query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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Since then , both IBM Lotus and Microsoft have introduced federation between their EIM systems and some of the public IM networks thus employees may use a single interface to both their internal EIM system and their buddies on AOL , MSN , and Yahoo ! . | [
"Both IBM Lotus and Microsoft have introduced federation between their EIM systems and some of the public IM networks so that employees may use a single interface to both their internal EIM system and their contacts on AOL , MSN , and Yahoo ! ."
] | [
"The term Webmail ( or Web-based e-mail ) is used to describe two things . One use of the word is to describe a Webmail client : an email client implemented as a web application accessed via a web browser ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The topic of inappropriate IM use became front page news in October 2006 when Congressman Mark Foley resigned his seat after admitting sending offensive instant messages of a sexual nature to underage former House pages from his Congressional office PC . | [
"The topic of inappropriate IM use became front page news in October 2006 when U.S. Congressman Mark Foley resigned his seat after admitting sending offensive instant messages of a sexual nature to underage former House pages from his Congressional office PC ."
] | [
"Cleveland police officer Walter Emerick , who took the picture using his cell phone camera , was suspended from duty for eight days for his responsibility in sending the photo to other people , eventually leading to its being leaked on the Internet ."
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By 2007 , the preferred platform for the purchase of security software had become the `` appliance '' , according to IDC , who estimate that by 2008 , 80 % of network security products will be delivered via an appliance . | [
"By 2007 , the preferred platform for the purchase of security software had become the `` computer appliance '' , according to IDC , who estimate that by 2008 , 80 % of network security products will be delivered via an appliance ."
] | [
"Cloud application services or `` Software as a Service ( SaaS ) '' deliver software as a service over the Internet , eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer 's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support ."
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Web conferencing services integrate both video conferencing and instant messaging capabilities . | [
"Web conferencing services can integrate both video calling and instant messaging capabilities ."
] | [
"Network computing refers to computers working together over a network as opposed to stand alone computers like laptops and home computers . Cloud computing , popularized during 2007 , is an alternate term for network computing ."
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and Microsoft ) have failed and each continues to use its own proprietary protocol . | [
"and Microsoft ) have failed , and each continues to use its own proprietary protocol ."
] | [
"They are programmed by other reversers to have a legal way to `` crack '' software ."
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Although instant messaging has many good things , it also has risks and liabilities , especially when used in workplaces . | [
"Although instant messaging delivers many benefits , it also carries with it certain risks and liabilities , particularly when used in workplaces . Among these risks and liabilities are :"
] | [
"Emotional cheating may be correlated to that of emotional abuse , which to date is treated seriously in a court of law as physical cheating . With the expansion of understanding of other cultures , there is a wide spectrum of what cheating means ."
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Some newer instant messaging companies are offering desktop sharing , IP radio , and IPTV to the voice and video features . | [
"Some instant messaging companies are also offering desktop sharing , IP radio , and IPTV to the voice and video features ."
] | [
"While some special software packages exist , to allow customized editing , they are typically not available when traveling to other computers for wiki-editing ."
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Hackers use two methods of delivering malicious code through IM : delivery of virus , trojan , or spyware within an infected file , and the use of `` socially engineered '' text with a web address that entices the recipient to click on a URL that connects him or her to a website that then downloads malicious code . | [
"Hackers use two methods of delivering malicious code through IM : delivery of viruses , trojan horses , or spyware within an infected file , and the use of `` socially engineered '' text with a web address that entices the recipient to click on a URL connecting him or her to a website that then downloads malicious... | [
"The Sandbox Team is said to have `` taken this existing process boundary and made it into a jail '' ; for example , malicious software running in one tab is supposed to be unable to sniff credit card numbers entered in another tab , interact with mouse inputs , or tell Windows to `` run an executable on start-up '... | SimpleWiki | {
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In response to the demand for business-grade IM and the need to ensure security and legal compliance , a new type of instant messaging , called `` Enterprise Instant Messaging '' ( `` EIM '' ) was created when Lotus Software launched Lotus Sametime in 1999 . | [
"In response to the demand for business-grade IM and the need to ensure security and legal compliance , a new type of instant messaging , called `` Enterprise Instant Messaging '' ( `` EIM '' ) was created when Lotus Software launched IBM Lotus Sametime in 1998 ."
] | [
"By 2007 , the preferred platform for the purchase of security software had become the `` computer appliance '' , according to IDC , who estimate that by 2008 , 80 % of network security products will be delivered via an appliance ."
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Typically , a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages such as pre-populated contact lists , integrated authentication , and better security and privacy . | [
"Typically , a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages , such as pre-populated contact lists , integrated authentication , and better security and privacy ."
] | [
"Administrators of Windows Server domains ( for domain-joined computers ) or the local computer can apply and enforce a variety of settings on computers that affect the user interface ( such as disabling menu items and individual configuration options ) , as well as underlying security features such as downloading ... | SimpleWiki | {
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AOL later acquired Mirabilis , the creators of ICQ . A few years later ICQ ( by now owned by AOL ) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office . | [
"AOL later acquired Mirabilis , the authors of ICQ ; a few years later ICQ ( now owned by AOL ) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office ."
] | [
"NateOn is an instant messaging client provided by Nate , which in 2005 first overtook MSN Messenger in terms of South Korean user numbers ."
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Viruses , worms , and trojans typically propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user 's buddy list . | [
"Viruses , computer worms , and trojans typically propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user 's buddy list ."
] | [
"Although the desirable software itself may do no harm , the bundled spyware does . In some cases , spyware authors have paid shareware authors to bundle spyware with their software ."
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This deal settled once for all the protocol for interconnectivity in the market as SIP\/SIMPLE and established a connectivity fee for accessing public instant messaging clouds . | [
"This deal established SIP\\/SIMPLE as a standard for protocol interoperability and established a connectivity fee for accessing public instant messaging groups or services ."
] | [
"But , unlike the GSM standards , does not specify any internal aspects of the fixed network itself ."
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Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN , by using a secure firewall-friendly HTTPS based protocol . | [
"Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN , by using an encrypted , firewall-friendly , HTTPS-based protocol ."
] | [
"Applications do not need to be specifically designed to use IPsec . The use of TLS\\/SSL , on the other hand , must be designed into an application to protect the application protocols ."
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In the last half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s , the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between currently connected customers which they called `` On-Line Messages '' ( or OLM for short ) . | [
"In the latter half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s , the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between currently connected customers , which they called `` On-Line Messages '' ( or OLM for short ) , and later `` FlashMail . ''"
] | [
"Intelligent Gamer had been publishing online for years prior to the popularization of the web , originally having been based upon a downloadable `` Intelligent Gamer '' publication developed by Joe Barlow and Jeremy Horwitz in 1993 . This evolved further under Horwitz and Usenet-based publisher Anthony Shubert int... | SimpleWiki | {
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Recently , many instant messaging services have begun to offer video conferencing features , Voice Over IP ( VoIP ) and web conferencing services . | [
"Many instant messaging services offer video calling features , Voice Over IP ( VoIP ) and web conferencing services ."
] | [
"Meanwhile , features that were first available with ISDN ( such as Three-Way Call , Call Forwarding , Caller ID , etc. ) are now commonly available for ordinary analog phones as well , eliminating this advantage of ISDN . Another advantage of ISDN was the possibility of multiple simultaneous calls ( one call per B... | SimpleWiki | {
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Companies now include instant messaging as an integral component of their policies on appropriate use of the World Wide Web , email , and other corporate assets . | [
"Companies now include instant messaging as an integral component of their policies on appropriate use of the World Wide Web , e-mail , and other corporate assets ."
] | [
"Cloud application services or `` Software as a Service ( SaaS ) '' deliver software as a service over the Internet , eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer 's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support ."
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Jabber servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols , reducing the need to run multiple clients . | [
"XMPP servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols , reducing the need to run multiple clients ."
] | [
"The destination server ( the server that ultimately satisfies the web request ) receives requests from the anonymizing proxy server , and thus does not receive information about the end user 's address . However , the requests are not anonymous to the anonymizing proxy server , and so a degree of trust is present ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers , e-mail , and the WWW , in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work , rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information technology departments . | [
"Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers , e-mail , and the World Wide Web , in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work , rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information... | [
"Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble , which , like most computer networks , were using as little as 10 % of their capacity at any one time , just to leave room for occasional spikes ."
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Instant messages typically are may be logged in a local message history which closes the gap to the persistent nature of e-mails and facilitates quick exchange of information like URLs or document snippets ( which can be unwieldy when communicated via telephone ) . | [
"Instant messages are often logged in a local message history , making it similar to the persistent nature of e-mails ."
] | [
"By the time various text-issues are noticed , the user often forgets where those occurred within the edit-buffer , far below ."
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Some approaches , such as that adopted by the Sonork enterprise IM software or the Jabber\/XMPP network or Winpopup LAN Messenger , allow organizations to create their own private instant messaging network by enabling them to limit access to the server ( often with the IM network entirely behind their firewall ) and administer user permissions . | [
"Some approaches allow organizations to deploy their own , private instant messaging network by enabling them to restrict access to the server ( often with the IM network entirely behind their firewall ) and administer user permissions ."
] | [
"Web browsers employ a built-in web cache , but some internet service providers or organizations also use a caching proxy server , which is a web cache that is shared among all users of that network ."
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For this reason , the instant messaging client formerly known as Gaim or gaim announced in April 2007 that they would be renamed `` Pidgin '' . | [
"For this reason , the instant messaging client formerly known as Gaim ( or gaim ) announced , in April 2007 , that they would be renamed `` Pidgin '' ."
] | [
"However , these versions ( and other browsers , most notably Internet Explorer ) are not actively supported ."
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However , while discussions at IETF were stalled , Reuters head of collaboration services , David Gurle ( the founder of Microsoft 's Real Time Communication and Collaboration business ) , surprised everybody by signing the first inter-service provider connectivity agreement on September 2003 . | [
"However , while discussions at IETF were stalled , Reuters signed the first inter-service provider connectivity agreement on September 2003 ."
] | [
"On September 21 , 2009 , CNET reported that Warner Music Group had possibly struck a new deal with YouTube and WMG videos may start appearing back on YouTube within weeks . It was confirmed on Warner Music Group News and the YouTube Blog on September 29 , 2009 that YouTube and Warner Music Group were in a multi-ye... | SimpleWiki | {
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There have been several attempts to create a unified standard for instant messaging : IETF 's SIP ( Session Initiation Protocol ) and SIMPLE ( SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions ) , APEX ( Application Exchange ) , Prim ( Presence and Instant Messaging Protocol ) , the open XML-based XMPP ( Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol ) , more commonly known as Jabber and OMA 's ( Open Mobile Alliance ) IMPS ( Instant Messaging and Presence Service ) created specifically for mobile devices . | [
"There have been several attempts to create a unified standard for instant messaging : IETF 's SIP ( Session Initiation Protocol ) and SIMPLE ( SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions ) , APEX ( Application Exchange ) , Prim ( Presence and Instant Messaging Protocol ) , the open XML-based XMPP ... | [
"NFS , like many other protocols , builds on the Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call ( ONC RPC ) system ."
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This allows to communicate to friends of friends and build chatrooms for instant messages with all friends on that network . | [
"This allows for communication with friends of friends and for the building of chatrooms for instant messages with all friends on that network ."
] | [
"The former are limited to the server ( s ) they have specific access to ; however , global operators can perform actions affecting all users on the network ."
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Current leading EIM platforms include IBM Lotus Sametime , Microsoft Office Live Communications Server , and Jabber XCP . | [
"Current leading EIM platforms include IBM Lotus Sametime , Microsoft Office Communications Server , Jabber XCP and Cisco Unified Presence ."
] | [
"The programs include CrossOver Mac , CrossOver Linux , CrossOver Games Mac , and CrossOver Games Linux ."
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Meanwhile , other companies developed their own applications ( Yahoo , MSN , Excite , Ubique , IBM ) , each with its own proprietary protocol and client ; users therefore had to run multiple client applications if they wished to use more than one of these networks . | [
"Meanwhile , other companies developed their own software ; ( Excite , MSN , Ubique , and Yahoo ) , each with its own proprietary protocol and client ; users therefore had to run multiple client applications if they wished to use more than one of these networks ."
] | [
"The term Webmail ( or Web-based e-mail ) is used to describe two things . One use of the word is to describe a Webmail client : an email client implemented as a web application accessed via a web browser ."
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Modern , Internet-wide , GUI-based messaging clients , as they are known today , began to take off in the mid 1990s with ICQ ( 1996 ) being the first , followed by AOL Instant Messenger ( AOL Instant Messenger , 1997 ) . | [
"Modern , Internet-wide , GUI-based messaging clients as they are known today , began to take off in the mid 1990s with PowWow , ICQ , and AOL Instant Messenger ."
] | [
"It came equipped with productivity tools such as OpenOffice.org 1.1.2 , Mozilla Firefox ( version 1.0 ) web browser , Gaim ( version 1.0 ) , etc."
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Following this breakthrough agreement between networks Microsoft , Yahoo ! | [
"Following this , Microsoft , Yahoo !"
] | [
"In the press release announcing the prize , the Development Gateway Foundation noted that through this program :"
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Quantum Link 's better known later incarnation , America Online ( AOL ) , offers a similar product under the name `` AOL Instant Messages '' ( AIM ) . | [
"( Quantum Link later became America Online and made AOL Instant Messenger ( AIM ) , discussed later ) ."
] | [
"Intelligent Gamer had been publishing online for years prior to the popularization of the web , originally having been based upon a downloadable `` Intelligent Gamer '' publication developed by Joe Barlow and Jeremy Horwitz in 1993 . This evolved further under Horwitz and Usenet-based publisher Anthony Shubert int... | SimpleWiki | {
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The adoption of IM across corporate networks outside of the control of IT organizations creates many risks and liabilities for companies who do not effectively manage and support IM use . | [
"The adoption of IM across corporate networks outside of the control of IT organizations creates risks and liabilities for companies who do not effectively manage and support IM use ."
] | [
"In fact , many of the major international NGOs have seen a growing need to hire practitioners trained in conflict analysis and resolution ."
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Most attempts at creating a unified standard for the major IM providers ( AOL , Yahoo ! | [
"Most attempts at producing a unified standard for the major IM providers ( AOL , Yahoo !"
] | [
"NateOn is an instant messaging client provided by Nate , which in 2005 first overtook MSN Messenger in terms of South Korean user numbers ."
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The more well-known of these include the Sarbanes-Oxley Act , HIPAA , and SEC 17a-3 . | [
"The better-known of these include the Sarbanes-Oxley Act , HIPAA , and SEC 17a-3 ."
] | [
"It became effective as a Federal government standard on May 26 , 2002 after approval by the Secretary of Commerce ."
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Yasuyuki Konno ( born 25 January 1983 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Tokyo and Japan national team . | [
"Yasuyuki Konno is a Japanese football player who plays for F.C. Tokyo in Japan 's professional J. League ."
] | [
"Masafumi Hara ( born December 21 , 1943 ) is a retired Japanese football player ."
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Mira is a binary star system with a white dwarf ( Mira B ) star and a red giant ( Mira A ) . | [
"Mira is a binary star system that consists of a red giant ( Mira A ) undergoing mass loss and a high temperature white dwarf companion ( Mira B ) that is accreting mass from the primary ."
] | [
"51 Pegasi b ( 51 Peg b ) is the first , and so far only , discovered planetary-mass companion of its parent star ."
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Scientists think Mira is 200-400 light years away in the constellation Cetus . | [
"Mira also known as Omicron Ceti ( Î Ceti , Î Cet ) , is a red giant star estimated 200-400 light years away in the constellation Cetus ."
] | [
"It is fairly faint , with no first magnitude stars , and lies between Virgo to the west and Scorpius to the east ."
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East Kilbride is a large suburban town in the South Lanarkshire council area of Scotland . | [
"East Kilbride is a large suburban town in the South Lanarkshire council area , in the West Central Lowlands of Scotland ."
] | [
"Lesmahagow is a small town on the edge of moorland , near Lanark in the central belt of Scotland , and is also known as Abbey Green ."
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It is Scotland 's first new town , and lies on high ground on the south side of the Cathkin Braes , about 8 m southeast of Glasgow city center . | [
"The area lies on high ground on the south side of the Cathkin Braes , about 8 m southeast of Glasgow city center and close to the boundary with East Renfrewshire ."
] | [
"Bothwell is a small town in the South Lanarkshire council area of Scotland . It lies on the north bank of the River Clyde , adjacent to Hamilton , nine miles east-south-east of Glasgow city center ."
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One of the most significant buildings of an earlier phase of development was Dollan Baths leisure complex ( opened 1968 ) which has Grade A listed status . | [
"One of the most significant buildings of an earlier phase of development was Dollan Baths leisure complex ( opened 1968 ) which has category A listed status ."
] | [
"The first reading room was the Queen 's Reading Room ( now Queen 's Hall ) , which opened in 1859 ."
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A 2007 US-Czech study decided that 298 Baptistina may be the biggest remnant of a 170 km ( 110 mile ) asteroid that was destroyed about 160 million years ago in an impact with a smaller body , making the Baptistina family of asteroids and that the Baptistina event may have created the eventual impact asteroid believed by many to have caused the Cretaceous â `` Tertiary extinction event about 65 million years ago . . | [
"Further , the study argues that the family is the remnant of a 170 km ( 110 mile ) parent asteroid that was destroyed in a collision with a smaller body some 160 million years ago , with Baptistina itself being the largest remnant . Moreover , it suggests that a fragment from this event eventually became the K\\/T... | [
"Since then , the debate about the extinction of the dinosaurs and other mass extinction events has centered on whether the extinction mechanism was the asteroid impact , widespread volcanism ( which occurred about the same time ) , or some other mechanism or combination ."
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It was found by Auguste Charlois on September 9 , 1890 in Nice . | [
"It was discovered by Auguste Charlois on September 9 , 1890 in Nice ."
] | [
"Flora was discovered by J. R. Hind on October 18 , 1847 ."
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298 Baptistina is a common Main belt asteroid . | [
"298 Baptistina is a main belt asteroid ."
] | [
"10370 Hylonome ( ; from ) is an asteroid orbiting in the outer solar system ."
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Athlete 's foot causes scaling , flaking , itching , blisters and cracked skin . | [
"Athlete 's foot causes scaling , flaking , and itching of the affected skin ."
] | [
"Symptoms can be either localized or systemic , and may include vaginal itching , redness , swelling , or blisters within 30 minutes of contact ."
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Axe ( or ax ) is an ancient tool used to shape , split and cut wood . | [
"The axe , or ax , is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape , split and cut wood ; to harvest timber ; as a weapon ; and as a ceremonial or heraldic symbol ."
] | [
"In archaeology , a tool stone is a type of stone that is used to manufacture stone tools . Alternately , the term can be used to refer to stones used as the raw material for tools ."
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Luàs Fabiano ( born 8 November 1980 ) is a Brazilian football player . | [
"Luàs Fabiano Clemente ( November 8 , 1980 ) , commonly known as Luàs Fabiano is a Brazilian footballer , who currently plays for Sà # o Paulo and the Brazilian national football team as a striker ."
] | [
"Alex Antà nio de Melo Santos , or simply Alex ( born April 16 , 1983 ) , is a Brazilian midfielder ."
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Louches is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Louches is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Vitry-en-Artois is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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The 1928 Winter Olympics , officially known as the II Olympic Winter Games , were celebrated in 1928 in St. Moritz , Switzerland . | [
"The 1928 Winter Olympics , officially known as the II Olympic Winter Games , were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated February 11 â `` 19 , 1928 in St. Moritz , Switzerland ."
] | [
"Hans Kleppen ( 16 March 1907 -- 12 April 2009 ) was a Norwegian ski jumper who competed in the late 1920s ."
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The 1928 Games were the first true Winter Olympics held on its own and not as a part of a Summer Olympics . | [
"The 1928 Games were the first true Winter Olympics held on its own as they were not in conjunction with a Summer Olympics ."
] | [
"The United States has hosted four Summer Olympics Games , more than any other nation . The United Kingdom will have hosted three Summer Olympics Games when they return to the British capital in 2012 , all of them have been ( and will be ) in London , making it the first city to hold the Summer Olympic Games three ... | SimpleWiki | {
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All preceding Winter Events of the Olympic Games were the winter sports part of the schedule of the Summer Games , and not as a separate Winter Games . | [
"All preceding Winter Events of the Olympic Games were the winter sports part of the schedule of the Summer Games , and not held as a separate Winter Games ."
] | [
"It was in Seoul that the Paralympic Summer Games were held directly after the Olympic Summer Games , in the same host city , and using the same facilities ."
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The preceding 1924 Winter Olympics were later renamed as Winter Olympics . They were actually part of the 1924 Summer Olympics . | [
"The preceding 1924 Games were retroactively renamed the inaugural Winter Olympics , though they had been in fact part of the 1924 Summer Olympics ."
] | [
"It is believed to be one of the oldest ballgames and was an unofficial Demonstration sport at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This was the first time many countries attended the Winter Olympic Games , including Argentina , Estonia , Germany , Japan , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Mexico , the Netherlands , and Romania . | [
"Nations making their first appearance at the Winter Olympic Games were Argentina ( first participation of a delegation coming from a country belonging to the Southern Hemisphere ) , Estonia , Germany , Japan , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Mexico , the Netherlands , and Romania ."
] | [
"The movement had extended itself beyond Europe and North America to Central and South America ( Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Cuba , Mexico , Peru , El Salvador , Uruguay , Venezuela ) , Asia ( the Republic of China , Japan , Korea , Siam ) , and Africa ( Republic of South Africa ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendà e department in the west of France . | [
"Chaix is a commune in the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | [
"Chà cents teau-d ` Olonne is a commune of the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Lleyton Hewitt is a professional tennis player from Australia . He was once ranked the No. 1 in the world . | [
"Lleyton Glynn Hewitt ( ; born 24 February 1981 ) is an Australian professional tennis player and former World No. 1 ."
] | [
"She is currently ranked world number 1 in women 's squash , and is the first Asian woman to achieve this ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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William Ellery ( December 22 , 1727 -- February 15 , 1820 ) , was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as one of two representatives from Rhode Island his signature is located 4 names below John Adams . | [
"William Ellery ( December 22 , 1727 -- February 15 , 1820 ) was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Rhode Island ."
] | [
"The county was named for Button Gwinnett , one of the delegates who signed the United States Declaration of Independence on behalf of Georgia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Some of his descendants were William Ellery Channing , Richard Henry Dana , Edie Sedgwick and actress Kyra Sedgwick and Jadriene M. Ellery . | [
"His descendants include Ellery Channing , William Ellery Channing , Richard Henry Dana , Sr. , Edie Sedgwick , Kyra Sedgwick , Grace , Emily , Charlotte , and Amy Loring , Daniel Kraus , James Ellery , Gary Ellery , and Jadriene M. Ellery ."
] | [
"Born Hazel Reid in Newport News , Virginia , to Dr. Russell E. and Dr. Hazel Palleman Reid ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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This was first realized by Evangelista Torricelli even before calculus had been invented . | [
"This property was first realized by Evangelista Torricelli even before calculus had been invented ."
] | [
"Curt Stern , a German scientist who immigrated to the United States before World War II , pointed out in a brief paper in Science that Weinberg 's exposition was both earlier and more comprehensive than Hardy 's ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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( Up to adding integer multiples of 2 Ï i to the lines , the mapping of all lines to all logarithmic spirals is onto . ) | [
"( Up to adding integer multiples of to the lines , the mapping of all lines to all logarithmic spirals is onto . )"
] | [
"where 1 â i â m and 1 â j â p. For example ( the underlined entry 1 in the product is calculated as"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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The total distance covered is r\/cos ( Î ) , where r is the straight-line distance from P to the origin . | [
"The total distance covered is , where is the straight-line distance from to the origin ."
] | [
"For a rectangular box , the girth is 2 \\* ( height + width ) , i.e. the perimeter of a cross section perpendicular to its length ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Jakob Bernoulli wanted the shape on his headstone , but , by error , an Archimedean spiral was placed there instead . | [
", but , by error , an Archimedean spiral was placed there instead ."
] | [
"To the right , the Conception , Crucifixion and Resurrection symbolize redemption , and this is duly impressed on Adam by John the Baptist ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Maybe because of this property , the spira mirabilis has evolved in nature , seen in some living beings , such as nautilus shells and sunflower heads . | [
"Possibly as a result of this unique property , the spira mirabilis has evolved in nature , appearing in certain growing forms such as nautilus shells and sunflower heads ."
] | [
"The spines , long and sharp in some species , protect the urchin from predators ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Starting at a point P and moving inwards along the spiral , one has to circle the origin infinitely often before reaching it ; yet , the total distance covered on this path is finite . | [
"Starting at a point and moving inward along the spiral , one can circle the origin an unbounded number of times without reaching it ; yet , the total distance covered on this path is finite ; that is , the limit as goes toward is finite ."
] | [
"More precisely , if a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal , then they are right angles ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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In the extreme case that b = 0 ( É = Ï \/ 2 ) the spiral becomes a circle of radius a. Conversely , in the limit that b approaches infinity ( É â ' 0 ) the spiral tends toward a straight line . | [
"In the extreme case that the spiral becomes a circle of radius . Conversely , in the limit that approaches infinity ( Ï â ' 0 ) the spiral tends toward a straight half-line ."
] | [
"Thus , the coordinates differences ( Î '' x , Î '' y , Î '' z ) and ( Î '' Î 3\\/4 , Î '' Î , Î '' Î ) are not intrinsic to the rod , but merely reflect the reference frame used to describe it ; by contrast , the length L is an intrinsic property of the rod ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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with real numbers a and b. | [
"with real numbers and ."
] | [
"( Up to adding integer multiples of to the lines , the mapping of all lines to all logarithmic spirals is onto . )"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
The derivative r ' ( Î ) is proportional to the parameter b. In other words , it controls how `` tightly '' and in which direction the spiral spirals . | [
"The derivative of is proportional to the parameter . In other words , it controls how `` tightly '' and in which direction the spiral spirals ."
] | [
"A cosine wave is said to be `` sinusoidal '' , because which is also a sine wave with a phase-shift of Ï \\/ 2 . Because of this `` head start '' , it is often said that the cosine function leads the sine function or the sine lags the cosine ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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The logarithmic spiral was first described by Descartes and later extensively investigated by Jakob Bernoulli , who called it Spira mirabilis , `` the marvelous spiral '' . | [
"The logarithmic spiral was first described by Descartes and later extensively investigated by Jacob Bernoulli , who called it Spira mirabilis , `` the marvelous spiral '' ."
] | [
"Ta ( 2 ) , also known as the Hardy-Ramanujan number , was first published by Bernard Frà nicle de Bessy in 1657 and later immortalized by an incident involving mathematicians G. H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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While this curve had already been named by other mathematicians , the name `` miraculous '' or `` marvelous '' spiral was given to this curve by Jakob Bernoulli , because he was fascinated by one of its unique mathematical properties : the size of the spiral increases , but the shape stays the same with each added curve . | [
"Although this curve had already been named by other mathematicians , the specific name ( `` miraculous '' or `` marvelous '' spiral ) was given to this curve by Jacob Bernoulli , because he was fascinated by one of its unique mathematical properties : the size of the spiral increases but its shape is unaltered wit... | [
"The nautilus shell presents one of the finest natural examples of a logarithmic spiral , although it is not a golden spiral ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The spiral has the property that the angle É between the tangent and radial line at the point ( r , Î ) is constant . | [
"The spiral has the property that the angle Ï between the tangent and radial line at the point is constant ."
] | [
"where Ï is the torque vector and Ï is the magnitude of the torque , r is the displacement vector ( a vector from the point from which torque is measured to the point where force is applied ) , and r is the length ( or magnitude ) of the lever arm vector , F is the force vector , and F is the magnitude of the force... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Similarly , the exponential function exactly maps all lines not parallel with the real or imaginary axis in the complex plane , to all logarithmic spirals in the complex plane with center at 0 . | [
"The exponential function exactly maps all lines not parallel with the real or imaginary axis in the complex plane , to all logarithmic spirals in the complex plane with center at 0 ."
] | [
"Starting at a point and moving inward along the spiral , one can circle the origin an unbounded number of times without reaching it ; yet , the total distance covered on this path is finite ; that is , the limit as goes toward is finite ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The complement of É is called the pitch . | [
"The complement of Ï is called the pitch ."
] | [
"This usage is based on the ' of the alphabet . '"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Keane comes out of a studio and takes a taxi . | [
"Keane appear coming out of a studio and taking a taxi ."
] | [
"They are waiting for the others at the train platform when the accident happens ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
`` Snowed Under '' talks about a place called `` Manser 's Shaw '' . This is a place where the band used to spent their days . | [
"The song talks about a place called `` Manser 's Shaw '' in Battle , East Sussex where the band used to spend their childhood days ."
] | [
"Dysart acquired two nicknames : `` Salt Burgh '' and `` Little Holland '' as a result ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Each alien represents the spirit of a tree . | [
"Each Roxley represents the spirit of a tree ."
] | [
"He eventually wound up creating the ship in the image of a firefly ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Then they come across a forest where the `` simple thing '' aliens live . | [
"Then they come across a forest where live the `` simple thing '' aliens ( called `` Roxleys '' by some fans . ) ."
] | [
"Soon , most of the Charonosaurus follow to drink at the watering hole ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
The lyrics of `` Walnut Tree '' talk about waiting for someone or something . Rice-Oxley has not talked about a real meaning to this . | [
"The lyrics talk about waiting for someone under a walnut tree but Rice-Oxley has n't given a real meaning to this ."
] | [
"The sullen mood and desolate lyricsâ '' `` So go away , leave me alone , do n't bother me '' â '' were unusual for The Beatles at the time but would become characteristic for Harrison ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The song was first played on the guitar , just before Dominic Scott left the band . It was recorded as a demo the same year with piano instead of the guitar . | [
"It was first played on the guitar , just before Dominic Scott left the band , and recorded as a demo the same year with a Yamaha CP70 instead of the guitar ."
] | [
"Nelson 's manager gave him a copy of an EP and single by Coldplay , and showed interest in working with them after seeing the band perform live ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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The song appeared on the `` Music from the OC : Mix 2 '' soundtrack . | [
"It appeared on the Music from the OC : Mix 2 soundtrack ."
] | [
"It is a parody of `` Pretty Fly ( For a White Guy ) '' by The Offspring , and it was released from the 1999 album Running with Scissors ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Keane recorded the final version in 2003 at the Helioscentric Studios , East Sussex for the album . | [
"Keane recorded the final version in 2003 at the Helioscentric Studios , Rye , East Sussex for the album ."
] | [
"Elektra Records in 1995 and recorded his debut album Everything You Want the next year ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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It was inspired by a poem `` Snowed Under '' was the only b-side played live during 2004 , 2005 and early 2006 . | [
"It was inspired by a poem `` Snowed Under '' was the only b-side played live during 2004 , 2005 and early 2006 , because of its appearance on the CD+DVD version of Hopes and Fears , as well as in the Japanese version of it ."
] | [
"( Simpson has returned from America to be a guest guitarist on albums in the 2000s . )"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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`` Somewhere Only We Know '' is a song by English band Keane . It is their third single . | [
"`` Somewhere Only We Know '' is a song performed and composed by English alternative rock band Keane , officially released as their third commercial single , and appearing as the opening track of their debut album , Hopes and Fears as the first single ."
] | [
"`` Stop and Stare '' is the second single by American pop rock band OneRepublic from their debut album Dreaming Out Loud , but is their first single to not be a remix ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Persecution is the mistreatment ( bad treatment ) of an individual or group by another group . | [
"Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another group ."
] | [
"White supremacy is the belief , and promotion of the belief , that white people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Sacramento is the capital of the U.S. state of California . | [
"Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California , and the county seat of Sacramento County ."
] | [
"Tallahassee is the capital of the U.S. state of Florida ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
This made Sacramento a port town . | [
"As of 2006 , the city of West Sacramento took responsibility for the Port of Sacramento ."
] | [
"For that reason , CÃ cuta is expected to become an industrial city ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Sacramento is near where the American River meets the Sacramento River . This was important when Sacramento was founded . | [
"Sacramento is home to Sacramento State ( California State University , Sacramento ) , founded as Sacramento State College in 1947 ."
] | [
"Santa Fe was originally envisioned as an important stop on the Atchison , Topeka and Santa Fe Railway . But as the tracks progressed into New Mexico , the civil engineers decided that it was more practical to go through Lamy , a town in Santa Fe County to the south of Santa Fe ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Sacramento is near where the American River meets the Sacramento River . | [
"Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California , and the county seat of Sacramento County . It is located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the northern portion of California 's expansive Central Valley ."
] | [
"Exiting the canyon , the river runs through northern Utah County and empties into Utah Lake on the north shore ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
jpg thumb ( 311x408 ) px right Annette Bening ) ) Annette Bening is an Oscar nominated actress notable for many films . | [
"Annette Francine Bening ( born May 29 , 1958 ) is an American actress ."
] | [
"It is a parody of the song `` Beat It '' by pop star Michael Jackson ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Lianzhu is the name of the game translated into Chinese . | [
"Lianzhu is a Chinese translation of Renju ."
] | [
"The name `` Fuhua '' is placed on top of these stripes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Renju ( Japanese\/Chinese : é # ç ) is a version of the board game Gomoku . | [
"Renju or Lianzhu ( Japanese\\/Chinese : é # ç ) is the professional variant of Gomoku , a board game originated from Japan in Heian Period ."
] | [
"It is also popular in Taiwan and Japan , where it is known by its Chinese\\/Japanese name æ å è ( Pinyin : youzi cha , Japanese : yuzucha ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
It is played with black and white stones on a Go board . | [
"It is played with black and white stones on a 15x15 intersection Go board ."
] | [
"The colors of the sixty-four squares alternate and are referred to as `` light squares '' and `` dark squares '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Up until 2005 , Higby led a group of wealthy Republicans called the New Majority PAC . | [
"Until 2005 , Higby led a group of wealthy Republicans called the New Majority PAC ."
] | [
"She also played a role in the foundation of EMILY 's List , the pro-choice fund-raising and support network for Labor women ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Higby is the former assistant of the White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman during the Nixon Administration . | [
"Higby was assistant to White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman during the Nixon Administration ."
] | [
"Baker served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan 's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Ried-Brig is a municipality of the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland . | [
"Ried-Brig is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Raron is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
So the word Changdeokgung means ` the palace of prospering virtue ' . | [
"The literal meaning of Changdeokgung ( æ å 3\\/4 å ) is `` Palace of Prospering Virtue '' ."
] | [
"On its southern slope , Longevity Hill is adorned with an ensemble of grand buildings : The Cloud-Dispelling Hall , the Temple of Buddhist Virtue , and the Sea of Wisdom Temple form a south-north ( lakeside - peak ) oriented axis which is flanked by various other buildings ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Yamaha has begun replacing corks not being used for sealing ( such as when sealing the joints of a clarinet ) with neoprene . | [
"Musical instrument maker Yamaha has begun replacing corks not used for sealing ( such as sealing the joints of a clarinet or oboe ) with neoprene ."
] | [
"In PVC , an appropriately sized rubber stopper with a hole cut into it is equally acceptable , or to finely sand and buff the end of the pipe to create a comfortable mouthpiece ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Backwell is a village in the county of Avon , in North Somerset . | [
"Backwell is a suburban village and civil parish in Somerset , England ."
] | [
"Minehead is a coastal town and civil parish in Somerset , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Nailsea , Flax Bourton , Yatton , Brockley and Barrow Gurney are nearby . | [
"Nearby are Nailsea , Flax Bourton , Yatton , Brockley and Barrow Gurney ."
] | [
"118 to Ipswich via Framlingham and Otley ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
It is 7 miles from Bristol . | [
"It is 7 m south west of Bristol , on the A370 to Weston-super-Mare ."
] | [
"The islands are as close as 10 k from Green Island , part of Newfoundland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Music theory is all about trying to understand how music works . Someone who makes a special study of music theory is a music theorist . | [
"Music theory is the study of how music works ."
] | [
"Because qin tablature is so useful , logical , easy , and the fastest way ( once the performer knows how to read the notation ) of learning a piece , it is invaluable to the qin player and can not totally be replaced ( just as staff notation can not be replaced for Western instruments , because they developed a no... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Mykola Azarov is the incumbent Prime Minister as of March 11 , 2010 . | [
"Mykola Azarov is the incumbent Prime Minister since March 11 , 2010 ."
] | [
"On 23 May 2009 he was re-elected by the Federal Assembly , and was sworn into office for a second term on 1 July 2009 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
In astronomy , absolute magnitude is the apparent magnitude , m , an object would have if it were at a standard luminosity distance away from us , in the absence of interstellar extinction . | [
"In astronomy , to derive absolute magnitude from the observed apparent magnitude of a celestial object its value is corrected from distance to its observer . The absolute magnitude then equals the apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard luminosity distance ( 10 parsec ) away from the obser... | [
"The optical depth is a measure of the proportion of radiation absorbed or scattered along a path through a partially transparent medium ; the optical depth to a close-by object is zero ; as the distance to the object increases , so does the optical depth ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
It allows the overall brightnesses of objects to be compared without regard to distance . | [
"It allows the true brightnesses of objects to be compared without regard to distance ."
] | [
"They are insufficient for vision , as they can not distinguish shapes or determine the direction light is coming from ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
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