query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why are defendants who are found guilty (and didn't plea guilty) not also charged with perjury? | [
"It's because they are not asked if they are guilty or not, they are asked what their plea is. It's the difference between, 'Did you do this thing?' 'No.' And, 'You are accused of this thing, do you admit to it?' 'No.'"
] | [
"A conditional discharge is a type of plea deal. Essentially, you admit that you committed the crime in question and, in exchange, the judge agrees that if you fulfill certain conditions (typically completing a rehabilitation or therapy program) then the charges will be dismissed. If you don't fulfill the condition... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a split-brain work when the corpus callosum connecting the two brain halves has been removed? | [
"While the corpus callosum itself has been severed, both sides of the brain still have their connections to the rest of the body. As a result, activities originating in one side of the brain but not the other can't really interact, as demonstrated in [Sperry's experiments](_URL_0_), but those activities can still b... | [
"Think you may need to rephrase the question. There are specific areas of the brain responsible for specific functions. Also if you destroy half the brain at once there is no time to adapt. With slow or progressive damage, the brain has a limited ability to adapt by forging new pathways. There would be a difference... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
What do 'Space Coordinates' look like? When NASA points a rocket at Jupiter and punches (trajectory solution) into a computer, what are they actually inputting? | [
"JPL has a [great web page on this subject](_URL_0_ ). > Spacecraft navigation comprises three main aspects: (1) Designing a reference trajectory which describes the planned flight path of the spacecraft; this is the task of mission design. (2) Keeping track of the actual spacecraft position while the mission is i... | [
"> It’s not like they can just point the rocket at the moon and blast off. You're right. They know how big Earth is and how fast it's moving, and they know the same about the moon. All that's left is to figure out where each will be at a certain time to get the payload (lander, shuttle, or whatever) from Earth to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does water expand when it freezes. | [
"Water molecules (H2O) are made of an oxygen atom between two hydrogen atoms. They aren't lined up straight; they're bent at an angle, like a noodle of macaroni. When water freezes into solid ice, these macaroni shapes arrange themselves into hexagons, as shown in [this image](_URL_0_). The empty space in the middl... | [
"All drinks will explode in the freezer if there isn't enough room for the water in them to expand when it turns to ice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
purchasing power parity (GDP)? | [
"Say you live in the US. You make $100,000 a year. Now say you live in China, but you make $50,000 a year. You could say that the person living in the US is twice as rich as the Chinese person in absolute terms. But consider that lunch (a sandwich) costs $10 in the USA. It costs $1 in China. So an American can buy ... | [
"Cultural differences, and also [Sky pie vs. sky cake.](_URL_0_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it that when I Google image search "flag of Spain", many different flags come up? | [
"Spain has had many different flags in the recent past. It had a different one shortly after Franco's death, a few different ones under Franco, a different one before Franco, etc."
] | [
"For the same reason that when you google \"naked girls,\" only incredibly sexy women show up"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do surgeons make incisions without cutting nerves? | [
"They study for years to make sure they know where the major nerves are. Some minor nerves do get cut - and to some extent they can regenerate, though slowly. The one cut when I had surgery under my jaw took 20 years or so to reconnect!"
] | [
"It's generally the healing process that hurts It takes longer to heal than the amount of time that the anaesthesia covers. Also, certain operations cannot fully be anaesthetised for. Taking out an abscessed tooth for example"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do music streaming services pay artists? How much are artists paid? What is payment based on (number of plays, etc)? | [
"They know what people are playing and they compile costs based on play count and cut checks to the labels on a pre-determined basis. Sometimes rates are different based on quantity and such. It all differs, but most services pay standard rates that are set by law. Sometimes companies pay different rates depending ... | [
"The billboard charts are less about sales and more about listening. They use to be based on radio, but have expanded to include online listening like Youtube, Pandora, and the like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why water feels like cement after jumping from a really high height. | [
"It takes a great deal of force to compress water. When you jump into the water, mostly it's getting out of your way rather than compressing. If you're moving too fast, then the water molecules can't move fast enough to get out of your way, and they won't compress. You hit a bunch of molecules that don't move, so i... | [
"If sideways water pressure was a thing, you would be in trouble if you took a swim in the ocean."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it socially unacceptable or frowned upon to drink/eat soup out of a straw, yet using one to drink a beverage is fine? | [
"Soups are chunky bro. [At least man soups are.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"From what I'm aware of, straws were invented in order to avoid the residue at the bottom. They were first invented to drink beer (by the Sumerians I believe) - and used so that the consumer would not end up drinking the byproducts as well (which would accumulate at the bottom). The more modern straw was invented b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The economics of running a cemetery. | [
"If they are smart they take a portion of each plot sale and put it in an investment account. So if you pay $100 for your plot I take $10 profit right away and put $90 in an account. That account earns me interest, say 5% so every year I get $4.50 interest from that account. Hopefully it costs less then $4.50 to ma... | [
"How they make a living? Working in restaurants"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do some sports games and programs start at random times like 8:49? | [
"I'm not entirely sure, but with sports, I wouldn't be surprised if the reason is so broadcasters can do pre-game previews and stuff before the game starts."
] | [
"I, assume, you aren't American? There are several time zones in this country. That means a show comes on at 8 EST and 7CST"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are the bodies left on Mt. Everest and are not returned to the families? | [
"Summiting Everest requires a great deal of money, and it's quite treacherous. Every corpse you see on Everest is someone who died on the way to the summit or on the way back. It's hard enough to do it carrying all of the gear (oxygen bottles, tent gear, clothing, food, climbing gear, so on) that they have to carry... | [
"The reason they want to go there is *because* it is dangerous and difficult and life threatening. They aren't going up there for the view and to get a tan. Regardless, standing at that altitude has seriously life threatening effects. Climbers need to acclimate for weeks to be able to survive it. Making it eas... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is force defined as mass x acceleration instead of mass x velocity? | [
"> If an object is moving at a fixed rate of speed (velocity = x), the acceleration would be 0, yet it would still have force. But an object moving at a fixed speed doesn't have any forces acting upon it (or more correctly, all forces acting on it cancel out). Why do you want to redefine physical units?"
] | [
"> In something like a car crash, why does increasing the amount of time it takes a person to come to a stop reduce the force they experience? Because force is defined as mass multiplied by acceleration, and acceleration is defined as distance divided by time squared. Or, to put that in equation form: f = m*a a = d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do countries have different names for one another instead of using that country's local name (or something close to it) for itself? | [
"Have you seen the top post at /r/mapporn? It's about all the different names of Germany. Countries are named in different times and from different point of views. Before Deutschland was named Deutschland there were already a whole lot of names for that region. Germany after Germania, Saksa after the Germanic tribe... | [
"Quite often a word will be used that literally describes the object, or what the object does, this could be for convenience as sometimes the inventing country's word might be difficult to pronounce. In a few countries it is common to adopt the inventing country's word though. In fact inventing a new word might be ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Military naming conventions, especially M-designations. | [
"Ok. M seems to be model. Examples are m-4 and m-1911 a 1. Usually for weapons. F is fighter. Like f-16 and f-111. A is attack so air to ground. A-10 and a-5. C is transport so c-130 or c-5. It does have its logic in there."
] | [
"HMS - His/Her majesty's ship - British Royal Navy USS - United states Ship - US Navy SS - Steam Ship - not necessarily powered by steam, designation for Us merchant ships Each country has their own traditional ship designations. NATO also has designations for Navy ships from all nations"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
. How does your body make you sleep so much when you are ill? | [
"Your wanting to sleep is regulated by a chemical in your brain. When your brain feels it's better off sleeping to deal with an illness, it makes more of the chemical. So you sleep more."
] | [
"Do you mean...*why does getting ready to sleep feel good when we're tired?*"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:"
} |
How a digital gyroscope works | [
"These devices usually have microscopic vibrating structures inside a silicon chip, like tiny tuning forks. They tend to keep vibrating in the same direction in space even as the quadcopter turns. So if the electronics set one vibrating say, from front-to-back of the quadcopter but they start to detect vibration fr... | [
"Using the data from everyone who has a smartphone turned on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
The difference between current, amperage, and voltage | [
"[Never seen it put better and simpler than this. ](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"A little anecdote, when I started my college education in electrical engineering I took this intro class that's meant to give everyone some base knowledge of electricity. I found out that everyone uses the same analogy and it's applicable to a lot of electrical concepts. Everyone seems to understand how water in a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is "it's" so commonly grammatically misused over other function words like "your vs. you're" or "a vs. an"? | [
"People get confused because the 's declares ownership as that is what we have been taught. So when some people see its ability, they process it as it having the ownership of the ability hence using the apostrophe and writing it's ability."
] | [
"For to/too, I say that if you're talking about someone doing a similar thing, it's too, and if you're talking about a destination/journey it's to. e.g. 'I'm going to the shops.' 'Me too.' For effect/affect, I use RAVEN (Remember, affect verb, effect noun). For who/whom, if you can replace it with 'he' or 'she' it'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the benefits of salt grinders? | [
"Aesthetics. It allows the salt and pepper grinder to match more closely since they now have similar mechanisms in them. Also, to some extent, you can choose grind size as others have mentioned, but that relies on the grinder actually having a grind selector. But it's more reliable to simply buy salt with the desir... | [
"It isn't just water, there are trace minerals added to affect taste."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Science:"
} |
Why do I feel like a bug or something is on me after I see a bug on me? | [
"Because you are paranoid of having a bug on you, your mind becomes more focused on the skin. It is a mind thing, because you think their are bugs on you, you will feel bugs on you."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do people find seemingly impossible Easter eggs in games? | [
"They sometimes find them by accident, but in most cases they look at the code that makes the game work and find something in the code that makes no sense. For example... Let's say that you are looking at a code for a shooting game. You are looking at the names of the guns and you say \"BFG\" in the names, but have... | [
"Because people are willing to pay money for it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why do some foods like apples cause me to get hungrier? | [
"The sugar in an apple causes a spike in blood sugar level and insulin. When the subsequent crash takes place, your body tells itself it is hungry in an attempt to normalize the blood sugar level again. Vicious cycle."
] | [
"I'm not a doctor but indigestion is abdominal pain, heartburn, and difficultly in digesting food. Can be caused by disease ulcers, gastrointestinal issues, you could be allergic to something you are consuming. I get heart burn from constantly consuming a high carbohydrate diet, but once I cut them out my symptoms ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are Imaginary Numbers, exactly? | [
"A Visual, Intuitive Guide to Imaginary Numbers: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can children watch the same movie (or any other content) over many times without getting bored? | [
"Uh... Children? I've seen \"How to Train Your Dragon\" at least a dozen times, and I'm 59 and live alone."
] | [
"This is not the answer you are looking for but it may be as simple as being able to predict the pattern of song and therefore no longer be as interesting because there are no surprises. Same thing occurs when you watch the same movie over and over."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How did people before the invention of toothpaste keep proper oral hygiene, if at all? | [
"Many people used the split end of a twig as a toothbrush. Still used in many parts of world as seen in this video. _URL_0_ Apart from this, may other powders made from ox hooves, burnt egg shells, husk of rice etc were used. _URL_1_"
] | [
"Because both things (good teeth and good skin) don't just occur naturally - they require you to take care of yourself, have a healthy diet, etc, etc Generally if you take care of your skin, you'll also be the sort of person who takes care of your teeth. And conversely if you don't take care of your skin you're pro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why is it ok to dig up human remains buried long ago, but not ok/acceptable to dig up more recent generations human remains? | [
"Because most people would be concerned if their mother was dug up and moved without very good reason, but wouldn't even know where their great-great-great-great grandmother was buried - or even who she was."
] | [
"> I was told multiple times throughout my HS career that when a society buries its dead, that the society believed in an afterlife and was religious. HS education isn't that great, just ignore that part of it. Burying dead is a good way to get rid of smelly corpses that attract vermin and are vectors for disease."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Anthropology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Anthropology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
photographic memory. | [
"From what I understand; it's a fallacy. You can have an exceptional memory, but the proof of a truly photographic memory is proving elusive."
] | [
"There is its called florescent lighting. Edit: typo"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why does the box say to make the oven hotter if I want a softer crust on my frozen pizza? | [
"This is why you should read cooking instructions carefully. For the soft crust, the instructions will tell you to place it on a cookie sheet, thus avoiding direct heat. Usually, they either tell you to use a hotter temperature or just an increased cooking duration, your brand choose the former."
] | [
"You put it on a baking sheet for a softer crust. Directly on the rack for crispy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we have a preference as to what side we sleep on? | [
"We are not symmetric. The heart, stomach, and the other intestines get different working conditions. Liquids and gases will be on the respective other side (where the entrance or exit of that organ is or is not). Pumping from above or from below is different for the heart. Some organs might have to work uphill."
] | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
anyone know how to calculate how much force a car exerts on a human body when hitting a running pedestrian? | [
"Yes. we need more info, though. We need speed of pedestrian, Speed of car. Mass of pedestrian, Mass of car. Assuming its a horizontal collision perpendicular to gravity."
] | [
"If both cars are a similar mass, then they will both stop. Both cars will have a speed change of 50 MPH. The change in speed is what causes the forces in a crash, so coming to a stop by hitting a wall, and coming to a stop by hitting a car are the same. If a 50 mph car hits a 50mph 18wheeler, the car won't stop. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do spaces turn into %20 when typing websites into the browser address bar? | [
"URLs are not allowed to contain spaces. Trust me - it makes life a million times easier for programmers. If you want to access a resource that has spaces in it's proper name (like a file named \"why did you use spaces.doc\") you need to use an *escape sequence* to put it in there. The standard used for escaping ch... | [
"I don't know why. My computer at work also does. But if you can see the link when you open the imgur link, then copy it and paste it into a new tab. That works on mine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are models of our solar system always shown with the planets rotating the sun in a 2D plane? | [
"For the most part they do rotate in an almost 2D plane. I think Uranus's orbit is slightly skewed from the rest of the planets, but for the most part it's the most stable orientation. It's kind of like how Saturn's rings are all settled in a single plane as they orbit around the planet, due to the gravity of the d... | [
"The earth rotates in a plane around the sun. The rotation of the Earth along its axis doesn't match this plane. Therefore the Earth is tilted on its axis. Yes, you could change the orientation of how you are looking at Earth such that it was rotating in a way that looked non-tilted. But then the Earth's orbit ar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What happens in your body when you instantly sober up after witnessing something traumatic if all the alcohol is still there? | [
"It’s all about the adrenaline. You’re not actually sober but adrenaline causes you to be more alert and have extra energy giving you the sense of being sober."
] | [
"Alcohol is a depressant to your nervous system so it dulls all your senses. Similar to if you bump into something while drunk, you don’t feel it until the next day, or why your vision gets blurry while drinking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
What makes a person's voice sound so weak and "shaky" when they're old? | [
"As you grow older the organs in your body become less efficient and it compromises their performance. The same holds true for your vocal chords. You can see this in singers as they get older. Their voices mature and start deteriorating past a certain point. Cigarettes and alcohol also speed up this decline (Brian ... | [
"Whispering is unvocalized. The difference between speech and whispers is that your vocal cords are not used in whispers. That's what is sore and unusable when you're hoarse."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are the effects and graphics in animations (Avengers, Matrix, Tangled etc) are expensive? Is it the software, effort, materials or talent fees of the graphic artists? | [
"It's all of those things, and more. Professional rendering software is expensive, and they need licences for everyone working on the project. There will be a team of graphic artists working on it. For the really exceptional places like Pixar and Disney, they are well ~~payed~~paid. It takes time to create, animate... | [
"Our whole lives are digital now, and programmers made it all happen. Thus, programmers are in high demand. Not to mention, programming isn't easy and takes a lot of time, study, skill, practice, and intelligence. This makes the demand even higher. Programmers can make some big money, so companies have to pay compe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
I just turned 40 so I'm technically an internet grandpa. Someone please explain to me hashtags. I see them everywhere, TV, news stories, social media. What is the point of them? | [
"You're probably aware that the most basic language for writing a website is called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). There has been a function in HTML forever called \"named anchors,\" where you could link to somewhere halfway down a page. As an example, if I link you to the start of Section 2 of a Wikipedia arti... | [
"I don't know where it originated, but I've seen it since the 90's, Back in chat rooms and instant messaging. I didn't see it in text message until long after. So I at least know it may have originated there and not via text messaging. Hopefully someone with more knowledge can elaborate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If rain is a result of the water cycle, why do we have more rain in the autumn and winter when evaporation is presumably lower? | [
"First: This is not true for a lot of places ([New York for example has the most rain in the summer](_URL_0_)) Second: For it to rain you do need water in the air - but you also need that water to condensate. There are certain things that will make it more likely to rain, that means favour condensation of water vap... | [
"The air is drier after it snows, because most of the atmospheric moisture has precipitated out as snow. That may be the difference you feel. Also, cold air cannot hold as much moisture as warm air. That's why it's generally drier during the winter than the summer, if you live in a temperate zone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does scanning take so long if photocopying or taking a photo of something is so quick? | [
"Because you have a cheap scanner. Cheap scanners are slow. Expensive high end scanners are very fast."
] | [
"Because the majority of the work is involved in *creating* the image, not displaying it. It's easy to view a painting, or even copy one. It's hard to paint it in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are stores and restaurants on the east and west coasts of the US so different? | [
"It can be difficult for a store to expand into a new market if already dominated by competitors. For example Wal-Mart is also notably weak in Minnesota, because it's the home of Target who already dominated the department store market. Some chains have a huge following in their home region but haven't expanded lik... | [
"An obvious observation is that Arkansas is not on the East coast; from where on the coast are you starting?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why isn't happy hour one single hour? | [
"Because it is hard to drink enough in one hour to wash the smell and taste of Corporate America off of you."
] | [
"i'm 5 years old and what is this"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do they call it FAPing? | [
"\"Fap\" is internet short hand for masturbation. It is an onomatopoeic reference to the sound of a man masturbating (women is commonly \"schlick\"). Since many of the leaked photos were nudes or otherwise sexual in nature it is assumed they were used for masturbation."
] | [
"No, that's why it's called American Sign Language."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What's preventing world peace? | [
"Lack of education, stupid politics, religions, greed, natural resources. Hard to tell. People are assholes."
] | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the number two pencil number two when it's the most widely used pencil in the world? | [
"The numbers on pencils are to denote how \"hard\" the graphite is. A number 1 pencil would be the softest and would make the darkest mark because more of the graphite would rub off of it when used. A number 4 pencil would be harder and make a lighter mark because less graphite would rub off of it. So, for some thi... | [
"Pencils come in various grades. The H stands for Hard, the harder a pencil it is, the lighter and more faint the marks are, while the B stands for Black, meaning softer, and darker marks. Most of the other grades are useful only for drawing, the only grade being suitable for writing is HB which is in between the s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is there a separate World Chess Championship for women? | [
"to determine who's the female champion of chess"
] | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do people kiss mouth to mouth to express their love to each other, and has this method always been the way (if we don't count sex)? | [
"_URL_0_ This video captures a lot of the reasons why we kiss, though kissing is hypothesized to be a learned behavior rather than an instinctual one. Mainly due to not all human tribes being documented as kissers, wherein it's thought that kissing may have originated from mothers kiss-feeding their babies. Another... | [
"Not scientific in anyway but my thoughts is that as humans we have been conditioned into thinking that sex is private where as animals haven't. Have no clue how to explain what embarrassment is though haha."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Social Sciences:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Social Sciences:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do we regrow flesh, but not bones | [
"We do regrow bone. When a bone breaks, bone cells regrow to bridge the break and heal the bone."
] | [
"Cut your finger tip off and the finger print will not grow back. Obviously there is a layer which will regenerate. We survive because our skin will absorb a lot of punishment and regenerate. But we will not grow a new finger if lost. The regeneration layer has the genes to reproduce your skin complete with the fin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do most public toilet doors open inwards? | [
"Bathrooms can be crowded. Don't want doors flying open and hitting people, or just being in the way in general."
] | [
"Urinals don't require you to fully take your pants down. Using a toilet does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Question about public women's toilets:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Question about public women's toilets:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do robotic arms for amputees move so slowly? How can we make them faster/more responsive? | [
"We could, but the problem isn't the mechanical part, it's controlling the limb. There are a lot of different ways a prosthesis can interface with humans. Most of them are not accurate enough to allow faster/more responsive movements without destroying accuracy. Also, movements that require proprioception/some sort... | [
"The biomechanics for bipedalism are very complex. Humans have numerous tiny muscles that exist solely to provide balance and leverage during walking, running and balancing. Replicating the mechanics of a knee joint can be pretty easy. But if it can’t be replicated, say the extensor mechanism that interacts with th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does facial recognition work? | [
"Forget faces for a second and think about bar codes. A bar code scanner can scan along a line and identify when and where the pattern goes from black to white and vice versa, and derive information (the numerical code) from the bars. Take this and expand it to a facial scanner. A facial scanner will scan a face lo... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we hear/learn so much about The Holocaust, but so little about other large genocides (Armenian, Cambodian, etc)? | [
"Mostly eurocentrism in history classes (and a bit of WWII-centrism, too). The Khmer Rouge and the Armenian genocide are less important to Europe's history and that happens to be where history classes tend to focus."
] | [
"They don't want to be known as the perpetrator of millions of deaths and ethnic cleansing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is the gold standard touted as being real money and fiat currency as fake? | [
"A major difference is who controls the supply. The supply of gold is controlled by factors owned by a wide enough variety of unrelated people and companies that its roughly uncontrollable by any single entity and increases at a roughly predictable rate. This makes it popular among paranoids and small-government pr... | [
"What is the difference between trading gold or paper? Gold was used specifically because it wasn’t useful for much else, rare-ish, and hard to fake. Currency works a proxy for value in a bartering system, allowing for people to trade a good for its value, as opposed to constantly comparing goods to different stand... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does a radio get better reception when I touch it? | [
"Your body is acting as an extension of the antenna."
] | [
"Some kind of electromagnetic interference most likely. Same reason why speakers sometimes start making weird noises when you have the phone right next to them and receive a text message/call."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we have better umbrellas? | [
"What kind of crap umbrellas have you been using?"
] | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Why don't video games load when minimized? | [
"This has to do with how memory is allocated right? Imagine this, you only have two hands (i.e. 2gb of RAM). If one hand is holding a banana and another hand is holding a stuffed animal, the painting behind you won't paint itself."
] | [
"So, I've read a lot of the answers, most of them are saying similar things. Where does it save the vide on your computer? For example, if I have less than a GB of space left on my computer, why can I still watch a several-minute HD video on YouTube without running out of space?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the Illuminati and what is the big deal surrounding them? | [
"The Illuminati, contrary to the current top comment, are not a fictional group of people. Whether they still exist today is debatable, but they were at one point a very real, and semi-secretive group of men (lead by Adam Weishaupt) who formed an order of sorts with the stated intent of bringing \"Illumination\" to... | [
"They are rich, but the wealth has shrunk and divided with each other. No 1 member of the family owns it all anymore. As for the hate they often are tied into the conspiracies like the Rockefellers or other wealthy families from the Industrial Revolution. From Illuminati, New World Order, to Reptilian Aliens, the t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How diarrhea occurs. | [
"The large intestines/colon is the last processing step for food before it gets expelled by the body. It's duty is to recover the remaining water from the digested food that was not absorbed by the small intestines. When you have diarrhea, your large intestines are compromised in some way to stop recovering water s... | [
"A reation to dust, histamines, and other irritants."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do only some plants make tea? | [
"If you want to be proper about it, you can only make \"tea\" from [Camellia sinensis](_URL_0_). All your other 'herbal teas' are called \"tisanes\". You can take pretty much any plant, dry it & cut it up & then soak it in hot/boiling water. If you want, you could try drinking it. The problem is that not all of the... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When an ant bites me, is it because it's constantly biting every surface it walks on, or does it know that it's on a living thing? | [
"Ants bite because they feel intimidated or that the nest is in danger, even if it's not in danger in YOUR mind, the ant doesn't know that you're not a threat, and will bite and sting in defense. The ant does know that you're a living thing, but it doesn't know that you're not a threat."
] | [
"They don't think like humans, that's for certain. The fly isn't aware that it was just hit the last time it landed on your leg. It doesn't even know what a leg is. It lands on a place it's attracted to. So if it keeps coming to your leg, it's attracted to the scent or the sight of it. They don't learn your respons... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the mothers stomach "deflate" back to normal after giving birth? | [
"Simple answer...over a number of weeks it will start to recede, but there is the risk (near 100% probability) of stretch-marks on the stomach where the skin has stretched to accommodate the baby and then is no longer as taut as it once was when it recedes back. Suffice to say that during labour (or at least the l... | [
"If you don't cut the cord then this happens: Child is born with cord leading into mother. Placenta (afterbirth) comes out within an hour or two, and dries out/shrivels off. Belly button closes off like normal. Plus human mothers carry their young, so it's not like they need to be ready to run at a moment's notice ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If someone touched our internal organs, would we be able to feel it like we do our skin? | [
"Not really. They tend to lack the nerves that we use on our skin to feel. For example, brain surgery can be performed on a conscious patient with little anesthesia because the brain doesn't register sensation on itself, if that makes sense. That being said I believe some of our internal organs do register pain, so... | [
"Think about it like this, our body is full of nerve ends that transmit signals from where they are being touched, like if we are holding something hot, they transmit the feeling to our brain which receives the signal, processes it and then sends the information it processed back to its respective area. So when you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Our planet is dominated by salt water, and we humans have not evolved to drink it. Why ? | [
"Evolution is not a guided process. Evolution doesn't think 'god there is a lot of salt water, it would be great to evolve the ability to drink that'. Random mutations just happen and if those happen to pay off (or at least not actively disadvantage the individual) they get passed on. Is it possible that during our... | [
"Whales and dolphins are too massive to live on land, their food and water source is in the ocean, and they have evolved to move about in the ocean. Wales is a place in the United Kingdom. They don't have gills because like other Brits, they live on land."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do so many living rooms not come with overhead lights? Instead you have to have many (floor) lamps around the room and have to turn all of those on rather than just flicking a switch. | [
"> Why do so many living rooms not come with overhead lights? Instead you have to have many (floor) lamps around the room and have to turn all of those on rather than just flicking a switch. First there is a misconception that you can't turn on floor lamps just by flipping a switch on the wall. There is a handy inv... | [
"They've been intentionally wired that way, to allow you to control plugged-in devices by using the light switch. This is useful for devices that you would want to turn on or off frequently. For instance, lamps, so that you can turn off the lights with a light switch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the first drive on the computer 'C:\' and not 'A:\'? | [
"Back in the day, computers had one (sometimes two) floppy disk drives. A: and B: were reserved for them and old habits die hard."
] | [
"Yes. If you are over 35 I would imagine you would have experienced a A:\\ or B:\\ drive. A:\\ was always the default for floppy. If you were really on a sweet machine you had a B:\\ drive (floppy #2). Do not ask for an ELI5 on what a floppy is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What do pharmacists actually do besides moving pills from one bottle to another bottle? | [
"Good pharmacists make sure that patient's meds don't interfere with each other, or with certain foods."
] | [
"The bad taste is intentional in many medications, in order to discourage kids from drinking the medicine accidentally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can needles and vials that have been discarded after medicinal uses (for example, immunizations) be recycled, and if not, why not, and what happens to them? | [
"You wouldn't want to directly reuse them because when you stick them into someone you might contaminate them with whatever diseases or infections the patient has. You might be able to reuse them if you sterilized them first but this usually isn't practical. The cost of a hypodermic needle simply isn't high enough ... | [
"Blood, urine, and feces are placed in biohazard bags or containers. These containers are autoclaved (process of using high pressure saturated steam at 121C degrees for 15-20 minutes or longer depending on rules). The biohazard bags or containers are then considered sterilized. Then, the waste is usually shredded a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is the difference between real time notifications and push notifications? | [
"with real time notifications, the device constantly checks the server to see if there is something new. With push notifications, the server sends a notification to the device that there is something new, prompting it to download it. push notifications are usually preferred, as it doesn't constantly check the serve... | [
"Because you can send notifications to apps, which equates to increased traffic. That's why they are superior, from a marketing sense, to a mobile web site."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
The difference in scale between the first flight and the moon landing compared to the difference between the moon landing and a manned mission to Alpha Centauri? | [
"The moon is about 238,900 miles away. If you were to drive there (it's a *very* special car), at, we'll say around highway speeds, 70mph, it'd take you about 142 days to get there, or almost 40% of one year. To get there today, you'd have had to have left around November 29th of last year. If you were to drive th... | [
"The farthest we've ever been from the surface of the earth is 248,655 miles, and that was by accident (Apollo 13). The closest Mars gets to Earth is 33,900,000 miles. The escape velocity of a planet is much higher than that of the Moon. We would need to send down a landing device that would have the capability of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do filmmakers film close-up gunfire? | [
"You are right that it is just CGI. Sometimes they use gas blow back guns that will have a recoil similar to a normal gun but will be harmless. It might be enough to trigger the squibs to have blood splatter but not harm the actor. Blanks are dangerous and are generally not used on set unless for special scenes. Ac... | [
"It gives it that documentary feel where the cameraperson is part of the action. Watch some war documentaries filmed in the actual battles and notice how much camera shake they have."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Aren't there any noise-cancelling headphones or earpieces Brian Johnson could wear and still perform? | [
"Not at our current technology levels. Noise-cancelling headphones work by analyzing the noise around you and then emitting the same noise but out of phase in order to cancel out the sound waves. This works when the noise is a constant, predictable pattern as the analyze-and-emit part of the headphones needs a few ... | [
"There is a small microphone on the outside that monitors the noise, this is connected to the speaker within the actual headphones. This microphone takes in the outside noise (e.g. the car engine) and plays 'anti-noise' ( this is the opposite of the 'car engine') through the speakers along with whatever you are act... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:"
} |
Why do we capitalize the beginning of sentences? | [
"To make it more obvious that it is the beginning of a new sentence. It prevents having to differentiate between a period and a comma to know for sure."
] | [
"It was the convention held in the United States which lead to the drafting of the Constitution. Do you have a more specific question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do Canadians have the same rights and freedoms as Americans? | [
"The US and Canada have different legal systems. While many rights and freedoms overlap between both countries you should never apply any legal advice regarding the US into the Canadian system."
] | [
"The very easy way to think of it is that Civil Rights refer to the idea of all people having equal treatment, especially being free from discrimination based on factors like race, sex, etc. Civil Liberties are those freedoms protected explicitly by law. First amendment rights, etc. There's some overlap, obviously.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a scientific explanation for "The Hum" phenomena that the low-frequency, unexplainable noise that is heard throughout the world? | [
"> What is a scientific **explanation** for \"The Hum\" phenomena that the low-frequency, **unexplainable** noise that is heard throughout the world? You just answered your own question. There is currently no explanation."
] | [
"Do you consistently hear it? Day after day? Are their times? I dread to post the following link because it feels to 'conspiracy theory' for my skeptic tastes, but it is not an unheard (ha) of phenomenon. _URL_0_ However, there have been cases where the deep hums that can last a while are actually minor tremors th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Estonia have relatively low income inequality despite having a flat tax? | [
"Estonia, and a lot of former Soviet countries have a lot of foreign direct investment, so the insanely rich people benefitting from their economy are in Germany and Sweden. Also as part of the conversion from Communism, many employees of those countries received shares or other forms of equity or profit sharing i... | [
"To help clarify, in modern common language \"socialism\" means a capitalist country with lots of government programs, regulations and intervention in the economy. Its basically a matter of degrees of government intervention. So the US is considered non-socialist because there is no paid family leave, no universal ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
- Why does stepping on Lego hurt so bad? | [
"It's smaller, so the pressure doesn't get distributed across your skin. Smaller, sharper objects tend to hurt more. It doesn't help that LEGOs are almost completely edges."
] | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Since there are foods proven to prevent cancer, why aren't they prescribed as part of the diet for cancer patients? | [
"Firstly, there are no foods that have been proven to prevent cancer. There are foods that have been associated with a lower risk of cancer. Secondly, there's no point in preventing something that's already happened. Something that reduces the risk of something isn't the same thing as a cure once you have it, in mu... | [
"Essentially cancer. Studies show that as you age the risk of getting cancer increases significantly which is why you see all sorts of ads telling you to get checked regularly after 50. We have gotten okay at fighting cancer but really when someone gets put on treatment for cancer really they still are just hoping ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why only some people get spontaneous nose bleeds? | [
"Humidity can affect the capillaries in your nose and if the air around you is too dry the mucus surrounding your capillaries can dry up exposing your capillaries more"
] | [
"Experts are still working on it, but it looks like it’s most likely hormones fluctuating. Science does not support the claim that cravings are caused by nutrient deficiency."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does steel wool burn so quickly and easily? | [
"Steel wool burns *relatively* easily for steel because it has a lot of surface area so it heats easily and most importantly can be exposed to lots of oxygen. If you came here from the gif though it's a bit misleading. Either through editing or luck, that wool was a lot cleaner than most. This is a more typical att... | [
"Well, it doesn't stain as easily as regular steel. But more importantly it is resistant against rusting. Ordinary steel rusts very easily."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
is the world really having more instances of violence and terrorism or is the media just creating that illusion? | [
"More instances on what sort of timeline? The world is probably the least violent it has been since the beginning of written history. However, over the last year or so there has been a slight uptick in violent behavior. We're still nowhere near the levels we were at 100 years ago. With regard to ww3. Personally I ... | [
"Its the same reason fear of guns has gone up even though gun violence itself has gone way down: media exposure is much higher"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How are big items loaded in to a submarine. | [
"The normal accesses to the boat are removable, making a much larger hole for loading items in or out. Anything larger than those openings require cutting and welding the hull."
] | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
. What happens when rubbing alcohol expires? | [
"The alcohol itself will tend to evaporate past the cap, lowering the percentage of alcohol to water. Also, it can start to leach the plastic from the walls of the bottle."
] | [
"This is called an endothermic reaction. When the water pack inside is broken it mixes with whatever substance is inside and this causes heat to be absorbed rapidly. edit: spelling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does diarrhea happen? | [
"Basically it's like an overactive colon with decreased water absorption. The feces get moved along faster, and it retains more water than normal, resulting in an easier \"flow\" overall. It can be caused by sickness, lactose intolerance, food poisoning, and even stress. Really anything that upsets your system enou... | [
"Pretty sure it’s the other way around...You get dehydrated from having diarrhea. That’s why people die from cholera."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do old movies often have a single hair in the frame? | [
"This is likely a fault that is introduced either during the copying of a film, or during the telecine that converts a film onto tape or a digital format for television. Some of these telecines are done very cheaply, allowing faults like that to remain."
] | [
"All kinds of ways: * have the camera a few degrees off center, not enough to notice, but enough to be out of frame * use CGI to remove the camera from the final image * in the past, there would be no mirror, they would use a body double, or shoot the scene twice with the actor on either side, and combine"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do Walgreens and CVS, two nearly identical pharmacies, so often set up shop across the street from one another? | [
"It's often that those locations are areas that are convenient for shoppers to access, and thus the benefit they get from being near major roads or a commercial area outweighs being right next to their competition."
] | [
"Imagine a town with three dealerships. Two of them are located right next to each other and the third one is across town. If you are in the market for a car where would you go first? If you go to one of the two and don't like any of their offers then you can just walk over to the other dealership to see what they ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Automotive industry:"
} |
How does YouTube determine when to play ads? | [
"They haunt the people without Adblock with ads until they decide to download it. It's all a big ploy"
] | [
"Some devices do not allow for ads to be played on the video. If an ad does not play, the content creator makes no profit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
Does the use of numbers and special characters in passwords actually make them more effective than longer, simpler passwords? | [
"Cracking passwords is hard, theoretically (with the method you describe) it can take millions of years. So, if you want to guess a password, you'd start with e.g. english words, or already known passwords (a \"dictionary attack\"), just because that is what most people are using. If you have more time (or need les... | [
"Password managers keep your passwords encrypted, so they wouldn't be accessible to anybody who \"broke in\". They also encourage you to use unique, random alpha numeric passwords for each account, so if somebody breaks into one of your accounts, your others aren't compromised. And your master password for you mana... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is full time status treated as a job promotion? | [
"If the full time position comes with benefits, vacation, medical, sick days etc. this is definitely a “promotion “. Benefits cost your employer money, so it would be an upgrade."
] | [
"What's the reasoning behind term limits being a good idea?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When and How did the USA end up with poor worker rights while every other western country has things like mandatory lunch breaks, etc? | [
"“Socialism never took root in America because the poor see themselves not as an exploited proletariat but as temporarily embarrassed millionaires.” ― John Steinbeck"
] | [
"Mothers in the US have no legally mandated paid maternity leave. Workers in general have no legally mandated paid vacation or sick time. What makes you think fathers are going to be given time? The US has really fallen behind the rest of the developed world in how workers are treated. Unless you've got a strong un... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do controversial events have "gate" names? IE watergate, gamergate, deflategate? | [
"It all came from Watergate, which is the name of a hotel. Since it was such a big scandal all the subsequent scandals use -gate to denote the scale of the scandal."
] | [
"We know about the NSA, we know about fast and furious, we know about the bay of pigs, we know about watergate, we know about iran-contra, we know about teapot dome, we know about warrant-less wiretapping, we know about.... How could a huge, bureaucratic cluster-fuck like the United States Government possibly pull ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does the iPhone 7+ have 2 front cameras? | [
"It doesn't, it has 2 rear-facing cameras. One is the normal 28mm focal length and the other is 2x at 56mm (all are full frame/35mm equivalent of course). This simply means you have a lens that is more \"zoomed\" in without losing quality. [This should help](_URL_0_). So, you can see 2x as far without cropping. T... | [
"Space. Big screen, camera, microphone, ear speaker, light sensor, notification led. Some phones do it (HTC one) but others just put it on the back because it still works that way too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is Reddit composed mostly of male, middle class liberals? | [
"Reasonable conjecture: Because young teenagers tend to be more liberal. Also, reddit draws a lot of focus towards technology related issues, which men are on average more interested in. Finally, middle class americans have more free time to blow on reddit then lower class americans. Also, upper class americans are... | [
"I thought it was just because Facebook was for everyone and Reddit attracted a less stupid/aggressive demographic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isn't cold water cooling a "thing" for houses? | [
"One major problem is condensation on the radiators. You would need a drain pan beneath each one and drain tubes running to the outside or house sewer pipes. Central AC has a single drain. Window units drain the water outside. Plus you would need fans on the radiators to get effficient cooling."
] | [
"They do. But it's extremely expensive and inefficient compared to other methods of water that are available most of the time. So basically, you don't have a lot of incentive to do so."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are vehicles capable of going faster than the fastest speed limits if they're not intended for racing? | [
"It has to do with engine's optimal running temperature. If an engine's top speed is limited to 55 miles per hour, that means it's usually running at 100% capacity just to meet the maximum highway speed limit. Over a long time, running at 100% capacity will result in a lot of wear-and-tear, overheating, and possibl... | [
"So, you know when you're driving down the highway, and you see those horizontal lines that go all the way across the road? The DOT has those metered out at a set distance, and they'll time how long it takes you to cross the distance between those lines. Since speed is distance divided by time, they can resolve you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does counting work in base systems higher than base 10? Or is base 10 the highest number system we have? | [
"We use base 16 when programming computers. In order for that to work, we need 16 different \"digits\" - so when we run out after 9 we use letters of the alphabet. So if you're counting in base 16, it goes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e, f, 10. \"10\" in base 16 really means the number 16, the same wa... | [
"> Or is it entirely feasible that we could've just as easily used, say, base 12 if we had 12 fingers? It is entirely possible that we could use any workable number of base units, and different civilizations have in the past used different bases. Base 20 or base 60 were some of the more common and influential ones.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Mathematics:"
} |
Why is it that people from different countries can play on the US national team? | [
"Dual citizenship individuals can play for either countrys national team. Sometimes players from countries with strong leagues chooses to play for a slightly weaker national team because, hey, at least they get to play in the championships. For example, there's usually a bunch of Canadian-Italians in the Italian na... | [
"Because contrary to what you may believe the usa does NOT own the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How much info can a website glean from websites open in other browser tabs? | [
"Websites can't see what you're doing in other tabs, as that would be a major browser security issue. However, many websites contain Facebook \"Like\" buttons, or Facebook comments sections. If you're logged in to Facebook (even if you don't have a tab open to Facebook), the Facebook elements on those pages can see... | [
"Your cookies and browsing history are used to customize the advertisements you see while you are browsing the internet. You can turn on incognito mode, or delete your history and cookies, and see a change in the advertisements on your feed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why do people think that politicians, and the government, benefit from acts of war? Is there any truth to this? | [
"War is big business. It is the weapons manufacturers that benefit the most. Politicians are influenced by them. Watch the documentary Why We Fight for a better explanation. I believe the whole thing is on YouTube."
] | [
"The simple answer to why there was no uproar is the same as always, the populous was ill informed. They're still ill informed about prison reform, the health system, taxes, and various resource and drug wars. This is the problem when the government, business and media are all pushing the same agendas. The agenda b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Wikipedia considered an "unreliable" source? | [
"Wikipedia is not a source. A source is where something is created. Wikipedia just collects information and presents in an easily usable format. None of the Wikipedia contributors create information just for Wikipedia. In fact, it's against the rules of Wikipedia to create information for the site. If you're asked ... | [
"Rather than provide you with a list of sites, your educators would do better to teach you to be critical of all source material. When you find a site that looks suspicious (amateurish layout, sensational headlines), find out who the writers are and what their background is. For instance, at the bottom of the front... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why and how do sideways sails work? | [
"A sail is a lifting body, like a wing. As long as the sail is in the right position it will generate lift; or create lower air pressure on the outside of the sail than the inside. When this happens the sail will, like an airplane wing, move towards the low pressure side. This creates movement, just like it does in... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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