Split (1)

train · 102k rows

query stringlengths 12 2.51k	pos list	neg list	task stringclasses 1 value	instruction dict
Young went ashore on day two of the invasion , and became Director of Public Safety in the first functioning Allied military government - the Allied Control Commission for Italy ; in December 1943 he was given the additional role of Director of Security , responsible directly to the Commander-in-Chief for hunting saboteurs and enemy agents as well as the removal of fascist officials from public offices .	[ "Ashore on day two of the invasion , Young became Director of Public Safety in the first functioning Allied military government - the Allied Control Commission for Italy ; in December 1943 he was given the additional role of Director of Security , responsible directly to the Commander-in-Chief for hunting saboteurs...	[ "The directors and guards of the Western powers ( France , Britain , and the United States ) , repeatedly voiced opposition to many of the stricter measures and made near-constant protest about them to their superiors throughout the prison 's existence , but they were invariably vetoed by the Soviet Union , which f...	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Made a Constable in May 1925 , he became the Coroner 's Officer in April 1932 .	[ "Appointed a Constable in May 1925 , he became the Coroner 's Officer in April 1932 ." ]	[ "He was elected on 1 February 1949 , and served until his death in 1952 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
Young became Chief Constable of Hertfordshire Constabulary in 1944 ( but released from the army only in April 1945 ) . He was in charge of 515 officers at a salary of Â # 1,290 .	[ "Appointed Chief Constable of Hertfordshire Constabulary in 1944 ( but released from the army only in April 1945 ) , Young now commanded an establishment of 515 at a salary of Â # 1,290 ." ]	[ "Whilst in England King married Anna Josepha Coombe ( His First Cousin ) on 11 March 1791 and returned shortly after on HMS Gorgon to take up his post as Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island , at an annual salary of Â # 250 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
He resisted the well-ingrained tradition of bringing senior officers from the armed forces into police commands ; and only with great reluctance did he give in to the demand from the Hertfordshire police committee that he use his wartime military rank .	[ "He resisted the well-ingrained tradition of parachuting senior officers from the armed forces into police commands ; and only with great reluctance did he give in to the demand from the Hertfordshire police committee that he use his wartime military rank ." ]	[ "Young persuaded his police authority to fund a building program that in six years would provide a police house for every married man in the county force ; the design and equipping of these houses was agreed between the county architects and a `` housing committee '' , recruited through the county Police Federation...	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
He went to school in Southsea from 1912 to 1915 and then Portsmouth Grammar School from 1915 to 1924 . He was not very good at school , but liked the Officers ' Training Corps ; later he returned to present prizes and told the pupils that his parents would have been very surprised to see him in the hall on speech day because he had never come close to winning any school award .	[ "He attended Mayville Preparatory School , Southsea from 1912 to 1915 and then Portsmouth Grammar School from 1915 to 1924 , where he showed no particular academic aptitude but very much enjoyed the Officers ' Training Corps ; when in later life he returned to present prizes , he told the pupils that his parents wo...	[ "Eric was brought up in the company of his mother and sisters , and apart from a brief visit he did not see his father again until 1912 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
They already knew each other from Portsmouth , where their mothers had both worked at Agnes Weston 's Sailors Rest ; Callaghan had tried unsuccessfully to court Young 's sister , Eileen .	[ "They already knew each other from Portsmouth , where their mothers had both worked at Agnes Weston 's Sailors Rest ; Callaghan had tried unsuccessfully to court his sister , Eileen ." ]	[ "Rice-Oxley 's and Chaplin 's mothers had become friends as Rice-Oxley 's brother ( also named Tom ) was born soon after Chaplin , with their mothers becoming friends ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
From November 1940 he was seconded by the Home Office for six months to Coventry after its blitz . He ran the city 's police because the Chief Constable was fully occupied as Civil Defense Controller Young started the `` good neighbor scheme '' for bombed out civilians that he had trialled in Leamington and which was later adopted nationally by the Home Office .	[ "Seconded under the aegis of the Home Office for six months in November 1940 to Coventry after its blitz to run the city 's police because the Chief Constable was fully occupied as Civil Defense Controller , he introduced there the `` good neighbor scheme '' for bombed out civilians that he had trialled in Leamingt...	[ "In 1944 , as Britain was nearing its sixth year in World War II , and 38-year-old Vera , who was widowed the previous year , still holding the title of women 's world champion , her two sisters and their mother were killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid which destroyed their home at 47 Gauden Road in the Clapham are...	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Young was promoted to Inspector ( equivalent to Lieutenant in US police forces ) in June 1937 and appointed to Portsmouth 's Southern Division .	[ "Young was promoted Inspector in June 1937 and appointed to Portsmouth 's Southern Division ." ]	[ "He was appointed to the Museum Secretary 's office in 1876 , transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
During these years , Young was also entrusted with what he later called `` enquiries concerning the activities of subversive persons and propaganda , and also with other matters affecting state security '' - looking for spies .	[ "During these years , Young was also entrusted with what he later cryptically termed `` enquiries concerning the activities of subversive persons and propaganda , and also with other matters affecting state security '' ." ]	[ "After the end of World War II , he was charged by the U.S. military court at Dachau to have participated in `` executions of special ethnic groups or war prisoners '' ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
He was Commissioner of Police of the City of London from 1950 to 1971 and was also the first head of the Royal Ulster Constabulary to be called the Chief Constable , instead of Inspector-General .	[ "He was Commissioner of Police of the City of London from 1950 to 1971 and was also the first head of the Royal Ulster Constabulary to be styled Chief Constable ." ]	[ "Sir Anthony Richard Wagner , KCB , KCVO , FSA ( 6 September 1908 -- 5 May 1995 ) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
While he was there , he led investigations into murder , blackmail , fraud and arson .	[ "During his time there , he led investigations into murder , blackmail , fraud and arson ." ]	[ "In a statement , the police stated that the raids were part of a broad investigation into allegations of tax evasion and immigration violations by church members ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the text:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Before the course was finished , he was transferred to the instructing staff and in June 1943 he was appointed the first commandant of the new Police Civil Affairs Training Centre at Peel House in London ( with a rank as if he was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the army ) . He had to set up the training school for policemen and provost officers ( military police ) who would keep law and order in Axis territory as it was liberated by advancing Allied forces .	[ "Before the course was finished , he was transferred to the instructing staff and in June 1943 he was appointed the first commandant of the new Police Civil Affairs Training Centre at Peel House in London ( gazetted with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel ) and charged with the task of setting up the training school fo...	[ "After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , de Valera rose through the ranks and it was not long before he was elected captain of the Donnybrook company . Preparations were pushed ahead for an armed revolt , and he was made commandant of the Third Battalion and adjutant of the Dublin Brigade ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the text:", "neg": "Represent the text:" }
He was one of the youngest men ever to become a Chief Constable .	[ "As such , he was one of the youngest men ever to become a Chief Constable ." ]	[ "He was the first , and so far the only , African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
Almost at the same time , Young was appointed by the Home Office to a committee chaired by Sir Percy Sillitoe , Chief Constable of Kent , to see if all forces needed wireless networks .	[ "Almost simultaneously , Young was appointed by the Home Office to a committee chaired by Sir Percy Sillitoe , Chief Constable of Kent , to consider the wireless needs of all forces ." ]	[ "He married the former Miss Kofo Moore , who obtained a BA at Oxford and was daughter of the late Eric Moore , first Lagos member of the United nations committee of experts advising on labor conventions and regulations ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
From Hertfordshire , he set the pace in revitalising county police forces , pushing his police authority to spend a lot of money to improve officers ' pay and conditions .	[ "From Hertfordshire , he set the pace in revitalising long-debilitated county police forces , pushing his police authority to fund major expenditure on officers ' pay and conditions ." ]	[ "This , combined with increased interest in scientific agriculture and engineering and new funding from business licenses , allowed the city to start expanding again ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
He applied unsuccessfully to be chief constable of Kent in 1946 , but his next job was offered to him .	[ "Ever ambitious , he applied unsuccessfully to be chief constable of Kent in 1946 , but his next job was offered to him ." ]	[ "The following year he applied for French citizenship but was refused ; a second application was made and supported by a police report , however illness intervened , with Sisley remaining English till his death ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
In his first nine months in Leamington he persuaded the council to hire an extra twelve officers , the first increase since 1915 .	[ "In his first nine months in Leamington he secured an increase of twelve in the force 's tiny establishment of forty-five , the first increase since 1915 ." ]	[ "Young persuaded his police authority to fund a building program that in six years would provide a police house for every married man in the county force ; the design and equipping of these houses was agreed between the county architects and a `` housing committee '' , recruited through the county Police Federation...	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
In February 1943 Young was one of the chief constables sent to the War Office Civil Affairs Training Centre for the first course for senior officers .	[ "The war overtook Young 's career again in February 1943 when he was one of a number of chief constables seconded to the War Office Civil Affairs Training Centre and attended the first course for senior officers ." ]	[ "Major General Michael Slater was appointed head of a civilian recovery task force ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
In all his forces , he was popular with all ranks under his command .	[ "In all his forces , he was renowned for his popularity with all ranks under his command ." ]	[ "At school with his fellow students however , Sergei would join the military to serve the revolution , which would divide him from his father ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the text:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
To make it as effective as possible , the Home Office accepted his idea that the wireless network cover more than one county so the neighbouring county force of Bedfordshire was added .	[ "To make it as effective as possible , the Home Office accepted his proposal that the wireless network needed to be set up for a larger area than one county so the neighbouring county force of Bedfordshire was added ." ]	[ "The structural change legislation in 2009 , however , referred to the county of County Durham . The former postal county was known as `` County Durham '' to distinguish it from the post town of Durham ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
Young 's father 's business partner Alderman Sir John Henry Corke ( 1850 -- 1927 ) helped Young get his first job in the Chief Constable 's office ( the post of Cadet Clerk was specially created for him ) in December 1924 .	[ "Young 's father 's business partner Alderman Sir John Henry Corke ( 1850 -- 1927 ) , who served as Mayor of Portsmouth from 1912 to 1915 , helped to smooth the way for Young by securing him an initial placement in the Chief Constable 's office ( the post of Cadet Clerk was specially created for him ) in December 1...	[ "He was appointed to the Museum Secretary 's office in 1876 , transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
Young was born in Eastleigh , Hampshire , the third of four children of Edwin Young ( 1878 -- 1936 ) , a builder and contractor , and his wife Gertrude Mary ( nÃ e Brown ; 1880 -- 1945 ) .	[ "Young was born at 55 Chamberlayne Road , Eastleigh , Hampshire , the third of four children of Edwin Young ( 1878 -- 1936 ) , a builder and contractor , and his wife Gertrude Mary ( nÃ e Brown ; 1880 -- 1945 ) ." ]	[ "George and Ruth had two daughters and a son : Francis Clare ( 19 September 1915 â `` 2001 ) , Beridge Ruth , known as ` Berry ' ( 16 September 1917 â `` 1953 ) , and John ( born 1920 ) ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
Colonel Sir Arthur Edwin Young , KBE , CMG , CVO , KStJ , KPM ( 15 February 1907 â `` 20 January 1979 ) was a British police officer .	[ "Colonel Sir Arthur Edwin Young , KBE , CMG , CVO , KPM ( 15 February 1907 â `` 20 January 1979 ) was a British police officer ." ]	[ "Sir Duncan Ross McLarty , KBE , MM ( 17 March 1891 -- 22 December 1962 ) was the 17th Premier of Western Australia ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description about History:" }
In March 1950 Young became the first former constable to be appointed Commissioner of Police of the City of London . He built up his reputation as `` the policeman 's policeman '' .	[ "The first former constable to be appointed Commissioner of Police of the City of London , in March 1950 , Young entrenched there his reputation as `` the policeman 's policeman '' ." ]	[ "Sir Hugh Stephen Orde , OBE , QPM is currently Chief Constable and President of the Association of Chief Police Officers , representing the 44 police forces of England , Wales and Northern Ireland . Between 2002-2009 he was the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland ( PSNI ) ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Young helped create the post of Chief Inspector of Constabulary .	[ "Young was instrumental in the creation of the post of Chief Inspector of Constabulary ." ]	[ "The agency is headed by a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Labor ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
In the early 1950s , he played a crucial role in policing decolonisation in the British Empire , and developedg a model of public service policing that was not liked by everyone in some colonies but which time has shown to have been a good idea .	[ "In the early 1950s , he played a crucial role in policing decolonisation in the British Empire , developing a model of public service policing that proved deeply contentious in some colonies but which time has shown to have been acute and prudent ." ]	[ "The Home Secretary realized that the nation 's police forces were wedded to obsolete methods and needed the invigorating shake-up that the young chief constable had already delivered in Hertfordshire ; Scotland Yard must not be left out ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
He also reorganised the borough 's fire brigade , and , among other police innovations , set up twelve of `` police pillars '' , a network of two-way microphone handsets across the borough so that the public could contact police stations and civil defense posts directly .	[ "He also reorganised the borough 's fire brigade , and , among other police innovations , set up twelve of the then new `` police pillars '' , a network of two-way microphone handsets across the borough enabling the public to contact police stations and civil defense posts directly ." ]	[ "This is no minor inconvenience , as security checkpoints ( manned by `` pols '' and `` nats '' , the police and National Guard ) are set up throughout the city to stop and arrest anyone without valid ID ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
The Home Secretary knew that the nation 's police forces were stuck to old ways and needed the shake-up that the young chief constable had already delivered in Hertfordshire ; Scotland Yard must not be left out .	[ "The Home Secretary realized that the nation 's police forces were wedded to obsolete methods and needed the invigorating shake-up that the young chief constable had already delivered in Hertfordshire ; Scotland Yard must not be left out ." ]	[ "Ever ambitious , he applied unsuccessfully to be chief constable of Kent in 1946 , but his next job was offered to him ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
In Eastney and Southsea , he first had to deal with the problems created by traffic , including ways for its efficient control and of the need to promote road safety .	[ "In Eastney and Southsea , he gained his first taste of the complexity of the problems created by traffic , of measures to be taken for its efficient control and of the need to promote road safety ." ]	[ "In the interwar years urban London had further expanded , with increasing suburbanisation , improvement and expansion of public transport , and the setting up of new industries outside the inner London area ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Guided by his curate , the Reverend Frederick Dillistone , later Dean of Liverpool , he decided that he must seek ordination ( become a priest ) .	[ "Guided by his curate , the Reverenf Frederick Dillistone , later Dean of Liverpool , he decided that he must seek ordination ." ]	[ "His mother and grandmother never approved of his career choice , seeing the police as unsuitable for a young man from an aspiring middle-class family ; indeed , when his maternal aunt Emma Brown married Superintendent Samuel Bowles of the Hampshire Constabulary , she made him resign ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Religion:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Religion:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
So impressed was Home Secretary James Chuter Ede , he appointed Young to the vacant post of Assistant Commissioner `` D '' of the Metropolitan Police in London , in charge of organization , recruitment , training and communications .	[ "So impressed was Home Secretary James Chuter Ede with the young Chief Constable of Hertfordshire that in 1947 he appointed Young to the vacant post of Assistant Commissioner `` D '' of the Metropolitan Police in London , in charge of organization , recruitment , training and communications ." ]	[ "This force is still in operation today as part of the Metropolitan Police and is the oldest police force in the world . Even today , many British police forces are referred to officially by the term `` Constabulary '' rather than `` Police '' ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
James Callaghan , then Home Secretary , sent him to carry out the Hunt Report , which introduced the standard British rank system for police officers in Northern Ireland and disbanded the controversial Ulster Special Constabulary .	[ "James Callaghan , then Home Secretary , sent him to implement the Hunt Report , which introduced the standard British rank system for police officers in Northern Ireland and disbanded the controversial Ulster Special Constabulary ." ]	[ "This force is still in operation today as part of the Metropolitan Police and is the oldest police force in the world . Even today , many British police forces are referred to officially by the term `` Constabulary '' rather than `` Police '' ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
His mother and grandmother never approved because they thought the police an unsuitable career for a young man from an middle-class family . When his maternal aunt Emma Brown married Superintendent Samuel Bowles of the Hampshire Constabulary , she made him resign .	[ "His mother and grandmother never approved of his career choice , seeing the police as unsuitable for a young man from an aspiring middle-class family ; indeed , when his maternal aunt Emma Brown married Superintendent Samuel Bowles of the Hampshire Constabulary , she made him resign ." ]	[ "The fourth and youngest of the boys , Peter Nice , went to live with a first cousin of their father in Birmingham , Alabama as an infant ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
After several unsuccessful applications ( the East Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary in 1939 , Portsmouth City Police in 1940 , Oxford City Police in 1940 ) , in September 1941 he was selected from a short-list of six as Senior Assistant Chief Constable of Birmingham City Police , then the second-largest police force in the UK ; the salary was Â # 1,000 p.a. .	[ "After several unsuccessful applications ( the East Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary in 1939 , Portsmouth City Police in 1940 , Oxford City Police in 1940 ) , in September 1941 he was selected from a short-list of six as Senior Assistant Chief Constable of Birmingham City Police , then the second-largest police for...	[ "The 1924 London Traffic Act imposed a numbering scheme known as the Bassom Scheme , named after Chief Constable A.E. Bassom of the Metropolitan Police who devised it ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the text:", "neg": "Represent the text:" }
Young persuaded his police authority to fund a building program so that in six years every married man in the county force would have a police house ; the design and equipping of these houses was agreed between the county architects and a `` housing committee '' , recruited through the county Police Federation , not only of men of all ranks but , at Young 's insistence , of officers ' wives .	[ "Young persuaded his police authority to fund a building program that in six years would provide a police house for every married man in the county force ; the design and equipping of these houses was agreed between the county architects and a `` housing committee '' , recruited through the county Police Federation...	[ "Seconded under the aegis of the Home Office for six months in November 1940 to Coventry after its blitz to run the city 's police because the Chief Constable was fully occupied as Civil Defense Controller , he introduced there the `` good neighbor scheme '' for bombed out civilians that he had trialled in Leamingt...	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
Young was a keen motorist , who moved from a motorcycle to a series of fast cars .	[ "A keen motorist ( who progressed from a motorcycle to a series of fast cars ) , he took a pragmatic approach ." ]	[ "The smooth running characteristics of the straight-8 made it popular in luxury and racing cars of the past ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
In Italy , Young commanded not just British officers but the 120,000 men of the entire Italian police and had responsibility for all Italian prisons , fire brigades and civil defense .	[ "In Italy , Young now commanded not just British officers but the 120,000 men of the entire Italian police and had responsibility for all Italian prisons , fire brigades and civil defense ." ]	[ "In his first nine months in Leamington he secured an increase of twelve in the force 's tiny establishment of forty-five , the first increase since 1915 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
In Birmingham he started to experiment with police training .	[ "It was in Birmingham that he began to experiment with police training ." ]	[ "There Shines found work in the construction industry but continued to play in local bars ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Young was brought up in a household with strong Anglican evangelical beliefs ( the family attended St Jude 's , Southsea for matins and evensong every Sunday as well as week-day meetings ) . He also patrolled Portsmouth 's slums and docks as a young constable , and this had an effect on Young .	[ "Brought up in a household with strong Anglican evangelical beliefs ( the family attended St Jude 's , Southsea for matins and evensong every Sunday as well as week-day meetings ) , experiencing Portsmouth 's slums and docks as a young constable had an effect on Young ." ]	[ "In 1910 he began teaching at Charterhouse School , Godalming , Surrey , where he met the poet Robert Graves , then a pupil , and he went on to act as best man at Graves ' wedding in 1918 . In his autobiography , Goodbye to All That , Graves remembered Mallory fondly both for his encouragement of Graves ' interest ...	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
His time at Hertfordshire also saw the start of a professional relationship with James Callaghan .	[ "His Hertfordshire years also saw the beginnings of a professional relationship with James Callaghan ." ]	[ "Cooper was impressed with Locke and persuaded him to become part of his retinue ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
He wanted to follow Sir Robert Peel 's intention that the police be `` filled from the bottom up '' .	[ "Rather , he was wedded to Sir Robert Peel 's intention that the police be `` filled from the bottom up '' ." ]	[ "This force is still in operation today as part of the Metropolitan Police and is the oldest police force in the world . Even today , many British police forces are referred to officially by the term `` Constabulary '' rather than `` Police '' ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Brown is the color that is made when gray or black is mixed with orange , red , or rose ( Brown is not a color of light , and mixing all the colors of light together gives white ) .	[ "As a color of low intensity , brown is a tertiary color : a mix of the three subtractive primary colors is brown if the cyan content is low . Brown exists as a color perception only in the presence of a brighter color contrast : yellow , orange , red , or rose objects are still perceived as such if the general ill...	[ "In reference to the visible spectrum cyan is used to refer to the color obtained by mixing equal amounts of green and blue light or the removal of red from white light ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Croatia national football team is the national football team of Croatia .	[ "The Croatia national football team represents Croatia in international football ." ]	[ "The Singapore national football team is the national association football team of Singapore ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Freezing is the process when a liquid turns into a solid .	[ "Freezing or solidification is a phase change in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point . The reverse process is melting ." ]	[ "A concentrate is a form of substance which has had the majority of its base component ( in the case of a liquid : the solvent ) removed . Typically this will be the removal of water from a solution or suspension such as the removal of water from fruit juice ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Tungsten ( sometimes named wolfram ) is a chemical element . It has the chemical symbol W. It has the atomic number 74 .	[ "Tungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74 ." ]	[ "Niobium ( ; from Greek mythology : Niobe , daughter of Tantalus ) , or columbium , is the chemical element with the symbol Nb and the atomic number 41 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Tungsten is found in several ores .	[ "Tungsten is extracted from its ores in several stages ." ]	[ "Like other true members of the family , its surface is composed of silicates and some nickel-iron , and is quite bright ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence about Geology:" }
Their most well known use is in light bulb filaments . It is also used as the filament and target in most X-ray tubes and also in superalloys .	[ "Tungsten 's many alloys have numerous applications , most notably in incandescent light bulb filaments , X-ray tubes ( as both the filament and target ) , and superalloys ." ]	[ "The term `` neon lamp '' is generally extended to lamps with similar design that operate with different gases . Neon glow lamps were very common in the displays of electronic instruments through the 1970s ; the basic design of neon lamps is now incorporated in contemporary plasma displays ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Two ores which have tungsten in them are wolframite and scheelite .	[ "Its important ores include wolframite and scheelite ." ]	[ "A rare , soft , gray , ductile transition metal , niobium is found in the minerals pyrochlore , the main commercial source for niobium , and columbite ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the text:", "neg": "Represent the text:" }
The file system might also talk to a remote server over a network where the file is stored . The file system might also only use RAM to store the files .	[ "A special purpose file system is basically any file system that is not a disk file system or network file system ." ]	[ "When the cache client ( a CPU , web browser , operating system ) needs to access a datum presumed to exist in the backing store , it first checks the cache ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
The file system might also talk to a remote server over a network where the file is stored .	[ "The length of the data contained in a file may be stored as the number of blocks allocated for the file or as an exact byte count . The time that the file was last modified may be stored as the file 's timestamp ." ]	[ "When the cache client ( a CPU , web browser , operating system ) needs to access a datum presumed to exist in the backing store , it first checks the cache ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
The warriors of ancient India would blow conch shells to announce battle , such as is famously represented in the beginning of the war of Kurukshetra in the Mahabharata , the famous Hindu epic .	[ "The warriors of ancient India blew conch shells to announce battle , as is described in the beginning of the war of Kurukshetra , in the Mahabharata , the famous Hindu epic ." ]	[ "At least two different versions of the Ganesha Sahasranama exist ; one version is drawn from the Ganesha Purana , a Hindu scripture venerating Ganesha ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
The God of Preservation , Vishnu , is said to hold a special conch , Panchajanya , that represents life as it has come out of life-giving waters .	[ "The god of Preservation , Vishnu , is said to hold a special conch , Panchajanya , that represents life , as it has come out of life-giving waters ." ]	[ "As the star is seen as a beautiful but perpetually self-combusting thing , so Tara is perceived at core as the absolute , unquenchable hunger that propels all life ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
It is held by whoever is speaking at meetings , symbolically representing democracy and order .	[ "In the book the conch is used as a trumpet to call everyone together and held by whoever is speaking at meetings , symbolically representing democracy and order ." ]	[ "On the one hand , they agreed safety and protection from lawless nobles was in everyone 's best interest ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
When Roger , Jack 's lieutenant , smashes the shell , it is a sign that civilized order has collapsed and Jack 's domination has begun .	[ "When a boulder released by Roger , Jack 's lieutenant , smashes the conch , it is a sign that civilized order has fully collapsed since Jack 's eventual increasing influence ." ]	[ "When the creatures continue to affirm that Father Christmas is their benefactor and has entered the land , a clear sign of her waning power , she turns them to stone over the protests of Edmund ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
The animal inside the shell is eaten , either raw , as in salads , or cooked , as in fritters , chowders , gumbos , and burgers .	[ "Second in popularity only to the escargot for edible snails , the `` meat '' of the conch is used as food , either eaten raw , as in salads , or cooked , as in fritters , chowders , gumbos , and burgers ." ]	[ "It is particularly popular in France , where it is added to omelettes , salads and soups ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
ChemazÃ is a commune of 1019 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .	[ "ChemazÃ is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ." ]	[ "ChÃ cents teau-d ` Olonne is a commune of the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:" }
The name was retired and replaced by Patricia for the 2003 Pacific hurricane season .	[ "It was replaced by Patricia for the 2003 Pacific hurricane season ." ]	[ "This is the same list used in the 2001 season except for Andrea , Ingrid , and Melissa , which replaced Allison , Iris , and Michelle , respectively and were first used in 2007 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
A skin disease rashes itching and dryness , crusting , flaking , blistering , cracking , oozing , or bleeding .	[ "These include dryness and recurring skin rashes that are characterized by one or more of these symptoms : redness , skin edema ( swelling ) , itching and dryness , crusting , flaking , blistering , cracking , oozing , or bleeding ." ]	[ "It causes immediate closing of the eyes , difficulty breathing , runny nose , and coughing ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Eczema ( From Greek Ä `` kzema , ` to boil over ' ) is a form of dermatitis , or inflammation of the epidermis are the outer layer of the skin .	[ "Eczema ( From Greek ` to boil over ' ) is a form of dermatitis , or inflammation of the epidermis ( the outer layer of the skin ) ." ]	[ "Crohn 's disease is thought to be an autoimmune disease , in which the body 's immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract , causing inflammation ; it is classified as a type of inflammatory bowel disease ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
There are books , journals , newspapers , magazines , sound and music recordings , patents , databases , maps , stamps , prints , drawings and much more .	[ "The library is a major research library , holding over 150 million items from every country in the world , in virtually all known languages and in many formats , both print and digital : books , manuscripts , journals , newspapers , magazines , sound and music recordings , videos , play-scripts , patents , databas...	[ "The phrase or some variation of lines from the game has appeared in numerous articles , books , comics , clothing , movies , radio shows , songs , television shows , video games , webcomics , and websites ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
The British Library , by the law of the United Kingdom , receives copies of every book that is published in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland , including all foreign books that are sold in the UK .	[ "As a legal deposit library , the British Library receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland , including a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the UK ." ]	[ "Copyright law is different from country to country , and a copyright notice is required in about 20 countries for a work to be protected under copyright ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
It cost Â # 26million and will house seven million items , stored in more than 140,000 bar-coded containers , which are retrieved by robots , from the 262 kilometres of temperature - and humidity-controlled storage space .	[ "The new facility , costing Â # 26 million , has a capacity for seven million items , stored in more than 140,000 bar-coded containers , which are retrieved by robots , from the 262 kilometres of temperature and humidity-controlled storage space ." ]	[ "They are on two levels , both below ground , with 41 tracks on the upper level and 26 on the lower , though the total number of tracks along platforms and in rail yards exceeds 100 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the text:", "pos": "Represent the text:", "neg": "Represent the text:" }
The British Library adds about three million items to its collection every year .	[ "The British Library adds some three million items every year occupying 11 kilometres of new shelf space ." ]	[ "Both of these periodicals are available by subscription or from newsstands ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
It is on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London , between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station .	[ "It is located on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London ( between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station ) and has a document storage center and reading room at Boston Spa , Wetherby in West Yorkshire ." ]	[ "London Bridge is one of two rail termini in London to the south of the River Thames , the other being Waterloo ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
The collectors were King George III , Sir Robert Cotton , Sir Hans Sloane , and Robert Harley .	[ "These include the books and manuscripts of Sir Robert Cotton , Sir Hans Sloane , Robert Harley and King George III ." ]	[ "Standing in the precincts of Westminster Abbey in central London , and with a history stretching back to the 11th century , the school 's notable alumni include Ben Jonson , Robert Hooke , Christopher Wren , John Locke , Jeremy Bentham , Edward Gibbon , A.A. Milne and Nick Clegg ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the text:", "neg": "Represent the text about Education:" }
Macclenny is a city of Florida in the United States .	[ "Macclenny is a city in Baker County , Florida , United States ." ]	[ "Pleasant Grove is a city of Jefferson County , Alabama ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
James Newell Osterberg , Jr. ( born April 21 , 1947 ) , better known by his stage name Iggy Pop , is an American rock singer , songwriter , and sometimes an actor .	[ "Iggy Pop ( born James Newell `` Jim '' Osterberg , Jr. ; April 21 , 1947 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , and occasional actor ." ]	[ "Marshall Bruce Mathers III ( born October 17 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Eminem , is an American rapper , record producer , and actor ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:" }
The tehsil , which is headquartered at the city of Kharian , is administratively subdivided into 43 Union Councils of Pakistan .	[ "The tehsil is administratively subdivided into 65 Union Councils ." ]	[ "Faisalabad district formerly comprised six sub-divisions ; Faisalabad City , Faisalabad Sadr , Chak Jhumra , Jaranwala , Samundri , and Tandlianwala . In 2005 , Faisalabad was reorganised as a City-District composed of eight autonomous towns :" ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
During the summer at band camp , Amy Juergens meets Richard `` Ricky '' Underwood , who persuades her into having sex .	[ "Season One primarily focuses on the effect of Amy Juergens having sex with Ricky Underwood at band camp ." ]	[ "Katie , feeling betrayed by Ian , became even more distraught when Ian took Tom with him on a reward instead of her as he had promised ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Soon , Amy 's younger sister Ashley finds out . After some time during an argument at the Juergens ' home , Amy admits to being pregnant and her boyfriend Ben learns too .	[ "In Season Two , Amy finds out that her mother is pregnant , and Ashley Juergens starts her freshman year at Grant High School ." ]	[ "She later shows up to a meeting ( 45 minutes late ) with Laura , and refuses to cooperate with her , forcing Laura to expel her from the program ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the text:", "pos": "Represent the text:", "neg": "Represent the text:" }
Ornithischia is an order of beaked , herbivorous dinosaurs .	[ "Ornithischia or Predentata is an extinct order of beaked , herbivorous dinosaurs ." ]	[ "They are known as the ` bird-hipped ' dinosaurs because of their bird-like hip structure , even though birds actually descended from the ` lizard-hipped ' dinosaurs ( the saurischians ) ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
They are known as the ` bird-hipped ' dinosaurs because of their bird-like hip structure , even though bird actually descended from the lizard-hipped ' dinosaurs the saurischians .	[ "They are known as the ` bird-hipped ' dinosaurs because of their bird-like hip structure , even though birds actually descended from the ` lizard-hipped ' dinosaurs ( the saurischians ) ." ]	[ "Anchiornis is a small , early troodontid dinosaur with a triangular skull bearing several details in common with other troodontids ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
Jesse Donald Knotts ( July 21 , 1924 -- February 24 , 2006 ) was an American actor best-known for his role on The Andy Griffith Show as Barney Fife .	[ "Jesse Donald `` Don '' Knotts ( July 21 , 1924 -- February 24 , 2006 ) was an American comedic actor best known for his portrayal of Barney Fife on the 1960s television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show , a role which earned him five Emmy Awards ." ]	[ "Jerome Lester `` Jerry '' Horwitz ( October 22 , 1903 â `` January 18 , 1952 ) , better known by his stage name Curly Howard , was an American comedian and vaudevillian ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
There are different kinds of beef . Beef is quite popular in Argentina and the United States .	[ "Beef jerky is dried , salted , smoked beef popular in the United States ." ]	[ "The lack of beef or corned beef in the Irish diet is especially true in Northern Ireland and areas away from the major centres for corned beef production ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
Hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol .	[ "Patients who drink alcohol to excess are also more often than others found to have hepatitis C. The combination of hepatitis C and alcohol consumption accelerates the development of cirrhosis ." ]	[ "Without the key defense that these T cells provide , the body becomes susceptible to opportunistic infections that otherwise would not affect healthy people ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the description:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
The most common forms are Hepatitis A , Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Most cases of Hepatitis are caused by viruses .	[ "Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer . A group of viruses known as the hepatitis viruses cause most cases of hepatitis worldwide , but it can also be due to toxins ( notably alcohol , certain medications , some industrial organic solvents and plants ) , other in...	[ "Immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease , such as severe combined immunodeficiency , or be produced by pharmaceuticals or an infection , such as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) that is caused by the retrovirus HIV ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Decision theory is a mathematical theory about how to best reach a decision .	[ "Signal detection theory is based on decision theory ." ]	[ "The winners applied game theory , a field advanced by mathematician John Forbes Nash , to discover the best and most efficient means to reach a desired outcome , taking into account individuals ' knowledge and self-interest , which may be hidden or private ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
In most cases , decision theory is normative and prescriptive . Most of the time , it assumes the decision maker has perfect knowledge .	[ "Most of decision theory is normative or prescriptive , i.e. , it is concerned with identifying the best decision to take , assuming an ideal decision maker who is fully informed , able to compute with perfect accuracy , and fully rational ." ]	[ "The winners applied game theory , a field advanced by mathematician John Forbes Nash , to discover the best and most efficient means to reach a desired outcome , taking into account individuals ' knowledge and self-interest , which may be hidden or private ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
She realized that computers would be able to do more than just calculating or number-crunching . Others , including Babbage himself , worked only on the possibilities of calculating .	[ "She also foresaw the capability of computers to go beyond mere calculating or number-crunching while others , including Babbage himself , focused only on these capabilities ." ]	[ "Shortly thereafter , the machine originally described by von Neumann 's paperâ '' EDVACâ '' was completed but did not see full-time use for an additional two years ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the text:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
These notes contain what is considered the first computer program , that is , an algorithm encoded for processing by a machine .	[ "These notes contain what is considered the first computer program -- that is , an algorithm encoded for processing by a machine ." ]	[ "A computer program is a passive collection of instructions , a process is the actual execution of those instructions ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
She was the only legitimate child of the poet Lord Byron and Anne Isabella Milbanke . She had no relationship with her father , who died when she was nine .	[ "She was the only legitimate child of the poet Lord Byron ( with Anne Isabella Milbanke ) , but had no relationship with her father , who died when she was nine ." ]	[ "Eric was brought up in the company of his mother and sisters , and apart from a brief visit he did not see his father again until 1912 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
As a young adult she took an interest in mathematics , and in particular Babbage 's work on the analytical engine . Between 1842 and 1843 she translated an article by Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea on the engine .	[ "During a nine-month period in 1842 â `` 43 , Lovelace translated Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea 's memoir on Babbage 's newest proposed machine , the Analytical Engine ." ]	[ "By that time the ideas were widespread in progressive social circles , one proponent being the novelist Harriet Martineau whose circle of acquaintances included Charles Darwin , and the ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the inception of Darwin 's theory ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Augusta Ada King , Countess of Lovelace ( 10 December 1815 â `` 27 November 1852 ) , born Augusta Ada Byron , was an English writer who became the world 's first computer programmer . She wrote the program for Charles Babbage 's mechanical computer , the analytical engine .	[ "Augusta Ada King , Countess of Lovelace ( 10 December 1815 â `` 27 November 1852 ) , born Augusta Ada Byron , was an English writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage 's early mechanical general-purpose computer , the analytical engine ." ]	[ "Mary Anne ( Mary Ann , Marian ) Evans ( 22 November 1819 â `` 22 December 1880 ) , better known by her pen name George Eliot , was an English novelist , journalist and translator , and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Between 1842 and 1843 she translated an article by Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea on the engine .	[ "Between 1842 and 1843 she translated an article by Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea on the engine , which she supplemented with a set of notes of her own ." ]	[ "Two different factors seem to have influenced him : his experience working on logarithmic tables and existing work on calculating machines carried out by Blaise Pascal , and Gottfried Leibniz ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
A nanosecond ( ns ) is one billionth of a second .	[ "A nanosecond ( ns ) is one billionth of a second ( 10-9 s ) ." ]	[ "Metric time is the measure of time interval using the metric system , which defines the second as the base unit of time , and multiple and submultiple units formed with metric prefixes , such as kiloseconds and milliseconds ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
Close cities are Kauniainen , Vantaa , Kirkkonummi , NurmijÃ rvi , Vihti and the capital Helsinki .	[ "Other bordering municipalities of Espoo are NurmijÃ rvi and Vihti in the north and Kirkkonummi in the west ." ]	[ "Tikkakoski is a neighborhood of JyvÃ skylÃ , Finland , about 20 k north of the city center ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the text:", "neg": "Represent the text:" }
Espoo is the second largest city in Finland .	[ "Espoo is the second largest city and municipality in Finland ." ]	[ "Pulkkila is a former municipality and a village located in Northern Finland ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
Chaudardes is a commune . It is found in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France .	[ "Chaudardes is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ." ]	[ "Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:" }
Sigirino is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .	[ "Sigirino is a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ." ]	[ "Pura is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:", "pos": "Represent the description about Geography:", "neg": "Represent the description:" }
A Fistful of Dollars ( 1964 ) is a Spaghetti Western movie directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood .	[ "A Fistful of Dollars is a 1964 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood alongside Gian Maria VolontÃ , Marianne Koch , Wolfgang Lukschy , Sieghardt Rupp , JosÃ Calvo , Antonio Prieto , and Joseph Egger . Released in Italy in 1964 then in the United States in 1967 , it ini...	[ "During this period , though , De Laurentiis produced such films as Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die , an imitation James Bond film ; Navajo Joe ( 1966 ) , a spaghetti western ; Anzio ( 1968 ) , a World War II film ; Barbarella ( 1968 ) and Danger : Diabolik ( 1968 ) , both successful comic book adaptations ; and T...	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Film:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Film:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:" }
The second movie in the Dollars Trilogy is For a Few Dollars More ; the third is The Good , the Bad and the Ugly .	[ "It was followed by For a Few Dollars More ( 1965 ) and The Good , the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 ) , also starring Eastwood . Collectively , the films are commonly known as the `` Dollars Trilogy '' or `` The Man With No Name Trilogy '' ." ]	[ "In 1967 , he was the most successful draw at the box office , the commercial peak of his career , with three successful films , Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner ; To Sir , with Love and In the Heat of the Night ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Garfield : A Tail of Two Kitties was released on June 16 , 2006 in North America .	[ "A sequel , entitled Garfield : A Tail of Two Kitties , was released on June 16 , 2006 in North America ." ]	[ "A film based on the novel was released on 31 May 2004 , in the United Kingdom and 4 June 2004 in the U.S. and many other countries ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Nobuo Matsunaga ( born 6 December 1921 - died 25 September 2007 ) is a former Japanese football player .	[ "Nobuo Matsunaga ( December 6 , 1921 -- September 25 , 2007 ) was a Japanese football player ." ]	[ "Shu Kamo ( å è å ` Kamo Shu , born 29 October 1939 ) is a retired Japanese football player and currently a football manager ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:" }
The ratio of axises of the Cressida 's prolate spheroid is 0.8 Â 0.3 .	[ "The ratio of axes of the Cressida 's prolate spheroid is 0.8 Â 0.3 ." ]	[ "The value of 6.6 kg indicates a density of 1.3 Â 0.3 g\\/cm3 ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
These moons have similar orbits and photometric properties .	[ "These satellites have similar orbits and photometric properties ." ]	[ "It is easily the largest of the F-type asteroids , but there exist very few details of its internal composition or shape , and no lightcurve analysis has yet been done to determining the ecliptic coordinates of Interamnia 's poles ( and hence its axial tilt ) ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Cressida is a closer moon to Uranus .	[ "Cressida is an inner satellite of Uranus ." ]	[ "Mab is an inner satellite of Uranus ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the description:", "pos": "Represent the sentence:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
At the Voyager 2 images Cressida appears as a stretched object , the major axis pointing towards Uranus .	[ "At the Voyager 2 images Cressida appears as an elongated object , the major axis pointing towards Uranus ." ]	[ "If a solid object after all , would be 3 â ' 5 km in diameter based on brightness , and might be a shepherd satellite for the outer edge of Saturn 's F ring ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Astronomy:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Astronomy:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
It was found from the images taken by Voyager 2 on 1986-01-09 , and was given the designation S\/1986 U 3 .	[ "It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on 9 January 1986 , and was given the temporary designation S\\/1986 U 3 ." ]	[ "Themisto was first discovered by Charles T. Kowal and Elizabeth Roemer on September 30 , 1975 , reported on October 3 , 1975 , and designated ' ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence about Astronomy:", "pos": "Represent the sentence about Astronomy:", "neg": "Represent the sentence:" }
Cressida belongs to Portia Group of moons , which also includes Bianca , Desdemona , Juliet , Portia , Rosalind , Cupid , Belinda and Perdita .	[ "Cressida belongs to the Portia Group of satellites , which includes Bianca , Desdemona , Juliet , Portia , Rosalind , Cupid , Belinda and Perdita ." ]	[ "Three of Uranus 's moons are named after characters from The Rape of the Lock : Belinda , Umbriel , and Ariel , the last name also ( previously ) appearing in Shakespeare 's The Tempest ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:", "neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:" }
Icons are used in many places on a computer .	[ "Icons show this by :" ]	[ "It is strongly recommended to use the latest versions of these browsers ." ]	SimpleWiki	{ "query": "Represent the sentence about Technology:", "pos": "Represent the text about Technology:", "neg": "Represent the text:" }

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