query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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Irvington is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Irvington is a city in Breckinridge County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Meadowview Estates is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky in the United States ."
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A network 's logical topology is not necessarily the same as its physical topology . For example , twisted pair Ethernet is a logical bus topology in a physical star topology layout . | [
"The physical distributed bus topology is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a physical tree topology â `` however , although the physical distributed bus topology resembles the physical tree topology , it differs from the physical tree topology in that there is no central node to which any other nodes are connec... | [
"An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one device or resource , for example one A\\/D converter or one communication line , instead of having one device per input signal ."
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The physical topology you choose for your network depends on : | [
"The physical topology you choose for your network influences and is influenced by several factors :"
] | [
"Applications do not need to be specifically designed to use IPsec . The use of TLS\\/SSL , on the other hand , must be designed into an application to protect the application protocols ."
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Network topology is the layout of the connections ( links , nodes , etc. ) of a computer network . | [
"Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements ( links , nodes , etc. ) of a computer network ."
] | [
"The physical distributed bus topology is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a physical tree topology â `` however , although the physical distributed bus topology resembles the physical tree topology , it differs from the physical tree topology in that there is no central node to which any other nodes are connec... | SimpleWiki | {
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The star topology reduces the probability of a network failure by connecting all of the peripheral nodes ( computers , etc. ) to a central node . When the physical star topology is applied to a logical bus network such as Ethernet , this central node ( traditionally a hub ) rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network , sometimes including the originating node . | [
"Extended star : A type of network topology in which a network that is based upon the physical star topology has one or more repeaters between the central node ( the ` hub ' of the star ) and the peripheral or ` spoke ' nodes , the repeaters being used to extend the maximum transmission distance of the point-to-poi... | [
"In some cases , the far end system may have more functionality than a simple demultiplexer and so , while the demultiplexing still exists logically , it may never actually happen physically ."
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However , there is a higher cost of managing the network . | [
"However , the low cost of implementing the technology is offset by the high cost of managing the network ."
] | [
"However , there are exceptions to this rule , such as defense rather than defense ."
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In local area networks with a star topology , each network host ( for example a PC ) is connected to a central hub with a point-to-point connection . | [
"In local area networks with a star topology , each network host is connected to a central hub ."
] | [
"The physical distributed bus topology is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a physical tree topology â `` however , although the physical distributed bus topology resembles the physical tree topology , it differs from the physical tree topology in that there is no central node to which any other nodes are connec... | SimpleWiki | {
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The simplest topology is a permanent link between two endpoints ( the line in the illustration above ) . | [
"The simplest topology is a permanent link between two endpoints ( the line in the illustration at the top of the page ) ."
] | [
"A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity , found on a device , and named an endpoint ."
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For example , a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network , but two star networks connected together exhibit a hybrid network topology . | [
"For example , a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network topology ."
] | [
"Specifically , the conceptual diagram graph 1 identifies only three boxes , two ellipses , and four arrows ( and their five labels ) , whereas the picture 1 shows much more pictorial detail , with the scores of implied relationships as implicit in the picture rather than with the nine explicit details in the graph... | SimpleWiki | {
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The computers on a home network can be arranged in a circle but it does not necessarily mean that it represents a ring network . | [
"The computers on a home network can be arranged in a circle but it does not necessarily mean that it represents a ring topology ."
] | [
"Since the bus topology consists of only one wire , it is rather inexpensive to implement when compared to other topologies ."
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Additionally , since only one cable is used , so if that network cable breaks the entire network will be down . | [
"If the network cable breaks , the entire network will be down ."
] | [
"In some cases , the far end system may have more functionality than a simple demultiplexer and so , while the demultiplexing still exists logically , it may never actually happen physically ."
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Since the bus topology consists of only one wire , it is cheap to implement compared to other topologies . | [
"Since the bus topology consists of only one wire , it is rather inexpensive to implement when compared to other topologies ."
] | [
"Extended star : A type of network topology in which a network that is based upon the physical star topology has one or more repeaters between the central node ( the ` hub ' of the star ) and the peripheral or ` spoke ' nodes , the repeaters being used to extend the maximum transmission distance of the point-to-poi... | SimpleWiki | {
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The primary disadvantage of the star topology is that it may need a lot more cables , and if the hub breaks everything will stop working . | [
"The primary disadvantage of the star topology is that the hub represents a single point of failure ."
] | [
"Extended star : A type of network topology in which a network that is based upon the physical star topology has one or more repeaters between the central node ( the ` hub ' of the star ) and the peripheral or ` spoke ' nodes , the repeaters being used to extend the maximum transmission distance of the point-to-poi... | SimpleWiki | {
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Network topology is the layout of the connections ( links , nodes , etc. ) of a computer network . Network topologies may be physical or logical . | [
"The total number of point-to-point links in a network that is based upon the physical hierarchical topology will be one less than the total number of nodes in the network ."
] | [
"The physical distributed bus topology is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a physical tree topology â `` however , although the physical distributed bus topology resembles the physical tree topology , it differs from the physical tree topology in that there is no central node to which any other nodes are connec... | SimpleWiki | {
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All traffic on the network passes through the central hub . | [
"All traffic that traverses the network passes through the central hub ."
] | [
"Also , see the list of operating systems for all types of operating systems ."
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Hedgehogs eat insects , snails , frogs and toads , snakes , bird eggs , carrion , mushrooms , berries , melons and watermelons . | [
"Hedgehogs feed on insects , snails , frogs and toads , snakes , bird eggs , carrion , mushrooms , grass roots , berries , melons , and watermelons ."
] | [
"Its food is sought both on the ground and in trees and includes virtually all known types of plant and animal sources , such as acorns and beech mast , weed seeds , grain , fruits and other berries , peanuts , bread , meat , small invertebrates of many types , scraps in town parks , bird-table food and rarely eggs... | SimpleWiki | {
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He replaced Secretary Paul O'Neill on February 3 , 2003 and was succeeded by Henry Paulson on July 3 , 2006 , in a move that had been anticipated for several weeks . | [
"He replaced Secretary Paul O'Neill on February 3 , 2003 and was succeeded by Henry Paulson on July 3 , 2006 , in a move that had been anticipated ."
] | [
"Gonzales was appointed to the post in February 2005 by President George W. Bush ."
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John William Snow ( born August 2 , 1939 , in Toledo , Ohio ) served as the 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury . | [
"John William Snow ( born August 2 , 1939 , in Toledo , Ohio ) was the CEO of CSX Corporation , and served as the 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury under U.S. President George W. Bush ."
] | [
"Robert Michael Gates ( born September 25 , 1943 ) is the 22nd and current United States Secretary of Defense ."
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Takashi Fukunishi ( born 1 September 1976 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Takashi Fukunishi is a former Japanese football player ."
] | [
"Kim Wi-Man ( born June 23 , 1979 ) is a former North Korean football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Gouy-Saint-Andr à is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Gouy-Saint-Andr à is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Villers-Ch à cents tel is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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Champdor is a commune . | [
"Champdor is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France ."
] | [
"Sallaumines is a commune of northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is one of Japan 's first class rivers . | [
"It is one of Japan 's first-class rivers ."
] | [
"`` Tower Reaching Heaven '' , owned by TsÅ `` tenkaku Kanko Co. , Ltd. is a well-known landmark of Osaka , Japan and advertises Hitachi , Ltd. ."
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Villepail is a commune of 205 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Villepail is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Beaufou is a small village in the region of Pays de la Loire in western France ."
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Then , West held several posts in the administration of Jimmy Carter : general counsel to the Navy ( 1977-1979 ) , special assistant to the secretary and to the deputy secretary of defense ( 1979 ) , and general counsel to the Department of Defense ( 1980-1981 ) . | [
"Then , West held several posts in the administration of Jimmy Carter : General Counsel of the Navy ( 1977 â `` 1979 ) , Special Assistant to the Secretary and to the Deputy Secretary of Defense ( 1979 ) , and General Counsel to the Department of Defense ( 1980 â `` 1981 ) ."
] | [
"Patricia Roberts Harris ( May 31 , 1924 -- March 23 , 1985 ) served as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development , and United States Secretary of Health , Education , and Welfare ( which office later became United States Secretary of Health and Human Services ) in the administration of President Jim... | SimpleWiki | {
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While a freshman at Howard University , he became a member of Alpha Phi Omega fraternity . | [
"While a freshman at Howard University , he became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega ."
] | [
"She briefly attended Edgewood College in Madison , Wisconsin , and Spring Hill College in Mobile , but transferred to Xavier University of Louisiana in New Orleans , where she became an active member of the Gamma Alpha Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority , Inc. and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Since leaving the government , West has worked as a lawyer and has served as president of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies , a Washington-based think tank that works on issues that are important to minorities . | [
"Since leaving the government , West has practiced law and has served as president of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies , a Washington-based think tank focused on issues of concern to minorities ."
] | [
"He is currently a lobbyist for Pfizer and chairman of QTC Management , a company that works on contracts for the Veterans Affairs Department ."
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After that , he entered Howard University , getting a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering in 1965 , and a Juris Doctor in 1968 , receiving cum laude honors and graduating first in his class . | [
"He subsequently entered Howard University , obtaining a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering in 1965 , and a Juris Doctor in 1968 , receiving cum laude honors and graduating first in his class ."
] | [
"Rucker attended St. Xavier High School before earning a B.A. in mathematics from Swarthmore College , and a Master 's and Ph. D. in mathematics from Rutgers University ."
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As the Secretary of the Army , West commented on the Aberdeen scandal , which prompted stricter enforcement and investigation into the Army 's sexual harassment policies . | [
"As the Secretary of the Army , West weighed in on the Aberdeen scandal , prompting stricter enforcement and investigation into the Army 's sexual harassment policies ."
] | [
"In the book he defended his actions in Taiwan and criticized the company for neglecting his pleas for reinforcement ."
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He was picked by President Bill Clinton on January 27 , 1998 , during Clinton 's second term , and was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 5 , 1998 . | [
"He was nominated by President Bill Clinton on January 27 , 1998 , during Clinton 's second term , and was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 5 , 1998 ."
] | [
"Principi served as Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs , VA 's second-highest executive position , from March 17 , 1989 , to September 26 , 1992 , when he was named Acting Secretary of Veterans Affairs by President George H. W. Bush ."
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West is also a member of the Kappa Psi chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated . | [
"West is a member of the Kappa Psi chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated ."
] | [
"Alexander graduated from Georgia Tech in 1912 with a degree in civil engineering . Valedictorian of his class , he was also a brother of the Kappa Sigma fraternity ."
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He is the President of the National Capital Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America . | [
"He previously served as the President of the National Capital Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America ."
] | [
"Tim was born to Dr. Mark Masthay , who currently serves as the chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Dayton and to Jean Masthay , currently Executive Director of TriState Habitat for Humanity in Cincinnati , Ohio ."
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Before that , he had served as United States Secretary of the Army under Clinton , from 1993 to 1997 . | [
"He had previously served as United States Secretary of the Army under Clinton , from 1993 to 1997 ."
] | [
"Hazel Reid O'Leary ( born May 17 , 1937 ) was the seventh United States Secretary of Energy , from 1993 to 1997 , appointed by President Bill Clinton ."
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Togo Dennis West , Jr. ( born June 21 , 1942 ) is an attorney and public official who was the third United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs . | [
"Togo Dennis West , Jr. ( born June 21 , 1942 ) is an attorney and public official who was the third person to occupy the post of United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs ."
] | [
"Shirley Mount Hufstedler ( born August 24 , 1925 , in Denver , Colorado ) is an American lawyer who served as the first United States Secretary of Education , under President Jimmy Carter ."
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Dohem is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Dohem is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Longvilliers ( until 1997 Longvillers ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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CÃ cents rlibaba is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania . | [
"CÃ cents rlibaba is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | [
"FrÄ tÄ uÅ # ii Noi is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Wavre is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant . | [
"Wavre is a town and municipality located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant , of which it is the capital ."
] | [
"Rixensart is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant ."
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Campagne-l à s-Guines is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Campagne-l à s-Guines is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas de Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Vieil-Hesdin ( Eng : Old-Hesdin ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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For the wife of President Herbert Walker Bush and mother of President George W. Bush , see Barbara Bush | [
"For the wife of George H.W. Bush , see Barbara Bush . Barbara Pierce Welch Bush ( born November 25 , 1981 ; Dallas , Texas ) is the elder of the fraternal twin daughters ( the other is Jenna Hager , nà e Bush ) of the 43rd U.S. President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush , and the granddaughter of th... | [
"Graham also counseled Lyndon B. Johnson , Gerald Ford , Jimmy Carter , Ronald Reagan , Bill Clinton , and the Bush family ."
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Barbara Pierce Bush was born November 25 , 1981 at Baylor University Medical Center in Texas . She is the older of two fraternal twin girls born to George W. Bush , the 43rd President of the United States . | [
"Barbara Pierce Welch Bush ( born November 25 , 1981 ; Dallas , Texas ) is the elder of the fraternal twin daughters ( the other is Jenna Hager , nà e Bush ) of the 43rd U.S. President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush , and the granddaughter of the 41st U.S. President George H. W. Bush , and his wife... | [
"Margaret Spellings , born Margaret Dudar on November 30 , 1957 in Michigan , moved with her family to Houston when she was in the third grade ."
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Fratton Park is a football stadium in England . It is the home stadium of Portsmouth F.C. . | [
"Fratton Park is the home stadium of Portsmouth F.C. , the city 's traditional professional football club , and is situated in the English city-port of Portsmouth ."
] | [
"It is notable as the nearest station to Stamford Bridge stadium , the home of Chelsea Football Club ."
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This term is used by these churches : Church of England and the Anglican Communion , Roman Catholic , the Eastern Orthodox Church , Lutheran churches , and some Methodist , and Presbyterian churches . | [
"Being an ancient concept the term parish is used by all the long established Christian denominations : Roman Catholic , Anglican Communion , the Eastern Orthodox Church , Lutheran churches , and some Methodist , and Presbyterian churches ."
] | [
"One way was greater cooperation between groups , such as the Edinburgh Missionary Conference of Protestants in 1910 , the Justice , Peace and Creation Commission of the World Council of Churches founded in 1948 by Protestant and Orthodox churches , and similar national councils like the National Council of Churche... | SimpleWiki | {
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Free or Zero-fare public transport services are funded in full by means other than collecting a fare from passengers . | [
"Zero-fare public transport services are funded in full by means other than collecting a fare from passengers , normally through heavy subsidy or commercial sponsorship by businesses ."
] | [
"Ambulance trusts and services may also undertake non-urgent patient transport services on a commercial arrangement with their local hospital trusts or health boards , or in some cases on directly funded government contracts . This is an area where an increasing amount of private firms are taking business away from... | SimpleWiki | {
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Public transport is also good for the environment . When people use public transport it means that there are fewer cars on the road . | [
"Public transport allows transport at an economy of scale not available through private transport ."
] | [
"In theory , a four-stroke engine has to be larger than a two-stroke engine to produce an equivalent amount of power . Two-stroke engines are becoming less common in developed countries these days , mainly due to manufacturer reluctance to invest in reducing two-stroke emissions ."
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Another good thing about public transport is the cost . It is very cheap to catch public transport every day and lots of people like public transport better than their cars . | [
"Through stimulating public transport it is possible to reduce the total transport cost for the public ."
] | [
"In fact , even during the winter , air conditioning systems are still in use during peak hours to ensure a comfortable shopping environment ."
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Ian MacCormick ( 3 October 1948 â `` 20 August 2003 ) was a music critic and author , who wrote a very famous detailed history about the Beatles . | [
"Ian MacCormick ( 3 October 1948 â `` 20 August 2003 ) , who wrote under the pseudonym Ian MacDonald , was a British music critic and author , best known for his detailed history of The Beatles and The New Shostakovich , a controversial study of the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich ."
] | [
"Richard Kemble Marsland ( 5 September 1976 â `` 6 December 2008 ) was an Australian comedy writer , actor , comedian and radio personality ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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As man began to eat foods easier to digest , they became less reliant on cellulose-rich plants for energy . | [
"As people began to eat more easily digested foods , they became less reliant on cellulose-rich plants for energy ."
] | [
"Its widespread presence in many seeds and fruits may serve to stimulate the digestive tract into expelling the seeds ."
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The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the colon . The appendix is near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine . | [
"The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the colon and the appendix is near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine and has abundant infection-fighting lymphoid cells , which suggests it plays a role in the immune system ."
] | [
"In the upper part of the vertebral column , spinal nerves exit directly from the spinal cord , whereas in the lower part of the vertebral column nerves pass further down the column before exiting ."
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In human anatomy , the appendix ( other names include vermiform appendix ; cecal ( or caecal ) appendix ; vermix ) is a blind ended tube connected to the cecum ( or caecum ) , from which it develops embryologically . | [
"In human anatomy , the appendix ( or vermiform appendix ; also cecal ( or caecal ) appendix ; also vermix ) is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum ( or caecum ) , from which it develops embryologically ."
] | [
"The jejunum lies between the duodenum and the ileum ."
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The cecum of the koala is attached to the juncture of the small and large intestines-like in humans - and is very long . This enables it to host bacteria specific for cellulose breakdown . | [
"The cecum of the koala is very long , enabling it to host bacteria specific for cellulose breakdown ."
] | [
"Dormice are unique among rodents in that they lack a cecum , a part of the gut used in other species to ferment vegetable matter ."
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It may be a vestigial organ of ancient man that has degraded down to nearly nothing over the course of evolution . | [
"It may be a vestigial organ , evolutionary baggage , of ancient humans that has degraded down to nearly nothing over the course of evolution ."
] | [
"Since little is known of them , they remain controversial among scientists since the molecular clock in humans has determined that humans and chimpanzees had an evolutionary split at least a million years later ."
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Early manâ s ancestor may have also relied upon this system and lived on a diet rich in foliage . | [
"Human ancestors may have also relied upon this system and lived on a diet rich in foliage ."
] | [
"The cooking of meat , as evident from burned and blackened mammal bones , makes the meats easier to eat and easier to attain the nutrition from proteins by making the meat itself easier to digest ."
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The appendix is near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine . | [
"The appendix is located near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine ."
] | [
"Gastric dumping syndrome , or rapid gastric emptying is a condition where ingested foods bypass the stomach too rapidly and enter the small intestine largely undigested ."
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The term `` vermiform '' comes from Latin and means `` worm-like in appearance '' . | [
"The term `` vermiform '' comes from Latin and means `` worm-shaped '' ."
] | [
"The word `` ruminant '' comes from the Latin ruminare , which means `` to chew over again '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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After thousands of years , the once-necessary cecum has degraded to what we see today ; the appendix . | [
"After thousands of years , the once-necessary cecum has degraded to what we see today , with the appendix ."
] | [
"At about 40 to 60 years of age , the elephant no longer has teeth and will likely die of starvation , a common cause of death ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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Darwin suggested that the appendix was perhaps used to digest leaves as primates . | [
"One potential ancestral purpose put forth by Charles Darwin was that the appendix was used for digesting leaves as primates ."
] | [
"Evidence of this exists in the form of its physiology which was specifically tailored to a diet of grubs and plants ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the colon . | [
"The cecum is a pouchlike structure of the colon ."
] | [
"Each gland forms as an outpocketing of the wall of ampulla of each vas deferens ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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The Royal College of Music is a conservatory in London where young people can study music . It was founded in 1882 . | [
"The Royal College of Music is a leading conservatoire founded by Royal Charter in 1882 , located in South Kensington , London , England ."
] | [
"The Holst Library is connected to the Maltings . Many of the original contents were donated by Imogen Holst , who was a close friend of Benjamin Britten and an artistic director of the Aldeburgh Festival from 1956 to 1977 , and it was named the Gustav Holst Library as a memorial to her father ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Falafel balls may also be eaten alone as a snack or served as part of a mezze . | [
"Falafel balls may also be eaten alone as a snack or served as part of a meze ."
] | [
"In the Western world , examples of generally accepted finger food are miniature beef pies , sausage rolls , sausages on sticks , cheese and olives on sticks , chicken drumsticks or wings , spring rolls , miniature quiches , samosas , sandwiches or other such based foods , such as pitas or items in buns , onion bha... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Other variations may contain only chickpeas . | [
"The use of chickpeas is predominant in most Middle Eastern countries . The dish is usually made with chickpeas in Jordan , Lebanon and Syria ."
] | [
"They can also contain milk and yogurt and a small number of smoothies do use ice cream ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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This is the case of Plaestinians , Yemenite Jews in Jerusalem as well as in Syria and Lebanon . In the Levant , Falafel is generally made only with chickpeas . | [
"Palestinians and Yemenite Jews in Jerusalem have historically prepared falafel only from chickpeas ."
] | [
"In Japan , China , Taiwan and some Southeast Asian countries , including Thailand and Malaysia , peas are roasted and salted , and eaten as snacks ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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In many countries falafel is a popular street food or fast food . | [
"Falafel grew to become a common form of street food or fast food in the Middle East ."
] | [
"Although squid is more popular as a restaurant dish all over the world , in East Asia dried , shredded cuttlefish is a popular snack food ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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The falafel balls , whole or crushed , may be topped with salads , pickled vegetables and hot sauce , and drizzled with tahini-based sauces . | [
"The falafel balls are topped with salads , pickled vegetables , hot sauce , and drizzled with tahini-based sauces ."
] | [
"Condiments are sometimes added prior to serving , for example a sandwich made with ketchup or mustard . Some condiments are used during cooking to add flavor or texture to the food ; barbecue sauce , teriyaki sauce , soy sauce , marmite are examples ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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During Ramadan , they are sometimes eaten as part of an iftar , the meal which breaks the daily fast after sunset . | [
"During Ramadan , falafel balls are sometimes eaten as part of the iftar , the meal that breaks the daily fast after sunset ."
] | [
"Islam 's holiest month , Ramadan , is observed through many events ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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Asher is a city of Oklahoma in the United States . | [
"Asher is a town in Pottawatomie County , Oklahoma , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Grants of land are also awarded to individuals and companies to help develop unused land in relatively unpopulated countries . | [
"Grants of land are also awarded to individuals and companies as incentives to develop unused land in relatively unpopulated countries ; the process of awarding land grants are not limited to the countries named below ."
] | [
"Upon the closing out of Belgian and British army facilities many of these military facilities either became used for civilian purposes or were abandoned or demolished ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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A land grant is a gift of real estate - land or privileges - made by a government or other authority as a reward for services to an individual , especially as rewards for military service . | [
"A land grant is a gift of real estate â `` land or its privileges â `` made by a government or other authority as a reward for services to an individual , especially in return for military service ."
] | [
"Freedom of the City is an honor bestowed by some municipalities in Australia , Canada , Ireland , France , Italy , New Zealand , South Africa , Spain , the United Kingdom , and Zimbabwe to esteemed members of its community or to organizations that have given the community heroic service ; the term applies to two s... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Mount Vernon is a city of Illinois in the United States . | [
"Mount Vernon ( Mt. Vernon ) is a city located near the center of Jefferson County , Illinois , in the United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Mesrop Mashtots ' Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan , Armenia , is one of the richest depositories of manuscripts and books in the world . | [
"The Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts ( Mesrop Mashtots ' i anvan hin dzeá agreri institut ) , commonly referred to as the Matenadaran , is an ancient manuscript repository located in Yerevan , Armenia . It holds one of the world 's richest depositories of medieval manuscripts and books which span a... | [
"The first known library of its kind to gather a serious collection of books from beyond its country 's borders , the Library at Alexandria was charged with collecting all the world 's knowledge ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Armenian history:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Armenian history:",
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Efforts are underway by pedestrian advocacy groups to make it easy to be a pedestrian in new developments , especially to counteract newer developments where 20 to 30 percent do not include sidewalks . | [
"Efforts are under way by pedestrian advocacy groups to restore pedestrian access to new developments , especially to counteract newer developments , 20 % to 30 % of which in the United States do not include sidewalks ."
] | [
"According to the village planning handbook issued by the city , the purpose of the village planning committees is to work with the city 's planning commission to ensure a balance of housing and employment in each village , concentrate development at identified village cores , and to promote the unique character an... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
There are also footpaths not associated with a road which are used only by pedestrians , especially ramblers , hikers or hill-walkers and there are roads not associated with a footpath . | [
"There are also footpaths not associated with a road ; these include urban short cuts and also rural paths used mainly by ramblers , hikers , or hill-walkers ."
] | [
"Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments , often on hiking trails ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Nowadays , roads often have a designated footpath attached especially for pedestrian traffic , called the sidewalk in American English and the pavement in British English . | [
"Roads often have a designated footpath for pedestrian traffic , called the sidewalk in American English and the pavement in British English ."
] | [
"Motorways are fast freeways and are larger than `` A '' roads . Motorways follow different zoning and numbering systems than `` A '' and `` B '' roads ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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We walked across Asia to reach the Americas . | [
"They walked across Asia to reach the Americas , and from Central Asia into Europe ."
] | [
"Percy decides to travel west to reach the entrance to the Underworld in Los Angeles ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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These footpaths , in mountains or forests , are called trails . | [
"Footpaths in mountainous or forested areas may also be called trails ."
] | [
"Roads have long been built , and more recently railways , through passes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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We walked across India to reach Australia . | [
"They walked along the coast of India to reach Australia ."
] | [
"They settled in New York City ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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} |
Cosenza is a province in the region of Calabria in Italy . | [
"The Province of Cosenza is a province in the Calabria region of Italy ."
] | [
"The Province of Brindisi is a province in the Apulia region of Italy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Despite the failures in the Vietnam War , Johnson is ranked favorably by historians because of his Great Society . | [
"Despite the failures of his foreign policy , Johnson is ranked favorably by some historians because of his domestic policies ."
] | [
"Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency , it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965 , as part of the `` Great Society '' program of President Lyndon Johnson , to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Lyndon B. Johnson ( August 27 , 1908 â `` January 22 , 1973 ) was the 36th president of the United States . | [
"Lyndon Baines Johnson ( August 27 , 1908 - January 22 , 1973 ) , often referred to as LBJ , was a US politician who served as the 36th President of the United States ( 1963-1969 ) after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States ( 1961-1963 ) ."
] | [
"Rutherford Birchard Hayes ( October 4 , 1822 â `` January 17 , 1893 ) was the 19th President of the United States ( 1877-1881 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about History:"
} |
Fiefs , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Fiefs is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Vieil-Hesdin ( Eng : Old-Hesdin ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
World War II , or the Second World War ( also written in WWII or WW2 ) , was a war fought on almost every continent on the world from 1939 and 1945 . Most of the world 's countries fought in the war , including all of the great powers , forming into two military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . | [
"World War II , or the Second World War ( often abbreviated as WWII or WW2 ) , was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945 , which involved most of the world 's nations , including all of the great powers : eventually forming two opposing military alliances , the Allies and the Axis ."
] | [
"The battle involved over 600,000 soldiers , making it the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the description about History:",
"neg": "Represent the description about History:"
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Around 7.5 million people died in China caused by the Japanese . | [
"Roughly 7.5 million civilians died in China under Japanese occupation , and the Serbs were targeted by the Axis-aligned Croatian UstaÅ e."
] | [
"It is estimated that at least 100 people lost their lives , mostly due to mudslides , including five persons in Havana ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
Hungarians were forced to work for the Soviet Union until 1955 . | [
"In Hungary 's case , Hungarians were forced to work for the Soviet Union until 1955 ."
] | [
"Over 700 of the inmates lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Germany in 1944 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Around 11 to 17 million civilians died . | [
"An estimated 11 to 17 million civilians died as a direct or indirect result of Nazi ideological policies , including the systematic genocide of around six million Jews during The Holocaust along with a further five million Roma , Slavs , homosexuals and other ethnic and minority groups ."
] | [
"More than 12,500 out of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
The war ended in March 1940 with a peace treaty . | [
"The resulting conflict ended in March 1940 with Finnish concessions ."
] | [
"Negotiations dragged on into the following year with a contract finally signed in June 1902 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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The assault rifle , a development combining features of the rifle and submachine gun , became the main weapon for most armies after the war . | [
"The assault rifle , a late war development incorporating many features of the rifle and submachine gun , became the standard postwar infantry weapon for most armed forces ."
] | [
"Other wildcats based on the heavy machine gun .50 BMG and similar anti-materiel rounds have been devised which are much more powerful , though they are not generally considered useful hunting arms being that their weight usually exceeds 25 l."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In September 1943 , the Allies invaded mainland Italy , following the Italian armistice with the Allies . | [
"In early September 1943 , the Western Allies invaded the Italian mainland , following an Italian armistice with the Allies ."
] | [
"Within months , Antonescu had crushed the Iron Guard , and the subsequent year Romania entered the war on the side of the Axis powers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
British and Chinese forces advanced in Northern Burma and captured Rangoon by May 3 . | [
"British , American and Chinese forces defeated the Japanese in northern Burma in March , and the British pushed on to reach Rangoon by 3 May ."
] | [
"The important Japanese base of Saipan fell to the Allied forces on July 15 , 1944 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
At the start of the war , most commanders thought that tanks should be faced with a higher quality ones . However , early tanks could harm armor just a little , and German idea to keep away from let tanks fight one another . | [
"At the start of the war , most commanders thought enemy tanks should be met by tanks with superior specifications ."
] | [
"The Italians also had armored vehicles ( a small number of both light and medium tanks ) , artillery , and , most important , superior air support ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Even though vehicles became more used , infantry remained the main part of the army , and most equipped like in the World War I. | [
"Even with large-scale mechanisation , infantry remained the backbone of all forces , and throughout the war , most infantry were equipped similarly to World War I."
] | [
"Submarines , tanks and heavy artillery were forbidden and the air force was dissolved ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Finland rejected the Soviets , so it was attacked in November 1939 . | [
"Finland rejected territorial demands and was invaded by the Soviet Union in November 1939 ."
] | [
"They left the coalition and arguably caused its collapse on November 23 , 1923 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Stalingrad was in the path of the Axis army , and the Soviets decided to defend the city . | [
"The Soviets decided to make their stand at Stalingrad , which was in the path of the advancing German armies ."
] | [
"The Japanese , with their own objectives in mind , refused to proceed west of Lake Baikal and stayed behind ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
On August 15 , Japan formally surrendered to the Allies . The surrender documents were signed formally on board of USS Missouri on September 2 , 1945 , ending the war . | [
"On 15 August 1945 Japan surrendered , with the surrender documents finally signed aboard the deck of the American battleship USS Missouri on 2 September 1945 , ending the war ."
] | [
"It officially began on June 1 , 1990 , and lasted until November 30 , 1990 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Weather:"
} |
Then , in April 1940 , Germany decided to attack Norway and Denmark so that it would be safer to transport iron ore from Sweden , which the Allies tried to disrupt but failed . | [
"In April 1940 , Germany invaded Denmark and Norway to secure shipments of iron ore from Sweden , which the Allies were about to disrupt ."
] | [
"The German Navy ( Kriegsmarine ) played a major role in World War II as control over the commerce routes in the Atlantic was crucial for Germany , Britain and later the Soviet Union ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
On the Eastern Front , the Axis defeated Soviet attacks during summer and began its own main offensive to southern Russia along Don River and Volga River in June 1942 , trying to take over oil fields in Caucasus and a great steppe . | [
"On Germany 's eastern front , the Axis defeated Soviet offensives in the Kerch Peninsula and at Kharkov , and then launched their main summer offensive against southern Russia in June 1942 , to seize the oil fields of the Caucasus and occupy Kuban steppe , while maintaining positions on the northern and central ar... | [
"The German Navy ( Kriegsmarine ) played a major role in World War II as control over the commerce routes in the Atlantic was crucial for Germany , Britain and later the Soviet Union ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about History:",
"pos": "Represent the description about History:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
The Allies wanted Japan to surrender with no terms , but Japan refused . The United States then dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima ( August 6 ) and Nagasaki ( August 9 ) . | [
"When Japan continued to ignore the Potsdam terms , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in early August ."
] | [
"Kokura was the primary target of the nuclear weapon `` Fat Man '' on August 9 , 1945 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
On September 3 , Britain and France declared war on Germany . They sent a small French attack on Western Germany which could not help Poland much . | [
"On 3 September 1939 France and Britain , followed by the countries of the Commonwealth , declared war on Germany but provided little support to Poland other than a small French attack into the Saarland ."
] | [
"From his death bed , Howard returned to France via Switzerland and shared his vital data and secrets with the French government : the Germans were not opening a new front in the Alps and there was no need to move allied troops away from the Western Front ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Chamberlain was replaced by Churchill as Prime Minister of United Kingdom in May 1940 because British were unhappy with his work . | [
"In May 1940 Britain invaded Iceland . British discontent over the Norwegian campaign led to the replacement of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain by Winston Churchill on 10 May 1940 ."
] | [
"In 1912 , Spring-Rice was appointed as Ambassador to the United States of America where he influenced the administration of Woodrow Wilson to abandon neutrality and join Britain in the war against Germany ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Germany surrendered to the Western Allies on May 7 , known as V-E Day , and was forced to surrender to the Soviets on May 8 . | [
"On the Eastern Front , Germany surrendered to the Soviets on 8 May ."
] | [
"In the aftermath of the Japanese occupation of Korea which ended with Japan 's defeat in World War II in 1945 , Korea was divided at the 38th parallel in accordance with a United Nations arrangement , to be administered by the Soviet Union in the north and the United States in the south ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
By late April , the Allies pushed forward in Italy , while the Soviets attacked Berlin . The two linked up on Elbe river on April 25 . | [
"In early April , the Western Allies finally pushed forward in Italy and swept across Western Germany , while Soviet forces stormed Berlin in late April ; the two forces linked up on Elbe river on 25 April ."
] | [
"British , American and Chinese forces defeated the Japanese in northern Burma in March , and the British pushed on to reach Rangoon by 3 May ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
World War II began on September 1 , 1939 , as Germany invaded Poland . | [
"On 1 September 1939 , Germany and Slovakiaâ '' a client state in 1939 â '' attacked Poland ."
] | [
"The new cantons had been part of Belgium for just 20 years when in 1940 they were retaken by Germany in World War II ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
German forces surrendered in Italy on April 29 . | [
"German forces surrendered in Italy on 29 April and in Western Europe on 7 May ."
] | [
"This began with the Soviet occupation by the Red Army on 28 June 1940 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about History:"
} |
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