query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What would happen if mosquitoes went extinct? | [
"[Nature: 'Ecology: A world without mosquitos'](_URL_0_) \"Yet in many cases, scientists acknowledge that the ecological scar left by a missing mosquito would heal quickly as the niche was filled by other organisms. Life would continue as before — or even better.\""
] | [
"We're working on it. Eradicating a species as invasive as the mosquito isn't exactly easy. Can't exactly just spray pesticide everywhere."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what are the little stars that appear on our vision sometimes? | [
"The retina lines the inside of your eye and is responsible for sensing light. The light sensing part are the photoreceptor cells that send signals through your optic nerve to your brain so you perceive that light. However, these photoreceptor cells can also fire from physical stimulus. The transparent gel-like flu... | [
"I want to know that too. Maybe i can add a question to that ELI5 topic: Why do i see lightning like things when closing my eyes and pushing/rolling them with my finger?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
- why do the bubble in Guinness look like they’re going down? | [
"Actually they do go down. The bubbles in the center of the glass move up, creating a flow of the beer sort of like a hurricane. It’s shaped like a donut and the bubbles on the outside are pulled down and then into the center where they rise and form that awesome creamy beer head."
] | [
"The light goes wibbly wobbly on the top of the water and our eyes are like hey thats not regular air right there!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why aren't films released at the same time worldwide? | [
"Part of it might be promotional - they want the actors at press events and on talk shows the week leading up to the release, and they can't be in two countries at once. Also, the films being released any given weekend probably differ in importance from country to country, and film studios take competition into acc... | [
"a better question would be who thinks it's a good idea to go to times square on NYE at this stage?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Media:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Media:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is fire and what gives it color? | [
"Fire is what we call the effect we see upon combustion. Combustion is the release of energy from a substance as heat. This is only one form of energy, and that's why it's possible to have varying intensity of temperature and brilliance, and reactions that give off energy more in, say, the IR spectrum (infrared str... | [
"They look at the light it gives off. Each element gives off a different colour. Just a matter of matching the colors to the elements."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Physics:"
} |
How did countries determine what voltage to use in their electricity systems? | [
"NA was the first to set up power grids large scale. Europe and everywhere else started later, starting later allowed them to have access to more efficient equipment so 220V was the standard. It's to expensive and a hassle to switch from 120V to 220V so thats what your household is stuck with."
] | [
"Because there wasn't one single company producing electrical components for all countries at the various times that these countries were producing their infrastructure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Electrical plugs and their design:"
} |
Why are so many people against the trans pacific partnership? | [
"1) Secrecy. Even though it's in its final draft. No one outside senate can see it. 2) 500 people in 28 workgroups drafted it. 85% of them are corporate executives and lobbyists. 3) It's reported to have a section that allow corporations to sue governments for damages and over turn regulations. 4) Past experience. ... | [
"Welcome to the one of the strongest arguments against the prohibition of firearms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
if precipitation exists, how can the world run out of water? if rain falls, gets used by us and then flushed or poured out, does it not go somewhere and then dry and then fall as rain again? how is this not infinitely repeatable? | [
"There's a big difference between water and potable water. That's what most people are referring to. That and some regions tend to see their moisture fly elsewhere during the water cycle and can be constantly or intermittently quite dry and droughty."
] | [
"Well, mainly the water cycle. Evaporating water then it falling back to the ground esentilally gets rid of any impurities. The rivers through which the water flows generally have been washed out by previous water, which pretty much cleans the actual riverbed of most impurities that may be loose, therefore it becom... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What extremists are trying to prove backing their actions with religion? | [
"They aren't backing their actions with religion, that is what the western media does. They clearly state the geopolitical reasons behind their actions (the invasion of Iraq, the assassination of leaders, the occupation of Afghanistan. The 10 year embargo on Iraq that caused at least a million civilian deaths in Ir... | [
"They want to establish an Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. That's what ISIS stands for."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If Israeli citizens cannot enter Saudi Arabia, what happens if an Israeli Muslim wants to visit Mecca? | [
"Jordan will issue temporary passports for Israeli Muslims going on the Hajj. I used to work with someone who did that."
] | [
"Saudi Arabia is sitting on the two holiest sites in Islam. The Saudi Royal Family is the gatekeeper for these sites. For the monarchy to maintain legitimacy, they need to adopt a strict interpretation of Islam. The UAE is not sitting on the two holiest Sites in Islam."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Christmas music really just seems to be the same 20 or so songs covered by 100s of artists. Why does no one ever release new Christmas songs? | [
"Nostalgia is a big part. [Our buddies over at XKCD point out](_URL_0_) that the big chunk of christmas pop songs came out right then the baby boomers were born, making these tunes part of their childhood."
] | [
"They have huge crossover appeal, and got big really really fast. They are rock, poo, and country, and while some are complaining all their songs sounds the same, news flash, welcome to Top40 people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How is it that creatures like octopuses don't ever sleep, when humans and other animals can't seem to function without it? | [
"Octopuses do [sleep](_URL_1_) and in fact enter into REM sleep just like mammals. Although scientists haven't identified all the reasons why animals **must** sleep, we are closer to answers. We know now that part of the reason we sleep is to [clear out waste products](_URL_0_) in the brain."
] | [
"Pets are generally closer to their basic instincts than we are and their brains don't interfere with their basic life functions as much. Sleep is one of those functions, and unless they're mistreated or under some form of stress (e.g. a thunderstorm), a dog generally has a much easier time of it going to sleep wh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do Americans refer to the Republican Party as the Grand Old Party, when the Democratic Party is 16 years older? | [
"According to Wikipedia: > The term \"Grand Old Party\" is a traditional nickname for the Republican Party, and the abbreviation \"GOP\" is a commonly used designation. The term originated in 1875 in the *Congressional Record*, referring to the party associated with the successful military defense of the Union as ... | [
"The political party he belonged to was called Republican. This political party has very little to do with the party we call Republican today. I think, technically, it's still the same party, but the fundamental principles have changed greatly. If Lincoln were alive today, it is doubtful he would be a republican.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did cell phones used to have external antennas? Why are they no longer needed? | [
"It has a lot to do with the carrier frequency between the towers and your phone. The antenna size is pretty much related to the frequency of the carrier wave that transmits the information. Old phones used stuff close to 900 mhz, systems now a'days use frequencies closer to 1900 mhz which allows for smaller antenn... | [
"Well, whenever I want to listen to the radio on my phone I must plug in my earphones. The wire serves as the antenna. Maybe the reason it can't pick up TV broadcasts is similar. Television antennas tend to be bigger than those of personal radios so that might make it impractical."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The psychology of fake martial arts | [
"I really enjoyed watching the MMA fighter. Throughout the fight his body language seemed to say \"you're sure you want to go through with this? OK, here we go\"."
] | [
"There's an inverse relationship between quality of your appearance and the quality of the mirror"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why do we hate rats so much but are indifferent to squirrels? | [
"squirrels aren't trying to get into my house"
] | [
"Here's an article you may find interesting. _URL_0_ A lot of koalas have chlamydia. So yeah, animals definitely have STDs. Combine the chlamydia with the fact that koalas may be the dumbest mammals to ever exist (not an exaggeration, sadly) and their future isn't exactly secure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why doesn't beer (or any alcoholic beverage) have to have nutrition facts printed on it? | [
"Because Food is regulated by a different governmental agency than alcohol."
] | [
"Cigarettes aren't food, and thus are exempt from needing to print an ingredient list."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did we evolve to sleep? (or why haven't we evolved to stay awake 24/7) | [
"We aren't sure exactly why organisms evolved sleep. One theory is that it evolved as a way to pass time while predators were out hunting. Sleeping not only passes the time (allowing an organism to remain in one hidden place) it also saves the organism energy while it's hiding from predators. It may also not have ... | [
"Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does your body decide when to wake up? ](_URL_2_) 1. [ELI5: How does our brain decide that \"It's time to wake up\"? ](_URL_3_) 1. [ELI5:how does your body know when to wake up. when you wake up naturally without an alarm how does your body ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:"
} |
Why are we getting less rain as the oceans become hotter and not more? | [
"Who is \"we?\" Some places are getting less rain and some are getting more. Weather isn't one thing."
] | [
"We have, by some estimates, already reached the point of no return. With the CO2 levels in the air reaching levels not seen in millions of year, it is unsafe for humans. The oceans were 80 feet higher than they are now the last time the CO2 levels were this high and weather much more extreme. We are already starti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
do animals of the same species use different methods for bringing up their offsprings, just like humans do? | [
"Im a farmer and have noticed if you have a cow that's more flighty then the calf will be more flighty, and cows that are more chill will have more chill calves. Also most all animals have different personalities."
] | [
"No, there are other primates who show interest in it; there are primates, for example, that trade food for the opportunity to look at pictures of genitalia of the opposite sex. Can't recall the species, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is in gasoline that makes cars go and why can’t we make artificial gasoline? | [
"We can and do make artificial gasoline. For example it can be made from coal. But you have to start with some sort of fuel: a hydrocarbon molecule that will give off heat when it combines with oxygen (which we call burning)."
] | [
"What exactly do you suppose should power these machines? Maybe we can power them by burning oil? The most efficient machines to take CO² out of the atmosphere are plants and they work on solar energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it painful to move your leg after it goes numb? | [
"I assume you're referring to the pins and needles feeling? Your foot \"falling asleep\" results in pressure being put on different nerves or blood vessels so electrical impulses/nutrients and oxygen can't be sent to the limb. So when you adjust your position and relieve that pressure, the nerves start to function... | [
"Normal, as you sleep with a pillow over it. You're simply cutting off circulation to your arm. So it goes numb. Try sleeping on your back, regardless there shouldn't be any long term damage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why does McDonalds coke taste different than all other Coke? | [
"McDonalds dispensed coke is made from a syrup that mixes with carbonated liquid when you activate the dispenser. Sometimes it tastes really off because they're getting to the end of the container of syrup and it's getting weak."
] | [
"Aside from restaurants that are part of the Yum brands umbrella of companies. In general, Pepsi sells their syrups slightly cheaper than Coke. Since people don't typically pick the restaurant based on the type of soda they serve, there's no reason to serve coke at a restaurant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do boxers get injured more often than Muay Thai/Kickboxers who fought more often? | [
"Boxing has a smaller target zone, so more hits to the same area. Especially the head. Boxing uses big fat gloves to protect your hands so you can hit full force, even when punching the head which would ordinarily break your hand. Without those gloves, they have to hit lighter. They can also hit other areas like le... | [
"Early on in what is now the UFC they had \"No Rules\" fights. Jujitsu practitioners always won, hands down. Nowadays people know it is best to just learn all styles/as many as you can. But if you can only pick one, jujitsu would be it. All fights go to the ground eventually, and jujitsu allows you to take on opp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why can't you drink an object floating in a glass of liquid? | [
"The object is floating in the water. As you tilt the glass to drink, the object continues to float in the liquid (after all, water ~~is heavier than the object, and air is lighter than the object and the water~~ its mass is higher), which means the object will go up as you tilt your glass. This is why it's hard to... | [
"Alcohol changing the density of the liquid in your inner ear."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do some animals/humans stand still when something dangerous is approaching them? | [
"A lot of animals have pretty bad eyesight compared to humans. This means by standing still you can be harder to see. Movement though is easy to see even with poorer eyesight. Cars haven't existed for long enough for there to be a greatly increased change in behaviour............ if it'd be selected for at all. The... | [
"Evolution is really good at tuning creatures to know something is there, because knowing a threat is there is the first step to not dying. Small sounds of breathing, movement, even the air vibrations - your brain puts it all together to build a model of what is out there, and warns you about potential threats (suc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does scratching an itch feel so good, but the same pressure/force on a non-itch site feel painful? | [
"Scratching an itch makes it feel better because the scratches send more signals to the brain than the itch in that particular spot, and the feeling of the scratches distracts your brain from the itch. It doesn't hurt because you're focused on getting rid of the itch. Itching is essentially small amounts of pain si... | [
"> Why does pouring scalding hot water on my eczema make it stop itching? For the same reason that scratching your eczema makes it stop itching, but to a greater extent. The heat is stimulating the nerves in the area of the eczema, which alleviates the itch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why would Snapchat turn down $3 billion dollars in cash from Facebook? | [
"Assuming it was purely a business decision: They're expecting their payout from holding onto it longer, either in direct profits or in a future offer, to be larger."
] | [
"People who can afford to buy and sell sports teams do not rely on short-term profits. Just the feeling of owning a team is typically \"profit\" enough. In addition, keep in mind that the bulk of financial profit comes from selling the team. Edit: I saw your comment pointing out that $2B seems high even for the Cli... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Scotland's national animal the Unicorn? | [
"If you lived in the birthplace of whisky, you'd be \"seeing unicorns\" too.. Hah - in all seriousness, the Unicorn is in mythology the natural enemy of the Lion. Since the Lion was adopted as the emblem of the English Royalty, it was natural that Scotland's emblem would be opposition to that. It is also worth noti... | [
"Not every country does. Many nations use the Eagle as a symbol, but others use Lions, Flowers, or mythical creatures instead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Exactly, *how* are we running out of bandwidth? | [
"Bandwidth is not an unlimited resource Cables and wireless networks have limited data transfer speeds, which apply to DSL customers and ISPs alike (although on very different scales). HOWEVER there is little to no solid evidence that the recent uptick in usage caps/throttling by ISPs has anything to do with tackli... | [
"Actually, ELI5, how the fuck are you relieving ear itches with your tongue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If protons are attracted to electrons and repelled by other protons, what keeps them in the nucleus? | [
"It's one of the fundamental forces called the strong nuclear force. So while their charges repel them, this force is stronger and holds them together. It's very strong but very short ranged."
] | [
"They are just really small elementary particles that are released during certain types of radioactive decays. They have no charge, dont interact with any thing through the strong nuclear force, and are so small their gravity is almost inconsequential. The main reason they go through things is do to the complete la... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the sensation of spice? Sweet and sour are tastes, but what is spice? | [
"Short answer : It's pain. Spice comes from capsaicin stimulating receptors on your tongue. Those receptors perceive it as an irritant, which over time is associated as the taste sensation of spice. People with an insensitivity to pain can't taste spice, and in the same way, people who can't tolerate spice simply f... | [
"It's not that the strength of the experience is 80% smell, rather that out of the number of different flavors, most are smells. The basic tastes we have are salty, sweet, savory/umami, bitter and sour. The rest, like \"vanilla\" or \"flowery\" or \"smokey\" are smells. But the basic tastes can still create very in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are almost all songs played at major league baseball games played by an organ and why do they still do it? | [
"Baseball stadiums were originally built before they had audio systems. So to have music that everyone could hear you needed a loud instrument, and that is what an organ was. Even when they added sound systems it was still higher quality and less expensive to use an organ. It has now been used for so long that it i... | [
"Non-musicians don't give a shit about solos, they just think they're boring because they don't know how difficult it is for the musician to do what they're doing. Back in the day it was all about \"what band has the best guitarist?\" \"What band has the best drummer?\" Now it's all about \"What band has the catch... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How are new elements discovered/created? | [
"They take two smaller atoms and smash them together. If they can do it with just enough force and hit it in just the right way, then the two atoms will overcome the electromagnetic force, and the strong nuclear force will takeover, and bind all the protons and neutrons into a new nucleus. So if you take a titanium... | [
"Context? What is a \"smart meter\", and where is this controversy based out of? Who is involved? Thanks!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is salt added to boiling vegetables? | [
"I'm pretty sure salt is added to boiling vegetables just for flavour rather than for some reason like this. If you boil something it *is* going to lose flavour into the water (you'd be making very weak stock technically) so perhaps it's to improve the flavour a bit to counteract that. That's why I add salt to boil... | [
"How much fat, protein and carbohydrates are there in water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do some webites hide the price until you add it to the cart? | [
"Manufacturers can enforce something called a \"minimum advertised price\" on their products through contracts with retailers. Basically, the retailers have to sign a contract that says they can't advertise the product below a certain price. Manufacturer's do this to ensure that their products sell at a certain pri... | [
"I'm just going to write it iff that you are still new to this online shopping thing. Cart is basically putting an item in the \"I want to buy this\" category. You put multiple items in the cart so that you can check out/pay/apply coupons all in one purchase. If you don't buy it at the time the price is advertised,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When I sleep in the sun, why is my vision blue when I wake up? | [
"It's because you've been looking at red -- or at least your eyes have -- while you've been asleep. If you close your eyes on a sunny day, some sunlight is still getting through the lids, and it's tinted red because that's the color that makes it through. Because your eyes have been flooded with red light while yo... | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is there all this focus on advanced encryption/decryption technology but we still can't decypher some older things like the zodiac cypher? | [
"It's possible that the zodiac cipher is some form of one-time pad cipher, which is mathematically unbreakable. It's a cipher that has its uses, but is usually less practical than modern asymmetrical key ciphers that are still insanely difficult to break but easier to properly implement."
] | [
"Use a decoder ring AKA \"encryption\". If no one else knows what your code is in your ring, and you never send messages that are not coded by your ring, it is less likely that others can read your messages. Nothing is foolproof, but the higher the grade of encryption, the better. ;tldr ssl https ssh scp sftp tor ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do Fighter Jets, packed tightly in a hangar, move without damaging one another? | [
"IIRC from when I was in the Navy, you need 5 people to move an aircraft. 1 to drive, 1 to walk at the nose, 1 at the tail, and 1 on each wing. Here’s a little video of moving an aircraft at night from the flight deck to the hanger deck of an aircraft carrier. _URL_0_"
] | [
"A pothole in an airport Runway would have catastrophic results for a plane that strikes it while Landing. The runways are regularly checked year-round to make sure that there are no obstructions or surface damage that could potentially impact a plane as it takes off or lands"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
When you have to pee, why does the sound of running water make you have to pee more? | [
"Unscientific answer? Pavlov. You associate a stimulus with an action, so when you receive that stimulus, you act. Like you're 5.... Lets say you have a puppy. Every time you give the puppy a treat, you get a chair and pull it over to the cabinet so you can get the treats down from the shelf. When you give the pupp... | [
"When you pee at home, say the word \"waterfall\" three times before you start to pee. When you're out in public, say the words to yourself and you'll find it to be much easier. The key is being consistent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
what's happening to egg whites when they whip from running to fluffy? | [
"Think of whipping up a sink of soapy water. The foam forms because of bubbles of air being trapped by the enhanced surface tension. Egg Whites are just like that but their surface tension is even higher allowing even smaller bubbles to be locked in. If you were to view the results under magnification you would see... | [
"They stick things together. Try making mince meat burger patties without them and they just fall apart. Also the whites are great for lightening mixtures; just beat them up until they're a light foam and fold the result into a cake mix to make more much more air inside the cake. The extreme is meringue which is es... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about food and nutrition:"
} |
Why do we get nauseated when we see others hurl? | [
"It's because humans originated as groups of individuals who often ate together. If someone vomited because of bad food, it was better in the long run for other people to vomit too, just in case they had eaten the same food."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What is an OpenPGP Public Key? | [
"PGP stands for Pretty Good Privacy (it's a very good encryption program, but it's name is a bit of a joke). It's a program to encrypt email messages. OpenPGP is a public standard for being compatible with PGP. GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard) is one of the more common programs that implements the OpenPGP standard. There ar... | [
"We have come full-circle. 1991: \"ELI5: What is the World Wide Web and why should I be using it rather than a BBS/Usenet/etc.?\" 2013: \"ELI5: What is Usenet?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do directors and writers who are known to be bad and universally disliked by almost everyone still get to make movies | [
"M. Night Shyamalan. While certainly an awful director in recent history did have some decent movies in the beginning of his career. So much so that he even won some awards and was considered a rising star at some point. This was of course before \"The Last Airbender\" and the other jokes came out. The reason peop... | [
"Television and film make lots of money and the actors are the only people that the audience associates with the work. It is not uncommon for a tv show to return 100 dollars for every 1 invested. As such there is incredible interest in keeping the show going. Which allows actors to get extremely good salaries. Or A... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do new words, names and things - such as fidget spinners, trunkie, ISIS, get made into sign language? | [
"Very slowly, generally someone will spell it out, and after spelling it a couple times, make a new sign indicating what it is. IE: my deaf friend does a \"fidget spinner\" by holding her thumb and index finger together with one hand and drawing the index finger of her other hand down in front of this. Eventually... | [
"What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When my character in a first-person video game falls from a large height, I get the sensation of falling in real life. | [
"You rely significantly on vision to inform your brain about where you are, and your relationship to your environment (whether you're moving, for example). This is why you may feel the sensation of moving backwards if you're parked next to a large vehicle and it begins to pull away. If it fills your field of view, ... | [
"Falling and rocking are very different feelings. Rocking motions are soothing, even to an adult. It’s repetitive and calming. A person falling will reach terminal velocity within ten seconds. Then they will die whatever they hit. You decide the difference"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does salt cause corrosion on hard surfaces such as concrete? | [
"Salt lowers the freezing point of water and will allow liquid brine to fill tiny cracks in the material. Then as it becomes diluted the freezing temperature rises and the water will freeze, forcing the cracks open. Over time this will break down the surface of the material."
] | [
"From rusting and oxidization. If metal is in contact with the moisture in the air it will rust."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do some internet services make it impossible to actually delete an account? What do they gain by holding on to an empty profile? | [
"Shareholders, advertising money, and all that comes with it. If a website can say \"look at our userbase! It's huge!\" even if it's a lot of unused/dead accounts, it looks better to potential investors and advertisers than actually allowing the number to dwindle. As for legality, no idea. It's not false advertisin... | [
"Two reasons: 1) The self-serving reason, as discussed in the other comment, is that they want you to remain logged it so they can continues to monitor what you do and develop their advertising profile of you. 2) Many users are horrendously bad about remembering passwords or even usernames. If a person gets logged ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does it seem Democrats support higher taxes, but Republicans support lower taxes? | [
"That's a fundamental difference between fiscal left (Democrats) and right (Republicans, Libertarians). Left = bigger government, more regulation, more services, more taxes required. Right = lower taxes, lower regulation, requiring smaller government and fewer services."
] | [
"Two answers: 1) Some People say that if you overtax the rich people will stop investing and working towards becoming more wealthy and that we don't have a revenue problem we have a spending problem. 2) Other people say that rich people are the major contributors in most cases to political candidates and that if yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
[Biology] What happens to our bodies when we "warm up" before working out? | [
"Gets your heart pumping harder and dilates your blood vessels, which gives your muscles a fresh supply of oxygen. This increases their effectiveness, delays lactic acid buildup, makes your muscles more limber, and makes it less likely you will pass out."
] | [
"Because you weren't moving and gripping things (at least not much) while you were asleep. So your muscles are colder and more stiff because of the lack of movement. However once you do start moving, and your muscles warm up, you'll be able to do things normally. This is the same reason as to why your legs or arms ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do I seem to enjoy my music more when it's louder? | [
"Increasing the volume removes the background noise, so the only thing you hear is the music. Nothing to distract your enjoyment and no sounds from your surrounding add to your music."
] | [
"I think it depends on many factors. Some of them might be: The compatibility of the emotion of the music with your mood at the time Your personal liking for that style of music The artists' skill The quality of reproduction, if recorded The feelings of people around you For music to affect you as you describe, unl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
How does film finance work? | [
"Sort of like investing in a start up. Agents and marketers present a desirable package of talent: writer, actors, directors to the studios. Who then secure funding via their own accounts or by getting loans from banks. (Corporate banks run everything) Then, the studio hires a production company or makes the film i... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens if the child of a US president wants to hang out with their friends? | [
"[There won’t be a hand held, a first kiss or a high school dance that the Secret Service won’t attend](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"Because a large part of the population was fed a string of lies about how much better life would be out of the EU."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is it that when you turn on a heater and suck in the air coming out of it, it feels dry? | [
"Hot air has a higher capacity for water. So if you heat up a volume of air the *relative* humidity goes down even though the absolute amount of water stays the same. Therefore the warm air can take up more moisture and that can come from your skin and other tissues, so you feel that it's drying you."
] | [
"Airflow. If you purse your lips like your about to kiss someone and blow air through, it's moving very quickly. As a result, it loses its heat more quickly as well. However, if you just open your mouth and exhale slowly, the warm air from your lungs doesn't cool down as quickly. Therefore it's warmer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:"
} |
Will wearing prescription glasses cause your vision to deteriorate more quickly than without them? | [
"That's what my ophthalmologist told me would happen. And indeed it did deteriorate very quickly after the first pair of glasses. But really, what are your options? Wear glasses and have your eyesight deteriorate and slowly stabilize at a degree of short-sightedness (or long-sightedness, etc.), or not do anything a... | [
"Looking at a computer or phone requires concentration and attention. Your eyes need to focus on small print and details. This can fatigue the muscles in the eyes which makes them ache if you spend extended periods of time doing so. Also, you blink less often when focused which can cause dry eyes as well. And that'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How come cats and dogs don't pet each other? | [
"My cats \"pet\" each other all the time. They are always licking each other. It's not as if they have hands that are suited for petting. While they might only do it to keep each other clean, it sure seems as if they are showing affection sometimes. And when I'm petting them, they'll lick me back, even though I cle... | [
"You might not like the answer. Other animals don't need to wipe because they can reach around and clean themselves with their tongue. They still clean themselves as needed, I'm surprised you haven't seen the dog doing it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When I'm sleepy and go to bed, suddenly I feel awake and unable to go to sleep. | [
"I remember reading something a while back that just as we have sleep cycles, we also have \"sleepiness cycles\". The theory was that every 20-45 mins when it's late your body prepares itself for sleep. The trouble is we take 15-20 mins to get ready for bed and so we miss that cycle. You might find that while wat... | [
"I like being able to walk around in the middle of the night and feel like I'm the only person and I always feel like I'll miss something when I go to sleep but can lay in bed until past noon and not worry about that"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and fatigue:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did the Equal Pay Act fail? | [
"I think you mean the Paycheck Fairness Act. That's the bill in congress now. The Equal Pay Act was passed successfully in 1963. Opponents of the Paycheck Fairness Act point out that the premise behind it (women's mean income of 77% of that of mens) is flawed because it doesn't account for *actually performing the ... | [
"Follow up: What *were* his reasons for siding with the British?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Are welfare services a state responsibility? | [
"I would give 2 reasons: 1) people who are desperate and not provisioned for end up going into a life of crime and banditry. Of course, the alternative is starving to death and they don't have anything to lose now. This is bad for society as a whole. 2) all welfare spent helps grow the economy. Since welfare paymen... | [
"Because it is ultimately about economics, in particular industry regulations, which is fundamentally a political issue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Does the immune system only protect against foreign agents like virus or bacteria, or is it also beneficial to fight diseases such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure etc.? | [
"Yes. You are developing potentially cancerous cells all the time and your immune system is destroying them all the time, too. Cancer cells are your own cells, mutated, and your immune system usually recognizes them as diseased and kills them off. Developing cancer can sometimes be worsened by a weakened immune sys... | [
"> Consequences are most of the diseases and conditions associated with a Western diet, which include gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, depression, autism, infertility, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. That seems sketchy, just reading the abstract..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are human babies so much louder and attention grabbing compared to other animals? You would think it would be a bad survival trait for the young of any species to have. | [
"I have raised baby birds. They \"cry\" a lot like human babies, and will beg and mob their parents for food. In this case, it's advantageous because the best beggars get the most food. I'd honestly rate baby bird crying as worse than human."
] | [
"Neoteny! These are features like large eyes, that classic button nose, and an overall smaller stature. Why are neotenous features cute? Because we need a reason to protect things. Babies need that protection as they can't defend or feed themselves for a long time so we evolved to think small things are cute and ha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do lawyers cost so much money? | [
"They are in high demand because what they do is a matter of life and death. They typically have more than one person on payroll besides themselves...office staff, paralegals, etc. So you're not just paying for one person to pay your bills. Lab testing and expert testimony cost money. So you may have four or five d... | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the basic unit in angular measurement the right angle? | [
"The \"basic unit\" in angular measurement is either the degree or the radian. It is not \"the right angle.\" A right angle is just an angle that has certain special properties (or conveys special properties on shapes that contain it)."
] | [
"Pi the number is the circumference of half a circle in relation to the radius."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about mathematics:"
} |
What is that we see as happiness/love/desire/sadness/depression in someone else’s eyes? Has then something physically changed in person’s eyeballs or how are those feelings manifested that make us to perceive them so effortlessly? | [
"It's the combination of eyelids, cheeks, and eyebrows. Those three areas of the face are all very close together, and very slight differences in angle and tension can communicate a wealth of information about what the person is thinking/feeling. Cycle through a few emotions and feel how your eyelids shift, how you... | [
"In Russian, the word sense and the word emotion are the same, I think it is important in the context. Suppose that your body is a microphone, it allows you to perceive sound, but the soul is a radiowave antenna. The entirety of you is a combination of microphone and the antenna. When you die, only the microphone d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What causes the noise a flame makes when blowing in the wind? | [
"When something burns it isn't actually the solid or liquid that burns. It first off gases or evaporates creating a gas that is flammable. This gas however is too rich to burn immediately it rises and mixes with air until it makes a mix that can burn. If you look at a log for example you will see a very small space... | [
"The candle is surrounded by a pocket of flame that keeps it warm. Since it doesn't have very much mass, it doesn't take very much cold air to cool it down until it's too cold to burn. Shaking the match pushes this hot air away and replaces it with cold air. It's the same thing that happens when you blow on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it harder for women to lose weight than it is men. | [
"Men have a higher basal metabolism, we're taller and have more muscles. In addition men look like they're gaining and losing weight faster since most of our fat is on the belly while women have it spread out on some plump and nice places as well."
] | [
"Asian men are far less attractive to White women than Asian women are to White men."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it require more energy to not care what people think vs caring? | [
"This one really depends on what kind of person you are in the first place. For example, I find it much more draining to care what people think than I do to just ignore them. It's likely that you're just an empathetic person, meaning you are prone to caring about others and about other's perceptions of you. There r... | [
"LPT: If you are in a group of people and one of them annoys you but doesn't seem to annoy anyone else...it is more about you than about them. Take it as an opportunity to understand yourself better rather than just be pissed off at them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
a Library in computer terms | [
"Libraries are various pieces of code someone else has already written. They leave an API to allow others to interface with that code. This allows programmers to focus on their task so they don't have to re-implement the same algorithms someone else has made over and over. Also, it allows access to parts of code th... | [
"See this post: _URL_0_ It has a definition for basically every type of road."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why the turn signals of 2 cars will always sync at one point. | [
"Those metronomes are on a shifting table, that's why they sync up. For cars, I can give you math to show why they might sync up, and why they may never sync up. For simplicity, say car A blinks every 2s, and car B blinks every 3s. 2 * 3 = 6, so they will converge at 6s. Now cars blink in the decimal places, but yo... | [
"Because it get close to the center and at a certain angle a connection closes to start that action."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is symmetry so prevalent in nature and animals etc? | [
"Why store two completely separate sets of instructions when you can just build the same body part backwards? For complex animals it also helps with balance and locomotion by keeping their center of mass actually centered."
] | [
"There are a lot of theories on this and some one with a better back ground can give you a more in depth answer. But basically, humans are pattern-seeking animals. Our ability to find patterns has helped us survive and grow as a species. So we like finding patterns in music, art, fashion. Most things really."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Why are carbonated drinks so satisfying, especially when you are really thirsty? | [
"I used to buy simple carbonated water by the case. Then I bought a seltzer bottle (the kind that takes little CO2 cartridges). Now I have a Soda Stream. I adore carbonated water. Really cold carbonated water satisfies my thirst like nothing else. I think it's because the bubbles sort of 'sting' the back of my pala... | [
"Hunger and thirst share some pathways. Leads to the pro dieting tip - if you are on a diet and think you are hungry drink a glass of water first. If you still feel hungry then you are actually hungry. The reverse applies here - if you have a full stomach and try to drink, your body will be more resistant than if y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Food and Beverage:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Food and Beverage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
How time travel could possibly work? | [
"When you get closer to the speed of light time passes faster for you but for everybody not traveling that fast it would not. You could go on a journey 1 lightyear away at the speed of light and come back to find it nothing like you had left it."
] | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do modern soldiers never have armor over their faces? | [
"Mobility and vision is more important. Armor reduces both."
] | [
"I like most of the answers below, especially m4nu, but there's one big thing no one's mentioning: Armor. As technology progressed, muskets made armor utterly useless. Then, when hand to hand combat did occur, there was no need for a sword so heavy it would break a man's ribs through iron, just something to stab hi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are planets/moons/stars perfectly round? | [
"Quite simply: gravity. Once you get above a certain size, gravity is strong enough that it will even deform an object into a sphere, which minimizes the gravitational potential energy on the object (everything is as close to the center as it can be). It isn't perfectly round though. Mountains an valleys produce (... | [
"Yes they have equatorial budges, in fact Saturn has the biggest one, so much so that it's visible. The planet appears a bit oval shaped. Even stars have them. Some fast spinning stars can appear clearly oval shaped."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is the CDC not allowed to research gun control/gun violence? | [
"They say it's because they believe that CDC should be limited to studying diseases and gun violence isn't a disease. However, they also believe that the results of the study will be used to support more stringent gun control laws, which is probably closer to the real reason."
] | [
"Guns don't kill people, people kill people. We have more guns per person in Canada but a tiny fraction of gun-related crime. Americans get really mad about any restriction on their guns and no politician wants to ruin their voter base by restricting or removing an American's right to guns. The US's violent crime... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are stuffed animals so comforting, especially for children? | [
"Children are inherently social, so they will instinctively seek out things with facial features: eyes, ears, mouths, noses. The feeling of not being alone is calming, especially for infants and toddlers. Fuzzy and furry things are warm, which also provides a sense of comfort and being in a group. Cuddle up with y... | [
"We like to show affection by making physical contact. So, as soon as we started being affectionate towards animals. We don't just pat any ol' animal, it's really just the animals we like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What are ultraviolet photographs? How do they "convert" the ultraviolet to seeable wavelengths? | [
"Ultraviolet photographs are photographs that have recorded only ultraviolet light. As for how ultraviolet is 'converted' so we can see it, it doesn't really work like that. Photography works by using a chemical (or digital sensor) that reacts when light hits it. For example, black and white film photography works ... | [
"Night vision goggles? They pick up infrared and convert it to visible light."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are Sitcoms that are taped in front of a live audience taped? How long does it take? | [
"It will vary from show to show, so I will stick to answering specifically for Seinfeld. It was generally filmed in chronological order, but anything filmed off site was filmed in advance and shown to the audience on screens to get the 'laugh track'. Although if they didn't like the audience laugh they would still ... | [
"They encourage laughter, and they do work, even on you. You only really notice them if the show isn't funny. Reddit constantly complains about the laugh tracks in the Big Bang Theory, a show Reddit generally dislikes, but I have never once heard someone complain about the laugh tracks on How I Met Your Mother, a s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why doesn't someone start a blood factory? Instead of blood donation, blood jobs! | [
"\"Seriously...Then MILK farms. HUMAN milk.\" I lost it when I read that. This awesome. Please tell me you are high, or this is a stoner thought. Your username tells me yes."
] | [
"Hi, phlebotomist at a blood bank. Our unused blood can be used for research and study at local hospitals and colleges. The excess beyond that that goes unused is medical waste. Please donate off and on every other year. If just ten more of the people that could donate did this, there would be absolutely no blood s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does depression cause loss of appetite in some, while being blamed for overeating in others? | [
"There isn't just one chemical or even just one set of chemicals that causes depression. If there were, depression would be very easy to treat. Every depression is different, because it's just a symptom of various things going wrong in a person's brain."
] | [
"The anxiety is the root cause - you are anxious about something related to your romantic misadventures because the person you love seems much more important than anything you can think about. Anxiety leads you to make unhealthy decisions during the day, which makes it harder to fall asleep at night, permitting you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do I need to drink water more often than eat food? | [
"We use water for all sorts of things in our body, food is pretty simple, broken down and used or stored. food can be stored in different forms, water cannot be stored as easily. so we have to replenish more often because we cant store it as easily."
] | [
"You can only hold so much water at a time. The rest you will pee out as waste. So yes, it is different to drink 1.5 liters of water at once than it is to drink that amount through out the day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How Does A Person "Just" Die? | [
"There will always be a more immediate cause than \"just\" dying, it's just that it's not always necessary or desirable to go in to the details. Sudden deaths tend to be failures of the circulatory system, such as heart failure or stroke, and it's possible to go in to more detail in each case e.g. a heart failure c... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Do we need energy to hear, or smell? Or is it just a physical reaction? If not, could we be so exhausted that we can't hear? | [
"Sound waves are turned into pressure waves in the inner ear mechanically. The fluid waves in the inner ear move little \"hairs\" mechanically. Cells sense that motion and generate electrical impulses, that takes energy from food. The electrical impulses trigger neurons in the brain, all powered by food. Neurons ar... | [
"Everything you feel is just your brains interpretation of the signals the body is sending it. The brain is still capable of interpreting feeling even if no singles are actually coming to it. So yes in theory your brain can make you feel anything, although how to make that happen is beyond our understanding at this... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How is colour added to photos dating from before the time of coloured photos? | [
"Very talented Photoshop users. There is no color in black and white, so you have to add it yourself."
] | [
"The process of colorizing old footage is very tedious. Unless the color footage already exists the animators have to color each frame of video. A second of video contains approximately 23 frames. When the movie needs to be colored, all of the frames of the movie are extracted. Each frame of the movie is then color... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When someone has extreme sleep deprivation, why do they get hallucinations? | [
"By normal function of your cells, your body will accumulate waste products and chemicals which disrupt normal bodily functions. Your body has evolved hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of chemical reactions to deal with these waste products. Some of them are seriously complicated, involving multiple sequentia... | [
"There is a huge list of things that can cause someone to suffer hallucinations (which is what this sounds like). In terms of mental illnesses, you might be thinking of Schizophrenia, the symptoms of which often include hallucinations, delusions and so on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The Losing Door in the Monty Hall Problem | [
"It took me forever to get it, but this helped me a lot: Imagine it's not three doors, but 3000. Now what are the chances for you to choose the correct door? Slim, I'd say. The winning door is far more likely to be one of the other 2999 doors. So if then 2998 goats are eliminated, the remaining doof which you didn'... | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Education:"
} |
What's counter torque and why is it needed to make a helicopter fly? | [
"A helicopter flies by using an engine to spin a primary rotor, but that rotor has inertia so when trying to spin it there is a force pushing back that tries to spin the helicopter body too. Counter torque is provided by the tail rotor and ensures that only the main rotor rotates around the shaft and the body of th... | [
"Gear Ratios and safety. Reverse Gear in cars is usually very low, allowing you to move the vehicle with relatively low engine revs. That restricts how fast you can travel. Think of it like a bicycle: When you have it in the gear that makes it easiest to turn the pedals, you can't ride very fast. You get to a point... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does salt water help heal wounds? | [
"**It acts as a mild antibacterial (bacteriostat), allowing your body to focus on repair rather than disinfection.** Cells, including bacteria, cannot manually control their hydration, they depend on the diffusion of water through their membranes (osmosis). The high salt concentration in the salt water draws out wa... | [
"To kill the bacteria on your skin and prevent infection from the little nicks you may get. It also eases razor burn."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why can't Solar Panels be at a 0° (Parallel to the ground) Instead of at an Angle? | [
"The sun is never directly overhead north or south of the tropics, so it'll be less efficient. Panels in North America and Europe should tilt south to get the best exposure angle. There's also the issue of dirt and debris collecting on a flat surface."
] | [
"You can still refer to directions. North and South aren't really a thing, in space. In general all space navigation is done in terms of orbit shapes. So they might describe the orbit as how high it is at it's furthest point, how low it is at it's closest point and what angle it is orbiting. So if you want to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Physics:"
} |
How can loans from small credit unions have much lower interest rates than loans from large international banks? | [
"Credit unions typically don't make a large profit and, for several reasons, they typically have lower operating costs/payroll. Because of this, they can give out lower rates and make less money."
] | [
"Invest it in order to make money themselves. In return they give us interest on the money we store in them, and provide services like loans in the form of mortages and credit cards."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
how is hacking into driverless cars going to be prevented? | [
"The easiest way to prevent hacking is to secure any access point into the car's information systems. There's three channels through which you could try and hack it - communicate to it wirelessly, communicate to it on a wired connection like a USB port, or physically install or change some components. If your car ... | [
"they still have to worry about getting a virus but they do not need to worry as much because it is not the most common operating system so people are not as motivated to make viruses that are compatible with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are roses so expensive. | [
"The same reason diamonds are: perceived significance or value. Diamonds aren't actually worth much; they're just supercompressed carbon that happens to occur naturally under certain circumstances. People just think they're rare and valuable when they're natural, and cheap when they're man-made, despite being struc... | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do we still use USB and not fibre optic for file transfer. My Soundbar uses fibre optic, so it can't be a cost issue. | [
"You wouldn't gain anything. USB 3.0 can transfer data faster than a hard drive can read and write it. Fiber is used when pure speed is needed, but that's usually on big servers in data centers. The average home user has no need for it."
] | [
"They are going that way, USB type C will probably be the new standard. Not just for power but for basically every type of connection. Itll take some time but its transitioning that way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do all those one-way-rental trucks (U-Haul etc) get back to where they came from? | [
"In NZ we get a lot of tourists driving campers from Auckland and flying out of Christchurch. They pay people to drive them back. They generally get paid to drive to Picton and board them on a boat then get bussed back (get about $70 for it). They are picked up in Wellington by another mob who drive them to Aucklan... | [
"Yes, it happens just like you expect. Companies like U-haul and RV rental companies, etc. have programs to mitigate this - car transport, or RV companies will buy 1-way plane tickets for drivers to move their RVs for them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is the difference between [i.e. Their roles and responsibilities] (in countries that have both) a president and prime minister? | [
"The Prime Minister runs the country. The President is a more ceremonial role. This is grossly oversimplified, and it may vary from country to country, but in general that sums it up."
] | [
"Because the American governmental system consists of three branches, Executive (President), Legislative (Congress) and Judicial (Supreme Court). Each entity is separate, yet linked. I'm assuming that you're not an American and that your assumption is based off of an understanding of British-style parliamentary sys... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
if the NSA can reach 75% of the internet, then what about the deep web and the crimes that go on there? | [
"First: The NSA may see that someone is asking for (for example) child pornography but they don't see *who* is asking. For example because they use TOR. Second: The amount of data the NSA has is so big, that it's simply not worth to investigate every single small crime. They probably only look for terrorism and may... | [
"it's because literally every website that isn't normally accessible is in the dark web. This includes someone's google drive, anyone's facebook dashboard, etc. There's a lot more private pages needed than there are public ones."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does pain "pulse"? What causes an injury or headache (for example) to throb? | [
"Not a biologist, but a mathematician here, I have modeled neurons in the past. Neurons are coupled to their neighbors, so they tend to slip into synchrony, like two pendula (see below video). When many of these are coupled, the system doesn't totally synchronize (there are always a few pendula that are oddballs, o... | [
"A migraine is a very specific type of headache, often identified by the symptoms \"POUND\"; P: Pulsating O: onset of several hours U : unilateral N: nausea D: debilitating Many people get extremely sensitive to lights and sounds and need to stay in dark rooms until the migraine goes away. Some people get changes i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
; How do television channels work in the UK? How does everyone with a TV paying a fee work? | [
"They can't, obviously. Some decades ago, they claimed to have \"TV detector vans\" which would patrol the streets and could detect if a TV was switched on in any home, but that was just a ruse to scare people into paying up. However, they do know which properties have valid TV licences and which don't. If you sudd... | [
"Because they are all part of the same funding pool. The obviously don't know what station you are watching at any given time, so there is no way to make that distinction, or somehow split profits based on what percentage you watch one over the other. > Are there any other situations that occur where you have to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Please explain what happens with a fly in a car when it crashes. (When the fly is flying inside the car) | [
"I think fly won't experience any G-force because there is no contact between fly and the car.( I may be wrong)"
] | [
"The air contained inside the train moves at the same speed as the train , the flies frame of reference is zero movement. As long as the train stays sealed the fly can fly within it like any other fly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If I were lost in space on a space shuttle, how would I age? Would I live longer or shorter than I would have normally? What is the effect of gravity compared to the effect of just being alive longer? | [
"Without gravity at all, you would certainly have a shorter life span, if only because the deterioration your body would undergo. Without gravity you lose muscle tone, your bones would become brittle, the fluids in your body wouldn't pool in your lower extremities like normal. Not to mention experiencing the full f... | [
"Low gravity causes problems with our bodies since they were built around an environment where there are certain pressures places on our body from living on Earth. Since he is in space with none of these pressures (namely gravity) his body becomes weaker, his blood flow is effected, pressure on the eyes is effected... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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