query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does it seem as though as I grow older, time and life speeds up? | [
"Dude I am 30 and still raving like mad! Bring your self together!"
] | [
"Can't tell if trolling...! Time does not pass any more swiftly - it ticks away as it ever did. But our perception of time only exists when we are awake and aware of time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are PC digital downloads cheaper than console digital downloads? | [
"Console downloads are a closed market. You have exactly one source for your downloads. PC digital downloads have competition, so there are more market forces at play."
] | [
"Simply a convenience fee. Also, movie companies charge a lot more for digital rights, as more people will stream/download them than buy the physical copy, that's why Netflix's physical library is much larger than their digital library."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can you stream from Netflix/Hulu/HBOGo with no problem, but your laptop heats up and the video lags if you try to watch from the AMC/CBS/NBC website? | [
"Netflix' player is based on HTML5, I can't say anything about the others. But I'm assuming that AMC, etc. have Flash-based players... and Flash has terrible performance when it comes to video decoding."
] | [
"I have a cell phone, but no cable tv. Everything I want to watch is on Hulu, Netflix, or... shall we say *other*."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do big game developers and publishers not listen to their community and continue making mistakes? | [
"Because they still make money regardless of how many mistakes they make. Despite all the disappointment with those games, they still sold millions of copies."
] | [
"Several factors. #1, with these tight release schedules, the game gets released when marketing says so, not when the developers approve it. Also, and this is a big one, if people still buy the buggy games, there isn't much incentive to fix the bugs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is cyber-bullying such a problem? Can't people just step away from their computers? | [
"I imagine that for lots of people, social networking has become an integral part of their life. In fact, it is part of their social circle. I hang out with dudes over Teamspeak that I play games with. Sometimes we meet IRL and hang out, it is also great when you can drive to another country and have a place to sle... | [
"Maybe they're stereotyped as being more gullible or they're seen as more likely to be bored with nothing to do but look at their phones all day. Just a guess. Not meant to be offensive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Where do cranes come from? | [
"[A big crane is assembled using ground level, flexible length cranes that are mobile but can't carry as big a load as the main crane](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Because most people don't live where penguins live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Pornography censorship in Japan. | [
"It comes from an old Japanese law that came from the Meiji Era (1868-1912) where content \"injurious to public morals\" was forbidden. This law was influenced by Western Victorian morals. Over time the law was relaxed in other cultures but Japan was more conservative and kept the law around. The law was eventually... | [
"Advertising, selling info, and premium versions of the free stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Technology:"
} |
How does a computer keep track of the date/time while unplugged from power and the internet? | [
"Theres a flat battery on motherboards. You gotta change em like every 6 or 7 years."
] | [
"Your phone only runs off of its battery. So there has to be sufficient charge on the battery for it to do anything. Your laptop only runs on battery when there's no AC power available. So the battery state doesn't matter when it's plugged in; it's operational immediately."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:"
} |
Why do neon signs have a buzzing noise to them? | [
"I think the most likely culprit is the transformer for the neon sign. The transformer takes the 120V or 240V 60Hz from the outlet and steps it up to several kV. The way it works is by running current through a coil of wire to create a magnetic field, and then converting that field back to a current in a secondary ... | [
"If it is an incandescent bulb (the kind you see in cartoons over a characters head when they get an idea) it is usually caused by a dimmer switch. The dimmer switch turns the bulb on and off very quickly and causes the filament to vibrate. That makes the hum. Turn the dimmer switch to full light or remove it entir... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Electrical engineering:"
} |
What is a "trigger" on Reddit, and is it a term used outside of Reddit? | [
"When some people undergo severe psychological trauma, like rape victims or soldiers, they're left with something called PTSD. Sometimes, things that remind them of the traumatic event can give them a panic attack or other unpleasant things. In some online communities, it's considered polite to warn people if you m... | [
"As a person who frequently visits \"the internet\", this is the first I've heard of this. What are your sources?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do non profit companies make money? | [
"This was explained a few days ago on reddit, so let me see if i can reguritate it. Non profit means the company isn't making profit. That still means they need qualified persons to fill their jobs. These people are paid, sometimes very competitively, to keep this organization afloat. What Non-Profit means is that ... | [
"Sometimes its fraud. Other times its because: * It costs a lot of money to fundraise * Charity workers need to make money too. * You need top-level salaries to attract people to run big charities."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What happens when you call into a talk radio station? | [
"You call the station and someone answers, they ask you what you're planning to say. If they decide your story is acceptable they will usually put you through to a point where you say your thing and it's recorded. The recording will then be played on-air and the hosts will talk about it. If it's a conversation type... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do most dish sets come with mugs instead of drinking glasses? | [
"Dishes are sold as a set so that the patterns all match. But they're mostly opaque while glasses are transparent or translucent. The glasses won't be able to match, so why bother selling them as a set? When you say mug, do you really mean cup? I haven't looked at dish sets recently, but I'd expect cups, not mugs.... | [
"Because those glass mugs are made of tempered glass that is designed to withstand the heat. Normal drinking glasses are not. Glass mugs are basically the same material as measuring cups or pyrex bakeware."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and culture:"
} |
What's happening, physically, when a computer starts overheating and becomes laggy? | [
"Usually the CPU underclocking itself. In rare cases functions might fail or bits could change because the material wasnt designed to operate at those temperatures. When the CPU cant reduce the heat enough it will simply shut itself down."
] | [
"This is assuming that your PC is properly maintained and cooled. Leaving it on at all times will wear out some parts faster, but in most PC's it's not fast enough to really matter. You'll probably end up upgrading parts or buying a new PC before it really matters. Some people leave their computers on all the time ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
what exactly is a "resource based economy" and how would/could it work? | [
"A resource based economy is one that gets most of its wealth from natural resources, like oil, lumber, or mining. Let's say a small island nation with 100 people discovers a massive copper deposit. Up until that point, they had a few tourists per year, but generally had to sustain themselves. Suddenly, 90 people ... | [
"A 'true' communist state (under the marxist definition) never has and never will exist. The states currently existing and that have existed that are commonly labeled communist countries are not actually communist. In layman's terms: in a true communist society, there IS NO government at all. Im on my phone so I ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What are the beads in hand sanitizers, and why do they float? | [
"They're [microbeads:](_URL_0_) > Microbeads are plastic microspheres that are widely used in cosmetics as exfoliating agents and personal care products such as toothpaste, as well as biomedical and health science research, microscopy techniques, fluid visualization and fluid flow analysis, and process troubleshoo... | [
"For: wash off pesticides, dirt. Against: why the hell would there be anything against washing your fruit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it feel so good to scratch an itch? | [
"Insects cause itch. Insects are sometimes bad for you. Scratching removes said insects. It's an evolutionary thing, scratching removes irritants."
] | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does the body need carbon dioxide? | [
"CO2 plays a vital role in maintaining the acid-base balance of your blood. The more CO2 in your blood, the more acidic it is. When you hyperventilate, you expel much of the CO2 in your blood, making it more alkaline. This is known as [respiratory alkalosis](_URL_0_). Respiratory alkalosis leads to light-headedness... | [
"The equation of life is: sugar + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + energy So most of this weight is lost as exhaled carbon dioxide and water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why did the people of Toronto vote for Rob Ford? | [
"His base is primarily in the suburban areas which felt under-represented by past candidates. He has a man-of-the-people image that he has worked hard to cultivate, in truth he is from the wealthy elite. Ford would personally return his constituents calls, small town style. His buffoonery is genuine. Despite the me... | [
"What's a Tory, and why do so many people seem to hate them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
easing yourself into hot/cold water to acclimate your body | [
"Brains are cool and are able to adapt to any constant/repetitive stimulus such that you no longer realize you percieve it. (clocks ticking, your own footsteps). This might be why you stop feeling it, since your vrain is like \"okay i get it, its hot. lets move on\""
] | [
"Hot water causes vasodilatation which feed into two systems while in hot water - it helps to disappate heat but also, water warms up the blood in our body, raising core body temperature. After you get out of the hot water your body is not giving away all the heat you have accumulated at once, but body is disappati... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Where is all accepted scientific knowledge kept? | [
"There is no single gatekeeper, who decides what is and is not \"accepted scientific knowledge\". Nor is science like mathematics, where a proof can be self-evidently correct. It depends on evidence, which may be inaccurately or unreliably collected or interpreted. As such, scientific knowledge is provisional, base... | [
"There would be urine in the ocean. What kind of information are you looking to have explained?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
SSH clients ? What are they used for ? And how can I get started ? | [
"So you could just being up a terminal on a box you're sitting right next to, or you can ssh into that box from elsewhere and use a terminal as if you were sitting at that box. It's like remote desktop for a terminal. Also, you can do things like set up x-sessions through ssh. I guess it's like a secure remote de... | [
"They are probably meaning that you should set up an ssh tunnel to an external computer (such as a rented server space, or in principle your home computer), and route all your traffic through it. I don't know how to do this offhand, and to be honest nobody is likely to walk you through the process on ELI5, it's a t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a turning a faucet change the temperature of water | [
"There are two tubes running into your faucet. One straight from the mains, and the other from your water heater. When you open the faucet, the tap itself opens to allow water to flow out. When you turn the faucet, you are changing the amount of water coming through each of the pipes. All the way to the hot side op... | [
"Has nothing to do with kitchen or bathroom, only depends on the distance the water has to travel from the heater to the output."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if certain viruses need a living host to survive, why haven't they adapted to a point where they don't ultimately kill their host? | [
"Most viruses probably are benign or even beneficial to the host, but two things can happen: 1) A virus can jump species and have new effects on the new species it didn't on the prior one 2) As long as it stay alive long enough to spread again it won't die off. It's at an evolutionary disadvantage compared to an in... | [
"It uses your cells to produce more of itself, which then go on to infect others. They continue to exist because they do this well enough that not all of the viruses are wiped out by your body before spreading elsewhere. If you're asking \"what do they get\" in a sort of \"what are their goals\" sense, they don't ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Medical:"
} |
how muscles get stronger. | [
"Imagine a village that has a very valuable treasure in it and the villagers build a big wall around it to protect the treasure! Well lets say someone comes along and tears down the wall to get to the treasure. The villagers are really upset by this and after the wall is torn down they decide to build it back up ev... | [
"Taking bkood from your body lowers your blood pressure, and triggers your bone marrow to start making more. Its more complicated than that.. But.."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did the Allies attack the most fortified place in Europe at Normandy rather than landing the bulk of their armies on a less dangerous coastline? | [
"It wasn't the most fortified place in France at the time. That would be the Pas de Calais, the most obvious place to invade (you can see England from there). The point of allied deception operations was to convince the OKW that the landings in Normandy were actually a feint, and that the real push would come with ... | [
"Marines would have been more successful at a beach landing, but there was only one beach landing on D-Day (more or less, if you group it together). After D-Day the Allied forces had to fight inland, which was more suited towards the Army. In the Pacific, the troops had to go \"Island Hopping.\" They would deploy ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What would the repercussions be IRL for someone who did what Jack Black did in "School of Rock"? | [
"Trespassing at school. And most likely a couple dozen counts of kid napping for taking them off campus."
] | [
"It's not unheard of at all, it happens all the time. Ever see *The Lord of the Rings*? Elijah Wood, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Liv Tyler, Hugo Weaving (Australian) all playing vaguely British-sounding characters. How about Natalie Portman in *V For Vendetta*? RDJ in *Sherlock Holmes*? *Bridget Jones’ Diary*? The... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is a pocket veto? Why is it legal? | [
"It's a legal maneuver. If congress passes a bill, the president has 10 days to decide to sign or veto. If he does nothing, then the bill automatically passes. However, if, during that 10 day period, congress adjourns, then if the president takes no action, the bill is automatically vetoed. This is the pocket veto.... | [
"Why is election on weekdays instead of weekends?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do banks offer interest? What’s in it for them? | [
"They get your money. Would you give money to a bank if you didn't get anything in return? The interest is a payment to you so you'll give them your money."
] | [
"The rate of the central bank is going to be very different from the rates offered to individuals by commercial banks. The Federal Reserve (US) kept its interest rate in a range of 0% to 0.25% for years, but commercial rates for, say, mortgages was in the range of ~3-6% during that period. But yes, you've got the b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how does garbage always smell the same when it is composed of innumerable different smelly objects? | [
"Because it mostly only smells when there's rotting food waste in it and it is the same types of bacteria breaking it down and emitting the same types of by products that smell. You don't get that smell if it's just wood or paper or plastic or metal etc."
] | [
"its feces, cocaine, sweat, body oils and a bunch of other stuff all mixed together."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does combination of smoking cigarette and drinking alcohol gives an overwhelming feeling of drunk-ness? | [
"Because the nicotine gives you a headrush while the alcohol also similarily gives you that light headed euphoric feeling also then you now have nicotine and alcohol in your blood. Nicotine causes nausea and so does alcohol so you probably have a combined worsening nausea. But.. aww thats cute you still notice the... | [
"Alcohol although a depressant, spikes your blood sugar which gives you energy. Consuming nicotine reduces anxiety making it easier to fall asleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and lifestyle:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health and lifestyle:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What happens with the surplus energy of my bike dynamo? | [
"It is dissipated as heat. When an electric device fails to \"use\" more energy, generally it's because resistance is increasing -- often by design. Pumping more electricity through resistors causes them to turn it into heat, which then goes out into the atmosphere."
] | [
"They sell it back by measuring the flow thru their electric meter, the electric company pays the market rate for the electricity you provide back."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do children like to draw so much? | [
"I think everyone likes to draw. We have a natural-born desire to create and to express ourselves through visual art. Unfortunately many of us lose that desire due to laziness, lack of time, distractions, and/or discouragement from adults. Kids haven't experienced those pressures to the same degree yet. Personally,... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do children's stomachs look bloated when they are malnourished? | [
"It's called kwashiorkor, and is caused by a protein deficiency. In normal conditions, we have proteins floating around in the blood, which causes fluid to be retained due to osmotic forces. However, this protein needs to be replenished. When it isn't, fluids will pool in the soft tissues of the body, and will caus... | [
"Because you have so much mucus flowing into your stomach you feel full and don't produce the hormones that make you feel hungry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Where does skin allergy come from? | [
"Allergy is a very complex proces even for specialist, but if explain it in general allergy is a defect of immune system when immune cells thinks that some safe substances are dangerous (like some food, pollen or animal fur) Immune cells are located almost everywhere in organism, also there a lot of them in skin, s... | [
"They're usually caused by a virus or infection. Takes some time for your body to fight it off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do pilots know ahead of time when turbulance is going to occur? | [
"Meteorological information can be used to predict turbulence with reasonable precision. Also, aircraft will report when encountering turbulence and air traffic control will relay that to other aircraft in the area."
] | [
"A pothole in an airport Runway would have catastrophic results for a plane that strikes it while Landing. The runways are regularly checked year-round to make sure that there are no obstructions or surface damage that could potentially impact a plane as it takes off or lands"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why medical establishments can charge outrageously high prices for their services, when the identical procedure can be done somewhere else for a fraction of the price? On the same note, how is it even legal for them to hide the price until they give you the bill? | [
"> Can someone please explain to me what in the hell is going on here? What is going on is that the American healthcare system is a sad joke."
] | [
"Hospitals overcharge insurance companies because most people don't directly deal with the cost of medical treatment in the United States. This is part of the reason why the United States healthcare costs twice that of similarly developed countries yet delivers similar or worse results. If you did not have insuranc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do Lithium Ion batteries lose their ability to maintain charge after many cycles of charging? | [
"It is due to several things. The most important is physical. During charging/discharging lithium atoms move from one electrode to the other. The lithium goes into tiny pores in a sponge like electrode, but when this happens the sponge swells up. Repeated swelling and shrinking eventually causes cracking and fractu... | [
"Only for old, NiCd batteries, otherwise they can develop the \"memory effect\" and wind up with less capacity. For anything newer you do not want to fully discharge the battery as it can damage the cell. For new Li-Ion batteries you ideally want to keep it at around 80% charge as much as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the burden of proof on the defendant instead of the accuser in the case of patent trolls? | [
"You're a little mistaken on the burden of proof. Because it's a civil case the burden of proof is more balanced than in a criminal case but that doesn't mean the defendant is \"guilty until proven innocent\" it just means they have to present a case that is more likely to be true than the accuser. If you think of ... | [
"The notion of Innocent until proven guilty isn't a principle that prevents you from being detained (that right is addressed by the constitution) rather it is a concept of \"Burden of Proof\". Innocent until proven guilty is a term that simplifies the concept of presumption of innocence. When charged with a crime, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Law and Criminal Justice:"
} |
Why do unplugging things and plugging them back in cause them to start working again? | [
"Basically software can have small errors in it. Or hardware can occasionally error. One common problem is memory leaks. But basically the longer something runs the more likely it will have minor errors. The longer it runs the more those errors accumulate. So turning it off, and turning it back on resets the syste... | [
"Many computers do momentarily power off when restarting. However the capacitors on the motherboard have not been lacking power for long enough to completely discharge their power and so can still hold some things in memory. Sort of like when you unplug a power adapter from the wall but the little light on the bric... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some people say, 'on accident,' and others say, 'by accident'? | [
"Someone said \"on accident\" by accident, never owned up to the mistake and it caught on"
] | [
"For to/too, I say that if you're talking about someone doing a similar thing, it's too, and if you're talking about a destination/journey it's to. e.g. 'I'm going to the shops.' 'Me too.' For effect/affect, I use RAVEN (Remember, affect verb, effect noun). For who/whom, if you can replace it with 'he' or 'she' it'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Static vs dynamic IP address, and how an IP address differs from a Mac address | [
"Mac address is an identifying number hard coded onto the hardware by the manufacturer. Dynamic addresses are IP addresses automatically assigned and re-assigned by a DHCP server. Static addresses are IP addresses assigned by the person installing the system in the IP configuration options and do not change unless ... | [
"A 169.254.x.x is an APIPA IP address. This generally occurs because there was a breakdown in communication/response with a DHCP server. The usual fix is to correct any network configuration issues to ensure access to DHCP server or correct any DHCP server configuration issues. Quick and basic things to check on th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
if diseases like hiv are blood/vector borne, why don't humans and animals in western society contract it, via mosquitoes from one person to the next? | [
"Mosquitos (and other insects) have two tubes they pierce you with - one for injecting saliva, and another for withdrawing blood. It's basically a one-way system - fluid goes out of the insect through the saliva tube, and in through the blood tube. This means that any viruses sucked up through the blood tube won't... | [
"originally they were just some other disease. they mutated into something which was able to be more effectively spread and live longer by mutating in such a way as to transmit via intercourse, rather than some other method, (ex via ingestion.) now they are pretty much exclusively spread via intercourse. they don't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can someone explain why Jesus is often one in the same as God, and why do people pray to both? | [
"Christian doctrine describes [The Trinity](_URL_0_): - The Father - The Son - The Holy Spirit (or Holy Ghost) They are separate but one. While Jesus was distinct Jesus was, in their theology, literally God on Earth. So, praying to Jesus is the same as praying to God. They are the same entity. If this leads you to... | [
"From a Christian: Yes, our gods come from the same cultural origin (Abraham). What differs is out ideas of His manifestation. Christians believe in a personal God who sent his own son in human form, etc, you've heard the story. Islam and Judaism disregards Jesus as the son of God. Islam regards him as a prophet l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does your stomach 'drop' when your in an elevator? | [
"Because that's literally what happens. Your stomach has inertia, it wants to stay where it is. Your body suddenly starts moving up, it has to exert a force on your insides to get them to also move up. Same thing coming back down."
] | [
"The butterflies sensation is caused by a lack of blood flow to your stomach. It is a result of adrenaline being released because you are nervous. Different people have different nervous reactions. I dont get butterflies, but my legs get shaky. Some people get sweaty palms. Everyone is a bit different in their resp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is ETH Ethereum cryptocurrency, why it has value and what are "smart contracts"? | [
"[This is a great explanation video](_URL_0_) from a programming point of view - explained in layman's' terms. It helped me to distinguish the difference between BTC and ETH."
] | [
"Crypto is hot right now. An ICO is an initial coin offering. They allow you to buy some of the initial release of their country for a value they all but arbitrarily picked. Few are actually work the value they post. Most are worthless."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
A couple days ago, a 300 year old Stradivarius violin was stolen (and later found.) What would be the point of stealing something so famous that anyone who can afford the million-dollar price tag would recognize as a stolen item? | [
"Theft by contract. A millionaire decides that he wants something his money can't buy in a conventional way, so he pays someone to steal it for him. He doesn't care if people know that he has it or not; the satisfaction of possession alone is worth the price he pays to have it stolen."
] | [
"The easiest way is to sell it. If the painting sells for $100, it's a $100 painting, but if it sells for $90 million, it's a $90 million painting. If actually selling the painting is impractical, there are alternatives. The value of most paintings actually has very little to do with the painting itself - even Pica... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Is drinking only carbonated water (no added sodium or anything in it) just as good as drinking regular water? | [
"it's marginally worse. your body has to spend other resources like calcium to fight he acidity."
] | [
"Okay, there's a problem with the premise. There is a common misconception that we must drink a specific amount of water each day to meet a \"daily requirement\". Not true. So long as you are peeing regularly, you're getting enough water. And that water comes from all sources that contain it, including other bevera... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
If home electronics in USA is working at 110V, why do we use 220V electric current in Europe. Isn't 110V more energy efficient? | [
"Higher voltages are generally more efficient because they reduce the current needed to deliver a required number of watts, and lower current means less power lost to heat in the wires. That's why pylons carry thousands of volts rather than 110V or 220V. On the other hand, lower voltages are safer because a smaller... | [
"Current can be changed using step up or step down transformers. V2/V1 = I1/I2 So in your case, V1 is 120 V and I1 is 20A, V2 is ? and I2 is 90A... V2 = I1V1/I2 = 20 * 120 / 90 = 26.67 V All sorts of consumer electronics use transformers. Most of the things you have that run off of mains power actually have transfo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do people say that we are violating the constitutional rights of illegal immigrants? Don't the constitutional rights only apply to U.S. citizens?? | [
"Often described as a \"living document,\" the Constitution has repeatedly been interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court, federal appeals courts and Congress in order to address the ever-changing needs and demands of the people. While many argue that \"We the People of the United States,\" refers only to legal citizen... | [
"The 10th amendment says \"if it's not in the Constitution, the states are in charge\". The 14th Amendment says \"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States\" and the Supreme Court ruled that refusing to issue marriage licenses to gay cou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Can someone explain the physical pain I experience when I accompany my wife on a long shopping day? It's different from normal headaches but I wonder why. And IT'S REAL! (Does anyone get this?) | [
"I wonder of its exposure to certain fluorescent lights. I get that, too. Not every florescent light does it. I'm not really willing to do the trial and error to figure it out. :) I would have never realized it was the lights if I hadn't known others with the same problem. Anecdotal story time: I was taking an e... | [
"I get these too. Anyone saying that this could be some underlying condition just doesn't properly understand. For me, it's not like it's associated with anything in particular. I can't say that the pain is my muscle or my bone. It just hurts really bad for a couple of seconds and then it's gone, just like you des... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Nasa want to send a wind-powered robot to Jupiter. How does this work when there's no wind in space? | [
"There's no wind in space, but there's wind in Jupiter's atmosphere, just like there's wind here on Earth. The probe will reach Jupiter the same way that other probes have been sent to planets before."
] | [
"Venus's surface temperature is 800 degrees, the atmosphere is beyond toxic, and it rains metal. We're not going there any time soon. Same goes for Mercury, too hot. Mars itself is a six month trip away, a trip to Jupiter would take years, same with Saturn or any of its moons. It took Voyager nearly 40 years just t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
The feeling in my throat when im holding back tears | [
"When you're about to cry, your brain detects that your body is under stress. It automatically sends signals out into your nervous system, including one to **increase air intake**. The opening in your throat that leads down to your lungs gets wider, to accommodate deeper breathing and so on. The shaking feeling is ... | [
"Because you have tears in your eyes and it's first passing through them to get to your eyes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how can animated shows, like the simpsons, be cranked out episode after episode so fast? | [
"They're all being worked on simultaneously. This way, every episode is in the same stage of production at the same time which greatly cuts down the amount of chaos and time spent in total. How do you think shows that are Netflix originals can release all the episodes at once? It's kind of the same thing but on TV,... | [
"This is my opinion, not sure if it is shared with others. Simpsons used to have good plots. Even without the jokes, the plot made it interesting. The jokes, they were often witty and always fresh. Celebrities made appearances once in a while and it enhanced the experience. After season 12 or so, the writers just ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is there such a huge gender gap among Wikipedia editors? | [
"I had no idea this was true. It suggests a problematic bias in Wikipedia."
] | [
"The article addresses gender, but I don't see where it addresses race at all. That's a bit surprising, considering the ongoing effective segregation in the US education system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Sociology:"
} |
The proper technique for caring for your teeth. | [
"> However, it seems like whenever I go to the dentist there's problem x with my gums. What is the proper technique for caring for your teeth so that I can ace every dentist visit? Next time you go for a cleaning, the last thing they usually do is floss you. At this time ask the technician which areas of your teeth... | [
"Because you have a significant amount of iron in your blood."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The legality of marijuana in US states. | [
"The federal constitution clearly states that states cannot override federal law. States can be more restrictive, but cannot allow something the federal government says is illegal. The decriminalization of marijuana by the states is illegal. The federal government has marched their forces in to arrest and shut down... | [
"It is depending on who you ask, and that's why it's completely legal in some jurisdictions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Law and Politics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Law and Politics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
when someone has a higher alcohol tolerance than someone else, what’s the difference on a molecular level? | [
"There's these tiny little molecules in your body that break alcohol down into not-alcohol (alcohol dehydrogenase). some people have more of these little worker buddies than others. A lot of it is genetic. Old people have less."
] | [
"Heart beat speed is a common factor, faster heart beat tends to equal shorter life expectancy while slower heart beats equal longer life expectancy. I read this once so take with a grain of salt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:"
} |
How is it possible for Cam Newton to pay a 198.8% tax rate, as claimed by Forbes? | [
"He's not paying all of those taxes on his Super Bowl winnings. He's paying taxes on his normal salary too. And his normal salary is about $20 million a year, so even a small fraction of that is more than what winning the Super Bowl pays. The article's point is that, if he *weren't* playing in the Super Bowl in Cal... | [
"Someone is willing to pay $50,000 for it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
The difference between the processor and memory of a computer? | [
"**Like you're 5**: Processor - does the sums. Memory - is the paper on which the sums are written."
] | [
"Because it has a smaller percentage of the initial total market compared to IE in windows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Climate change, how is the earth warming, and making some parts colder at the same time? | [
"Climate change can, among other things, alter prevailing trends in global wind currents. For instance, some studies in Europe have suggested that the loss of sea ice could contribute to a phenomenon where artic air currents predominate more steadfastly over Northern Europe than they do now. So even though the Eart... | [
"higher CO2 will lead to increased temperatures, among other problems. This will lead to may issues including melting of ice caps and ocean levels rising. This is the whole basis behind concerns about climate change, if you're unaware of the current terminology."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come the British colonization of Ireland was able to spread the English language but not religion? | [
"It did spread religion. England was originally Catholic, and they spread that Catholicism to Ireland. Then, during the rule of Henry the 8th, England split from the Catholic church, so that Henry could get divorced and remarried. That's how you get the Church of England."
] | [
"For one thing, the American revolution happened relatively early on in the history of the British Empire, so American culture has had more time to diverge from British culture. Where as Canada had continued British influence, even to the present day to some extent. Other colonies such as Australia and New Zealand ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does a coke machine sometimes give me 2 cans instead of one? | [
"It's just a basic cost-risk trade-off. A more accurate machine costs more money than a less accurate machine. Soda is cheap, so giving one out for free every once in a while is less costly than buying the expensive machine. That being said, If you are regularly getting 20 cokes from the machine it is likely in a s... | [
"If you really wanted cola and orange you would buy both. If manufacturers mixed the packs people may only buy one 6 pack of mixed instead of 2 packs of 6. This would lead to people buying and drinking less soda which the big corporations couldn't allow."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do UV lamps dry nail polish? | [
"There are groups of materials that react in a specific way to certain circumstances. Sometimes it's water, sometimes it's air, sometimes its light etc. It's mostly related to the way the material is built, internal structure, how particles are arranged and connected. In this case, there is a substance called photo... | [
"Why not just paint it with clear nail polish?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why if our body temperature is 98.6* do we sweat and feel hot if it is 90* outside? | [
"Your body is constantly producing heat, but it needs to stay at around 98.6* (or whatever your default temperature is! Mine's 97.9*!) to maintain homeostasis. That means that everything is most likely to function as intended at that temperature. The hotter your environment, the harder it is for your body to shed t... | [
"98.6 degrees F is the human average. Indeed, 99 degrees is usually considered the beginning of a fever and anything over 100 degrees is certainly a fever. This of course varies from person to person so it cannot be applied to every human. Much lower than 98.6 degrees and you're prolly dead, right 💁♂️"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
The difference between 4WD HI and 4WD LO. | [
"4 Low is a lower gear set, for when you need more power. You're using a gear set that moves more pulling power to the tires, in exchange for extremely limited speed. 4 high is a higher gear set, for when you want power to all 4 tires, but don't want to be as limited in your speed. It's the 4WD equivalent of first ... | [
"FWD Front wheel drive RWD Rear wheel drive. 4WD 4 wheel drive usually has a switch that activates the two front wheels. AWD symetrical all wheel drive all the time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If there isn't such thing as a sugar high, then what causes you to act hyper after eating candy or drinking a can of coke? | [
"[Peer pressure and placebo, mostly.](_URL_0_) Similar experiment involving non-alcoholic beer produced \"tipsy\" people even though the drinks contained absolutely no alcohol. Look at people who drink vitamin water/fruit juices which contain almost as much sugar yet don't act hyper since they believe they aren't ... | [
"Almost everything will make *someone* nauseous, or vomit. Will that be you? Probably not, but there's a chance. I myself can't have too much caffeine or it makes me feel nauseous. Other people, my parents for example, drink Starbucks or energy drinks like water. Instead of water, would probably be more appropriate... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do computers, as they get older, slow down even if there are no viruses/spyware on them? | [
"As time goes on, software is written to take advantage of the fact that newer computers have more processing power. That is, computers get faster, so software adds more features because they're now feasible with the additional processing power. But if your computer continues to be the same speed, the perceived spe... | [
"Computers have two types of memory. RAM is like short term memory which is very fast, but everything in RAM is deleted when the computer shuts down. The hard drive is slower, but holds a lot more and will not be deleted on shutdown. Whatever programs you have running store most of their data in RAM. If that data g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do movie studios disclose everything about their movies' budgets and revenue but game studios don't do the same for their games? | [
"Movie studios generally don't disclose everything about their budgets. The stuff you see is just a publicly releasable number regarding an approximation of the production cost of the movie. Thats just one aspect of the overall process, and its a fundamental part of the movie processes, so its often a pretty well k... | [
"One factor is that film producers take on bigger risks and are therefore more cautious. It's no trouble for NBC to try out a bunch of different show ideas - If a show doesn't make money, they cancel it and cut their losses. Feature films are a much bigger investment, and if they don't make money, there's not much ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does Hand Sanitizer work, and how effective is it? | [
"The active ingredient in most hand sanitizers is is isopropyl alcohol, which works by disrupting the lipid structure in cell membranes. It's also quite effective against common viruses since they are usually enveloped in a phospholipid shell as well. It's [quite effective](_URL_0_) with some caveats."
] | [
"Keeping our eyes moist is a lot easier this way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Biology:"
} |
Why do phones need SIM cards? Do they actually allow connection or are they just data storages? | [
"Well 'need' is a strong word. Technically they don't need one, and they can make a 911/999/112 call just fine without one if they're in range of a tower. Your carrier requires it because it's a means of authentication. It's reasonably secure for use as an identification. The SIM is how the network knows your phone... | [
"SIM cards on their own cannot be tracked but once inserted in a phone it can be tracked through the SIM's serial number and the phone's IMEI number. These details are automatically sent to the nearest network tower. GSM phones can be located using the signal information pretty accurately without even GPS. Each p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why planets rotate on a flat plain? | [
"The solar system was developed from a cloud of gas. That cloud of gas condensed and started to spin for whatever reason (gravimetrics are very interesting.) The condensing and spinning flattened out the cloud. The center became the sun, and the remainder of the cloud that wasn't taken into the sun became the 8 maj... | [
"there is no example of a perfect circle anywhere on earth, let alone around its circumference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Indonesia's lung cancer rate so low (58th) despite the incredibly high smoking rate there (80.2% of males) | [
"The average life expectancy in Indonesia is about 70 to 71 years, according to Google. Also, according to google, the average age of diagnosing Cancer is about 70. Also, 2 out of 3 People that are diagnosed with lung cancer are above 65 years old, according to google. People in Indonesia just die earlier, before t... | [
"There's [virtually no difference](_URL_0_) in cigarette consumption between the US and Germany (1028 vs. 1045 per year per capita). Maybe it's just more visible to you because of where you're spending most of your time in both countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are electric cars and hybrids, which have more powerful motors, quieter than power drills and blenders? | [
"The power tools and such might be using brushed motors which are notoriously louder than the brushless design I would imagine a serious car would use."
] | [
"Tesla car engines have precisely zero in common with conventional car engines. They are electric motors - similar to the motor that makes your washing machine go round, only much, much more powerful. And most of the space that is normally taken up by an engine is actually taken up by the batteries in electric cars... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
For this year's U.S. election, why are some states considered "battleground" states? | [
"Others have talked about how many states are either strongly republican or strongly democratic, making the few that could go either way more important. But what's alluded to but understated is the significance of the \"winner take all\" approach that applies to all but two states. If a state is likely to be 60% d... | [
"Having a national popular vote would force candidates to try to court voters in all states, not just swing states. In the last election cycle, something like 80% of money and 70% of trips were in just 15 states - including Florida, Ohio, Iowa, and other swing states. States like California, Texas, Massachusetts, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do classic arcade machines have players look at the screen through a mirror rather than looking directly at the monitor? | [
"Those monitors were HUGE. If they had put them facing you, the back of the machine would have poked out really far, so they put them in the bottom, reversed the image (so everything wouldn't be backwards), aimed them up and have you look at the reflection. Basically, they did it to save space."
] | [
"The term \"frontlit\" screen is somewhat of a misnomer....but I'll try to answer: Simply, a frontlit display is lit from in front of the display, as opposed to from behind. That sounds pretty straightforward, until you realize that the backlit screens on our phones and laptops and TVs display light by shining a bu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come prisoners in supermax prisons where they're not allowed to talk to anybody don't all go crazy? | [
"They do. It's a real issue, solitary confinement causes massive mental trauma on those inflicted by it."
] | [
"It's not allowed... But say you're in prison and a gang rapes you. You tell on that gang. Where are they going to go? Another prison? No, they just get some privilege taken away... and now there you are... mere feet away from them. You think they're going to just leave you alone now because you might tell on them?... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is adrenaline and why does it do what it does? | [
"I'll defer to Wikipedia for a good explanation of all the hormonal goodness of epinephrine/adrenaline: _URL_0_ But in terms of the average human not being able to flip cars for fun, think of your body just like any other machine, a car for instance. You can get great performance out of your car by driving it unsaf... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why does putting salt on a slug kill it? | [
"> I'm comfortable with the idea of diffusion (by which I understand that, due to the continued random movement of particles, a given substance will spread out in a fluid until there is no concentration gradient in the container). This is the key to understanding osmosis, along with the idea that **water is no exce... | [
"It will cause water to try and leave the bacterial cell. If the cell loses too much water too quickly, it will die. This is also why it hurts so damn bad to get salt in an open cut."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do stars twinkle if the light we're seeing is from thousands of years ago and most things aren't big enough to block its light? | [
"Stars twinkle due to atmospheric interference. If you've ever seen \"heat waves\" shimmering above a road, you're seeing a similar principle at work. Gasses can cause interference with light passing through them. In the case of a twinkling star, you're seeing the atmosphere scattering the light as it passes throug... | [
"Light is made up of particles. Those particles have to travel quite some distance in order to reach us. Since we know how fast light travels we can deduct how far away the source is and how long it took that light to reach us. In fact, there are parts of space we can't see because the light particles simply haven'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the document about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the document about astronomy:"
} |
If person A saves person B's life through CPR but person B's rib gets broken during chest compressions, why is person B able to sue person A? Why doesn't the judge through the case out of court? | [
"Person B can sue, but the judge will always throw the case out. Except in rare circumstances where evidence proves beyond a reasonable doubt that there was gross negligence or malicious intent. Which, let's be honest, if someone wanted someone dead all they'd have to do is NOT perform cpr. Source:EMT"
] | [
"Good Samaritan laws are special laws that protect someone who is responding to an emergency situation attempting to help. So doing something like breaking a window to rescue a child in a closed car, breaking someone's arm when you try to pull them out of a wreck, etc which technically involves criminal acts such a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How are professional rugby players able to tolerate such physical punishment seemingly with little injury where as soccer, basketball and protected American football players seem to have devastating injuries quite frequently? | [
"As a rugby player I'll give my thoughts but they aren't science backed or anything. When you play rugby you learn how to take an impact without getting injured. You learn how to fall correctly and brace before you get hit. If you watch some \"big hit compilations\" on YouTube you will see that there is plenty of i... | [
"I don't understand your question. Professional fighting is a legitimate sport and the necessary precautions are taken so the fighters don't get seriously injured. Sometimes they do, but that's no different from other sports. In fact, fighting is a relatively safe sport. Basketball, soccer, ice hockey and football ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do companies trap the back button? How can making it very difficult to get off a page be good for their site? | [
"without running such a site, I assume that these overtly obtrusive sites are only in it to make a dime once. They dont expect you to return (atleast not intentionally) but they will get as many page loads as they can while you are there."
] | [
"Some do. However, instead of encouraging the users to disable adblock, it usually just guarantees that the user will never return to that site. That's not a winning solution."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why did Russia invade Ukraine? | [
"Ukraine had a pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych who sparked massive protests when he turned down a deal that would have brought Ukraine closer to the EU in favor of closer ties with Russia. After he fled the country, a new, more pro-Western government was elected that promptly signed that deal. Putin's regim... | [
"Most Likely the US and European Countries in NATO will conduct air raids on Syrian military and government positions like what happened in Libya."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Our cell phones update our pictures and contacts to the cloud, why can't a planes black box do the same? | [
"Because it lost contact. The point of the black box is to store information *after* the plane loses contact. All of the pertinent information prior to losing contact is already transmitted."
] | [
"It's where everything you own would be connected to the internet. For instance your fridge or your fruit bowl. Each device would behave differently and post data to the internet. For instance your fridge would relay its temperature and allow you to adjust it. Maybe your fruit bowl would send you a text when there'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about aviation:",
"pos": "Represent the document about aviation:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Public vs. Private Citizenship in America | [
"If you're talking about the sovereign citizen types, who claim that you aren't bound by tax or other laws, there **isn't** a way to do it, and trying it will get you fined or sent to jail when you break one of those laws they supposedly aren't bound by. It's a scam, pure and simple. Up here in Canada, they call th... | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans think other sentient beings would use radio signals to communicate with other intelligent life? | [
"Most of scientists who are looking for other species, accept that other species might use other methods of communication but since WE don't have access to those methods, radio is our best option. The scientists looking for radio waves aren't expecting all other life to use radio waves but they are hoping that if w... | [
"When NASA talks about the SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence) project, what they are talking about is detecting signs of life that has advanced far enough in terms of intelligence to be able to send signs of their existence (e.g. radiowaves) far enough into space for us to be able to detect them. As o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are so many people dying building in Qatar? | [
"Largely because it is really really hot and while local regulations state that workers shouldn't work during the hottest hours of the day that has been forgotten regarding the workers from abroad. That combined with long hours and general hard labour is leading to lots of people dying of exhaustion."
] | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to our social media accounts when we die? | [
"I can't speak for the others, but Facebook actually has a feature where you can have your account 'memorialized' or permanently deactivated in the event of death. With a memorialized account you can link another account, friend, relative, whatever, and they're given some control of your account; they can't read yo... | [
"When a company goes bankrupt, or is bought by another company, the promises they made to you often are no longer valid or honored. This is one of the concerns that people have about Facebook. What happens when something better comes along and Facebook becomes the next MySpace?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why doesn't taxidermied animals rot like other dead animals? | [
"A) Because the gut is removed, which contains the bacteria that cause the body to rot in the first place and B) because the skin is embalmed to prevent it from rotting."
] | [
"Animals don't save their meat to be eaten later. You could eat a freshly-killed deer or something raw as well, provided it doesn't have parasites. But when you bring it home to eat later, bacteria start growing on it. You have to cook it to make it safe again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do phones like the Nokia Lumia charge wirelessly? | [
"Not an expert, but I believe it's called induction charging. It's not new technology, electric toothbrushes (for example) have been using this for years. Rather than having to make a solid electrical contact (plugging it in), the charging base creates an electromagnetic field and you just have to place the batter... | [
"The original USB plug was made asymmetrical because the computer wouldn't understand the data if it was coming in backwards. The most recent version of USB fixes this, and there's a new cable (USB type-C) that can be plugged in either way. A number of devices are starting to use this new plug, like the current gen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Electrical plugs and their design:"
} |
Why aren't more electronics waterproof? | [
"It is significant extra expense and engineering challenge for something most users don't need. Most of your life is in a dry environment, why spend a lot of work so you can dunk your laptop in the tub?"
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why is it more instinctual to hold our breaths while lifting something heavy, than it is to breath properly? | [
"when lifting an heavy object, your body needs to become rigid enough to lift such object. So you start tensing your muscles to create a strong enough structure capable to lift. Breathing involve the diaphragm to expand and retract the rib cage. in order to do so, the upper chest needs to be \"soft\" enough to allo... | [
"As far as I know, it has to do with the jolt of your right leg hitting the ground when you walk or run or work out. The jolt smacks into your diaphragm, which retaliates by cramping up. I think. With this in mind and with personal experience in mind, it helps to lean over a little and breathe deeply until it passe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can animals tell the difference between play and attacking? | [
"I think they learn each other's body language, like we did with dogs and like dogs did with us."
] | [
"In college I was told that certain kinds of monkeys make similar sounding screeches to warn others in their group. Not sure if that's true."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it seem like all of Africa is politically unstable? | [
"Many African countries are quite stable, but there are a lot of African countries so the number of unstable ones in Africa can seem high. Much of Africa was also under colonial rule at some point until this century; as a result their borders got drawn somewhat arbitrarily, artificially dividing and grouping cultur... | [
"Have you been paying attention to the news at all this past year? FIFA is astonishingly corrupt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What happens--physiologically-speaking--when someone returning to riding a bicycle builds up immunity(?) to being saddle-sore? | [
"A few things. Just like you form calluses on your toes, heals, hands, etc. Your tissue also toughens in response to the added stress targeted in that area. Your sensory also becomes a bit dulled as use goes on just like you get used to wearing glasses for example."
] | [
"There's a theory that the mechanoreceptors (pressure receptors) can overpower the nociceptors (pain receptors) in your skin. Hence the scientific fact that we all want someone to give kissy kissies our boo boos wah wahs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Biology:"
} |
Facebook application request limit reached | [
"Welp, i was just directed here after a search, glad to know, this is more of a widespread issue. Hoping it'll get fixed"
] | [
"This sums it up nicely for you. _URL_0_ It's basically to prevent view rigging."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does a broken mirror show many tiny images instead of one image with lots of cracks? | [
"The glass is all pointing in slightly different directions, and so the light reflected off of each little surface is coming from a different place before being reflected to your eye."
] | [
"Shine a flashlight through a toilet paper roll. Of course you can see the light clearly when you look directly into the roll. But when you look at it from the side, you can only see the illuminated inner side of the roll, not the light itself. So the light you now see is different, dimmer and probably a bit distor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
How do those gel heatpack work? | [
"They use a compound called sodium acetate - also sometimes known as 'hot ice'. It is a material that can easily be supercooled - taken well below it's melting point without solidifying again. When you click the disc on the handwarmer, this starts the gel crystallising/solidifying. At temperatures colder than 50-s... | [
"Actually, ELI5, how the fuck are you relieving ear itches with your tongue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How solar panels work | [
"2 layers of silicon crystals are laid on top of each other. One layer likes having extra electrons, the other layer likes giving up electrons. The sun's energy bounces electrons all over but in general they move towards the top layer causing a negative charge to build up and since it took those from the bottom, th... | [
"Solar cells, while the operating principle is simple, are very expensive and difficult to manufacture because of the ceramic materials required. (source: studying materials science and advanced functional materials at university.)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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