of inductees , inducted on January 23 , 1986 , included James Brown , Little Richard , Elvis Presley , Fats Domino , Ray Charles , Chuck Berry , Sam Cooke , The Everly Brothers , Buddy Holly , and Jerry Lee Lewis ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Steinberg left the band in 1965 , and Donald `` Duck '' Dunn joined the band . | [
"In 1965 , Steinberg was replaced by Donald `` Duck '' Dunn , who has played with the group ever since ."
] | [
"Tony Tabac played drums that night after joining the band two days earlier . Mason was soon made the band 's manager and Tabac was replaced on drums in June 1977 by Steve Brotherdale , who also played in the punk band Panik ."
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Magnus Rosà n started to play the bass when he was 15 years old . | [
"Magnus Rosà n started to play bass when he was 15 years old ."
] | [
"Born in Leicester , he started to learn the piano around the age of six ."
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He became a member in the Swedish heavy metal band HammerFall in 1997 . | [
"He became a member of the Swedish heavy metal band Hammerfall in 1997 ."
] | [
"Crucified Barbara is a Swedish all-female metal band , formed in Stockholm in 1998 ."
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Klas Magnus Rosà n is a Swedish musician , born 1963 in Gothenburg , and was the bassist of Swedish band HammerFall . | [
"Klas Magnus Rosà n is a Swedish musician , born 1963 in Gothenburg , and is best known for being the bassist of the Swedish band HammerFall during the years 1997-2007 ."
] | [
"Jesper Strà mblad ( born November 28 , 1972 ) is the founder and former guitarist of the Swedish melodic death metal band In Flames ."
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Lakki Marwat is a city in Pakistan . | [
"Lakki Marwat or Lakki is the headquarters of Lakki Marwat District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan ."
] | [
"Kech or Turbat district is a district in Balochistan province of Pakistan ."
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GÃ rald Passi ( born 24 January 1964 ) is a former French football player . | [
"GÃ rald Passi ( born 21 January 1964 in Albi , France ) is a former football midfielder ."
] | [
"Roberto Tricella ( born 18 March 1959 ) is a former Italian footballer ."
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Starlings are generally a highly social family . | [
"The starlings are generally a highly social family ."
] | [
"Blue and Great Tits form mixed winter flocks , and the former are perhaps the better gymnasts in the slender twigs ."
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Starlings have strong feet , their flight is strong and direct , and they are very gregarious ( social ) . | [
"Starlings have strong feet , their flight is strong and direct , and they are very gregarious ."
] | [
"Most of them inhabit the open forest and woodlands and are nocturnal , making it difficult to see them ."
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Several species live around humans , and are effectively omnivores . | [
"Several species live around human habitation , and are effectively omnivores ."
] | [
"They mostly live hidden in the ground , which makes them one of the least known orders of amphibians ."
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Several European and Asian species have been introduced to these areas as well as to North America , Hawaii and New Zealand . In these new areas they compete for habitat with native birds , and are invasive species . | [
"Several European and Asian species have been introduced to these areas as well as North America , Hawaii and New Zealand , where they generally compete for habitat with native birds and are considered to be invasive species ."
] | [
"Although it is not threatened globally , there have been serious population declines in parts of Europe , possibly due to changes in farming practices ."
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Starlings have varied and complex songs , and may copy sounds from their surroundings , including car alarms , and human speech . | [
"Starlings have diverse and complex vocalizations , and have been known to embed sounds from their surroundings into their own calls , including car alarms , and human speech patterns ."
] | [
"A hearing dog is a specific type of assistance dog specifically selected and trained to assist people who are deaf or hearing impaired by alerting their handler to important sounds , such as doorbells , smoke alarms , ringing telephones , or alarm clocks ."
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Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen . | [
"Plumage of many species is typically dark with a metallic sheen ."
] | [
"The Curl-crested Manucode , Manucodia comrii is a compact and large , approximately 43 cm long , bird of paradise with glossy purple , black and green plumage , red iris and crinkled yellowish-green upper breast and neck feathers ."
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Most species associate in flocks of varying sizes throughout the year . These flocks may include other species of starlings and sometimes species from other families . | [
"Most species associate in flocks of varying sizes throughout the year , these flocks may include other species of starlings and sometimes species from other families ."
] | [
"Most of them inhabit the open forest and woodlands and are nocturnal , making it difficult to see them ."
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This sociality is obvious in their roosting behavior . In the non-breeding season some roosts can number thousands of birds . | [
"This sociality is particularly evident in the their roosting behavior ; in the non-breeding season some roosts can number in the thousands of birds ."
] | [
"They rarely go above 100 m. The Arabian Ostriches in the Near and Middle East were hunted to extinction by the middle of the 20th century . Ostriches normally spend the winter months in pairs or alone ."
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The birds can recognize particular individuals by their calls . | [
"The birds can recognize particular individuals by their calls , and are currently the subject of research into the evolution of human language ."
] | [
"Manatees are believed to see in color ."
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Categories that show a user 's status or type of changes to the Wikipedia . | [
"Categories that denote a user 's status or type of contribution to the Wikipedia ."
] | [
"The single web address for the act 's primary official website ."
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The word `` ruminant '' comes from the Latin word ruminaire which means `` to chew over again '' . | [
"The word `` ruminant '' comes from the Latin ruminare , which means `` to chew over again '' ."
] | [
"The term `` vermiform '' comes from Latin and means `` worm-shaped '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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There are 3.5 billion domestic ruminants , with about 95 % being cattle , goats and sheep . | [
"The population of domestic ruminants is greater than 3.5 billion , with cattle , sheep , and goats accounting for about 95 % of the total population ."
] | [
"As of 2002 , the silk industry produces over 130 million kilograms of raw silk , worth about 250 million U.S. dollars , each year ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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There are also about 75 million wild ruminants . They can be found anywhere except for the continents Australia and Antarctica . | [
"Wild ruminants number at least 75 million and are native to all continents except Australia and Antarctica ."
] | [
"The water hemisphere has only one-eighth of the world 's land , including Australia , New Zealand , Antarctica , the Malay Archipelago , and the southern part of South America ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Ruminating mammals include cattle , goats , sheep , giraffes , bison , yaks , water buffalo , deer , camels , alpacas , llamas , wildebeest , antelope , pronghorn , and nilgai . | [
"Ruminating mammals include cattle , goats , sheep , giraffes , bison , moose , elk , yaks , water buffalo , deer , camels , alpacas , llamas , wildebeest , antelope , pronghorn , and nilgai ."
] | [
"It mainly infects birds , but is known to infect humans , horses , dogs , cats , bats , chipmunks , skunks , squirrels , domestic rabbits , crocodiles and alligators ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The four parts of the stomach are the rumen , reticulum , omasum , and abomasum . | [
"The four parts of the stomach are rumen , reticulum , omasum , and abomasum ."
] | [
"The jejunum lies between the duodenum and the ileum ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Almost all the glucose produced by breaking down the cellulose is used by microbes in the rumen , and so ruminants usually absorb little glucose from the small intestine . | [
"Almost all the glucose produced by the breaking down of cellulose and hemi-cellulose is used by microbes in the rumen , and as such ruminants usually absorb little glucose from the small intestine ."
] | [
"Due to the relatively lower level of proteins in vegetable matter , herbivore manure has a milder smell than the dung of carnivores or omnivores -- for example , elephant dung is practically odorless ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Rather , ruminants ' requirement for glucose ( for brain function and lactation if appropriate ) is made by the liver . | [
"Rather , ruminants ' requirement for glucose ( for brain function and lactation if appropriate ) is made by the liver from propionate , one of the volatile fatty acids made in the rumen ."
] | [
"Also , the cell membrane chemistry of fungi is different from that of plants ( including organic acid excretion which aids in ion displacement ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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13 % of psychiatric patients had BDD . | [
"13 % of psychiatric inpatients were diagnosed with BDD ."
] | [
"10 â `` 15 % of lung cancer patients have never smoked ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Sigmund Freud had an important Russian person ( Sergei Pankejeff ) with him in the past , who would have been classified as having the disorder in modern times . Freud named him `` The Wolf Man '' , to protect Pankejeff 's identity . | [
"In his practice , Freud had a patient who would today be diagnosed with the disorder : Russian aristocrat Sergei Pankejeff ( nicknamed `` The Wolf Man '' by Freud himself in order to protect Pankejeff 's identity ) , had a preoccupation with his nose to such an extent it greatly limited his functioning ."
] | [
"It was rumored that his former pupil and Nazi Party member , Martin Heidegger , informed Husserl that he was discharged , but Heidegger later denied this , labeling it as slander ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
In a study of 54 patients with BDD , some of them had Cognitive Behavior Therapy , and some had no treatment . BDD symptoms decreased a lot in those patients undergoing CBT . | [
"In a study of 54 BDD patients who were randomly assigned to Cognitive Behavior Therapy or no treatment , BDD symptoms decreased significantly in those patients undergoing CBT ."
] | [
"When the manic behaviors have gone , long-term treatment then focuses on prophylactic treatment to try to stabilize the patient 's mood , typically through a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
In research done on 17 patients with BDD , BDD was ` found ' in only five patients , and none of the patients had a proper diagnosis of BDD even though they all in fact had BDD . | [
"In a study of 17 patients with BDD , BDD was noted in only five patient charts , and none of the patients received an official diagnosis of BDD ."
] | [
"Prevalence is difficult to generalize , but research has estimated 10 â `` 15 % of the general population as having at least one such sexual contact , with less than 2 % involving intercourse or attempted intercourse ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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In most examples , BDD is not found even when people have it . | [
"People with BDD often have more than one area of concern ."
] | [
"Also the relationship is usually , but not always , secret ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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53 patients with OCD and 53 patients with BDD were compared to each other in research . Clinical features , comorbidity , family history , and population features were compared between the two groups . | [
"53 patients with OCD and 53 patients with BDD were compared on clinical features , comorbidity , family history , and demographic features ."
] | [
"A more recent Brazilian study of 44 patients with Tourette syndrome found a 14 % rate of coprolalia ; a Costa Rican study of 85 subjects found 20 % had coprolalia ; a Chilean study of 70 patients found an 8.5 % rate of coprolalia ; older studies in Japan reported a 4 % incidence of coprolalia ; and a still older c... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Research also found that some of the patients who were firstly diagnosed with OCD , also had BDD . | [
"Some of the patients initially diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) had BDD , as well ."
] | [
"Some 35 per cent of the subjects examined by Stevenson had birthmarks or birth defects ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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The results showed that BDD is in 0.7 % - 1.1 % of community samples and 2 % -13 % of non-clinical samples . | [
"The results showed that BDD occurs in 0.7 â `` 1.1 % of community samples and 2 â `` 13 % of non-clinical samples ."
] | [
"A more recent Brazilian study of 44 patients with Tourette syndrome found a 14 % rate of coprolalia ; a Costa Rican study of 85 subjects found 20 % had coprolalia ; a Chilean study of 70 patients found an 8.5 % rate of coprolalia ; older studies in Japan reported a 4 % incidence of coprolalia ; and a still older c... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
A German study has shown that 1-2 % of the population has complete BDD , but a bigger percentage of people show some of the effects ( Psychological Medicine , vol 36 , p 877 ) . | [
"A German study has shown that 1 â `` 2 % of the population meet all the diagnostic criteria of BDD , with a larger percentage showing milder symptoms of the disorder ( Psychological Medicine , vol . 36 , p. 877 ) ."
] | [
"Prevalence is difficult to generalize , but research has estimated 10 â `` 15 % of the general population as having at least one such sexual contact , with less than 2 % involving intercourse or attempted intercourse ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
How bad each person 's BDD was , was assessed using the `` Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale '' , modified for BDD . Symptoms were assessed with the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination . | [
"The severity of BDD was assessed using the Yaleâ `` Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for BDD , and symptoms were assessed using a Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination Sheet ."
] | [
"The diagnosis of AS is complicated by the use of several different screening instruments , including the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale ( ASDS ) , Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire ( ASSQ ) , Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test ( CAST ) , Gilliam Asperger 's Disorder Scale ( GADS ) , Krug Asperger 's Disord... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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At the end of 12 weeks , 53 % of patients responded to the fluoxetine . | [
"At the end of treatment , 53 % of patients responded to the fluoxetine ."
] | [
"A small study has shown that in one test group , recent full intercourse resulted in the lowest average blood pressure in stressful situations ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Sexual health and behavior:"
} |
However , Cognitive Behavior Therapy ( CBT ) has been found to be more effective . | [
"Studies have found that Cognitive Behavior Therapy ( CBT ) has proven effective ."
] | [
"Also , many physicians or diabetes specialists do n't recognize LADA or probably do n't know the condition actually exists , and so LADA is misdiagnosed as or mistaken for Type 2 diabetes highly often ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
74 subjects were enrolled in a placebo controlled study group to evaluate the efficiency of fluoxetine hydrochloride , a SSRI drug . Patients were randomized to receive 12-weeks of double-blind treatment with fluoxetine or the placebo . | [
"74 subjects were enrolled in a placebo-controlled study group to evaluate the efficiency of fluoxetine hydrochloride ( Prozac ) ; patients were enrolled in a 12-weeks , double-blind , randomized study ."
] | [
"A study performed at Birmingham ( UK ) University , showed that average fat oxidation rates were 17 % higher after ingestion of green tea extract than after ingestion of a placebo ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Both tests were made just for BDD . | [
"Both tests were designed specifically to assess BDD ."
] | [
", etc. just the numbers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Dr. Katharine Philips did research , with more than 500 people with BDD , on the percentage of patients unhappy with the most common parts of the body ; | [
"In research carried out by Dr. Katharine Philips , involving over 500 patients , the percentage of patients concerned with the most common locations were as follows ;"
] | [
"The medical community began paying more attention than previously to primary sleep disorders , such as sleep apnea , as well as the role and quality of sleep in other conditions . By the 1970s in the USA , clinics and laboratories devoted to the study of sleep and sleep disorders had been founded , and a need for ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
( 8 ) Due to low levels of serotonin in the brain , another commonly used treatment is SSRI drugs ( Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor ) . | [
"Due to believed low levels of serotonin in the brain , another commonly used treatment is SSRI drugs ( Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor ) ."
] | [
"The main acute causes are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( also known as NSAIDs ) such as aspirin or ibuprofen ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Some people say that there is a link between undiagnosed BDD and a higher than average suicide rate with people who had cosmetic surgery . | [
"There has also been a suggested link between undiagnosed BDD and a higher-than-average suicide rate among people who have undergone cosmetic surgery ."
] | [
"It may also reflect a selective effect : people with chronic life-threatening illnesses are less likely to become wealthy or to reside in affluent areas ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Health and Economics:"
} |
9 of the 62 subjects ( 14.5 % ) of those with OCD also had BDD . | [
"Nine of the 62 subjects ( 14.5 % ) of those with OCD also had BDD ."
] | [
"About 25 % of cases are `` bulbar onset '' ALS ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
BDD is often wrongly thought of as a ` vanity ' obsession , but it is actually the opposite , because people with BDD believe they are very ugly , even though people without BDD do not think they are . | [
"BDD is often misunderstood as a vanity-driven obsession , whereas it is quite the opposite ; people with BDD do not believe themselves to be better looking than others , but instead feel that their perceived `` defect '' is irrevocably ugly or not good enough . People with BDD may compulsively look at themselves i... | [
"Likewise , amicability is an important component of popularity , as a person who does not like others is unlikely to be liked by others ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Social dynamics:"
} |
Saint-Jean-de-Gonville is a commune . | [
"Saint-Jean-de-Gonville is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | [
"Sallaumines is a commune of northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
The British Museum in London is one of the world 's largest and most important museums of human history and culture . | [
"The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London ."
] | [
"The park , which receives approximately thirty-five million visitors annually , is the most visited urban park in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Zoology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Zoology:",
"neg": "Represent the text about American parks and landmarks:"
} |
It has more than seven million objects from all continents . They illustrate and document the story of human culture from its beginning to the present . | [
"Its collections , which number more than seven million objects , are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents , illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present ."
] | [
"In other words , English literature is as diverse as the varieties and dialects of English spoken around the world ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Language:"
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The company operates the Wales and Border railway franchise from the company of the same name in December 2003 . | [
"The company took over operation of the reorganised Wales and Border railway franchise from the company of the same name in December 2003 ."
] | [
"Megatrain offers low cost intercity train train travel , using yield management pricing , on East Midlands Trains and South West Trains which are rail franchises in the United Kingdom operated by Scottish-based Stagecoach Group ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Arriva Trains Wales is a train operating company , owned by Arriva , that operates passenger services in Wales and the Welsh Marches . | [
"Arriva Trains Wales is a train operating company , ultimately owned by Deutsche Bahn , that operates urban and inter urban passenger services in Wales and the Welsh Marches ."
] | [
"The Grand Central Railway Company Limited is a privately-owned train operating company operating passenger rail services under the name Grand Central on the East Coast Main Line ( ECML ) in the United Kingdom ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
They have made direct services between North and South Wales , and the reintroduction of passenger services on freight-only portions of the Vale of Glamorgan Line and Ebbw Vale Line . | [
"This has included the introduction of direct services between North and South Wales , and the reintroduction of passenger services on freight-only portions of the Vale of Glamorgan Line and Ebbw Vale Line ."
] | [
"The railway line from Queens Park to Watford Junction , currently served by London Overground , would then be served only by the Bakerloo Line ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Transportation:"
} |
The Roman Emperor Constantine I moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the city of Byzantium , and he renamed the city Constantinople . | [
"Centered on the capital of Constantinople , it was ruled by emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman emperors after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire . As the distinction between `` Roman Empire '' and `` Byzantine Empire '' is largely a modern convention , it is not possible to assign a date of s... | [
"Originating in the eastern Mediterranean coast of the Middle East ( modern Israel and Palestine ) , it quickly spread to Syria , Mesopotamia , Asia Minor and Egypt , it grew in size and influence over a few decades , and by the 4th century had become the dominant religion within the Roman Empire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
The Byzantine Empire ( or Eastern Roman Empire ) was the name of the Greek part of the Roman Empire which survived into the Middle Ages . | [
"The Byzantine Empire ( or Byzantium ) was the predominantly Greek-speaking eastern part of the Roman Empire throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages . Also known as the Eastern Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire was called simply Roman Empire ( Greek : , Basileia RhŠmaiŠn ) or Romania ( , RhŠmanà a ) by i... | [
"The Goth leader Theodoric the Great , king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths , was allied by marriage with the Vandals as well as with the Burgundians and the Franks under Clovis I. Like the Goths , the Vandals , whose influence can best be judged in their longest-lasting kingdom in North Africa , were... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Many years later , after the city of Rome was taken over by Germanic people , the ` Roman ' Empire was moved to Constantinople , and a new empire was born . The new empire had a smaller territory than the original Roman Empire . | [
"If the existence of the Ancient Roman Empire ( including the Western Roman Empire ) and that of the Eastern Roman\\/Byzantine Empire is combined , the whole Roman Empire had existed for 1480 years ."
] | [
"It has been under the rule of various empires throughout history , for the longest period being part of the Persian Empire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Bad Wiessee is a spa town on Lake Tegernsee in Bavaria , Germany . | [
"Bad Wiessee is a spa town on Lake Tegernsee , Bavaria , Germany ."
] | [
"Straubing is an independent city in Lower Bavaria , southern Germany ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Gabarnac is a commune . | [
"Gabarnac is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France ."
] | [
"Staicele is a town in Latvia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
and AOL came to a deal where Microsoft 's Live Communication Server 2005 ( which is interestingly also used by Reuters for its Reuters Messaging service ) users would also have the possibility to talk to public instant messaging users . | [
"and AOL agreed a deal in which Microsoft 's Live Communications Server 2005 users would also have the possibility to talk to public instant messaging users ."
] | [
"NateOn is an instant messaging client provided by Nate , which in 2005 first overtook MSN Messenger in terms of South Korean user numbers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Separately , on October 13 , 2005 Microsoft and Yahoo ! | [
"Separately , on 13th October 2005 , Microsoft and Yahoo !"
] | [
"A news agency reported that `` new '' will be removed on January 1 , 2009 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Companies implement specialized IM archiving and security products and services like those from Secure Computing , Akonix , Surfcontrol , and ScanSafe to mitigate these risks and provide safe , secure , productive instant messaging capabilities to their employees . | [
"Companies implement specialized IM archiving and security products and services to mitigate these risks and provide safe , secure , productive instant messaging capabilities to their employees ."
] | [
"Cloud application services or `` Software as a Service ( SaaS ) '' deliver software as a service over the Internet , eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer 's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
This historic agreement enabled AIM , ICQ and MSN Messenger users to talk with Reuters Messaging counterparts and vice-versa against an access fee . | [
"This agreement enabled AIM , ICQ and MSN Messenger users to talk with Reuters Messaging counterparts and vice-versa ."
] | [
"NateOn is an instant messaging client provided by Nate , which in 2005 first overtook MSN Messenger in terms of South Korean user numbers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Microsoft followed suit shortly thereafter with Microsoft Exchange Instant Messaging , and later created a new platform called Microsoft Office Live Communications Server . | [
"Microsoft followed suit shortly thereafter with Microsoft Exchange Instant Messaging , later created a new platform called Microsoft Office Live Communications Server , and released Office Communications Server 2007 in October 2007 ."
] | [
"Unlike Outlook Express , Windows Mail is not considered to be a component of Internet Explorer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
As such , it could be considered a sort of GUI , albeit much more primitive than the later Unix , Windows and Macintosh based GUI IM programs . | [
"As such , it could be considered a sort of GUI ( Graphical User Interface ) , albeit much more primitive than the later Unix , Windows and Macintosh based GUI IM software ."
] | [
"The Scroll Lock key was meant to lock all scrolling techniques , and is a remnant from the original IBM PC keyboard , though it is not used by most modern-day software ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
announced that by ( the Northern Hemisphere ) summer of 2006 they would interoperate using SIP\/SIMPLE which is followed on December 2005 by the AOL and Google strategic partnership deal where Google Talk users would be able to talk with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an identity at AOL . | [
"announced that by the 3rd quarter of 2006 they would interoperate using SIP\\/SIMPLE , which was followed , in December 2005 , by the AOL and Google strategic partnership deal in which Google Talk users would be able to communicate with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an AIM account ."
] | [
"Applications do not need to be specifically designed to use IPsec . The use of TLS\\/SSL , on the other hand , must be designed into an application to protect the application protocols ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
An effective attack using a `` poison URL '' may reach tens of thousands of people in minutes when each person 's buddy list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend . | [
"An effective attack using a poisoned URL may reach tens of thousands of people in a short period when each person 's buddy list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend ."
] | [
"The Sandbox Team is said to have `` taken this existing process boundary and made it into a jail '' ; for example , malicious software running in one tab is supposed to be unable to sniff credit card numbers entered in another tab , interact with mouse inputs , or tell Windows to `` run an executable on start-up '... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Some networks have made changes to prevent them from being utilized by such multi-network IM clients . | [
"Certain networks have made changes to prevent them from being utilized by such multi-network IM clients ."
] | [
"Not doing so will prevent detection from automated tools ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
It is possible to save a conversation for later reference . | [
"It is typically possible to save a text conversation for later reference ."
] | [
"You are informed about the block reason in two ways ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Recent changes to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure , effective December 1 , 2006 , create a new category for electronic records which may be requested during discovery ( law ) in legal proceedings . | [
"Changes to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure , effective December 1 , 2006 , created a new category for electronic records which may be requested during discovery in legal proceedings ."
] | [
"Of these , Articles 105 and 111 are the ones most commonly employed to silence political dissent ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
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