query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
could stomping on the gas in an older vehicle induce a transmission failure? | [
"Semi-competent mechanic here. The transmission was already on its last legs. Full throttle acceleration places a lot more load on the transmission compared to gentle acceleration because the engine is generating its full power. Your friend's acceleration simply accelerated the unfortunate transmission's demise. A ... | [
"to avoid slamming on both the gas and break in case of an emergency or sudden reaction. Doing this could result in having a bad time..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are nightmares called nightmares? | [
"According to [Wikipedia](_URL_0_) the word \"nightmare\" derives from the Old English \"mare\", a mythological demon or goblin who torments others with frightening dreams.[3] Subsequently, the prefix \"night-\" was added to stress the dream-aspect. The word \"nightmare\" is cognate with the older German term Nacht... | [
"We call them those things *because* they make us sick. All of the other trillions of bacteria in our bodies that don't make us sick usually aren't called illnesses. You're essentially asking something like \"Why are all nightmares bad? Why don't we have good nightmares?\" We do. They're just called \"dreams\"."
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Medical:"
} |
Why am I less tired when I wake up after 3 hours of sleep then when I wake up after 8 hours? | [
"Waking up during rapid-eye movement sleep will make you feel worse and act worse than waking up during heavy or light sleep, which is why you can nap for an hour or three and feel great afterwards. It rejuvenates you. The brain stages sleep into multiple forms, simply put, light goes into heavy sleep, and heavy sl... | [
"You get used to it. Technically you can be fully functional with 2 hours of sleep a day. Look up polyphasic sleep and Buckminster Fuller who reportedly took 4 thirty minute naps a day for two years. Anyway, it really sucks when you start, but you can adjust your sleep schedule to require less hours, basically by g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What are the long term effects of casual alcohol consumption (ex 3-5 drinks per week) and how do the effects differ from alcoholism/heavy drinking? | [
"Three to five drinks a week would likely do nothing unless you have a preexisting condition, or are predisposed to liver cancer or cirrhosis. Heavy drinking will damage the liver over time. The liver can regenerate, so it is a pretty slow process, but over time, more and more of the liver will basically die, until... | [
"The adverse affects of drinking during pregnancy were not known until very recently (as in your grandmother probably didn't know it was a bad idea). Likely the average woman in ancient Egypt wasn't getting hammered, just having the modern equivalent of a beer or two a day. While there is currently no \"safe\" leve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do melted chocolate chips (in cookies, pancakes, etc) stay melty after they've cooled down? | [
"there's a real science to tempering chocolate. you have to heat it hot enough that the fat and sugar melt, cool it enough that the sugar sets, but the fat doesnt, which results in fat covered sugar crystals, then heat it enough that the sugar becomes semi-fluid, without separating from the oil, .. then you have t... | [
"The same thing can happen with oatmeal! The reason why oat bran in raisin bran hardens like cement is the starch. When it gets wet and dries, it's basically acting like a water/milk activated adhesive. Have you seen compostable utensils before? Those don't melt when used to eat wet foods, or even hot (up to 200 de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are some smells harder to wash out of your skin than others? e.g.; perfume vs. bleach | [
"Some asorb in. Perfume is menthol based so evaporates. Where as bleach is acid based and will burn in to your pores"
] | [
"Burn a candle all day in your house, the smell isn't as strong because you become used to it. Walk into a house with a candle burning and you smell it right away. Works the same with body odor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some women complain about "luxury" tax on tampons but accept taxes on other necessary hygiene products like toothbrushes, toothpaste, toilet paper, etc? | [
"Why does anyone have double-standards or make statements that aren´t 100% based in fact and logic? We are all people, women that do say that probably just think that tampons are more important to their daily lives then other things. Maybe they also think they are too expensive compared to other toiletries or they ... | [
"I work in a hotel. We literally have an entire room full of amenities you wouldn't even think of asking for. Shaving cream, razors, toothbrushes, toothpaste, floss, mini sewing packs, hairspray, deodorant, combs, shower caps, q-tips, shoe polish, slippers, mouthwash, body wash, mini packs of aspirin, the list goes... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
It seems like a lot of my classmates who are in the military are getting married sooner, starting families sooner, etc. Why is this? | [
"From what I understand (co worker is a vet, I asked him) you get a lot of benefits in the military for being married, not the least of which is a pay raise. (The gov wants you married and having children. They will grow up and either pay taxes or be a soldier like daddy/mommy) Edit: If this is completely off, forg... | [
"I think it's a dumb term. Most of the time when I hear it said, it's applying to someone who has been working hard for a long time to support others, such as their kids, and then circumstances open up and they decide to do something for themselves. One specific example where I've heard it used: a man who when youn... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How is exercise so beneficial when you're in pain after and you are exerting your body beyond it's self | [
"Your body adjusts to the fact it's getting over-exerted by increasing its capacity. Your body wants to be pretty much as weak and fat as it can get away with because large muscles require much more energy to maintain and fat reserves guard you against famine. If you exercise and it hurts you're doing some minor d... | [
"Keeping busy can keep your mind off of it. Just being active can mask symptoms. When you're up and active you often feel better. Conversely, rest becomes difficult when you are sick. You sleep fitfully and can't get comfortable. Being active, however, can make it worse. Maybe it *was* better that morning, but beca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Would holding onto 1 million Bitcoins have a negative impact on the rest of the BC market? Value? | [
"If anything, it would have the opposite effect... if values are set by supply and demand, and you're artificially reducing the demand then equal demand would cause prices to rise. Kind of like when the [Hunts tried to corner the silver market](_URL_0_) in the 70's and 80's..."
] | [
"The same way Gold, US Dollars and Euros gets their value. Some people are willing to exchange a certain amount of another currency for a certain amount of Bit Coin. The people who help make these exchanges record the amounts and tell you about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are modern superhero comics more darker than the classic ones? | [
"The medium changes to fit the audience. A lot of the main audience were kids/young teens when they first started and now they've grown up and demand more mature content, which usually equals darker and grittier. It also seems to be what the average person wants these days, it's why the Batman movies got a super gr... | [
"Spider Gwen has been a huge hit since her debut in February. But in general, as far as superheroes go, no one has really come up with a new and unique idea for one. Most recent superheroes are just slightly different people with the same powers as other more popular heroes (Incredibles im looking at you)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If google encrypts my e mail in transit and at rest how do thry read it to target ads? | [
"It's like someone is giving you a box with a code lock and you can put something inside and he will deliver it wherever you want. But still.. He knows the code."
] | [
"It does not hide which websites you visit. However it encrypts (scrambles with an algoritm) the communication so they cannot see what you are doing on the website."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why doesn't poor eyesight regenerate like a wound does? | [
"Poor eyesight generally is not because of an injury, but because the eye developed slightly wrong. It won't heal because as far as the body is concerned nothing is wrong."
] | [
"Some types of cells regenerate faster than others. For example, heart cells are famous for never regenerating, but the cells in the lining of your intestines regenerate every 2-4 days. Obviously there is much more opportunity there for a mutation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How come my touchscreen responds to only my fingers? | [
"It's not only your fingers, other things work as well. It's because the screen isn't pressure sensitive, it's a capacitive touch screen, your body completes a circuit, which registers as touch, things like water and metal and also register as a touch."
] | [
"I want to know that too. Maybe i can add a question to that ELI5 topic: Why do i see lightning like things when closing my eyes and pushing/rolling them with my finger?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How News Corp. isn't in breach of US antitrust law | [
"Antitrust laws are for companies that are monopolies, just like speed limit laws are for people who drive cars. People don't get in trouble for speed limit laws just because they drive cars, do they? They only get in trouble when they drive too fast. So, in the same way, companies don't get in trouble for antitrus... | [
"It is not illegal to have a monopoly. What is illegal is to use your monopoly in certain specific ways to stifle competition. So long as Comcast and AT & T don't do that, they do not violate the anti-trust act."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What would actually happen if the end of "Fight Club" occurred in real life? Would all of the debt really be wiped away? What would happen to daily financial transactions like buying groceries? | [
"I can't speak for every bank, but I know of one that's fairly standard in many ways and they have a line of 5 different systems spread across the country, each ready to act as a replacement for the main system and they can be brought up as the replacement just about seamlessly - maybe a couple seconds downtime if ... | [
"People only give out loans if they think they're going to be paid back. If money lending stopped completely, entire chunks of the economy would grind to a halt. Consumers wouldn't be able to afford large purchases like cars or homes. Some people wouldn't be able to afford their education. Businesses wouldn't be ab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why head hair continues to grow, while pubic/leg/arm/underarm hair seems to reach a limit growth? | [
"All hair has a limit on how long they can grow. Most people's hair on their head will generally stop growing when it's waist-length. Different hair have different length because they all have different length of life-cycle. Your eyelash has a life of 7-8 weeks, therefore it will only grow to a very short length be... | [
"They grow like any other body hair. But no hair just grows continuously longer and longer and longer. They grow for a period, transition into dormancy, then fall out and are replaced by a new hair. You simply don't notice because they don't do it all at once, so individual hairs being replaced are lost within the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:"
} |
China vs Porcelain vs Ceramic vs Earthenware | [
"All of these are examples of Ceramics, which covers the entire set of the other items you are asking about. Ceramics are typically any sort of hard shaped material formed at least partly out of Kaolinite Clay. The main differences between the types of ceramics are: * Earthenware, fired at lower temperatures than ... | [
"Side 1 - For Vaccines: -Science Side 2 - Against Vaccines: -Paranoid idiocy"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What causes muscles to twitch or vibrate randomly and uncontrollably? | [
"Several things. It could be siezures, but since you are writing about it instead of being rushed to the hospital, that seems unlikely. Sometimes, the brain can randomly misfire and send a pulse to a muscle, but that doesn't happen too often. The third reason is that, when your brain hasn't recieved any messages fr... | [
"Magnesium is one of the ions that is used to conduct electrical signals through your muscles in order to contract them. A magnesium deficiency is theorized to predispose someone to cramps, which are an involuntary electrical discharge in your muscles causing involuntary contraction."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
what is the difference between hand cream, body cream and face cream? | [
"It's basically a question of skin sensitivity, same reason why you shouldn't use certain shaving products (you know, this ones that like chemically burn them hairs) in certain parts of your body (like face or scrotum). Edit: I meant depilatory gels"
] | [
"Shampoo is much more mild .. Shampoo doesn't have enough 'oomph' to clean your body properly. Body wash, on the other hand, is too harsh you use in your hair on a regular basis. The whole reason Shampoo was invented was because regular soap left peoples' hair dry and damaged."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do they flavor potato chips and other snacks? | [
"They literally have a lab, where people mix different ingredients, experimenting with flavor combinations. They then find a way to get that mix into a powdery form, and dust the intended chips during production. Artificial flavoring could be anything \"food stuffs\" as it's called. Stevia, Fructose, sour powder, a... | [
"\"Regular\" potato chips are rinsed after they are sliced. This releases a lot of the starch. Kettle cooked chips are sliced thicker and do not get that rinse, which results in harder chip after it is fried. I don't know why you say that kettle-cooked chips are healthier. At the end of the day, it's still a fried... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How to properly jump onto a stunt airbag. Is there any specific way? | [
"Yes. You want to maximize your surface area. Diving head first will get you killed as the bag will do next to nothing. If you land on your face, it'll suck. So you want to land on your back. I'm not sure if the pros would extend their arms and legs, but I'd try to land like a starfish, with my arms and legs stretc... | [
"Because you’re moving and the road isn’t. Try to stick a landing by jumping on a treadmill on high, same concept."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do audio wires work? How does a unit send something through metal wires that comes out of a speaker as a song/voice/etc? | [
"Sound is air vibrating back and forth. It's made by a speaker moving back and forth. The speaker is moved by a magnetic field that swaps back and forth. That field is made by electricity that swaps back and forth. That electricity is carried by the wires. It's just alternating current (AC) electricity that matches... | [
"The amplifier in the speakers is picking up a part of the signal output by your phone, amplifying them and sending it to the speakers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what if someone got to the moon,and started committing crimes....What could the government do about that? | [
"Not a lot as long as he stays on the moon, since there's a shortage of police and courts there. If he returns to Earth, he could potentially be prosecuted by the country that launched the spacecraft, his home country, or the the home country of any victims, depending on how those countries feel about extra-territo... | [
"Well everywhere is a country now. You cant just send people to england, we don't want criminals. No country wants exiled criminals. And you can't \"exile\" them to the desert or Antarctica. They will die from exposure. Thats cruel and unusual punishment."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
when muscles get stronger they grow. How do our lungs get stronger if you go for a long run? | [
"Your lungs aren't actually a muscle. They themselves can't get stronger, because they're not the thing providing the power to breathe. You breathe with a muscle called your *diaphragm*. It's a sheet of muscle that separates your chest from your belly. When it contracts, it moves downwards. This increases the press... | [
"You can, go run around while lifting heavy things. You will do both. Thats how most athletes get tone, they play their sport."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do filmmakers find a job after graduating from a university and getting their degree? | [
"Because during the degree period you make a lot of movies. You also make a lot of movies during your free time, otherwise you wouldn't want to push for the degree. The movies that have the degree taker in them also include credits, which shows what you've taken part in. Which the company judges from. Because if y... | [
"There are. They're just usually not well recognized, and have to be in a field that's profitable enough/can get enough students. New York Film Academy, for instance, offers a bachelor's degree and only does film related studies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When companies get called to Capital Hill, to explain a fuck up or price hike, what actually gets accomplished? | [
"In theory, Congress is having a hearing so they can better understand what is going on, so that they can consider passing a law to improve the situation. In the real world, they are mostly just putting on a show to impress the voters back home."
] | [
"Because they make people think that things are being done. It gets the politicians faces on the nightly news. It gets the same job done, politically speaking, without the backlash that actually doing anything would produce. Of course, the planet will still boil, but that won't happen until after the next electora... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is the difference between a Shia muslim and a Sunni muslim? | [
"Shias think Ali was the divinely appointed successor of Mohammed; and sunnis think divine prophet-ship stopped at Mohammed."
] | [
"The Sunnis and Shia are two groups of Islam that split when there was a disagreement over who should have taken over as king (caliph) after the Prophet Mohammad died. After the split they developed slightly different rules and rituals, think Protestants and Catholics. Baathist were the people who supported Sadda... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does different USB cables, connected to the same power source, charge my phone faster or slower? | [
"The resistance of the cable affects how fast electricity flows through it. Longer cables, and cables with thinner wires have higher resistance. [Here's an article that goes really in depth on the subject.](_URL_1_) In a lot of ways, [electricity moves like water](_URL_0_). In this case, it's like hooking up a hose... | [
"You plug it in the laptop via a USB port, and in the mobile phone via a micro USB port. This means you use two different ports on the powerbank as well. This decides if you're charging the bank or the device."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What the hell is going on when I rotate my eyes to my extreme periphery and experience a sort of electric jolting? | [
"Can you describe what you mean by \"electrical jolting\"? Where is it located?"
] | [
"The rattle from the sneeze disorientates your eyes for a second. That rattles the optical nerves in your eyes, and they get jumbled up, leaving a few empty spots in your eye sight until they re-orienate themselves. This means you get a few spots in your eyes where you can't process light until it fixes itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Physiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does my stomach hurt when I take certain pills on an empty stomach? | [
"the medicine can irritate the inning of your stomach based on how concentrated it is in the cavity. i f you take it with food or water this will dilute the medicine as it dissolves and reacts with the acid in your tummy."
] | [
"Try eating some food before hand. Some people experience pretty bad stomach aches when drinking water on an empty stomach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is happening to our eyes when we "defocus" our vision on purpose? | [
"You have small muscles that warp the lens in your eye, to change whether you focus on nearby or distant objects. When you are focusing on a nearby object, distant objects are blurry and out of focus. You usually don't notice, because you aren't paying attention to them. So when you use those muscles to focus you... | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are there so many toll roads in the USA? | [
"You can pretty much drive across the US without hitting a toll road, its just that some of the most convenient routes in the north east have toll roads. There are usually alternate routes that avoid tolls, but are much slower. There are also toll roads in Canada around Toronto, like the 407."
] | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is cigar smoke so much more odorous/long lasting compared to cigarette smoke? Aren't they both tobacco? | [
"Cigar is pure tobacco, when cigarette is chopped up leaves with a lot of other stuff. Also size. If you take just 2 puffs from cigar it will go away just as fast as cigarette. But if you spend 30min chain smoking cigarettes it be pretty long lasting."
] | [
"Vaping is seen as a safer alternative to smoking (both tobacco and marijuana) because the active ingredient is vaporized instead of burned, meaning you aren't inhaling shitty products of combustion into your lungs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is happening inside my brain when a song is stuck in my head? and how do I MAKE IT GO AWAY?? | [
"Getting music stuck in your head is an emergent reaction/behavior of the evolution of our auditory cortex. Human brains have evolved to excel at certain things: learned behavior, mimicry, social abstractions, etc. The catchy songs you get \"stuck\" in your head are due to a *side effect* of a few of the various am... | [
"I would guess it's because, compared to proper typing, caps REALLY GRABS YOUR ATTENTION the same way someone shouting would. It's a \"HEY WHAT I HAVE TO SAY IS IMPORTANT SO PAY ATTENTION\". Shouting works much the same way so they go hand in hand. Just my guess though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How is it possible for 2 quarks to cause the universe to collapse? | [
"There are two types of matter particles, hadrons and leptons. Leptons (like the electron) are themselves fundamental...they can't be subdivided. Hadrons (like protons and neutrons) are not fundamental. They are made up of three quarks, bound together by the strong nuclear force. Quarks are fundamental. I have n... | [
"A hydrogen atom is 99.9999999999996% empty space. If you can collapse that space into a plasma of subatomic particles without atomic structure, you can see how much opportunity there is to increase the density."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Physics:"
} |
How can corn go through your digestive system and come out whole on the other side? | [
"It doesn't. Only the outer shell does. The \"skin\" on a corn kernel is made of cellulose, which cannot be digested by humans. The inside is made of starches and proteins, and they are properly broken down. So, you're not actually seeing whole kernels on \"the other side\", you're just seeing the shells."
] | [
"They absorb fats in your digestive tract so you poop it out instead of them being absorbed in your body. Fiber is indigestible to your body, it just keeps things flowing in your digestive tract."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can someone ELI5 what humidity is? | [
"Humidity is the amount of water in the air. Your body uses sweat to cool off. The sweat evaporates into the air, taking heat away with it. When there's a lot of water already in the air (that is, when the humidity is high), it's harder for sweat to evaporate off your skin. So the same temperature can feel a lot wo... | [
"As an on-topic question, can someone please ELI5 what a recession is exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Is it illegal/unconstitutional to communicate with foreign officials during a presidential campaign? | [
"The heart of the issue has been well covered by the responses thus far, but I think it's important to note that not a single person has been prosecuted under the Logan Act because it's nearly impossible to prove the difference between \"negotiating\" and a simple conversation. The purpose of the act is more to est... | [
"Yes, federal law enforcement agents could waltz in & arrest everyone. Currently, the president has issued an order prohibiting them from doing so Theoretically, that could be revoked at any time or when the next president comes into office."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What a functional programming language is and what they are good for? | [
"There are two types of functional programming languages: Pure functional languages and impure functional languages. The paradigm is pretty easy: In most programming languages you have functions (/methods/subroutines/whatever). Functional programming languages treat these as functions in the mathematical sense. Tha... | [
"One computer language is equivalent to another in terms of what they *can* do, but AI has historically been associated with Lisp, Prolog, Java, C, and Python. There's no reason you can't do it in whatever language you want, of course."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
DNA Transcription and the roles of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA | [
"_URL_0_ There! This is how I learned it in school :)"
] | [
"DNA: A chain like molecule made of four different kinds of molecules (Nucleotides). The sequence of these different nucleotides works like a code. Gene: A section of the DNA that can be \"transcribed\" into an RNA. A gene starts with something called a promotor. That is a specific sequence of nucleotides that enz... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:"
} |
What is a "choke" in electronics | [
"A choke is an inductor, which at its most basic is a coil of copper wire. It has the effect of limiting high frequency from passing through it. The limiting is based on the Henry rating (units of inductance; higher H blocks frequencies to a lower Hertz). It is seen in crossovers to send lower frequencies to the wo... | [
"Its called a tennis ball basicly the same effect"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
in the shell sort algorithm, why are the numbers 1,4,10,23,57,132,301,701,1750 used? They seem to be ambiguous and are really confusing me... | [
"Shell sort partitions the data. The exact partition is not that important, but the properties of the partition (i.e. \"gap sequence\") do affect the runtime. \"Gonnet and Baeza-Yates observed that Shellsort makes the fewest comparisons on average when the ratios of successive gaps are roughly equal to 2.2.\" You n... | [
"A hash discards information. There are essentially an infinite number of possible texts, but only 2^128 (for md5 hashes) possible hashes. Multiple different texts will produce the same hash (called hash collisions). It's sort of like if you take the number 123456 and keep adding the digits together: 123456 - > 21... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is ignorance of the law not an excuse if you have to go to school for years just to understand the law? | [
"If ignorance of the law was a defense, it would mean that a prosecutor would not only have to prove a criminal violation but *also* prove the suspect knew it was a criminal violation. Everyone should know that murder is illegal, but imagine trying to prove that someone *knew* murder is illegal. Barring getting the... | [
"> How am I, as a new adult who just left home, expected to know (beyond killing, stealing, and harming people and their properties) what is legal and what is not? You really can't know every law, and the phenomenon is known as \"overcriminalization\". The number of laws is literally unknowable now; even the legisl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Law and government:"
} |
What are the rules/gameplay of Craps? | [
"1. New player rolls two dice. The sum of their two dice is taken. 2. If the result is a 7 or 11, the player wins immediately. If it's a 2, 3, or 12 the player loses immediately. 3. For all other rolls the player establishes a \"point\" and rolls again. 4. From this point forward the player continues rolling unt... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does 'Latin' mean Hispanic? | [
"Likewise, Hispanic means you're from Hispania, or Spain. It doesn't really make sense to call someone from say, Venezula an Hispanic, even if they speak Spanish. That's like saying someone from Minnesota is English. Regardless, Hispanic is still used that way."
] | [
"Because then we would also have to add * Communism/socialism/Marxism * The speed of light * Black holes * How computers work * Monty Hall problem"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why lightning is rare during snowstorms. | [
"Depends on where you live. Here along the Wasatch Front in Utah, we see it multiple times almost every winter. [This paper](_URL_0_) describes it more. I screencapped the US map for you: [_URL_1_](_URL_1_). Edit: This map seems to indicate we get lightning in a snow storm about once every three years. I can tell ... | [
"Because water turning a lighter color is harmless. It's lightning, not lightening. Sorry, couldn't resist. :-)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do East Africans have Caucasian features? | [
"East Africans, especially around the Horn, have significant amounts of Eurasian ancestry (up to 25%) from back-migration into Africa thousands of years ago. This ancestry is also present in a lesser degree all the way down East Africa, and is least present in West Africa."
] | [
"Because Russia and somewhere like Japan are very different in genetic make up. Russians often have Slavic roots, so calling Russians \"Asian\" would not make all that much sense as they have more in common with Eastern European having slavic roots too. Not sure about India though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How come Britain is on the same latitude as Canada but comparatively so much warmer? | [
"The [gulf stream](_URL_1_) is an ocean current that carries warm water up from the tropics and to Great Britain, among other places. [You can read more on the gulf stream here](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"Temperature is influenced by air and ocean currents. In general, the eastern and central parts of North America are significantly colder than Western and southern European countries that are about the same latitude. Then if you go east of western Europe, into Russia and Siberia, the temperature gets colder again. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it considered respectful to take your hat off in some situations? | [
"Wearing a hat can obscure your face which is rude when greeting people and its normally considered outdoor wear so wearing it inside can be rude and wearing at at the dinner table can be very rude like leaving a coat on, it implies you are not planning on staying very long."
] | [
"It's definitely still proper manners to stand up whenever someone arrives or leaves a table."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
(for my son): why does keeping food cold make it last longer? | [
"Basically, bacteria don't do their decomposition thing as well when it's so cold. Not to mention, all the water is trapped in ice if you completely freeze it."
] | [
"> 25) How come when your feet are cold your tears are still warm? Did anyone see this as the most depressing question? \"Why does this child have cold feet that they are apparently weeping on?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are fraternities/sororities named with greek letters? | [
"This particular story may be apocryphal but they were predated by Latin letter organizations. One guy was denied entry into one so he started a Greek letter organization. The Greek letters are initialisms of their mottos i.e. Phi Beta Kappa = Philosophia Bios Kybernethes which is \"Philosophy is the guide to life... | [
"No. [Fraternities and sororities](_URL_0_) are not just living quarters, but invitation-only social organizations. Someone who lives in a dorm may or may not run in the same social circles as other people in the dorm. But in a fraternity/sorority, the others in the same house make up a very large part of that pers... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does our tongue have a "life of its own" | [
"If it moves out of your control you might have a parasite that latches into your tongue and slowly dissolves it. Eventually it complely replaces your tongue. It's more common in fish. [the tongue-eating louse](_URL_1_), is a parasitic isopod of the family Cymothoidae. This parasite enters fish through the gills, a... | [
"The coldness causes your blood vessels going to the brain to constrict, resulting in the brain getting less blood and oxygen. Protip: press your tongue against the soft part of the top of your mouth to make it go away quicker."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Let’s say that you have a tube with a cap on either side. If you pull on both the caps at the same time, why does only one cap come of will the other one stays attached to the tube? | [
"There’s another fun trick similar to this that you can do with any rod like object (broomstick, cane, etc.) hold it up with your index fingers on opposite sides of the stick now begin to slide them smoothly towards each other (but don’t force it) let your finger ‘stick’ and just keep going until your fingers touch... | [
"I haven't taken many physics classes, but I believe it relieves the stress on the bottom of the bottle when you squeeze it. This allows the bottle to be able to be squeezed easier and not have the bottom pop out. If the bottom pops out the bottle wouldn't be able to balance on a flat surface."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are some people affected so strongly by certain sounds, such as squeaking Styrofoam? | [
"There is a condition called [Misophonia](_URL_0_) that causes extreme negative responses (such as rage or flight) in response to certain sounds. Mouth smacking noises drive my husband pretty nuts; for others it could be the proverbial chalkboard or styrofoam or whatever. It's a neurological condition, and as such,... | [
"One of the most practical benefits of white noise is it can \"cover up\" potentially disturbing sounds without sounding like anything noticeable by itself. So you can go to bed and won't hear ice tumbling in the fridge, the dog's claws going clickclick on hard floors, cars outside etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can sites like 9GAG take/use my content without any credit to me and without me posting it myself? | [
"Because you haven't sued them. It's not allowed, but what are you going to do about it? You could start with filing a DMCA take-down notice, and perhaps that would work quickly and cheaply. Otherwise you would have to hire lawyers, sue them, pay court fees, and see where it goes. Is your photo worth a few thousand... | [
"Article 13 is the EU expanding its copyrite protects and enforcement. It means you that you can’t copy an image/thing on the internet without permission. Basically someone actually owns all the photos we use for memes, and we are kind of screwing them over by using their content with paying/recognizing them, so th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are diseases such as chickenpox deadly to adults, but practically harmless to children? | [
"You seem to have your facts wrong. Chickenpox is not deadly to adults. Mumps poses a great risk to post-pubertal males, because it can render them sterile once the testes have fully developed. However, it won't kill them. Rubella poses a great risk in pregnancy, as it causes birth defects. Measles is dangerous ... | [
"Not everyone can be vaccinated. People who are allergic to an ingredient; have had a previous adverse reaction to an earlier partial dose; who are immunocompromised ( eg a child with cancer); babies who are too young to have recieved all of the shots in each series; pregnant women; people on certain medications; a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why aren't there any successful third party candidates in major United States Elections? | [
"First Past the Post voting, which is the system we have, encourages strategic voting, which discourages diversity. Basically if a simple plurality wins, then everyone is encouraged to pool together and vote together, and it always devolves into a 2 party system, even in mathematical models. CGP Grey has some reall... | [
"I sincerely doubt there's much difference in personal liberties between America and Western Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is the cost of college increasing so much in the U.S.? | [
"Federal student aid is a cash cow for colleges. For many colleges, this is their main source of income. The amount an individual can get in federal student aid and other subsidies is actually very high, so colleges often set their tuition costs to be around the maximum a student can get in federal student aid. Thi... | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what do motion detectors actually detect? | [
"There's a few types of motion detector, but the most common is the Passive Infra-Red sensor (PIR). They spot sudden changes in the amount of infrared (heat) radiation in front of it - if a person suddenly appears in front of it, then things will suddenly get warmer, and that'll trigger the sensor."
] | [
"What kind of tv do you have? Just off the top of my head do you have auto motion plus turned on?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why causes long wait times in the ER? What can be done to shorten wait times? Is this bad for patients? | [
"It's called triage. As each person arrives they are assessed and then put into the queue. Just because they arrived last doesn't mean they get seen last. If they're the next worst off person they'll go in next. A few years ago I was in an ER here in Australia. A guy was yelling at a nurse because he'd been there ... | [
"There appears to be a large push to use medication instead. Here in Canada you can even get these prescribed by a doctor in a walk in clinic who doesn't even know you. The cost to pay mental health professionals is greater than pills. Accessing mental health services from the government clinic means going on a wai... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are the letter arrangements on keyboards are designed like that? | [
"Has to do with type writers. They are arranged strategically to avoid as often as possible having to press two keys that are next to each other to avoid jamming. Also for efficiency of motion, though some people prefer another layout called dvorak which is actually much more efficient."
] | [
"Numbers on your keyboard, and calculator a have 1 2 3 and 0 on the bottom because people who used to \"calculate\" things such as scientists and accountants needed to use 1 and 0 a lot. They wanted them right next to each other and easy to get to without having to reach over other keys. Phones on the other hand, t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Science models. What program or software do they use to "run" climate and other science models? | [
"Models are usually run on computing clusters with a large amount of memory and CPU power. It's often a custom program, written by research meteorologists and programmers that they work with."
] | [
"Some scientists also know computer programming. Many, I'd say. In fact, there's a whole field known as \"computer science,\" which people have degrees for studying and understanding the mathematics and logic behind computers. *Cough* ...like me. *Cough.* But in regards to your question: usually, science is done by... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Artificial Intelligence:"
} |
How can life start from non-organic matter? You mean we came from tiny non-living particles in the big-bang? | [
"real answer: at this time, we dont really know, we only have speculative theories."
] | [
"The various members of the dinosaur groups evolved from even earlier archosaurs after the synapsids suffered a mass extinction. You can follow the lineage back to crude cells in the ancient seas, which presumably formed from simple self replicating proteins encased in a protective lipid bilayer, both of which form... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is 'Old Style' and 'New Style' dates | [
"The Gregorian calendar we use today wasn't adopted by all European countries at the same time. Britain and its territories didn't adopt it until the 18th century, for instance. Russia didn't until the 20th. This means that there are a bunch of historical events that took place on a given day, but were 12 days late... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
With the earth running out of drinking water, and over 70% of the earths body being covered in sea water. Why can’t we just convert sea water to drinking water? | [
"Short answer: we can. Long answer: it's expensive in terms of both money and energy. There are a few methods, but the ones I'm familiar with boil down to either a filter or boiling the water and condensing the steam. The boiling method requires a huge amount of energy to do on a large scale. The filter method is g... | [
"The water in your shower has been treated with chemicals to remove dirt and bacteria and is drinkable. So every time you shower you are contaminating water that could have been used in a better way. > it seems like the places that have clean water readily available to them now will have clean water for the forese... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How are rocks older than each other? | [
"Rocks come in 3 types: Igneous Rock: Formed out of lava. Sedimentary rock: Formed out of stuff on the Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock: One of the other two types, whose structure was changed by heat and pressure. Rocks are dated from when they formed. So you could have a sample of basalt that formed billions of ... | [
"They don't use carbon dating at all, because carbon dating works on organic matter not rocks. Luckily though there see plenty of other dating methods. The only mention I could find is that they used some form or argon (probably Ar-Ar) dating to estimate the age. The stones were found above a layer of volcanic ash... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How and why did “male pattern baldness” come about? | [
"OP, is your question more about 'evolutionarily, what is the point of male pattern baldness?' Because no one really seems to be answering that question."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why's there still a "share" button for internet porn videos despite there being zero demand for it? | [
"Three possibilities: 1) Someone out there actually uses the porn sharing function, so websites continue to use it. 2) Its a default option in the web video program that porn sites use, and removing it would cause some issues with the playback. 3) Web developers have a weird sense of humor, and have programmed it i... | [
"Most porn stars are paid for production of the video, not when it is viewed. So that's the porn companies problem. Really, though, how have you not seen the billions of ads on every porn site? Pop ups, in your face expanding banners, etc. All of that is revenue for the site."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does tilt-shift make everything look like toys/models? | [
"I'm assuming you mean the \"tilt-shift effect\". Basically, because it mimics how we see miniature models. There are 3 things the photos have: 1. The photo is taken from a higher vantage point (mimicking us looking down at a table or something). 2. A shallow depth-of-field, mimicking our natural DOP when viewi... | [
"Think of it this way: you take a picture from a magazine. It's 2d obviously, but it was taken of a 3D landscape. Maybe it's Leonardo DiCaprio standing in front of a tree, which is in front of a building. So you cut out Leo, then you cut out the tree, leaving the building as the backdrop. Then, you glue Leo's pictu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If the music industry wants to discourage piracy,why do they release songs/albums digitally? | [
"Because people want digital copies of their music. The music industry tried to fight digital downloads for a while, but ultimately there's too much money to be made from giving your customers what they want."
] | [
"It's more lucrative for film makers to release their work to theatres, or even DVD/BluRay, long before considering a release on Netflix. Music on the other hand isn't very lucrative to begin with, unless you happen to be a pop star, so releasing an album on a streaming service like Pandora isn't likely to result i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are the Japanese not having children? | [
"So it's a pretty common phenomenon that [as wealth rises fertility rates fall](_URL_0_). Lot's of rich countries have low fertility rates in the same neighborhood as Japan. The overarching theory behind this relationship between wealth and fertility is that richer countries have more educated women with more econ... | [
"Why aren’t Americans trying to speak the Native American language?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Explain what he means when Wittgenstein says "if suicide is allowed, everything is allowed." | [
"Truth is, that paragraph gets quoted a *lot* more than it deserves. It wasn't a fully developed idea that Wittgenstein was expressing; it was literally just a thought he jotted down in one of his notebooks but which he never really fleshed out. The basic idea he was getting at was that suicide is the purest expres... | [
"Many people colloquially misuse it to mean \"brings up the question\". For example if someone picks up and runs off with a statue in front of the school as a senior prank it \"begs the question\" as to why the statue wasn't firmly secured to its mount. What it *actually* means is a particular kind of logical falla... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it legal to fire missiles against uncertain targets with a drone? | [
"This doesn't seem like a very ELI5 kind of question. There's no simple way to explain an answer to really any of your questions, and you'd be even less likely to get an unbiased one. I mean, look at the comments so far."
] | [
"They could shoot it down before it reaches a high-population area, thus minimizing casualties. They aren't there to save the people on the plane."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does compressing a video file work? | [
"The most common type of compression is lossy compression. Think of a video file as a series of jpeg files, which is a type of lossy compression for still images. When you want to compress a still image using JPEG compression, the computer is looking for parts of the image that look similar to each other and group ... | [
"Because exporting it means converting it into a different format, rather than just playing it back in its current state. In ELI5 terms: it takes longer to translate a book than it does to read the book."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What’s the difference between Suntan lotion and Sunscreen lotion | [
"Old \"suntan\" lotions - most of which don't call themselves that anymore - are sunscreens with a lower SPF (typically below 15SPF). The idea being that they would keep you from burning as quickly, whilst still allowing you to tan relatively naturally. They don't provide enough protection, however, to keep one fro... | [
"It's a protective layer that blocks or absorbs the harmful UVA and UVB ray from the sun. Depending on the ingredients in the sunscreen, they can physically block the rays (like titanium dioxide), or absorb the rays (like oxybenzone) before they reach your skin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What gives organizations the authority to charge fines or fees to people or other organizations? | [
"> What gives organizations the authority to charge fines or fees to people or other organizations? Usually, it's because the person or other organization signed a contract where they agreed to be responsible for paying certain fines if they break some predefined rules. In short: you agreed to it. > I see corporat... | [
"Governments can also be in debt to private entities and citizens."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do we build stamina over a period of time of doing something like playing a sport or running? What is going on "behind the scene"? | [
"The answer by /u/thedylanackerman of \"muscular efficiency\" is partially correct. While participating in endurance training (running, swimming) your muscles will in fact become stronger, but that is only a small part of the story (and they will not get *that* much stronger). The larger part, your muscle fibers ge... | [
"Sleep is mostly important to renew the brain neurotransmitters and do some housekeeping around the brain. When you think about it, sleep is mostly about shutting down your consciousness. We are only starting to understand what really happens in the brain during sleep. Conclusion: laying in bed is rejuvenating your... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What does the keyword 'static' in java programming mean? | [
"'static' means that something is associated with the class as a whole, and not an instance of the class. For instance, if you have this declaration: static int count = 0; And you have 100 instances of your class which run this line of code: count++; At the end, this line: System.out.println(count); Will out... | [
"whats the context we are looking for. what are you trying to achieve with this?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does water evaporate all the time on a normal day when it's boiling point is 100°C? | [
"Evaporation of liquids into the atmosphere is a normal process that slowly takes place at any temperature. Individual molecules near the surface will occasionally escape away into the atmosphere, but below the liquid's boiling point, air pushes down on the liquid harder than the liquid pushes back, so evaporation ... | [
"Snow can be colder than 0 degrees C, it just forms at that temperature, the same way steam forms at 100C but can exceed that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How are federal buildings considered private property? | [
"The land is owned by the federal government, as are the buildings, as is everything inside of them."
] | [
"States and local governments create their own rules. At the federal level the funds go to anything other than personal use... Typically donated to another candidate, party or charity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why don't christians have jesus as a name, like how muslims have mohammad as one? | [
"In spanish, Jesús is a very common name, like José or María."
] | [
"Islam is an abrahamic religon, like judaism and christianity. they believe muhammed was the last prophet, and jesus the second to last. the quran is based on what muhammed says god told him, just like christians think the bible is god's word muslims think the quran is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that every week "This Week in Science" tells us of all these amazing breakthroughs in health and technology, yet none of them ever seem to materialize into real-world solutions for humanity? | [
"It's either (a) Totally over-hyped, (b) still underdeveloped and won't be ready to be widely used for a very long time, (c) it's very cost-inefficient or difficult to manufacture/use (take graphene, for example, you can't mass-produce that stuff yet,) or (d) it's totally over-hyped."
] | [
"If we're trying to be remotely realistic here, any hypothetical cancer \"cure\" might be indicated for all cancers, but it would not be 100% effective nor would it be available in large quantities at reasonable costs. It would be quite expensive to obtain the treatment at first, which would in turn drive other pha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What happens to drug money / laundered money after it is confiscated by authorities? | [
"It is forfeited to the gov't. In some jurisdictions, it goes to the agency that seized it. This has caused a lot of problems, as those agencies more aggressively pursue causes where they smell money, often illegally. More often, that money goes to a general fund and is spend like any other money the gov't collects... | [
"Laws in Switzerland mean banks do not have to give personal information to police or government upon request. So a lot of criminals put their illegally made money into a Swiss bank account knowing the Police will never be able to find out who owns the account or how much money is in it or where the money came from... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why people don't just type their question into google to get an immediate, detailed answer instead of submitting it to ELI5. | [
"I appreciate the people who post to this sub instead of using Google. I can now spend hours sifting through answers to pointless questions I didn't know I wanted to know answers to!"
] | [
"> Even if you are completely sure, there's a good chance you might be wrong. Just take a mere 2 minutes to do a quick search on Wikipedia or Google before you answer a question. But if people hit google before asking a question, there'd be almost no questions asked here. Oh, wait, you're just restricting it to peo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is Jesus holding an orb and putting up two fingers in many of his portraits? | [
"The orb is called a [globus cruciger](_URL_0_), and symbolizes Christ's sovereignty over the world (thus the cross on top of the globe). In an interesting side note, this is yet another thing pointing out that yes, people *did* know the world was spherical before Christopher Columbus."
] | [
"Studying Art and Art-history is interesting since the particular ideas and ideals of an era or time-period are often reflected in their art, as an aspect of Cultural History. As an example, compare these two paintings: _URL_0_ _URL_1_ Both of them show baby Jesus and Mary, but they are completely different paintin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If taste is 80% smell then how come soap tastes horrible? | [
"It's not that the strength of the experience is 80% smell, rather that out of the number of different flavors, most are smells. The basic tastes we have are salty, sweet, savory/umami, bitter and sour. The rest, like \"vanilla\" or \"flowery\" or \"smokey\" are smells. But the basic tastes can still create very in... | [
"Toothpaste block your tongue from tasting sweetness. So when you drink orange juice, which is very sweet normally, you can only taste its sourness. Which is why it tastes horrible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
During hot weather, why does my house seem to get hotter in the evening even though it has cooled down outside. | [
"Could be any of several reasons: 1) there are things in your house generating heat (e.g. electric appliances, lights, people and animals); 2) residual heat from the walls and roof of your house radiating it back into your house; 3) if the sun is still shining, could still be heating the inside of your house faster... | [
"If it's warmer or more humid in your home, open the window. If it's colder or drier in your home, close the window. You want to be cool, and barring that, you want to be dry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What's the facts on Kwanzaa? Is it a real thing? | [
".The reasons it's a joke is that the sentiment of a new Christmas celebrating Africanness is a bit odd, those who would celebrate it probably already celebrate Christmas, and the traditions have no cultural or emotional root with people (Or historical for that matter.) Imagine if I made a new holiday up of whole c... | [
"Christmas was not such a big deal until the big department stores in NYC started pumping it up as a holiday. Until the late 1800s, Christmas was a minor holiday, and some Christian sects actively tried to prevent them from being anything other than that. After they invented the rotund Santa Claus, and made up stor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are bitcoins worth money? | [
"Bitcoin, like anything else, is worth money because we agree that it's worth money. Any value that anything has is only because someone else agrees that that something is worth trading for. The same is true of cars, diamonds, gold, and money. If it is accepted that X amount of Bitcoin is worth Y dollars, then tha... | [
"The same way Gold, US Dollars and Euros gets their value. Some people are willing to exchange a certain amount of another currency for a certain amount of Bit Coin. The people who help make these exchanges record the amounts and tell you about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did Blu-ray win the war over HD-DVD? | [
"Sony owned blu Ray. They ps3 released in 2007 I think came w a blu Ray player... That ended that. But Sony did let you bring your hddvds back and paid for blu Ray replacements. And hddvds players also you could return for bluray. I only remember that because a friend of mine at the time bought an hdvd player for h... | [
"It wouldn't be in Sony's best interests have total control over Blu-Ray because they can make a lot more money licensing the technology to other companies. EDIT: forgot to proofread."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why the asteroid in this .gif take the path that it does [particularly the parts where it speeds up and then suddenly leaves] | [
"The initial change in direction occurs because the object passes into a region of space where Earth's gravity outweighs that of the Sun. It's not a sudden change, which is why the path is curved rather than a sharp corner at this point. The final loop is special because it happened to bring the object close to the... | [
"So you know when your throw a ball it follows a curved path down back to the ground? Well the ISS is moving so fast and is so high up that it's curved path equals the curvature of the earth, so it approaches the earth just as fast the earth curves away from it, so the distance between the earth and the station rem... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science and Technology:"
} |
Why are humans so bad at growing teeth? | [
"As our brains got bigger, the shape of our jaw and mouth changed to get out of the way. This made our mouth smaller, but we continued to grow the same amount of teeth. Same number of teeth in a smaller space means they come in compact and crooked."
] | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do bees produce honey? Why is it not harmful for the hive when we steal it all? | [
"They use it as a food source through the winter. It IS harmful if we steal it all; the hive will die without it. That's why people interested in keeping the hive alive only take some, or take it all and provide them with another food source."
] | [
"The reason for this is because since wasps eat meat and are parasitic creatures by nature they do not need to produce honey as bees do. The reason that bees produce honey is so that the young larvae have something to feed on while they grow where as wasp larvae feed on the body of the host they were implanted in. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does 'humid' cold feel colder than 'dry' cold? | [
"Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air and water is a good thermal conductor so when its cold water is cold and hot water gets as well. So when its cold and humid it will feel colder than when its dry because of the moisture in the air. It also has the reverse effect hot days will feel worse when it's humid... | [
"I'm not positive, but there are two things I can think of that are in play. The first is that the thermostat may just be wrong. The other is relative humidity - when there's a lot of moisture in the air, your body's natural cooling mechanisms aren't as efficient and may cause you to lose heat faster or slower. > ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What can OSX not do that Windows and Linux can? | [
"I use all three on a regular basis and I find the pro/con arguments for each system to be a bit overblown. For the average end user there is little difference other than aesthetics. Chrome looks the same on all three operating systems, and that's about all the average person uses their computer for anymore is web ... | [
"Windows does, and has for years now. Can't comment on others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are there different screw heads? Why not just one head, used everywhere? | [
"Originally, screws were designed for flat-headed screwdrivers and were very expensive to produce. With the advent of automation in factory settings, however, screws were needed which could better stand up to the power of automated screwdrivers. Thus, the Phillips-head screw was designed to help better center the s... | [
"There is no particular superiority in strength either direction. The majority of things with threads (the grooves on your screws, nuts, fittings, etc.) just happen to be right handed threads. There do exist left handed threads however those are fairly uncommon. Source: I work in oil/gas and see both orientations i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How much is the average college partier doing to his/her body, by binge drinking every weekend over the course of four years? | [
"Follow up question: how much is that damage exacerbated by continuing for the following 8 years?"
] | [
"I'm going to bet that you're still pretty young (early 20s or so at the latest). In that case, the younger you are, the quicker your body is able to bounce back from a lack of sleep. That's why you can pull an all-nighter, and still feel good the next day. The older you get the harder this becomes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why is the sign for a dollar $ when the dollar starts with a 'D' | [
"historical reasons, it's easy to find on [wiki dollar sign](_URL_0_). there are two possibilities, it evolved from spanish peso (p^(s)) by merging of two letters and evolving into $ (like on [this](_URL_1_) picture)"
] | [
"The american dollar sign has multiple possible origins. Most tend to attribute the design to the Spanish peso, Spanish coat of arms, etc. Check out _URL_1_ for an in depth discussion of each. The Euro sign was designed to be similar in structure to the old sign for the European Currency Unit, ₠. The final design w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there so many Saudi Princes? And how many are there? | [
"There are 15,000 members of the royal family in Saudi Arabia, all princes/princesses or better. Part of this is just due to the fact that Saudi Arabia has practiced, and still practices, polygamy. The founder of modern Saudi Arabia had at roughly 100 children, 45 of them sons. His youngest was born **52 years** af... | [
"What's a Tory, and why do so many people seem to hate them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
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