query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does shaking a carbonated beverage cause the C02 to fizz out? | [
"Pressure helps keep the carbonation in soda. If you shake it, all of the fluid speeds up. As speed increases in a fluid, pressure decreases. As pressure decreases, the gas can escape the liquid it is dissolved in. Eli25: Bernoulli's principle combines with reduced solubility of gasses in a liquid at lower pressur... | [
"They're carbonated. They're made by making up a flavored syrup and cooling in the presence of pressurized carbon dioxide. Bubbles that in a carbonated liquid (like soda) would escape are trapped in as the candy hardens. When they come into contact with saliva, the candy starts to dissolve and break, which allows t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do people pull the coding from a Game Boy game/DS game and change it into a ROM for use on PCs/Mobile devices? | [
"To simplify it a bit from what /u/Alis451 said; Some resourceful person or people build a device that allows them to dump all of the data from a game cartridge or disk, or whatever media its stored on (or in some cases, use the console itself to dump the game data after hacking the operating firmware. Nintendo Wii... | [
"It takes a bit more explanation than just uploading something to the console. When it comes to hacking/modding, you have to exploit & modify code to fit your desires. You have to find the source of the code in the game, change it to your liking. For example, if you wanted to be invincible, you would find the cod... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If medical marijuana was approved on a federal level in America, would it automatically stop being a schedule I drug? | [
"For it to be approved on the federal level as medical it would have to be rescheduled. So yes but the other way around"
] | [
"1. Marijuana is not actually legal in Texas yet. The bill has not passed, only the people who decide what lawmakers are allowed to vote on said that they could vote on it. 2. Four states have legalized Marijuana. 3. The move is driven by small-government conservatives who believe that it's not up to the state to d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Do fish in schools communicate to stay together or is it pure instinct? Do fish communicate at all? | [
"There is no leader. Basically when one fish moves, the surrounding fish move with it, which causes the fish surrounding them to move etc. etc. until the entire school changes direction. They don't communicate, and they instinctively group together because the ones that don't have the instinct get eaten and thus do... | [
"They don't actually have a leader. Each fish is functioning with a set of rules or guidelines that creates a system where they move in coordination, which they've practiced all their lives. Sometimes, there will be a focal fish - not a leader, but near the center. This is the fish that a group will use as a base f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What exactly prevents an American from establishing an all-volunteer army to fight ISIS in a manner similar to the situation in the Spanish Civil War? | [
"We already have an all volunteer army. The army. The fact that they're not fighting ISIS directly should speak to the level of support such an action would have politically (and not just domestically). The Abraham Lincoln brigade had the full support and cooperation of the military; in a very real sense, they were... | [
"ISIS and al Queda are not \"major military foes\" of the US. Perhaps they are military foes of the Syrian government, but that's probably not true. When the US fights a major foe, you're going to see a full-scale mobilization. The last time was against the Axis in WWII. This is a situation where the US might actua... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about current affairs:"
} |
What exactly causes a "side ache" when running? | [
"no one really knows what causes it. its a kind of cramp, and drinking plenty of water, stretching, warming up, and breathing properly can help prevent it. Again, no one knows the actual cause of the cramp, despite it being such a common phenomena."
] | [
"What do you mean by \"pulling\" your neck? are you talking about a neck strain or neck cracking?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can't I ball a fist when I first wake up? | [
"Your body paralyzes itself so you don't flop all over while dreaming. This takes a while to completely wear off upon waking."
] | [
"Huh? I have this the other way around. When I sit it's all good, but when I stand and start to walk I have to hurry to the bathroom."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why do different antivirus programs recognize each other as threats? | [
"Because a lot of anti-virus signatures use string matching in order to detect malicious software. In order for a program to search for a string, it must have that string. (must is a strong word here and not technically correct, but just go with it) Imagine we are trying to detect a virus that you wrote. In fact, ... | [
"There are several iOS viruses out there, but they are extremely hard to get because of the controls iTunes and Apple puts on distribution of apps, any apps which pose a weakness hazard to iOS gets removed almost immediately, if they ever make it into the shop at all. Your computer on the other hand doesn't have th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a turbocharge in a car work? Does it really facilitate the engine that much? | [
"As load is put on the engine, the exhaust pressure increases. The causes the turbo to 'spool up (whirring noise). When the turbo spools up it is forcing air into the combustion chamber. As there is more air, you can add more fuel and have more power output of the engine. This can greatly increase output power of... | [
"A turbo charger is connected to the exhaust. The exhaust spins a set of turbines extremely similar to a jet engine. The air gets compressed in the turbines and is then forced out with greater force and is then rammed into the engine. The higher compression in the cylinders makes more power. A supercharger is conne... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens in our brain when we can't find something, but it's sitting right in front of us? | [
"I think Michael from vsauce touched upon this subject as a side note in one of the videos. If I remember correctly, what happens is your brain is so busy trying to recall that thing you're looking for (whether it be a word, as in the word is on the tip of your tongue, or an object) that it sort of gathers all the ... | [
"This is something I heard but I can't remember the source: When we see things, they go to where our memories are stored and they also go to somewhere that lets us figure out what we're seeing. Usually they get to the figuring out place before they get to the memory place, but sometimes it's the other way around. W... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Cognitive Science:"
} |
What exactly is processed cheese and is it bad for us? | [
"Processed cheese starts as regular cheese, but is mixed with vegetable oils (which are cheaper) and salt. Emulsifiers and gums are added to make the texture that Americans demand (basically, smooth and meltable). They can also add food coloring and flavorings. There are lots of different kinds of processed cheese,... | [
"There are studies that grilled meats are bad, that cured meats are bad. That sugar is bad. That salt is bad. Fat, carbs, some fish, pork... on and on and on and on. Milk provides Vitamin D, potassium, B12, Calcium... in a convenient package. We've been eating dairy from cows for thousands of years, in the form of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does Meth flourish in rural areas? | [
"Meth labs put off horrible smelling fumes which are easily hidden in some backwoods meth lab trailer. It can also be made out of items you buy from a grocery store. There's very little start up money involved and a huge demand for cheap product in poorer areas. Also, being filthy with rotten teeth doesn't really s... | [
"What level of schooling? What aspects? This is very broad. There are so many schools and school systems in the US that it would be very difficult to compare. If you live in the North, Dangerous Minds. If you live in Texas, Varsity Blues. If you live in the Midwest, Breakfast Club. If you live in Northeast, Rocky V... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are Macbooks so popular when there are PCs with much better specs and are cheaper? | [
"Good company image, brand loyalty, and people seem to like the operating system. They are also good for technical stuff, but that's not why they're popular now."
] | [
"What's a tablet? :)) No, but seriously, there is literally no competition in the field of tablets, leading to stagnation. What tablets can you even buy nowadays? The iPad is one option, but it's expensive. Samsung makes some decent tablets, but they're pretty middle of the road. And Google's given up on tablets al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do all the balloons in this link gif not pop instantly? | [
"Could it also be that the balloons are opaque, therefore the laser is not passing through them simultaneously, but rather only one at a time as each one pops?"
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the passive voice so reviled? | [
"English has a Subject-Verb-Object sentence structure. If you are a native english speaker that is how you think also. Passive voice takes on an Object-Verb-Subject order in general, which is unfamiliar and overcomplicated in most contexts. It also forces the reader to adopt a different pattern of thinking. Jimmy(S... | [
"It's taught like any other language. English isn't very weird."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are spaceships able to land on the Moon if it is constantly moving? | [
"There is a cool game called Kerbal Space Program. [Here is a guide how to land on a Moon](_URL_0_) Reality is pretty similar."
] | [
"No, there is no limit. Because the ISS is not held up by anything, it is in fact already falling towards the Earth. The only thing preventing it from hitting the earth is that it's moves so fast sideways that the earth is curving away just as fast as the ISS is falling. So you can pack as much mass as you like on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a company own the right to what's underneath your property? | [
"Because the law was written that they could be separated. Some people had little to gain from the mineral wealth underneath their farmland because they didn't have the resources to extract it. They therefore sold off the mineral right to someone willing and able to use them."
] | [
"Yes, but perhaps real estate is cheaper than the equipment needed to cover the entire land?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it feel like we only sleep for like 5 minutes when in reality it's more like 8 hours? | [
"I think this is because parts of the brain involved in short-term memory and consciousness are inactive. When you sleep you sort of forget that you exist. If you are not conscious then you are unable to sense the passage of time."
] | [
"What if you wake up every few hours, but it doesn’t bother you? I can fall asleep in less than 5 minutes, so when I wake up, I look at the clock and go “Nice! I can sleep for 4 more hours” or whatever it is til my alarm goes off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do people groan out loud when they have pain? | [
"Nobody really knows an exact answer, but there are a few theories. One states that we cry out or groan in pain as an alert to others. Another suggests that yelling creates noise, which takes the emphasis of the pain away in our brains. Another theory is that it is meant to intimidate or scare whatever harmed you. ... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come there aren't more 'unethical' experiments? | [
"If a scientist violates ethical guidelines, the consequences include: * Being ostracized by other scientists * Being fired from their job * Publishers refusing to touch the research * Professional licenses being revoked The primary reason you can't sign a waiver saying \"if you pay me, I'm fine being unethically ... | [
"It's making fun of the people who believe that there are secret hidden \"internet levels\". There aren't really."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does moving your hand through hot water fast hurt more than it does moving it slow? | [
"Your skin cools the water around it, making a layer of cooler water, which doesn't hurt so much. When you move your hand, you flush away this cooler layer and there's fresh hotter water ready to transfer its energy into your skin."
] | [
"Airflow. If you purse your lips like your about to kiss someone and blow air through, it's moving very quickly. As a result, it loses its heat more quickly as well. However, if you just open your mouth and exhale slowly, the warm air from your lungs doesn't cool down as quickly. Therefore it's warmer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
I see this all the time in movies but never see what happens after - in the USA when your car is commandeered, how do you get your vehicle back? | [
"That's mostly movie magic. In the US it's next to impossible to commander a vehicle for emergency use. A suspect fleeing is not important enough to justify that. To answer your question they likely would just check the registration or proof of insurance and contact the owner through that."
] | [
"you mean, how do they avoid that you just drive off with their car and never come back? Well, for one, they probably want to see your drivers license. Even make an electronically copy of it. (in some places, the software that snaps the photo also automatically checks if it's valid, so that you can't just give them... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what does Wear leveling and write amplification mean to pc users with SSD's? | [
"In a SSD, due to the way the controllers work, there are \"blocks\" of memory (rather larger than a single bit or byte). You have to rewrite the entire block at once to change any part of it - imagine a notebook where, in order to add a single sentence to the page, you had to erase the whole page and rewrite it wi... | [
"Look at your I/O (Disk usage), most of the time, that is what is slowing down your windows startup the most. That's why so many people buy SSDs, they are much faster than regular hard drives (but obviously more expensive)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
How were the interstates of America built? | [
"They were built by in the late 50s and finished between the late 70s and early 90s. It was the cold war and as well as the obvious econonic reasons, Eisenhower and the DoD wanted roads for the army to move troops and supplies in the event of a major land war. its design was influenced by the AutoBahn in Germany."
... | [
"They were made in chronological order from when the state became part of the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do your gums bleed if you don’t floss for awhile, but they’ll stop bleeding if you floss regularly? | [
"It's a combination of things - and not all of them will be true for every individual. Firstly, people who don't floss have a higher incidence of gum disease. This can lead to the gums becoming inflamed and they will bleed when brushed or when eating. This is the most common cause of bleeding gums, and it can be at... | [
"dehydration after sleeping too long. stretch your limbs when you get up and drink some water and eat something you'll be back in shape faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
How does my phone/laptop measure what percentage of its battery's charge is left? | [
"Let's say a there is a battery with 2V. This battery may be full at 2V and 1V when allmost empty. Your phone or your laptop will take that voltage reading and will calculate how much power has left to your device. This is the way where you calculate the percentage by measuring the voltage. To be more specific you... | [
"Voltage degrades at a predictable rate based on how much juice is left in the battery. By measuring how far the voltage has dropped, you can calculate how much power is left in the battery. Slick huh?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do children fight against going to bed? | [
"Kids don't know how to put themselves to sleep essentially. All their little brains know is \"go go go!\" and when you try to stop all what they know, they get upset and don't understand why you're trying to stop their nature. They'll even fight themselves and get cranky or more hyped. ever noticed how a kid will ... | [
"Who is brushing their teeth before breakfast?!?!!!?? Brushing teeth is one of the last things one does before leaving the house."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How or why are people so strong when they do PCP? | [
"Humans are much stronger than our day-to-day activities suggest. Normally our bodies limit themselves to keep us from injury, but when these limits get removed you get seemingly superhuman feats of strength. Examples of this are when you get thrown across a room from touching a live wire—it's actually your own mus... | [
"Heh? Because people are c*nts. Why do people do anything?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do I feel "tired" after sleeping more than ~10 hours? | [
"For some people, the longer you sleep, the lower your cortisol level drops, which in turn lowers your energy level."
] | [
"I can explain the 3pm part: Your brain has certain neurons that are constantly at war. Some of them are fighting to keep you awake; some are fighting to keep you asleep. If you have a fairly normal schedule (awake during the day, sleep during the night...not a graveyard shift worker), the sleep neurons gain contro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
How do spray on anesthesias work? | [
"> How do spray on anesthesias work? There is no such thing as a spray on anesthesia as anesthesia is a state someone can be in. It is like saying \"How do spray on sleeps work?\" Instead you are probably thinking of spray on analgesics. In general a topical analgesic involves the use of chemicals which can be abso... | [
"Because it increases your heart rate and depending on the surgery, could be life threatening. We have much safer anaesthetics now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are speakers “blown out”? What causes this and are they repairable? | [
"Car speakers blow out when a mechanical or thermal failure results in a speaker no longer working like it’s supposed to. Mechanical failures typically happen when the cone in a speaker is made to move further than it was designed to do, and thermal failures happen when a speaker is hit with too much power and deli... | [
"Do you tend to bend or abuse the area where the wire connects to the headphone or the MP3/Audio player? a loose connection between the speakers in the headphones and the source are often a cause for loss of one or more channels in audio. That said, Black Friday - things get damaged during shipping, more so during ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does a symphonic orchestra work? | [
"I'm a commercial electrician and can't play any musical instruments. That said, I love classical music. Often I look at the big construction sites as a symphony. There's so many people there in so many different trades, all working together to finish the building (in my case, mainly office buildings). Granted I wo... | [
"How can you sing along mentally the first time?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how can some dominant genes (like polydactyly) be less common than the "norm" (like 10 fingers)? | [
"Even if the allele is dominant, it does not mean the allele is common. For example, the brown eye color is dominant over the not brown eye color allele. In some countries, everyone has brown eyes. In others, like Northern Europe, barely anyone does. The brown allele just isn't common there. It's mostly not brown e... | [
"It varies. Although we tend to use recessive as a stand-alone label, it generally has to be recessive to something else. So two alleles that would be recessive to a dominant allele aren't necessarily recessive to each other. One will most likely dominate, even if it would normally not be expressed heterozygously. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do I fart more when I need to do a poo? How does the fart get around the poo? | [
"Your poo is decaying. As it decays it releases methane, which is a fart."
] | [
"fiber changes the structure of your poo. It makes if flow through you easier. it makes wiping easier. With enough fiber you really don't even need to wipe. Poo is very toxic, so you don't want that stuff hanging out on your skin any longer then it needs to. Fiber helps with all that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do governments have secrets? | [
"Several major reasons: 1) The government has enemies; including criminals (single and organizations), other governments, and terrorist organizations. Many of these enemies, if they knew everything the government knew, would get a significant edge on the government: it's a lot harder to deal with criminals if they ... | [
"> Do these companies and their employees get special exemptions? If so, how? Yes, and by asking the governments that employ them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is Internet Explorer considered a bad browser? What makes Google Chrome or FireFox better? | [
"Imagine your browser as a bicycle. The internet is the road. Older versions of Internet explorer were like those [penny fathing bikes](_URL_0_). It has all the major components of a bike, but its big, most of it is pointless and its a bitch for road makers to design paths for. Then firefox & Chrome came along, whi... | [
"* First Google became a very very popular search engine. * Google started promoting Chrome on their browser page. * Google also released Gmail which became very popular. * This built up brand trust which made it easier for people to try out Chrome * Once they tried it, many people found they had a much better expe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
What's the difference in unleaded and premium gasoline? | [
"Both are unleaded. The difference is the octane rating, which affects how quickly is burns. Engines with a higher compression ratio need premium to prevent knocking."
] | [
"Look at the owners manual of your vehicle to see what gasoline it needs. If it says 87 Octane buy 87 Octane, if it says 91, buy 91. Putting 91 Octane in a engine meant for 87 is a waste of money."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do hotels use two flat sheets instead of a flat and a fitted sheet when making the beds? | [
"Efficiency. They don't have to keep up with two different types of sheets, and since a single sheet is at different times top or bottom sheet, they wear more evenly and don't have to be replaced as often."
] | [
"A double is the same as a full. A twin is also called a single. \"Single\" and \"double\" refer to the fact that the bed is intended to be occupied by 1 or 2 people. Queen and King refer to larger sizes (King > Queen > Full), and the names imply that they're more luxurious. #As far as full and twin go? Full probab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do volcanoes contain lava, or do they make it by melting rock or something else? Maybe better asked as, where does lava come from? | [
"Molten rock is what is in the centre of our earth where it's very, very, hot. Pressure within the volcano builds and eventually erupts. No one \"makes\" lava, it's a natural product"
] | [
"It depends on what the molten magma is made out of. If it is made from Mafic rocks (dark in nature, think Hawaii and ocean volcanos) has is able to escape so it isn’t as explosive. Land based volcanos have a higher likelihood of being made out of silica which is light colored (think mountains and granite). Gas doe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Tumblr. I've only seen it through Reddit's eyes. Is it really a place for pansexual, wizard, reverse-rape feminist, eagle gendered, proudsexuals? | [
"No it's really not, but since reddit has to feel superior to something, there you go. There's as much shit on there that there is on reddit, people around here just chose to concentrate on the bad. And you follow what you want to follow so it's not like they're throwing that in your face really. Imagine if reddit ... | [
"There isn't mostly. 99.9% of the users don't care about other sites. You might just see the loud vocal minority. And I believe if want a gross simplification... 4 Chan and tumblr hate each other. 4 Chan is for lonely, socially awkward males Tumblr for lonely, socially awkward, and often overweight females. Redd... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is it that the deeper you go down in an ocean, the colder it gets, yet the deeper down you go underground the hotter it gets? | [
"Deep in the ocean the water has been down there for a very, very long time. Ocean currents take ~~centuries~~ a thousand years to cycle, and there isn't much for heat sources down there. Around geothermal vents the water can get super-heated because it's under so much pressure that the boiling point is increased, ... | [
"Basically, it's just because the air is thinner the higher up you go. Near the surface, air molecules are much closer together due to the fact that there are more of them. When they bounces off of each other, they exchange heat. When you go up higher, there are fewer air molecules. Because of this, they don't boun... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Other than efficiency, what does pumping premium gas instead of regular do? | [
"It doesn't improve any of that. You are probably imagining it. Basically, it's possible to do more aggressive engine design if you only use premium. If your car doesn't say it uses premium (usually sports cars) there is no benefit."
] | [
"Octane levels and compression rates. Regular gas combusts at lower compressions (your average car). Premium gas combusts at higher pressures (most sports cars). A higher pressure combustion creates more energy which is why it's used in sports cars. There's absolutely no benefit of putting premium gas in a car desi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In America, why are swear words bleeped, blurred, or given a euphemism on television when everyone already knows what they are saying anyways? | [
"Because people dont trust other people enough to make sure that their kids dont hear any bad words, and are too stupid to realize that kids will hear them anyway. Same reason why some places are trying to ban internet porn."
] | [
"In America, foul language (and nudity, for that matter) tends to be much more heavily censored than violence is; in other areas (say, Europe), the opposite is often true. E.g., In Germany, graphic violence is more or less taboo. To put it another way, there's Kyle's mom from the South Park movie (I'm paraphrasing,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Linguistics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Linguistics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are you restricted to bringing such small amounts of liquids on an airplane? (Shampoo, toothpaste, etc...) | [
"It's a post-9/11 measure concerned with the idea that terrorists might bring the liquid components of an explosive onto a plane in larger liquid containers."
] | [
"I work in a hotel. We literally have an entire room full of amenities you wouldn't even think of asking for. Shaving cream, razors, toothbrushes, toothpaste, floss, mini sewing packs, hairspray, deodorant, combs, shower caps, q-tips, shoe polish, slippers, mouthwash, body wash, mini packs of aspirin, the list goes... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how do apps such as snapchat make money, even though they have no cost and are ad free? | [
"In a word, users. These are a class of businesses that depend on 'velocity' and 'critical mass'. They have to keep growing their user base and hope they can stay in business long enough to capture the most people. If they get enough people quickly then they can start selling ad space or personal details of their u... | [
"As website you can make money by selling ads, but also by selling user data. Alternatively, the site is devoid of money making schemes as part of its growth strategy, and will monetize once it secures enough market share. Why bother showing adds when you barely get 100 visitors a day, better keep it add free to d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Technology:"
} |
How do you make a cross post on Reddit? | [
"Basically you post to both subreddits, one then the other. That's what people mean when they say cross post (or X-Post in the title, which they type)."
] | [
"Reddit, why do people put Reddit in the title, Reddit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How do scientists find the age of a living tree without actually cutting it down and counting the rings? | [
"You can take a very small hole saw drill bit and take a sample that way."
] | [
"I am not here to teach an Earth Sciences course, but here's one way that we know about historical temperatures. There is a correlation between the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and the temperature. And there is a correlation between the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and the amount that gets trapped in ice when... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do the doctors make us read characters off a mirror during an eye exam? Why not just have it in front of us? | [
"Looking at that eye chart in a mirror that's reflecting the actual chart mimics the 20-feet distance that is needed for such tests. In other words, not all exam rooms have a 20-foot distance to measure/evaluate your vision. It's a useful work-around for a small exam room."
] | [
"Because their eyes are generally pointed away from the screen. They don't necessarily see what's happening on the screen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why my dog sniffs for an eternity just to take a dump. | [
"Well, can you take a shit out in public with people looking at you?"
] | [
"It seems to come as a surprise to my dog, every time he farts the noise spooks him. Also do you go sit on the toilet or go outside every time you fart?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do videogames have the option to invert the vertical movement for mouse or joystick, but not the horizontal directions? | [
"Plenty of games have both. That said, the X axis inverted makes no real sense while Y axis does. The exception is in some third person games, if you feel like you're actually controlling the *camera*, then moving the *camera* to the right will result in seeing more to the left of your character."
] | [
"You have access to smaller iterations of motion, thus allowing you to have much finer precision when moving your crosshairs. Think about it this way, how much motion does it require to move the crosshairs one screen inch with your controller vs how much with a mouse? Because you need to move the mouse farther than... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does our body have such adverse reactions to pollen, thus setting off allergies? | [
"It's actually just your immune system overreacting! Your immune system is designed to look for things in your body that don't belong, and then clear them out in some way. For people with allergies, the immune system incorrectly reads the allergen (in your case, pollen) as something that is dangerous to you. It the... | [
"They are antihistamines, chemicals which block the histamine inflammatory reaction caused by your immune system. Allergies are basically your immune system going berserk and thinking that something totally safe like pollen is actually a dangerous pathogen and attempting to protect you from this imagined theat. Ant... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are human races like Asian and Caucasian not considered as a subspecies but animal's like cats (example) say Persian and Maine Coon are considered subspecies? | [
"They're not. Persian cats and Maine coon cats are *breeds* - all of them are *Felis catus*. Asian people and Caucasian people are *races* - all of them are *Homo sapiens sapiens.*"
] | [
"Elephants are the only animals of their kind, leopards and jaguars are not the only animals of their kind, they are part of all the big cats. Elephants are so similar that all are called elephants. Leopards and jaguars are actually not as similar as you think, they just happen to look the same."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How are extra solar systems and planets are scientifically named. (The letter and number designation | [
"The word or letter designation at the beginning is the name of a certain catalog of stars. For example, [Gliese](_URL_0_). Then the number is the designation within that catalog. Now, stars can have multiple names due to being in multiple catalogs and astronomers are sometimes pretentious jerks when writing scient... | [
"I would like to see some of the methods for determining the properties of astronomical bodies, how redshift is calculated, spectrograph readings and maybe how the mass of the visible universe is calculated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Physics:"
} |
how come ddosers/virus scripters don't flood self made videos or personal content with views for money? | [
"Any service (like YouTube) has preventative systems in place. That's why we used to have the 301 club, cause after 300 views, YouTube starts verifying them to make sure they're real."
] | [
"probably because they aren't actually hosting full movies but merely a collection of links to god knows how many servers. and when/if they get shut down it takes only minutes to move servers when your site is < 100mb."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's going on in Anaheim? | [
"TL;DR police did some bad things, had a really poor reputation in the area. The pot boiled over and people responded by assembling on the streets in initially \"peaceful\" protests. Large numbers of people are using this as an excuse to cause destruction to private property. Police are responding with a strong vi... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the "Olber's Paradox" and the theories behind it? | [
"It is an argument against the universe being infinitely big *and* infinitely old. If it is infinitely big, then every line of sight will eventually land on a star. If it is also infinitely old, then there is enough time for the light from that star to reach your eye, meaning every line of sight should reveal a shi... | [
"Theories cannot be proven as fact, but they can be supported by enough facts to make denial of it an unreasonable thing to do. To deny the ocurrance of the big bang, is like denying that gravity exists. ______________________________ Evidence for the big bang: Large-scale homogeneity, Hubble diagram, Abundances o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When a candle burns over time (one in a class container), what happens to the wax? | [
"The wax is mostly carbon and hydrogen. It all combined with oxygen in the flame to become water and carbon dioxide. The flame is hot enough for the water to be vapor. A little bit of the carbon never burned, giving you soot."
] | [
"Generally speaking you keep the wick longer to ensure that you have a wick - a lot of times in candle making you're not pinpointing where the wick will start/end, but you are building the candle on top of the rope/wick in layers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Before feminism, how did women being the lesser sex become status quo? | [
"It's probably just because male physical strength and the fact they didn't have to bear the consequences of pregnancy meant men could always get their own way, or so I'd imagine."
] | [
"Because genitalia have been likened to masculinity. The more penis you have the more of a man you are thus more likely to attract a partner. We can thank porn and low self esteem for this"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does the Westboro Baptist Church pickets funerals? | [
"When people do very rude things, it makes a lot of people angry. And it gets a lot of attention from the news. Westboro Baptist Church wants attention, because they are trying to get people to listen to them. But they're probably going about it the wrong way, because it's tough to convince people of your point of ... | [
"While they're both obviously hate groups, they hate different things. The WBC, for example, does not have any issue with racial minorities, which the KKK obviously objects to. Members of the KKK also consider themselves patriots, and thus vehemently object to things like protesting at a soldier's funeral."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why do dogs like to lie under our legs while sitting? | [
"For one thing, they love you and want to be close to you. And also, by laying under your legs, it's a way of feeling protected and safe."
] | [
"Why do you stare at your dog when it's taking a shit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Animal behavior:"
} |
Why don't job listings show hourly wages or salary? | [
"Sometimes because salary is negotiable from one candidate to the next. Though titles can be the same, importance of the work/project could vary wildly depending on the department. And since folks may require different skills or experience, pay will vary between them. They don't want to offer the small time account... | [
"If your salary is below the new minimum wage, then yes, your salary would get adjusted as such. Not sure what salaried position would pay less than $15 an hour though..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How is it that we have an installation at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba when we have poor relations with that country? | [
"_URL_0_ It was leased to us in 1903, well before the Cuban Revolution installed a communist government in Cuba. They haven't bothered to cancel it, so we keep the base (although the new government has never accepted money paid for the lease)."
] | [
"Most of them are from the population which was forced to flee or expelled from Cuba when Fidel Castro took over, or have since escaped. Their big thing is that it is still the Castro's in charge of a still very much communist and unitary political party system of government."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does Coke or Pepsi taste slightly different from country to country? | [
"Years ago I talked about this with a Coke exec, and she denied this being the case. I am not big on soda, and I thought I had a shot, so I let it go. You are however not wrong, it tastes different here in Europe than it does in the USA. I do not know a lot about how the stuff is made, but perhaps local water is re... | [
"Chains have to follow the rules of the corporation. That's why McDonalds, Burger King, Subway, Kentucky Fried Chicken all have the same feel between restaurants. Now, since I worked at McDonalds, I can't speak for other chains, but McDonalds uses produce and meat local to the region. It really does start tasting d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What are anti-static bags made of? How they work? | [
"_URL_0_ Depending on which sort, they're either coating with a very thin film of metal (usually aluminium) or they're covered with something which attracts a thin film of moisture. Either way, the surface of the bag is conductive, so static charge is carried away when you handle the bag. To make this work properly... | [
"Stainless steel is a group of steel alloys with high chromium and low carbon. This makes them significantly more resistant against corrosion but the low carbon content means that it's flexible and not very strong We often use high carbon steel for items that we want to heat treat and make extremely hard. There are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How was it first decided to build cities like Phoenix and Vegas? Sure they’re huge now but at the time wouldn’t it have been a bad idea to build a city in the desert? | [
"Vegas was originally started as a waypoint for Mormon settlers crossing the desert. Not long after, silver (I believe) was found around there, and people started coming in, and the city grew. The founding of Boulder City just to the south of Las Vegas during the construction of the Hoover Dam brought more people a... | [
"There just are not that many people to fill the space. That being said, many people like to be located near useful utilities like schools, shopping centers, jobs, etc. So while cities seems just overly crammed with people, there is good reason they don't just go build a house on a few acres in the country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Water can be sublimate, freeze, and melt, is it mean that it cant be destroyed or reduced at all? | [
"Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. If you run an electrical current through water it will separate into its component parts."
] | [
"Changing phase actually takes a significant amount of energy, and it changes into water vapor which is a gas. The water can be heated up to just below boiling temperature but as it transitions over it pulls energy from the surrounding fluid as it turns to steam. Obviously then there are only two states the water c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
How some people who smoke 2 packs a day have the lung film of a person who has never smoked? | [
"Things that are said to cause cancer, with the exception of stuff that gives off radiation, does not actually cause cancer directly. Instead what it does is increase your risk of developing cancer. Cancer is a mutation in the cells that causes them to grow out of control in various ways. You can develop this muta... | [
"Heres another way of looking at it. Cancer is like winning a lottery. Every cigarette is an extra ticket in the draw. Of course non-smokers also get tickets by breathing the crap that we pollute our air with. But the more tickets you have the better your chances of winning the lottery. However having a lot of tick... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The story of the Kingdom Hearts series | [
"Kingdom Hearts has a ridiculously convoluted story. There's a video [here](_URL_0_) that explains the timeline of all the games and how they interact."
] | [
"As a play/performed story, or how much time passes in the story?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why paranoid schizophrenics hear voices and why the voices usually talk about bad things. | [
"With my schizophrenia I had some negative voices and some absolutely random voices. Like one negative would be \" you know, at this point you should probably just take all your pills. It'd be easier on everyone.\" And a random one would be like \" there is no root in the floor. \" Seriously its not as bad, it just... | [
"Ego goes a bit out of whack but when people are literally stalking you as if you shit gold its just like how else do you deal with these people, im sorry ive never answered an eli5 before so the eli5 version is, you think youre better than them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If we have to help animals like horses give birth, then how did they manage it themselves before humans started animal husbandry? | [
"We don't \"have to help\" them, but in the case of horses, a lot of time we help in the birthing process because we're invested in the animal (emotionally or financially) and want to see the animal and it's offspring do good so we benefit from it as well."
] | [
"Other mammals and animals do not have modern medicine to keep them alive and healthy. Also this is kind of a flawed premise as there are many animals that outlive us."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about biology:"
} |
Why do most professional sports(US) require 4-7 games to determine the winner in the Finals(or equivalent), but football needs only one? | [
"Football is really physically taxing, since it's a full-contact sport. Even playing once a week, the injury rate is high and the rate of long-term problems is higher than in other sports. If the NFL used a best-of-7 format instead of single elimination, then either each series would take a month, or the players wo... | [
"It's not really a league, it's a cup. Couple of groups, 2 teams from each qualify to the knockout stages where each match has 2 legs(home and away) until the final. It runs along side all the European top league's."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does deal or no deal work? I've watched the show but I have no clue what is going on. | [
"Each box contains a different amount of money. As boxes are selected the average value of the boxes drops or rises. After every 3 rounds the banker will give the contestant the option to take an amount which is based on the remaining boxes average value or continue for the chance to win a greater amount by either ... | [
"That's a good question. It's a generalized assumption and nothing more is my guess. I really hope they have no idea how much I spend on drugs, hell I hope I never find out haha."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What "Babylon" means in Rastafari culture? | [
"For Rastafari the Bible is one of their central books (it is an Abrahamic religion after all). In short they see [Haile Selassie](_URL_0_) as the new Messiah. Babylon in biblical terms was always a place of sin. Remeber the story of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11) and in Revelation 17 is it called the great [Babyl... | [
"It doesn't mean anything. It's like \"Rama Lama Ding-Dong\" or \"Give Peace a Chance.\" --Homer Simpson"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What makes the 'great writers' of history so great compared to today's writers? | [
"English Lit Majors. The older authors tend to get built up so much by academics as to be unassailable to them, in a sort of endless cycle. I'm not saying that some of the classics aren't great, but their status as classics also artificially inflates their value. Especially when educators insist on having students... | [
"Isn't that what celebrity is? If we collectively obsess about someone, that person by definition is a celebrity. Why do we obsess about people who by many criteria are the dregs of society? Ah...that's another question ;)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The different types of wine and how they are paired with food. | [
"I teach and write about wine (and I am trained as a chef), and just want to add a few things. Drink what you like with what you like, that is the most important thing. Secondly, do a tasting with a bunch of wines and a bunch of foods to see what works for you. Everyone's taste are different. The tasting is great f... | [
"What they eat, how active they are, where they live and millions of other factors go into the texture and taste of meat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come dinosaurs lived over ten times longer than us AND our ancestors but they never got smart? | [
"Because intelligence isn't the goal of evolution. In fact there isn't really a goal at all, but survival and reproduction naturally get rewarded. In both those categories dinosaurs managed to do just fine until a rock destroyed them from space. That's one of the biggest misconceptions of evolution, that it's a pro... | [
"We didn't evolve from gorillas and chimps, we just have a common ancestor. Humans just got lucky and became smarter than others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What do philosophers mean by we don't have free will? | [
"Different philosophers have different reasons. Basically they are arguing that you did not make that choice to donate to charity, you only think you did. You were \"destined\" to make that choice. You will make all your \"choices\" based on outside factors that you can't control."
] | [
"Cultural and personal values. It's not actually important from the perspective of the universe. The universe couldn't care less about human freedom haha."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are fireworks made to go off in particular shapes like hearts? | [
"You place the stars (burning points of light made of various chemicals) in the shape that you want, surrounded by black powder. black powder goes boom and puts an equal vector and amount of force on each star as the casing explodes and releases these burning stars into the air. If the shape is a heart, the stars a... | [
"Think of it like a filter. Imagine I am throwing a bunch of colored balls at you, red, green, blue, etc. But they pass through a filter on the way which removes all but the red balls. What balls get to you? Only red. What balls can bounce off things around you? Only the red ones."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why isn't dental care covered under health insurance? | [
"Because to sell you two lines of insurance is more profitable... throw vision in the mix, and providers have you paying three separate premiums."
] | [
"Pregnant women qualify for Medicaid, which is paid for by the government, if they do not have insurance. The Medicaid cuts off for the woman after the child is born, but will continue to cover the child until it's 18 years old if the mother cannot get health insurance for the family from a private insurance compan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do older men start sprouting hairs from random places? | [
"46 yo. You will go through several puberties. Nose puberty, ear puberty, etc. gettin older sucks"
] | [
"No seriously. Someone smart please answer this. Why is my genital skin darker than most all of my other skin. And darkening as I get older"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Which is better for the environment: aluminum cans or glass bottles? Why? | [
"Making aluminium from raw materials is a complex process. Once made the metal can be melt down and reformed without losing any quality. This process can be repeated over and over again. Along with the energy savings, recycling aluminium saves around 95% of the greenhouse gas emissions compared to the ‘primary’ pro... | [
"Is coke cheaper than tap water or cheaper than bottled water? Bottled water has a huge mark up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are radiators often located beneath window shelves? | [
"you are almost right - it is usually the coldest spot in your room. But that also means, that this is the part of the room that is the hardest to heat. If you'd put the radiator at the other end of the room you'd have a very warm and cozy part of the room and the freezing part of the room right next to the window... | [
"1) Easier to mop the floor. Walls mean seams which can gather grime and other funny stuff. 2) Cheaper to build. The stalls mount at two points: the wall and the door pillars. 3) Less hanky-Panky goes on when the stalls aren't 100% private."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do fluorescent light bulbs flash a few times before they eventually light up, where as regular bulbs switch on straight away? | [
"Fluorescent lights work by energizing the gas inside until it forms a plasma and allows an arc of electricity to pass through, heating the gas further and creating light in the process. However, before the entire bulb is at a high enough energy, there might still be a path for the arc to pass through (causing the ... | [
"There is a small piece of metal inside that reacts well to heat. When the bulb gets warm and the metal expands it breaks the circuit and the lights go out. The bulb and metal piece cools and makes contact again so the lights come back on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Electrical engineering:"
} |
Do fish need freshwater like other animals do to survive? | [
"Fish need water, yes. Animals that live in the ocean have adaptations to deal with the excess of salt because getting water isn't an issue, it's getting rid of salt. Many fish can adapt to salt or fresh, but it takes time, and any sudden change is going to kill the animal."
] | [
"They use less energy because they do not move around or are cold blooded. Or they have a lot of fat stored up. Fat humans can easily survive not eating for a months. Give them vitamins and supplements and they'll be perfectly healthy as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
encryption protocols | [
"Modern encryption does not depend on keeping the algorithm secret. The whole idea is to have the protocol widely reviewed and analyzed. Then you only have to protect the key number used by the algorithm. Only with the key can you read the message, that's why governments want \"back doors\" to get the key."
] | [
"> secure digital medium > phone app Pick one"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can I eat a lot of hot pizza, but only a little cold pizza? | [
"It's most likely nothing more than a psychological effect based on the fact that you likely find the fresh pizza more appealing. In the same way that you'll eat until you think you're full at a restaurant but somehow you still find room for dessert. By the time the food hits your stomach, it's most likely in a sta... | [
"I am one of those who lives on one meal a day, and it is because I cannot afford to have enough food to graze and have 3 meals a day. I typically eat one large dinner at night when I get home from work. I have a small snack here and there, but nothing huge. Usually a handful of chips, or a piece of fruit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are products like light bulbs being made more efficient and longer lasting causing a company to profit less but medicine is doing almost the exact opposite by ignoring cheaper means of treatment and forcing consumers to pay higher prices for drugs that are less effective? | [
"It's all about the power balance. Don't like the price of those light bulbs? You can buy a cheaper brand, or a cheaper type. Don't like the price of your medication? Well, tough luck kid, it's patented. Pay or die. This is what is called \"Inelastic demand\". For products with inelastic demand, consumers will buy ... | [
"Vast amounts of it go to profit to drug and pharma companies, who then put a lot of it into research into new drugs and medications (and other medical research). No other country can do medical and bio-chem research on even the same level of the US, hell they might as well give up they are so far behind. It is so ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come when I stream a live feed of something to my computer, it's often a couple minutes behind what I would see if watched it on the TV? | [
"Mainly because your cable connection is a more direct link to the content. When viewed over the Internet, it has to go through many servers from possibly the other side of the country to get to your PC. Cable is broadcast directly to your home from a local source."
] | [
"It's a combination of a good implementation and lots of tricks to make it seem faster than it is. I guarantee that every wifi streaming solution does buffering. The trick is to make it so that you don't notice the buffering. The question is, why do you think there's no delay? Do you mean that your TV is in sync wi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do some buildings/plazas have a new restaurant almost every year in many cities? | [
"About half of all new restaurants fail within their first year of business."
] | [
"The European are generally a lot older than the US and in most cases the local government works to protect the classic skyline rather than build massive skyscrapers that block the view. If you go outside of the central older parts of town you'll start seeing bigger buildings. For example Rome, that city is thousan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it that singers lose their accent when they're singing? | [
"Techniques for proper singing (breath control, projection, comprehension for the listener, etc.) tend to counter accents. You'll still hear an accent on consonants (e.g. how do they pronounce R?) but since singing is mostly in the vowels, and there's ways to sing vowels that are better for one's voice and sound th... | [
"So many musicians don't know how to enunciate. It's annoying. Too many people think their mumbling is good music. Now, I loved Nirvana's sound, but Cobain couldn't get three words out with enough fluency for my ears. Weird Al is someone I love to listen to because I miss fewer words. He knows his music is ridiculo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
-What causes someone to pass out? (not alcohol or drug related?) | [
"More often it's a *drop* in blood pressure. Also, what's called a vasovagal syncope. Your body has a very [important nerve, called the vagus nerve](_URL_0_), that does a whole bunch of stuff. Sometimes it can be triggered accidentally and make your blood pressure go low for a couple seconds, long enough to make yo... | [
"Do you want cause or effect? Cause: bump to the head or not enough oxygen to brain. A bump to the head would be a defence mechanism from the sudden jostling of the brain to protect it. I think the same thing goes from a shock, stress, fear, pain... I don’t know for sure. Not enough oxygen getting to the brain is t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do humans tend to think red and blue are opposite colors? | [
"Primitive man would only have a single dichotomy when it comes to those colours, temperature. They would see red and think of the sun, fire, embers, fevers, infections, blood, etc. All of which are warm or hot. They would see blue and think of the sky, water, snow, hypothermia, corpses, etc. All of which are cool ... | [
"They are handicapped by lacking the ability to distinguish different colors. Red looks like they know red to be, but it might also look like green."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are random numbers generated by computers? | [
"They plug a \"seed\" number into some equation and give you the output number. Usually the seed is generated based on the time, since that is guaranteed to be unique. Most of the time programmers can also manually set the seed. This of course makes it less random, but is useful for debugging because otherwise you'... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How come diamond-companies are allowed to control the number of diamonds in circulation, without being a monopoly? | [
"The **are** a monopoly. DeBeers is very much in violation of the various anti-trust statutes in the US. The problem is that they aren't _based_ in the US and their executives don't come to the US, so the US can't do anything to stop them. They operate out of countries that allow their business practices and, since... | [
"Legal monopolies are companies the government has sanctioned to be the only one to provide a certain service in a certain area. This tends to be things like utilities (water, buses, and electricity), although it can be almost anything. These companies can still make a small profit, but are *strictly* regulated. Il... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does starting a sentence with a short filler phrase like "yeah, so" give you time to think of an answer as opposed to just being silent for that second? | [
"You'll have time to think in both cases. But if you fill the time to think with something, even empty phrases, you will get the attention and lesser chance of someone interrupting you."
] | [
"To let you (the listener) know that they are still talking. In a polite conversation, when one person is silent that is usually seen as permission for the other person to talk. If I stop talking to think of a word, you might take that to mean that I am through talking. If I keep making noise, you know that I am st... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Language and cognition:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Language and cognition:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does the electricity in some cars get cut off when starting the engine? | [
"The starter motor draws a lot of current, enough current to reduce the voltage output from the battery. Since electronics sometimes do wonky things when operated at lower than necessary voltage, it's better to just disconnect them for a couple of seconds while the car starts."
] | [
"Without the electronics being computer-controlled it becomes difficult to essentially turn off the light with a timer that starts when the car is turned off. It'd be easy to just turn the lights off automatically when the car is off but there's cases where you might want to keep the lights on without the keys in t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are the majority of boundaries between US states perfect straight lines? | [
"There are two types of boundaries: geographic, and and political. If the boundary is squiggly, it's a river. If it's straight, a group of people sat down and argued over it until they agreed, then drew a straight line. In Europe, those political boundaries were decided by centuries of war and incredibly detailed p... | [
"Does it matter if there is water instead of roads between a number of small towns? We have boats and bridges."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can an average American affect change in our political system/government? | [
"VOTE! Literally all you have to do is stay informed and go vote. The failings of a democracy lie not on the government but on those who choose not to vote."
] | [
"A politician's primary concern is getting reelected, not generating revenue for the government."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If I get 8 hours of sleep total, but wake up in the middle to go to the bathroom and reddit for several minutes, is it as effective as getting 8 uninterrupted hours of sleep? | [
"It depends when you get up. You go through cycles every 3hours (ish). The first half isn't the important one, the last half is - it's the part where (current theory is) your brain cleans out waste. Which is why a nap can give a short term mood boost, but doesn't have the same effect as 3 or 6 hours of sleep, becau... | [
"You get used to it. Technically you can be fully functional with 2 hours of sleep a day. Look up polyphasic sleep and Buckminster Fuller who reportedly took 4 thirty minute naps a day for two years. Anyway, it really sucks when you start, but you can adjust your sleep schedule to require less hours, basically by g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What would happen to a deep sea fish that is used to thousands of pounds of pressure that was brought to the surface. | [
"It dies. Deep sea creatures sort of explode when brought up from the depths. Not an awesome action movie explosion but their organs leak and they just sort of die. It's like when your ears pop in an airplane but 100x worse."
] | [
"The pressure is \"crushing\" for us because our bodies contain air. We have air in our lungs, air in our eardrums, and air in the submersibles we put in the water. This creates an enormous pressure differential. Sea creatures don't have any air in their bodies, the pressure difference between 20ft in depth and 20,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
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