query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why can't we use endo and exothermic reactions together to achieve maximum efficiency? | [
"> Wouldn't this make it 100% efficient Hahaha, no. Nothing is *ever* 100% efficient. It can't be. > because the energy is all being used rather than just dissipating? There's the rub. How will you be sure that every single erg is going into the other reaction, and that none of it will dissipate through the walls ... | [
"If one thing is hotter than its environment it cools down by distributing its energy to the environment, however what you wante to know is how heat is converted to different forms of energy if i understood correctly. The simplest example is a chemichal reaction that forms a bond between two or more atoms or molecu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does some high-voltage electronic equipment produce such a distinct humming noise? | [
"In MERICA, you hear 60 Hz (cycles of voltage per second) and it's odd harmonics (180 Hz, 300Hz...) near the power transformers. That's because the electric and magnetic field variations are causing the physical pieces parts of the transformer to flex non-linearly - vibrate slightly, and make sound waves. Tune your... | [
"The microwaves are creating an electric current through the foil. Occasionally, this electricity arcs across the foil, creating both the lights and the sound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is the process of a "natural" death? | [
"Death *by natural causes* refers solely to the absence of outside forces acting on the person. Just like the term 'old age', it is fairly non-descriptive, and could cover all sorts of varying conditions from some form of infection to any form of organ malfunction. My best wishes to you, your grandma and your famil... | [
"How would you define \"winning\" a presidential debate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If the human eye sees in 24 FPS, why does 60 seem smoother and better? | [
"The human eye has no \"FPS\". It's constantly receiving input and processing it. It's a common misconception that I see a lot on Reddit."
] | [
"If I'm not mistaken: movies and TV shows are shot at 24 frames per second. Soap operas and home videos are shot faster: 30 to 60 fps."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the document about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are firm mattresses recommended but sleeping on the floor isn't? | [
"A hard floor and a 'squishy' mattress are opposite extremes. The floor will fully support your body, but will not conform to your body shape. A mattress that is too soft will not support your body well, but will contour to your body well. Ideally, you will want a mattress that can still conform to your body but wi... | [
"We don't require a pillow. You can sleep on a flat hard surface with no pillows at all. Comfort we have now is a modern invention."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do Realtors still exist? | [
"Buying a house isn't like buying a sandwich. There's a lot of paperwork involved, inspections, negotiations, escrow, yada yada yada. People pay real estate agents to take care of that stuff."
] | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Real estate:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Real estate:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
running, sprinting, and jogging. What's the difference? | [
"Running is what you'd call the action itself; sprinting and jogging are just different speeds of running. I would say that sprinting is running as fast as you can-- think of how fast the athletes in the 100m dash at the Olympics go, or what you would do if you were being chased by a bear. Jogging, on the other ha... | [
"It’s all about the right technique, warm-ups and exercise - just like any other sport, really. Still, it is bloody impressive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Music:"
} |
Why do livestreams always have a small delay but group calls (on skype for example) don't | [
"Well, for starters, a video game stream is sending the data to sometimes *hundreds* of viewers (or more), whereas you're just sending data directly to your Skype contacts. In addition, the Skype video is likely nowhere near as high quality as the video game stream. Also, there often *is* a delay - a slight one - w... | [
"They don't? Do you mean the audio quality when calling someone? That's because communicating through actual calls *hasn't* really changed in the last 30 years. But as you can quite clearly tell if you ever call someone through VoIP, or just watched a youtube video, speakers and microphones are much better on newer... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do broken GIFs work ... or don't work... ? | [
"[There's a link in the sidebar](_URL_0_) of the subreddit you linked to. TL;DR videos are compressed by storing only the difference between subsequent frames, instead of storing the whole frame. These frames are called \"P-frames\". However, when there's a significant change between two frames (like when the shot ... | [
"Because this is my machine and right now it *finally* works how I want it. If it ain't broke, don't fix it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why Semi Truck Trailers have 2 wheels next to each other? | [
"There are two sets of wheels (and more importantly, two axles) at the back so that the load is distributed. What that means is that each one carries a part of the weight. Think of it like carrying something heavy with a friend. The front of the trailer is supported by the cab, which usually also has the double set... | [
"Big trucks have Big engines. Big engines make lots of heat. All cars and trucks have a part called a Radiator. The Radiator is where all the heat from the Engine goes. The Radiator is put just inside the front of the Car or Truck so the air can take the heat away as the Car or Truck drives. Big Trucks have Big eng... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that some words are not capitalized (ex. the, to, a, an) in title of books or movies? | [
"[Rule 16A](_URL_0_) Below are the basic rules when it comes to whether or not something is capitalized in a title: * Capitalize the title's first and last word. * Capitalize verbs, including all forms of the verb to be (is, are, was, etc.). * Capitalize all pronouns, including it, he, who, that, etc. * Capitalize ... | [
"As with the rest of the English language, lol no. Historic/historical: if something is historic, it is unique, interesting, noteworthy, as in historic landmark, historic event, historic peace treaty, whereas historical simply means it exists in history, as in historical event, historical marker, historical literat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If I had a stake in some company and my stock was valued at $30 Billion. How would I go about getting that money if i decided to sell? | [
"Yeah. You basically own a bunch of stuff that people pay a total of $30B for. It would be the same as if you owned $30B worth of chairs. Its just stock is easier to sell than chairs."
] | [
"The stock market just keeps tabs on what people are willing to pay for a certain stock and that depends on what people think the company's future (ROI as in return on investment) looks like. Usually what gets lost in a market turmoil is the faith of the investors in what they deem to be overpriced stocks so they w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
heart murmur (for instant on cats) | [
"Your heart has valves that open and close to allow blood into a chamber and to stop blood from entering. A murmur occurs when a valve doesn't close completely which allows blood to leak extra blood into the chamber. You can usually hear a murmur with a stethoscope. To go along with the \"lub-dub\" sound a person w... | [
"Hard wiring going into the period that she should become pregnant. Hormonal changes during tell her that sex will help with the pain. And entry nerve ending is more sensitive. (Easier orgasms)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do skin grafts work? | [
"\" how does that help the area you took it from.\" It doesn't hurt it because you only take a small amount. It's more like gary has two apples, and both of your apples explode, so now you're going to starve. Gary gives you one apple so you won't starve, and now only has one apple. BUT NEITHER YOU OR GARY WILL DIE... | [
"Also to flood the area with white blood cells to aid the healing process."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is “aren’t” the right word to say for “aren’t I” when that is literally “are not I”? For instance, it would be “Why are not I asleep” | [
"Because it is a conjugate pronoun/adverb. If that makes any sense. \"Why aren't beds firmer\" \"Why are not beds firmer\" \"Why are beds not firmer\""
] | [
"If you can replace the word with \"he\" or \"she\" use who. If you can replace the word with \"him\" or \"her\" use whom. I don't know about whilst, my girlfriend says it's interchangeable. Whilst just makes you feel fancier"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Language and grammar:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Language and grammar:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What happens in a bipolar person's brain causes them to go "manic" or "depressed"?? | [
"I'm bipolar 2, and no doctor has ever given me the same answer as another doctor. It's one of those things where they don't know the direct cause, but they know how to treat it (success widely varies due to so many factors). Most doctors think it's a combination of genetics and past experiences which cause bipolar... | [
"There is. the opposite of being depressive is being manic. Sometimes they combine (like when someone is bi-polar) but a person can be manic without being depressive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What would happen if you were being legitimately brutalised by police and fought back and won? | [
"If it was taped, you'd have a chance. Otherwise, you're screwed."
] | [
"You would be taken down be secret service, quickly removed from the area and interrogated to figure out why you did what you did. Once they determined that you were just someone that \"wanted to see what would happen if you hit the president\" you would be released to the local authorities to be prosecute to the f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the health differences between masturbation and having sexual intercourse | [
"Well, when it comes to prostate cancer, it is frequent ejaculation that lowers the risk of it. Now, whether you get that via sex or masturbation doesn't make a difference. (though sex carries some other risks such as STIs if you are not familiar with your partner's sexual history) > As part of Harvard’s Health Pr... | [
"Because if sex is not pleasant for them, the men are much less likely to ejaculate into their vaginas."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do restaurants (not food chains) make enough money to go around? Considering all the expenses, food, rent, bills, salaries etc it feels like an owner wouldn't be able to make enough money for it all to go around. (I'm mostly thinking of Europe where you pay salaries to the waiters) | [
"Most restaurants are the equivalent of a mid-to-low wage job for its owners. And you don't need to profit that much to reach that level. Along with these, you also have restaurants that are just a hobby for its owners (think a bar owned by someone that made money in finance). And you also have a good chuck of naiv... | [
"You do. You tip your hairdresser, the vallet, pizza guy, the bellhop, bartender etc. In case you didn't know, food servers are not paid a \"salary,\" they live off of tips. This is a cultural norm and employers don't have to pay them a wage because it's understood that they make their money in tips. Yes, they pay ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What would happen if I had two exactly identical phones, carrying identical SIM cards... | [
"phones continually ping the cell tower telling the tower \"i am phone 123456, do you have any data for me\" \"no\" if you had two phones both saying \"i am 123456\" the first one that asks the tower will get \"yes, you do, here it is\" the second one will get \"no\""
] | [
"Technologically, they don't. It's a feature to have easily removable phone credentials that are independent from any particular phone and don't rely on a phone to exist (for example in situations where you don't have two phones simultaneously to transition them)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Technology:"
} |
Why can men orgasm and ejaculation without masturbation, having sex and nocturnal emission? | [
"Sex is physically nearly the same as masturbation, so far as the penis is concerned. In fact sex is the reason we ejaculate, as that is how we get the semen into the woman to fertilize her egg. As for nocturnal emissions. That is a result of a prolonged period of not ejaculating, physical stimulation of bed sheet... | [
"It's a small bit of fluid and mucus from two different glands that are activated when a man gets aroused, it acts as a way to lubricate and change the acidity of the vagina to ensure that sperm survives for fertilization. Men have no control over it, and it leaves the urethra during both masturbation and intercour... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does smell travel through the air? | [
"Things that are known to be smelly often release airborne molecules, tiny little particles easily carried by air flow. For example, a freshly brewed cup of coffee releases tiny molecules that your nose picks up. Poop does the same. That's why we use water in our toilets! The water traps most of those molecules, r... | [
"Smell is processed by the same part of your brain that deals with memory and emotions. So the three are linked from birth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happened to local co-op in games? Aside from the Internet (of course). | [
"A local coop game requires more processing power to render the game from multiple viewpoints. As the last generation of consoles dragged on longer and longer, developers were having problems making the game continue to make the game look better and better while also leaving enough ram and processing power for the ... | [
"Because now you can play demos for free over the internet on the major consoles, through Xbox Live and the PS network."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do commercials for prescription drugs have happy imagery contrasted with dangerous side effects? | [
"The happy imagery is designed to get you to want the product they are selling. The dangerous side affects is to conform to federal regulations related to advertising of medications."
] | [
"Short answer: because they can't use the TV to show what the stuff smells like. Long answer: because they want to make sure that the brand is cemented into your mind in a slightly positive way, so they flood the senses with imagery related to sexuality, pleasant activity, and intrigue, which gets you to remember t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What would happen to you if you fell through a tunnel going through the centre of the Earth? | [
"You'd smack into the side of the tunnel. Coriolis force. But *ignoring* that — in our imagination, the Earth is not spinning … and it's perfectly spherical and uniform … and it's entirely alone in the whole universe … and the tunnel has no air in it … and also all cows are spherical — you'd fall all the way throug... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does it hurt to touch your pupil, but not the white part of your eye? | [
"Pain is your body saying that something bad is happening. If it hurts more it means you can damage something easier. Also- stop touching your eye..."
] | [
"They do it to see the back of the inside of your eye through your pupil. They can determine whether you are at risk for glaucoma, among other things, this way. Edit: the veins you see are on the front of the inside of your eye. You can see them because of the light reflected off the back."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is sugar the unhealthiest carb if all the other carbs get broken down into sugar anyway? | [
"sugar IS a carb, but not all carbs are sugars. BUT all carbs are MADE of sugar. Basically, glucose and other simple sugars can chain together to form 'complex carbohydrates' like starch. Those complex carbs take more energy to break down, because first you have to basically unzip them into the more simple sugars l... | [
"Processed aka simple carbohydrates are very quickly and easily broken down into simple sugar molecules. Excess sugar is stored as fat. Whole wheat sources have carbohydrates in them, but they also have a lot of fiber. Fiber is what we call the parts of food that your body can't digest. Those calories aren't absorb... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that when I squeeze the sides of my shampoo bottle it sucks air in, but when I squeeze the front and back shampoo comes out? | [
"It took me a second to figure out the situation you are describing, but I think I get it now. You're talking about a certain shape of shampoo bottle, the kind that's pretty flat, not the cylindrical kind. When you squeeze the sides of the bottle, you are actually increasing the space inside the bottle, and making ... | [
"Do you know how when you hold the end of the straw in your juice box? And when you pull the straw out it still holds juice? Same thing. Now stop playing with your juice"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't things like the Westboro Baptist Church and the such get arrested for hate speech? | [
"No, there are no hate speech laws. You are entitled to say anything you like provided that it is not a direct threat."
] | [
"The First Amendment protects their right to be crazy. It doesn't however, protect the person who decides to destroy their property."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why aren't glaciers and ice caps made of frozen salt water? | [
"The biggest reason is that salt water doesn't keep its salt when it evaporates. Only the fresh water part turns to vapour and it leaves the salt behind. So you have only fresh water in clouds. Those clouds produce the snow that falls on mountains and the poles where it's colder, and forms glaciers and ice caps res... | [
"You're right about ice that's floating in the ocean. But a lot of the ice is in glaciers on land. When that melts, the resulting water flows into the ocean."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why do employers prefer multiple part time employees over less full time? | [
"If they work more than 29 hours a week, the company is responsible for providing them health insurance. That is really expensive. Much more cost effective to have multiple part time employees that you don't have to pay for their health insurance."
] | [
"Not all part time jobs provide the same number of hours week in, week out. In fact there are plenty of part time jobs where the employee nominates their hours. They give the full time annual salary as this never changes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What does each part of a computer actually do? | [
"Motherboard: Connects everything together. RAM: Stores information for the processor, reads and writes REALLY fast Processor: Makes decisions, runs programs. The 'heart' of your computer. Hard Disk/SSD: Stores stuff when computer is off. Slower then RAM. GPU: Renders 3d graphics and does parallel computing type st... | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do cops wear oxford shoes rather than running/sports shoes? Wouldn't they be more mobile with the latter? | [
"The dress codes vary from department to department and have been evolving for a long time. Most officers I know now (pretty high number, nature of my job) favor all black boots on duty. Not western style boots, more of a military / hiking / trail runner style that is pretty comfortable, provides ankle support and... | [
"The traction on the bottom of shoes is intended to stop you from slipping, especially on smooth surfaces. Hiking and winter boots especially need good traction, but your average pair of sneaks needs some, too. Since they're going to put designs all over them anyway, some shoe companies have fun with it and include... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If I access the internet on my own phone through the companies wi-fi, can they see what I've been browsing and does this create any legal worries? | [
"Yes they can see everything that goes through. If you're using SSL they'll only have the websites visited, not logins or anything like that. I personally don't trust any public hotspot or access point. If I need to do anything remotely sensitive (that requires a login) I route through my home VPN or use 4G/LTE. L... | [
"In short, no. Usually you are only tracked for data purposes, and for ads. And even then, your data is protected, companies take precautions when storing the data. For me, it is a sense of safety that companies do not track me online. Sometimes for other people, they want to be anonymous because they are researchi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are telecom companies allowed to be regional monopolies without antitrust lawsuits and being broken up ala Bell? | [
"Three things: 1, a monopoly in and of itself is not illegal. It is only when you abuse your monopoly position that it becomes a problem. 2, back when all this was happening the internet wasn't a real thing. The internet has grown into something near essential but back in the day your cable company brought you HBO,... | [
"The US Government *did* have trouble prosecuting Microsoft. They investigated repeatedly throughout the 90's, but they only got a slap on the wrist by the European Union and nothing more than a finger waving by the US DoJ... if anti-trust laws still had any teeth they would have been split into a couple companies ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the ends of my fingers hurt after i cut my fingernails "too short"? | [
"The nails are still attached to the nail bed. When you clip too short you damage living tissue and aggravate the nerves therein."
] | [
"Biologist here to talk about hangnails! Never thought I'd be saying that. So we tend to get hangnails more during the winter months. Our skin and nails get dry and more brittle due to the cold, dry air. If you wear nailpolish and are using remover frequently or other harsh chemicals this can also cause hangnails ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do things floating in pools, lakes etc, tend to eventually float toward the edge? | [
"Lakes and pools have water surrounded by edges in all directions. If something that is floating has any sort of momentum, it will eventually get to one of the edges."
] | [
"Gravity. Water is polar so it forms a strong surface tension, the oil is less dense so it sits on top. Gravity makes the oil naturally tend to \"puddle\" on top of the water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Please explain utilitarianism to me like I'm 5. | [
"There's this Cookie Monster, and he's obsessed with getting cookies. Whatever gets him the most cookies is what makes him the happiest. So if by taking a cookie from someone, the Cookie Monster can get two cookies, even though the person you took the cookie from is losing a cookie, there's still a net gain of one ... | [
"Explain my rights to me... like I'm five?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why aren't animal with larger brains (like elephants, blue whales) smarter than humans? | [
"You might also ask why a dump truck isn't faster than a sports car, even though it has a bigger engine. A lot of the brain's real estate is tied up in controlling and monitoring the body...the bigger the body, the more brain you need to keep track of it. The more telling value is the brain mass to body mass ratio... | [
"The ecological niches formerly occupied by dinosaurs were taken over by the creatures that survived the mass extinction. So now instead of big dinosaur carnivores like t-rex, we have big mammalian carnivores like lions, tigers, polar bears, killer whales, and fish like great white and bull sharks. If all mammals b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are black Americans referred to as "African Americans" even if they are not African? | [
"The term became popular in the mid-20th century when African-Americans became more politically active. Part of that was an attempt to connect with the African heritage that they had been stripped of when they were brought to America as slaves. So, they began referring to themselves as African-Americans, like Irish... | [
"It's too broad. Under that you could say I'm a European-American, but to be honest I don't really see myself as European at all despite my ancestry. I just wish we didn't classify race at all and just went by nationality. If you are a US citizen, you are an American. If you are an Australian citizen, you are Austr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why didn't the Nazis pack winter clothing when they invaded Russia? | [
"Operation Barbarossa, what the Nazis called the invasion of the Soviet Union, was based on something called the \"Marcks Plan\". Marcks' plan envisioned that the conquest of everything up to and including Moscow would be finished within nine to seventeen weeks. The invasion was originally intended to be launched i... | [
"1. They were ratted out, by neighbors, by records kept by the government, by other jews who were tortured etc. 2. Can't hide a circumcision. 3. Many spoke yiddish, and had a tell-tale accent. 4. Many tried to hide as gentiles, but were hunted down. 5. Many didn't anticipate that it would come to extermination when... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about History:"
} |
How did it come to be that Japanese Books/Comics/Manga are read from right-to-left, rather than left-to-right? | [
"Japanese is traditionally written right to left, but vertically as well. The Chinese gave them their writing system, which evolved into the Japanese alphabets. They also write right to left."
] | [
"A mirror reflects front-to-back - not left-to-right or top-to-bottom. Does that make sense?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does it make sense that I get 100 ms ping on New York servers from the west coast but I get 150 ms on London servers even though it's twice the distance away? | [
"Latency has more to do with the number of hops the information has to make than it does the total distance. So: > LA - Chicago - NYC Isn't really significantly different than say: > LA - Chicago - NYC - London If there aren't too many added hops between NY and the UK (and there probably aren't considering NYC an... | [
"Wireless can cause packets of data to be lost, which might cause a little bit of lag, so try to use a wired connection if possible. Often, it comes down to the location of the server. Being from the UK, when I play on a Uk game server I tend to get about 6ms of lag. Playing against people in the US I'd get at leas... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are underwater tunnels made without flooding and killing the workers? | [
"They don't build the tunnel through the water, they dig *under* the rock that's under the water. [Here is a diagram](_URL_0_) so you can see what it looks like."
] | [
"Earthquakes are still a problem. Things can still errode underground. Proper ventilation would be an issue. Then you have to dig a massive hole in the ground. Thats not cheap. You have to make sure the underground part can support the earth around it. Theres no natural lighting. There cant be any windows or views.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Stephen Hawking's speech translator work? | [
"He uses a muscle in his cheek (iirc) to move a pointer and select words on a screen. If he has a long speech, he prepares it in advance, because this is not a quick process."
] | [
"Computer scientists have been discussing what computer self awareness would even look like for 60 years so simple answer is we still don't know."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
EL15: Why do I automatically fear for my safety when a group of strangers on the street is laughing? | [
"It's probably down to projection of dominance of a wider than normal area. Group of guys chatting, just walk past with usual personal space distances. Add laughter and it asserts that they feel a much wider area is their personal space that they feel comfortable in, therefore, when you walk past you are entering t... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are ears shaped the way they are? | [
"Mostly just because natural selection doesn't select for specific or perfect features, just for what works."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does overclocking require an increase in voltage? | [
"Power is the SI unit that is the rate of work. The unit is in Watts per hour. It takes the same amount of energy to move from here to there, but to do it in half the time requires more power. Voltage is a ratio of atoms with a shit ton of electrons to give up on one side of the potential (the negative side), and a... | [
"Many motherboards will decrease CPU and GPU performance when it gets too hot. This is to prevent damaging the chip. Also, heat will wear the microcomponents inside the chip. However, heat really won't affect the performance of the chip, not regarding the motherboard's automatic underclocking and decrease of using ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are some videos on YouTube 1-2 hours long and others are broken into 10 minute increments? | [
"I believe it used to be the case that you could only upload 10 min. long videos unless you were an \"advanced\" youtuber that e.g. had a substantial number of subscribers or high quality content. Some educational videos purposely make their videos 10 min. long to enforce a \"break\" between videos as to not put t... | [
"The downloading happens in parts, not chronologically. For example, first the 400th of the 1000 parts is downloaded, after that the 900th and so on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it such a big deal to require voters to provide photo ID when it is expected for other daily tasks? | [
"A lot of it has to do with older people, they usually vote and they either have lost their ID from years of living life or didn't have transportation to get to locations to get a new voter ID or renew their old one. Since a lot of older people vote its much more difficult for them to get to the voting booth let al... | [
"I know that my state, Pennsylvania, which is one of the Voter ID states, announced that they are giving out free photo IDs that can be used for voting to anyone who doesn't have a driver's license or another state-issued photo ID, so in PA at least, they already are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to create a true "chrome finish" for home craft projects? | [
"The process of painting something is not like electroplating. When you try to paint anything chrome, you are putting a layer of material over an object. Think like plastic wrap. Plating metal with chrome is a process that actually uses chrominum to form a bond with the material with electric current. Its a totally... | [
"You could learn how to make a rudimentary, but working copy. Then start looking for investors"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can be build custom PCs but not custom phones? | [
"Phone makers work so hard to make them ultra compact, that there is no spare room for extra components or even for removable plugs."
] | [
"Because those devices are running a firmware which prohibits installment of third party software. It is of course possible to hack a way through but those tend to be patched. Also, operating systems can't run with proper drivers for the hardware in the device and the PS4 and XBOX one are filled with custom silicon... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do so many humans require glasses? | [
"This has been asked before, though I'll admit a simple search has a mediocre but acceptable signal to noise ratio. Try _URL_4_. But a quick answer is that we do unnatural things like reading, while evolution selected for distance activities like hunting."
] | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why do I sweat so easily and more profusely than others? | [
"People who are in shape sweat more and more easily than people who are not in shape/not used to physical exertion. Don't be embarrassed, just realize it's because you're a better physical specimen than most people are. But don't be narcissistic about it."
] | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What is the difference between a customer and a client? | [
"A customer is a person that buys stuff or services off you, so you are pretty much in charge. A client is a person that hires you to solve their problems, so they are in charge."
] | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does "modern art" tend to be more about the idea behind the art instead of the art itself? | [
"The camera and photography occurred. Most art before the invention of the camera was for duplicating and capturing life-like images. Why hire a painter to paint a portrait when a photo will do? Now that we can capture images perfectly, art has to focus on things that aren't so easily captured: emotions and ideas."... | [
"The viewer determines what art is, generally. Art is a pretty subjective field, so what one person thinks is often very different from another. Some of the criteria that critics use to justify their judgements are novelty, whether the subject of the art is well-expressed, and the meaning behind the piece."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How did Islam become so subject to extremism? | [
"> I mean, you don't exactly see, or at least hear about, many Christian, Buddhist, or Hindi suicide bombers. How did this come to be? It came to be, because we don't report everything equally. Things that are more pertinent, or more engaging to an American/Western audience (read, threats to americans/westerners) g... | [
"First of all, you have to realize that Saudi Arabia or ISIS don't represent the vast, varied, and complex religion that is Islam. Many women don't wear the hijab, or other veils. Of those that do, many choose to do so, and see it as empowering, rather than oppressive. With that said, in places like Saudi Arabia, i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If my domestic water pressure is 20 psi, and I install a 20 psi water pump on the mains, will the resulting pressure be 20 psi or 40 psi and why? | [
"It depends on the pump, since it might *try* to increase the pressure from 20 psi to 40 psi, but fail to do so for some practical reason e.g. inability to handle 40 psi. I have seen camper pumps that have pressure switches to detect when the inlet is pressurised past a certain point, implying that it changes the p... | [
"When you're sucking it through a pipe the max pressure you can get is determined by the pressure on the other end. One end of the pipe can never drop below pure vacuum (0 psi) so if the other is in water which is exposed to air then you only have 14.7 psi to work with. About as much pressure as a 10 meter column o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do militaries in multi-lingual countries (eg. Canada, Belgium) operate? | [
"In Canada at least, mostly everything is done in English as far as I know. I believe there are squads (or the equivalent) which are specifically designated as francophone for soldiers who speak french, but I'm pretty sure these (if they still exist) make-up only a very small percentage of the armed forces and prob... | [
"Because English was the dominant language of the superpowers of the 19th (UK) and 20th (USA) centuries. Countries tend to not change their language, no matter how shitty it is, unless they have to."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Luxembourg one of the wealthiest countries in the world? How could a country with such a small population and limited resources accumulate so much wealth? | [
"It's like Switzerland or the Caymans, to some extent. A lot of people in Europe use it as a tax haven, so there's a lot of banking going on. They're fairly lax on business regulations too, so a lot of companies, Ebay and Skype included, have their headquarters located in Luxembourg. So, all these high-paying jobs ... | [
"Norway has a ton of valuable resources (oil, minerals, natural gas) but a very small population (The greater Chicago area has nearly double the population of Norway). This means that it has a very small population to support and a massive tax revenue to play with."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is happening when my foot falls asleep? | [
"I always thought the blood flow was interrupted."
] | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If heat rises, why is it cold on top Mount Everest? | [
"First of all, this question has been asked many times in many ways. Do a search. Yes warm air rises. It is not actually heat rising. It is warm air rising. You notice that on the human scale. You feel the warm air rising. Your about six feet tall, not a hundred or a thousand feet tall. As the warm air rises it bec... | [
"Clouds are just water vapor. It's just fog that's high up in the sky. So the answers to all your questions are the same as the answer to \"what would happen if you poured water outdoors while it was foggy?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does English have to explicitly specify whether a descriptive word describes a noun or a verb? | [
"Largely because of her diet, Carol was grumpy. Large because of her diet, Carol was grumpy. These two sentences mean different things. The difference between adverbs and adjectives matters."
] | [
"Is it technically correct? I would think that would depend very much on the rest of the sentence. I've always thought that \"Data\" was a collective noun. Collective nouns are only plural when you're talking about the members of the set, they're singular when using them to talk about the collection as a whole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are there oil reserves? Why is there a huge amount of oil all together as opposed to it all being spread out? | [
"Oil is less dense than rock, which means that the pressure of the Earth pushes it upwards, like how oil floats on water. Sooner or later, the oil encounters rock it can't pass through, and gets stuck. More and more oil gets stuck behind this rock, forming an oil reserve."
] | [
"Each spot is its own colony of mould arising from a single organism which are distributed randomly across the surface of the food. It ends up being a carpet of mould with lots of colonies all growing together over time. To get an even coverage, the organism would have to be evenly spread across the surface right f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is my bathroom always cooler than the rest of my house? | [
"Your toilet is a heatsink. The water in the bowl and the water in the tank (assuming you have a tanked toilet) enter the room at a temperature lower than the rest of your house (because the water is piped in from under the ground where it's cool). The air in the bathroom will slowly heat up that water, but every t... | [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do humans get pimples? | [
"Pimples are simply infected clogged pores in the skin. Other mammals get them, but humans have rather strange skin for mammals and so we get strange pimples. Asking 'why' we evolved a thing is always conjecture, but in this case it seems to be like asking 'why' we evolved to have absessed teeth, or ingrown toe-nai... | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Who manufactures the 'store-brand' goods? | [
"Usually, one company creates things and another markets them. Thus Safeway can order their store-brand cereal from the same place General Mills does. Perhaps they change up the recipe if its patented, but it's similar stuff in a different box."
] | [
"Because no one exports the shitty store-brand version of European products."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does Google Maps suggest the same quicker route to everyone? | [
"It's self-limiting. That route, if congested to a high degree, will no longer be the fastest route, right? At that point, Google will stop sending people along that route and choose another."
] | [
"I use Android, but it does the same thing. I think it just uses GPS to figure out where you spend time everyday and makes an educated guess."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why in the modern world do we still do vaginal birthing? | [
"It was recently discovered that natural births pass on all kinds of beneficial bacteria that c-sections do not."
] | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do vibrations dissipate? If I were to crash cymbals in space would they ever stop vibrating? | [
"Some of the energy from the change in shape turns into heat. In metals, this tendsto not be much. In rubbers and plastics it is a lot more. Vibrations are things moving back and forth. Imagine a ball on a spring. You push it and the spring moves, then it comes back to (almost) where you pushed it. It keeps going b... | [
"We hear sounds by our ear drum vibrating. So if something is not producing a vibration we, by definition, can't hear it. It doesn't so much matter if the \"source\" is vibrating, but *something* needs to make our eardrums vibrate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
what exactly is a Superheterodyne Reciever used for, and what does it do? | [
"It's just a particular way of building a radio. It used to be a big deal, these days it's pretty much standard. If it's WW2 vintage, it's probably only AM and [shortwave](_URL_1_). [This post](_URL_0_) is asking about *how* a radio works."
] | [
"What exactly do you refers to as RF devices? Is it Radio Frequency? If that is the case Bluetooth would be included as it is a Radio Communication."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does something with a lot of sugar in it (cake, cookie, candy etc...) taste sweeter than just pure sugar? | [
"The answer is salt. Adding a little salt makes the glucose receptors more sensitive. When I make apple sauce, I add a little salt which means I don't have to add any sugar to make it sweeter. _URL_0_"
] | [
"I think it is just texture and flavor. Not many people like to eat anything in pure powder form. That said, pixie sticks are basically just sugar with flavoring, so the texture might not be that big of a problem. Still, most people like sugar in different forms. If you take pure sugar, mix it with water, and boil ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If I lift appropriately heavy weights I REALLY can't do any more than say 10. How come if I then wait just 30 seconds I can squeeze out a few more? | [
"Your body needs to breathe if you will. Your muscles and every other cell in your body needs oxygen (this is why we breathe). Normally your cells use aerobic respiration(making energy by using oxygen) to power your muscles for the reps but if you are really working out you'll use up your oxygen supply faster than ... | [
"Pumping works more muscles quicker than just holding them. I guess theoretically you could just hold them but it would take twice as long to get the desired workout."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If someone donates a kidney and the recipient dies a few years later, can the original donor get their kidney back? | [
"The transplanted kidney would have taken damage from being transplanted in another person's body. The person who gave the kidney would have had their other kidney get bigger to compensate for the loss of one of their kidneys. There would be little to no benefit/ probably a lot more harm in trying to give back the ... | [
"Not everyone is a donor. Even if they're a donor, depending on the circumstances of their death, not every organ is in a good enough condition to transplant into a waiting patient. Also, if they're a donor and their family says no, it means no."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does a re-lit cigar taste much more foul than a fresh one? | [
"The chemical structure of tobacco is changed when it's heated up, and it doesn't revert to its original state when it cools down again. It's this effect that changes the flavour. Sorry I can't explain in any more detail than that."
] | [
"I believe you can, it's just that cigar smoke tends to be rougher and thicker as there is no filter. Also, a cigar contains *a lot* more tobacco, therefore nicotine. If you do inhale a full cigar, you'll probably get slight nicotine poisoning, and you'll just feel nauseous and light headed if you are not used to s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What Herd immunity is and how it works. | [
"There are 100 animals in a pen. 99 of them have been immunized. 1 hasn't. The likelihood of the 1 getting sick is practically 0% because there are no other animals that could bring the disease into the pen."
] | [
"Why? No one knows. How? No one knows. But it's well understood what the consequences are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why chapstick is also sunscreen | [
"Simply put, it is in order to prevent sunburn on your lips. This actually happens to people and can worsen chapped lips or be the reason you are using chapstick in the first place."
] | [
"Lotion absorbs more quickly to moisturize, while Chapstick is formulated to seal in moisture (it's waxier). It'd be kind of gross to put pants on after applying Chapstick to your legs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how do Americans do math | [
"The same you would do with any fraction. You convert it into decimals. 7/8 becomes .875 millimeters, inches, or even gigooks doesn't change that"
] | [
"Because people think they are the best. Do you want to enumerate your concerns?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is it not possible to mentally "think yourself" into having feelings similar to the effects of MDMA? | [
"Meditation can work. I will focus on an object until I can feel my pulse through my finger tips and my heart beat is kinda rocking me back and forth. Then I go for a walk. Moving and looking at things is pretty fantastic then."
] | [
"Is this research before you acquire your first human form? How can you not have ever experienced different levels of fatigue yourself? Your cover has been blown as an android. Being groggy can be thought of as brain fatigue, where it gets tired just like the rest of your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why do antibiotics make you sunburn more easily? | [
"Antibiotics are poisonous to bacteria. When some drugs (including tetracycline antibiotics) break down in sunlight, they become harmful to human cells. It's not enough to poison your whole body, but you'll get a [chemical sunburn](_URL_0_). Different substances cause an allergic rash in combination with sunlight.... | [
"They dry out your eyes and can lead to infection."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The science of soap! | [
"Oil and water don't mix. But! Soap sticks to both, so when you run water over your hands, the dirt and grease goes with the water instead of stubbornly hanging out on your filthy skin. ^_^"
] | [
"Advertising, selling info, and premium versions of the free stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
What causes a company's stocks to go up or down every day? How is it related to a stock exchange? | [
"A company’s stock price is merely its perceived value to people and how much people think it’s worth. The price of a stock is not definitively based upon whether a company is doing well or poorly - but that is generally the case as to what drives people’s notions on the value. Example 1: company has booming sales... | [
"A person's willingness to pay for it. Just like when you go to the supermarket and choose to buy item X but item Y is too expensive. Stocks are the same thing; I have a bunch of stock for company A and want to sell it; I want to get as much money as possible for it whereas anyone trying to buy it wants to get it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why would they have bromonated vegetable oils (BVO) in soft drinks? | [
"It keeps the citrus flavor oils from separating from the sugar water and floating to the top. Bromine is chosen for its weight and its ability to combine with other chemicals."
] | [
"Because fountain soda and bottled soda often have different formulations. Diet Coke for instance is sweetened with aspartame in cans and bottles, but the fountain syrup also has saccharin because it has a longer shelf life than aspartame."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do hard drives save data? | [
"the hard drive is composed of a metal disk that can rotate, and a \"head\" that can move over the surface of the metal disk. The hard drive \"writes\" data by using an electromagnet to magentize or de-magnetize spots on the surface of the metal disk. Later, to \"read\" the data, it can move the head over these sam... | [
"No, it is not. A USB drive stores data in the form of electrical charge and it doesn't have any practical weight on the scale of the device."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what are chickenpox and why does everyone get it and only once? | [
"It's a virus, and typically with viruses, you only get it once. Then your body has made antibodies for it so it can fight off the virus if you're exposed again. However, your body doesn't completely cure you of the virus. The virus stays dormant in your nerve tissues. Then, years later, it can resurface, but inste... | [
"i have this too! especially if i’ve been inside all day and step out into bright light. when I was little, my mom used to tell me to look at the light if I had to sneeze. i’ve given that advice to my friends and everyone looks at me like I’m crazy. Only recently did I find out that it’s genetic and only happens in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If we know exactly how cancer begins and we know the process by which it spreads, why are we no closer to eliminating it? | [
"Let's take a step back, what is cancer? Cancer is when a cell rapidly and uncontrollably replicates, thus forming tumors. Then what causes this rapid division? A screw up somewhere within the DNA when transcription/translation happens. Basically, cancer is a genetic fuck up that causes rapid division, knowing this... | [
"Essentially cancer. Studies show that as you age the risk of getting cancer increases significantly which is why you see all sorts of ads telling you to get checked regularly after 50. We have gotten okay at fighting cancer but really when someone gets put on treatment for cancer really they still are just hoping ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
The Kennedy Assassination "Magic Bullet" theory | [
"People believe that for Oswald to have shot both President Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally with the same bullet it would require some outside force like magic. They look to the fact that Kennedy was sitting directly behind Connally. They say that at the angle Oswald shot at it would be impossible for the ... | [
"Star Wars Episode VII: The Jar Jar Binks Adventures"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does bread cook with a dark, thin crust? Shouldn't it cook and get gradually lighter closer to the center? | [
"The surfaces of most breads are glazed with something like egg wash (egg and water), butter/oil, or some other means to enhance the browning of the crust. Even without that however, the dough-ball is not a homogeneous (uniform throughout) and the inside is much wetter than the skin, which is quite dry. The hot dry... | [
"Same reason you punch holes on the top of a pie -- the help the cracker bake evenly -- without them, you'd have big puffy crackers that would either be burned on the outside and properly cooked in the middle, or raw in the middle and properly cooked on the edges."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is it easier to get sick in cold weather rather than warm weather? | [
"Two reasons that I know of, cold weather holds less moisture so nasal membranes dry out, making them more susceptible to the cold virus, and people tend to stay indoors cooped up together."
] | [
"I'm no expert, but I do know it's harder for you to wake up and feel energized during the middle of REM sleep"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Health:"
} |
Was everyone just smelly before the invention of modern cleaning products? | [
"Pretty much. People who lived in the woods would bathe in lakes or rivers and that can get you pretty clean. They would use plants like the luffah to rub on their skin as a scrub. Rich people were able to have bathes. However, besides that there were a lot of people who had a hard time getting the amount of clean ... | [
"Advertising in the 1950s basically invented it to sell grills. Similar to how advertising invented the concept of B.O. to sell deodorant, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How is the average number of sex partners different for men and women | [
"There are a bunch of factors that you're not considering. First, people lie about how many sex partners they've had. Different genders probably lie at different rates, given the prevailing cultural values around sex. Second, homosexual and bisexual people are generally included in these studies. The rate of homose... | [
"I don’t think we fully know. One likely contributor is the differences in sex hormones between men and women. The statistics we have right now suggest that migraine effects about 17% of women and 6% of men each year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why haven't eggs being marketed by Brands as they have done with milk? | [
"Eggs are a commodity - generally people dont look for labels, they buy whatever is cheapest becuase consumers really dont think there is a difference between one egg brand or another...eggs are eggs. Egg farmers know this, so instead of trying to get consumers to buy one brand over another, they all pay money into... | [
"It's advertising, as to suggest that they are so great that there's more to it than simply consuming them as a snack. In reality, however, you generally do just eat them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is the stereotyp e, "a woman's place is in the kitchen" not carried over to ctual kitchen jobs, like chef, sous chef, line cook etc which are usually all male and exclude women? | [
"Because the point of the stereotype is that the woman is staying at home, in her personal kitchen, cooking for her family and not doing paid work. It comes from the \"ideal family\" of the fifties and earlier, where the wife would stay at home and maintain the house while the husband went off and made money."
] | [
"Because trades aren't highly regarded in public perception. Despite the cat they can also be highly paying jobs they're not \"desirable\" and largely get ignored when discussing equality in the work force."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how do cemeteries work? When you buy a plot can you do whatever you want with it? if the cemetery falls into disrepair does it breach a contract? | [
"You only have the rights granted to you by whatever agreement you sign with the cemetery. Generally, there are two rights: the right of the deceased to be buried there, and the right of the family to visit and prevent its desecration. Cemeteries are required to maintain the plots and could probably suffer criminal... | [
"Because they haven't. Cemeteries have become more and more of a nuisance, ask any urban planer or city developer their opinions on cemeteries? Burial plots are crazy expensive (that's not even considering the cost for a funeral as whole,) are allotted only for a specific time, charges maintenance fee's. If those c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is Kim Jong-Un's plan? Why is he flexing for a war he won't win? | [
"He's attempting to be in a position in which war with NK means huge losses for South Korea and US. His conventional army is big enough to inflict lots of deaths and material losses. Add weapons of mass destruction to this and war with him would be not worth overthrowing him."
] | [
"If the things North Korea did made sense, they wouldn't be North Korea."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is our heart on the left side of our chest, instead of in the center? | [
"Well, it is in the middle - kind of - but leans a bit to the left. You could also ask why the stomach is on the left, or why the liver is on the right. Organs that we only have one of cannot all fit exactly in the middle lest we have a very long torso. As far as I know there is no particular biological reason for ... | [
"You have two ears located on each side of your head, not one in the center of your forehead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do people say 'Cheese' when taking a photo? | [
"Saying the \"EE\" noise looks like smiling. Why it's specifically cheese and not like breeze or please or any other EE word I do not know"
] | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why 1T hdd for a desktop PC its so big? A same capacity for laptops its a lot smaller. :\ | [
"Nothing's stopping you from putting a laptop HDD in a desktop. *Very* generally speaking, smaller electronics tend to be more expensive. So if you *can* make a slightly cheaper version because you have the space for them, you may as well. But, again, harddrives have standard interfaces, and you can put any stand... | [
"TIL ELI5 can't handle computer stuffs. SSDs are built with blocks of two. It's cheaper to leave it this way. HDDs are more flexible in their construction since it's not separate blocks inside. Both are generally made up numbers that don't always mean the same thing. Each manufacture names them slightly different... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What exactly do career mathematicians do and why is it important? | [
"Man: \"I have a theory that is we did THIS and THIS, then THIS would be possible.\" Woman: \"Yes, but how can we find out for sure without exploding?\" Man: \"To the math... uh... people!\" Math person: (scribble scribble) \"Ladies and gentlemen? It IS possible.\" All: \"HOORAY!!\" **Cut to: flying cars, hoverboar... | [
"Hmmm... what did I do with my degree? I put it in a folder on my bookshelf and got a job in the semiconductor industry so I could afford a house to put the bookshelf in. But honestly, I wouldn't be where I am without the degree. The study of history is fundamentally an exercise of paying attention to detail and kn... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If a basketball player could dunk by jumping from the 3 point line, would the basket count as 2 or 3 points? | [
"3 points, per the NBA rule book. > A successful field goal attempt from the area outside the three-point field goal line shall count three points. (1) The shooter must have at least one foot on the floor outside the three-point field goal line prior to the attempt. (2) The shooter may not be touching the floor ... | [
"I am no expert here, by far, but, it seems like the backboard is another unnecessary step in getting the ball in the hoop. If you can get the ball to go directly into the hoop why would you try and make it bounce off something before going into the hoop. The fewer steps the better right? I also know it's kind of a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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