query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How social security numbers are created for a person upon birth | [
"the parents send in applications for SSN. it doesn't get assigned at birth by the hospital or gov. based on how the office receives it and how they process it, you could have twins be neighboring numbers...or be hundreds off from each other. applications are not required to be processed sequentially or grouped... | [
"Back during the Great Depression, Franklin Delano Roosevelt introduced the idea of Social Security, which is basically a payment made to retired people monthly, kind of like what retirement companies do. To keep track of this, each individual was assigned a number, a social security number. So, why is this all th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does wind actually work | [
"Basically, air is moving so it displaces other air in a sequence. Like a ball hitting a ball, opposite and opposite reaction to movement"
] | [
"Absolutely, but right now our best bet is to look for conditions that we know are able to support life."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about science:"
} |
Why are there so many nice cars in places like Dubai? | [
"Neither. There is a **lot** of money in Dubai. It's an oil-rich town. They're the real deals, and they're not discounted. It's just a town with a lot of incredibly rich people."
] | [
"Who do you think is gentrifying those neighborhoods?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about urban planning and retail development:"
} |
When planes fly low, why is it harder to detect them? | [
"The Earth is round. So the land and even the ocean curves away from you. This is obvious if you are out at sea and looking at another ship. If it is far away you can not see its waterline. And if it is really far away you can only see the masts as the rest of the boat is bellow the horizon. This also applies to ra... | [
"Air is not uniform. Different temperatures, different pressures. Imagine the plane is floating on a constant pressure cushion of air, and up ahead there is a area of air which is of a lower pressure. When the plane reaches this low pressure bubble, there is less pressure pushing the plane from below, and as a resu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are people so much more sensitive to temperature when they're indoors | [
"Simply having the sun shine on you even if it's cold out makes a big difference."
] | [
"They have smaller bodies, smaller mass. When you are just skin and bones it is hard to stay warm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do our teeth “hurt” after eating something cold? | [
"First of all, you shouldn't feel pain with cold. If you do, you should see a dentist. Your tooth has pulp which contains the blood supply and the nerves. When tooth pulp is inflamed due to disease, usually cavities, it becomes hypersensitive and the cold can trigger a strong pain response. It also doesn't help tha... | [
"A cavity, enamel loss, damage to teeth which leads to microscopically exposed nerves etc. Your teeth should not hurt when you are eating sweets. Ask a dentist. Like, quickly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does bacteria grow faster at certain temperature? | [
"All bacteria have certain temperatures that their enzymes, or proteins in their bodies which process nutrients and other things perform at the maximum rate. As the environment temperature increases, enzyme action increases until it reaches a high enough temperature that enzymes denature, meaning that their substra... | [
"I think it is a chemical problem not a mechanical one. Most of the enzymes in our body function in a range of temperatures and break down or stop working when the temperature is too hot or too cold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
If a teenager is sentenced to prison, what will they do once their out? | [
"They offer GED courses and even college courses while you are in prison. They could actually leave prison with several college degrees if they are serving 10-15 years. And there are 3 purposes for a prison. 1) Punishment for wrong doing. 2) removing a threat from society. 3) Rehabilitation."
] | [
"If it is concluded that the crime was so serious the criminal should have known it was wrong despite being underage, the criminal justice system has the option to ask the judge to try as an adult. This way, you don't get 17.5 year olds going on killing sprees and not going to prison for life."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is Verizon and Comcasts speed throttling no t illegal? | [
"You signed an agreement about limitations and their liberties with the service."
] | [
"I believe some areas have no option other than too use Comcast.. It's comcasts fault they're getting slower speeds and not the users. So to charge the user would be very unfair"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are online casinos and online poker rooms illegal in the USA, yet paid sports fantasy leagues are legal? | [
"The honest answer? Because republicans snuck the legislation in at the last minute, tacking it on as a rider to a port security bill. _URL_0_ The bigger theory is Sheldon Adelson (who owns the Sands in Las Vegas) saw online gaming as a huge threat to Vegas and so he was giving the republicans a shitload of ~~bribe... | [
"Some states have passed specific laws banning these types of promotions. There was a time when there were a lot of scammy, fraudulent \"sweepstakes\" that harmed a lot of people. The states took action to restrict the ability of companies or individuals to run those kinds of promotions. Since Amazon is so big, it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the purpose of the jet of water that shoots up from the back of the jet ski. | [
"It's called a tell tale and it shows that the cooling system pump is functioning correctly."
] | [
"There's a tube going up the center of the water stream. It's really just a fountain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why haven't human populations who have lived in areas without clean water evolved to be able to drink it safely, while other animals have? | [
"It's simple: they haven't. Those animals *do* get sick from it. They are infected with parasites, they often die young to preventable disease, they are very often sick."
] | [
"Humans very rarely are in situations where they don't have easy access to air. Humans were until recently often in situations where they didn't have easy access to food. Hence we evolved to store fat, and not air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why modems had to make noise | [
"A modem is a MODulator/DEModulator. It took the digital signal from the computer and turned it into an audio signal for the analog phone network. The audio and static sound generated the electrical impulses on the phone line. On the receiving end, those analog electrical impulses were converted back into a digital... | [
"Tl;dr engineers didn't ever give it a different name and just called it a black box. It's orange because that makes it easier to spot"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What exactly is Obamacare and why do people hate it? | [
"This question concerns one of the most frequently asked topics on ELI5, so it has been removed. Try the searchbar next time please."
] | [
"What's a Tory, and why do so many people seem to hate them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Is there a difference between types of cancer other than location? | [
"Every instance of cancer is a mistake in human DNA. It's always different, there are trillions of possibilities. This is why there is no one cure, treatment or solutions. Who knows what specifically is causing the uncontrolled growth. The best we can do is classify them by location and behavior."
] | [
"Nothing. There is no science indicating its bad for you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Is C, the speed of light in a vacuum, anything more than a theoretical, mathematical maximum? | [
"We know for sure there is an \"upper limit\" to the speed of light, but the phrasing is misleading. It's not that light happens to travel at c, it's that massless particles travel as fast as causality will allow. Causality is basically the \"speed of happen\". Why is the speed of causality c? It's just one of thos... | [
"Because it's all bound to the speed of light, so the product of wavelength and frequency equals the same constant"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
} |
why does gold of the same amount of karats look different colors? | [
"The carat unit is the level of purity of the gold. If it's less than pure gold (24k) then the gold has been mixed with other metals. The various other metals create variation of colors."
] | [
"It's not always 100% pure gold. It's mixed with other minerals and black sand. The only way to make it near pure is to smelt it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When looking at used car ads, I see many claims of "highway miles." Is prolonged use at high RPMs better for the car than short stop-and-go use? Why? | [
"Engines are designed to work optimally at running temperature and a certain RPM. If you run it on lower speed and lower temperatures it will not get efficient combustion and start making sot and tar instead of clean exhaust products. You might notice the exhaust getting black if the car have just started or have b... | [
"It is a mode of operation rather than a gear. Your car will shift earlier, and generally drive at the highest possible gear. This keeps engine rpms low and saves some fuel. It costs you responsiveness and acceleration, obviously. Turn it on whenever you leave city limits, and you're all good. Less useful for a cit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is heat dissipation such a problem for scientists and engineers? | [
"The real problem isn't heat dissipation, it's the *cost* of heat dissipation. We know how to effectively dissipate heat. Liquid and cryo-cooling both work extremely well. But they are expensive."
] | [
"Any time an electric current passes through a conductor, a little bit of heat is generated. If an electronic device is hard at work, you have lots and lots and lots of tiny currents passing through lots and lots and lots of tiny conductors. Together those tiny amounts of heat add up to a substantial amount I reall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If I control the world's supply of potatoes and I release 500 and people value them at $1 each, if the next day if I 250 or 1000, will the markets value them at $2 or $0.50, respectively if demand stays the same? | [
"You need to consider substitute goods. If you change the supply of potatoes, the shift in demand for that good will take into account everything else that works 'almost as good'. I might prefer grapes to potatoes, but when potatoes are $1 I will buy them over grapes. If potatoes price drops by half, then I may pr... | [
"100 students need blue crayons. And blue crayons cost 1 dollar from the store but you cannot buy them at the store. Someone in your class has a ton of blue crayons and sells them at $3.00. Another guy also has crayons and wants to start selling. The new seller realizes that the people who first bought the crayon ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Economics:"
} |
Why is it such a common dream sensation to 'fall' right before you wake up? | [
"As monkeys we slept in trees to stay away from predators. When we slept in trees we would sometimes fall. Our bodies adapted to this by recognizing the early signs of falling and jerked ourselves back to consciousness. The reason we do it now is some sort of echo of a time before."
] | [
"While you're dreaming, you realise you're in a dream and take control. The hard part is not waking up once you realise you're dreaming."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How can a reader find out if a news story is representing fact and not a biased opinion? | [
"Typically it's pretty easy to tell when a story is presenting an opinion. They'll gloss over details, use emotionally charged language, provide few if any citations, present only one side of the argument, etc. Factual news articles tend to be detailed and make efforts to contact the people involved in the story to... | [
"They claim they are \"for entertainment purposes, only\", putting the onus on the readers to know that this could very well be a fantastic story the magazine is telling them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did salt water become salty? Why is there so much more salt water than fresh water? | [
"Fresh water all comes from the same place: the rain. As it flows, it dissolves rocks and other things, and becomes slightly salty; but not enough to notice. In large bodies of water with no outflow, water evaporating makes the remaining water saltier in comparison (same amount of salt, but less water); and over ti... | [
"Their bodies are adapted to their environment. Fresh water doesn't have a lot of salt, so fresh water fish don't have a lot of salt in their bodies. Salt water has a lot of salt, so salt water fish have a lot of salt in their bodies. If you put a fresh water fish in salt water, it's not used to that level of salt,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Geology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Geology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is TV static from the big bang? | [
"Most of the TV static is from the amplifier itself; only ~1% of that is cosmic background radiation. CBR is spread across a pretty wide band, 0.3 GHz to 630 GHz, which broadcast TV is within that band. It's also really quiet, which is why almost all the static is local (part of the TV circuit itself) electrical no... | [
"The simplist answer is that there is more screen in the way of the color."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do so many great MMA fighters have multiple losses on their record compared to boxers? | [
"There's more ways to lose in mma. Boxing is more technical and skill makes a bigger difference than blind luck. Also, politics. Most boxers with only a few losses compared to wins have some very questionable decisions in their favor"
] | [
"Yes but he had tremendous speed and one punch knock out power. As he got older and his speed declined he started to lose fights that he would have probably won when he was younger. One of the most brutal boxers boxing has ever seen for sure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do some math problems become so massive they take up full massive chalk boards? | [
"Some math problems are so massive, they involve more than just a chalk board, but rather entire books with hundreds, even thousands of pages. Most of it is establishing the problem in a formal, concrete way, and then creating a mathematical framework which you can use to solve the problem. For example, suppose you... | [
"They are still using blocks of wood, but nowadays computers can handle bazillions of blocks at once so each one can be microscopic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did AutoCAD become the industry standard for drafting when it is horrendously buggy and prone to crashing? | [
"I used the Autocad 13 version in the early 2000s at school. It does not matter how buggy it is if it is the only program available, or the program that managed to get into the school. It was one of the first digital drafting programs to gain any kind of success, and they cut a lot of price deals to get into school... | [
"Video games, like all computer programs are written by people. People make mistakes. Normally these people spend a lot of time to make sure tiny mistakes don't destroy the entire program as they normally would. So what we see instead are just glitches instead of the game completely crashing or freezing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do construction workers block off all of the lanes except one, and do no work to the roads? | [
"They leave a lane open so they don't have to completely close the road. And they will be doing work you just only remember the times when you don't see it. It's an actual psychological thing where you thing somethings happening and then only remember the times when that's supported even if they're very rare."
] | [
"Traffic patterns are sparse in those flashing light areas at those times. It would be pointless to make people sit at a red light when there is no other traffic around. I wish more intersections would do that out where I live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
What happens at a molecular level when an object's colour fades due to sun exposure? | [
"The radiation from the nuclear blast which you humans call your sun separates the pigments of the fabric by knocking away the bonds between the various elements."
] | [
"IR rays from the sun carry energy, regardless of how much heat the sun is giving along with the rays. The energy from the IR rays is able to break apart snow, given time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do polders create more land? | [
"You build a large water-resistant wall around the area, and then you use pumps (often powered by windmills) to remove the water. As a draining help, if the local tides are really huge you can open floodgates in your walls when the local tide (temporary sea level) is lower than in your polder."
] | [
"Because it take a lot of energy to take the salt out of water, and energy is expensive. It can make sense in wealthy places of high population in a desert, like Dubai, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't gas stations just raise the price of gas 1/10th of a cent to make it an even number? | [
"The same reason everything in stores is 3.99 instead of $4.00 - psychology. Your brain sees 3 instead of 4 and it seems smaller, even though it's literally 0.25% different. With gas, 2.99 9/10 seems cheaper than 3.00, so you're more likely to buy."
] | [
"> if there are leftovers after the transactions .006 cents where does it go? It gets rounded, which evens out over the long run. The thing to remember is that you never buy gas in exact, gallon increments. So it really makes no difference whether or not a gallon of gas is priced in fractions of a cent, because you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If cold fusion was developed, would oil-based economies like Saudi Arabia collapse? | [
"Saudi Arabia and other countries that have a heavy reliance on oil as an export have been building up their monetary reserves and investing it in other markets because of the concern that eventually the world will move on from oil. Would it collapse the oil industry...not completely (we still use oil in a lot of p... | [
"The basis if Saudi Arabia's wealth is oil. If electric cars take over, oil will lose much of its value. Maybe Saudi Arabia is out to squish a dangerous competitor. Or maybe they want to diversify as a hedge against when the oil runs out. Who knows? What we do know is that Saudi Arabia is a dictatorship with ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does Japan have such an affinity for baseball? | [
"Baseball has been popular in Japan since the late nineteenth century. It certainly was not something first introduced only after World War II. Since the 1920s there's been regular baseball championship games among Japanese middle schools and universities. Babe Ruth visited Japan in the 1930s to great acclaim. Even... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What do soccer fans get out of throwing flares on the field? | [
"1. Throwing flares are just an aggressive show of support for their team. 2. There are tens of thousands of fans to be completely checked properly so as a result some people will still get away with it. You might want to read this as well: _URL_0_ This should help :D"
] | [
"We love soccer. Our kids play the fuck out of soccer. We pack soccer stadiums up tight with rabid fans. Its just that we like football more."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why does yellow seem brighter than other colors? | [
"You have 4 basic types of light receptors in your eyes. Rods, Red Cones, Blue Cones and Green Cones. The Rods are used for night vision and edge detection, and the Cones detect the color they are named for. Different cones have different sensitivities, and the Green Cones are most sensitive, followed by Red, follo... | [
"Brown isn't a color in its own right. It's a phenomenon of our brain interpreting a certain mix of colors. Edit: brown can be made from mixing any two colors on opposite ends of the color wheel: yellow and purple, blue and orange, red and green."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does fuel make an engine run? | [
"In the most simplified sense, the petrol that you put in your car is mixed with oxygen. That fuel and oxygen enters the cylinder of the car. At this point, the spark plug ignites the fuel and oxygen, causing a small explosion (and a rapid expansion of gas). This causes the piston to rise, then fall. This process i... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it that my Cholula Hot Sauce (or any condiment, for that matter) has zero calories per serving? | [
"The serving size for hot sauce is probably very small, a quarter teaspoon or so. It there's less than 5 calories in the amount of a serving, the FDA allows it to be rounded down to zero."
] | [
"Because we eat hilariously large amounts of it. That's really the long and short of it. A single coke can has 44 g of sugar (170 calories)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do guys get random boners throughout the day | [
"There are three types if erections. Some are sexual, some occur during periods of nervous tension. There’s a mysterious third kind, that no one really understands. It happens when your schlong decides to take matters into its own hands. [No Reason Boner](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"The idea that masturbation can damage your eyesight is a lie made up by people who think masturbation is wrong. Stop if your dick is sore and don't do it inappropriate places and you'll be fine. Masturbation is normal and healthy as long as you're not doing it constantly. Don't know what's up with your eyes, but i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology/Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Biology/Physiology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why haven't all primates entered the stone age yet? | [
"Couple of things here. First is us. We got there first and we have created enormous pressure on other species. Second is time. They could be doing exactly this but be a million years behind us - the blink of an eye for evolution."
] | [
"So they don't get eaten by predators. There's a theory they humans evolved deep sleep only after coming down from the trees and inventing fire and guards. Sorry can't find the link."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
DNA Microarrays and their uses in a clinical aspect. | [
"Traditionally staining and microscopes have been used to determine properties of tumors and normal cells (i.e from their histology). DNA Microarray techniques are an extension and eventually replacement for doing this, as it potentially identifies the exact mutation(s) that causes the normal cell to become a (pote... | [
"1. Predicting the weather 2. Modelling nuclear explosions"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Hydrogen bombs, what are they and why are they dangerous? | [
"Hydrogen bombs harness the power of nuclear fusion by compressing a core made of hydrogen isotopes using a fission powered explosion. You know the bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Times that by 1000 for your average hydrogen nuke."
] | [
"If the things North Korea did made sense, they wouldn't be North Korea."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How is the speed limit enforced by a camera? | [
"The \"camera\" is actually a laser that pings off of typically the plate on your vehicle. The time that it takes the laser to return to the camera determines distance, so it pulses a few times and compares the distances over the time that the measurements are taken to derive the speed. rate = distance x time r=d*... | [
"In areas where you see those signs, there will be timing marks painted on the roadway at measured intervals. An aircraft overhead can monitor the time it takes your car to drive between those marks, and if you cross the space in less than the benchmark time, can radio down to a car, who will pull you over and give... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why does stubing your toe hurt more than it seems? | [
"You have more nerve endings in your hands and feet (especially the finger and toe tips) because those are the places that interact with objects and the world, so when you whack your toe on something you feel it more than you would if you whacked your knee or your heel. That's what I've always been told, but I'm n... | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is water wasted? | [
"The water coming out of your shower is filtered, cleaned and treated water. It takes energy and resources to filter and treat the water you use, and letting a lot of it go down the drain unused means that more energy and resources will have to be spent to replace the *treated* water. In most places, the water t... | [
"Context? What is a \"smart meter\", and where is this controversy based out of? Who is involved? Thanks!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Everything has Sodium Laureth Sulfate in it. What's the real difference between hand soap, shampoo and body wash? | [
"Sodium laureth sulfate is what is called a wetting agent. Together with various chemical compounds that break surface tension and make emulsions, it becomes very effective at making the soap bubbles and lather. The thing about hair and skin is that it is hydrophobic, so water can't really rinse off dirt and grime ... | [
"Shampoo is a type of soap designed for your hair. It gets grease out of your hair. You should only shampoo your head. Don't put shampoo on the ends of your hair if you're a girl, it's too harsh and will damage your hair. Conditioner puts the life back in hair after being shampooed. It moisturizes it. Body soap is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is it such a huge deal that scientists have taken a picture of molecular bonds? | [
"Science involves taking data and building conceptual models to explain its behavior and to predict future events. Our models suggested how they would look, but now we can directly see it. In analogy we flipped to the back of the book and checked our answers, and they were right!"
] | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
In manual cars, what is the difference between a straight, in-line, and flat gearbox, if there is one? | [
"That's the type of motor not the transmission (gearbox). A flat4 is a 4 cylinder motor where the pistons are laying down (sometimes called a boxer), an inline6 is 6 cylinders in a straight line (not in a v formation, known as a V6)"
] | [
"Just a clarification I'd like to make here, most things do have a gearbox. Even if there's only one gear, there's still a gearbox. I think what you might be asking is more along the lines of \"Why do boats/planes/submarines only have one gear?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why did some low scoring applicants who were white get admitted to UT while Abigail Fisher didn't? | [
"Because grades and scores aren't the only thing college's looked at. If that were the case a computer could do it. Essays, tone, extra curriculurs, clubs, volunteer work, activism, skills etc are all looked at. Homegirl just wasn't good enough and now she's playing the race card (ironically enough)"
] | [
"In the context of college acceptances, it's basically a leveling ground university admission teams use when eyeing applicants/applications. They evaluate you accomplishments while keeping your racial background in mind. While it is a noble cause, it causes a sense of animosity between students who will, for exampl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is the sun orange at dusk and yellow during the day? | [
"First of all, if you look directly at the sun during the day (*don't* try that), you'll see it's white, or very pale yellow, but not the yellow of a child's drawing. Gases and dust particles in the atmosphere scatter the shorter (bluer) wavelengths of light coming from the sun, and this is what makes the sky appea... | [
"Sometimes the sun is in the sky alone, sometimes the moon is in the sky alone, sometimes they are both in the sky. If the sun is in the sky, we call it day so sometimes we will see the moon during the day. If, on the other hand, we called it night when the moon is in the sky, then we would sometimes see the sun at... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do insurance companies make money? | [
"Lets say i insure my car, i give a compnay money every month so that should my car ever crash i will have that pool of money to use to fix it. But if i never crash i never need the money and they get to keep it. Insurance companies make money if you never use your insurance, this is why health insurance companies... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does Terahertz Radiation work? | [
"It works just like any other form of radiation, like microwaves or radio waves, just a different frequency/wavelength. The issue with treahertz (the treahertz gap) is that there aren't any cost effective technologies to use the band as optics aren't sensitive enough and electronics aren't fast enough. It's very po... | [
"1. Predicting the weather 2. Modelling nuclear explosions"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
difference between a virus, a bacteria and a parasite | [
"A bacteria is a living organism with basic structures and can reproduce on its own and carry out functions as either a single unit or a group of cells. A virus is a nonliving cell that's essentially a mass of DNA surrounded by what is called a capsid--Basically their only function is to hijack a cell and make copi... | [
"No. Antibiotics are a chemical that is designed to kill bacteria on its own by breaking down their cell walls. Antivirals do the same for viruses, and antifungals do the same for fungi. They do not pump your body with antibodies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do manufacturers still make plugs that hog up the whole power strip? | [
"Because customers have not sufficiently demonstrated to these manufacturers that this is an undesired design. Manufacturing a product which sells successfully is likely to continue indefinitely until the market changes. Preemptive product improvements will be tailored around expected future uses of the product, no... | [
"Because plugging the second 6-plug into the first means the *entirety* of the second 6-plug's power is being fed through a single outlet of the first 6-plug strip. This can easily overload the output and cause a fire."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Electrical plugs and their design:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do our joints crack? | [
"[Source](_URL_0_) When you pull the bones of a joint apart you are increasing the size of the space that the joint fluid is in, but since the fluid doesn't readily expand this results in very low pressure and a cavity (like a bubble) is formed. It is actually the formation of this cavity that makes the sound. > “... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What exactly is happening when you do that pull back reload thing with a shotgun? | [
"I assume you're talking about pumping a pump shotgun. You are manually loading a shell into the chamber. The shells are stored in a tube which sits below the barrel and on which the pump handle is attached. This is done because shotgun shells are plastic, so will deform if stored in a magazine for a long period ... | [
"I want to know that too. Maybe i can add a question to that ELI5 topic: Why do i see lightning like things when closing my eyes and pushing/rolling them with my finger?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it feel better to curl up in a ball when you have a stomach bug? | [
"Lying on your right side helps digestion and lying on the left side helps defend against vomiting or heartburn. After you eat a big meal and are about to enter a food coma, try each direction."
] | [
"You know how sometimes, when you feel really really ill, you just want to find a cosy little spot to curl up in and rest until the worst of it passes? It's the same thing for most animals."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How to play music on many devices simultaneously? | [
"Dunno if this is the right place for your post, but what I would do is have a smartphone for each speaker. You can make a website or simple app that will play an audio file at, say, 12:45 PM. If you aren't that tech savvy just have everyone set it as an alarm to play through the speakers."
] | [
"Record the show, upload it to the website. Am I missing something here?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do carrier pigeons work? | [
"Up until recently, we didn't really know. Turns out, they combine a natural compass with the ability to recognize landmarks. They know what direction they are supposed to go (generally). To find their home, they literally use buildings, rivers, and roads that they recognize to hone in on their exact destination. A... | [
"Because most people don't live where penguins live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do shows like "The Wonder Years" make me feel nostalgic even though they took place decades before I was born? | [
"The wonder years is about suburban life, being a kid, and dealing with parents and girls. Not so much living in the 60s. Most of the things in there are universal issues young boys face and don't matter what decades ether are from."
] | [
"What about the kind of DÉjà Vu where you dream something but don't remember dreaming it until it happens in real life? This happens often atleast monthly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Cognitive Science:"
} |
What the hell is wrong with gluten? | [
"Basically you can't have wheat without gluten. Celiac disease and gluten allergies are definitely part of the reason for gluten-free foods. There also seems to be a fad to eat less wheat/gluten. Wheat-free donuts, cupcakes and pasta exists...just fyi... Edit: I just saw the dumbest thing. Rice Krispies promoted th... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are people racist towards Gypsies? | [
"Well for starters Gypsy/Romani =/= Romanian. Many people hate gypsies because they are a nomadic people who tend to not integrate at all into their host nations (even going so far as to not send their kids to schools) and have a culture centered around theft or scams."
] | [
"Are you saying we should be more racist towards cats?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
India's 'caste system', is it a factor in modern India? And Indians overseas? | [
"A couple of examples of how the caste system has affected me: A friend of mine was blocked from getting into professional cricket because the company that funds it in my state favors brahmins. I've also known someone whose relationship with his family was soured due to his partner's caste. The system isn't commonl... | [
"People are giving out pros and cons, but this means there is a bias. Without bias, the elections have no meaning. A party has been elected democratically in India, and it is just like any other election. Pros and cons, and \"what does the election mean\" come with perspective. If you are not an Indian citizen you ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If a ballistic missile were to hit the island of Oahu in Hawaii, how much damage would be done? Would it wipe out the whole island? | [
"You can play with [Nukemap](_URL_0_) to see the effects of a bomb detonating over Oahu. The amount of damage depends on the size of the warhead. Something small like what North Korea has tested would only damage a small area of the island(as shown above), but something in the Megaton range would give most people o... | [
"They could shoot it down before it reaches a high-population area, thus minimizing casualties. They aren't there to save the people on the plane."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the craic with Lucid Dreaming? | [
"Lucid dreaming is when you are having a dream and you are aware that it is a dream, this means that you have a certain amount of influence on what happens/where you go and the people you encounter. Benefits include; the control you can develop, especially if you suffer from night terrors/nightmares or just dreams... | [
"Absolut Vodka Porsche Nokia Sony Nintendo Off the top of my head. Ever hear of any of them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does a search engine "search"? | [
"Google's computers spend all day \"crawling\" the web: starting from a specific set of pages, they grab data from the page and then follow links from that page to reach new pages. It's like a giant tree with billions of branches, the root of which is all but unknown. The result is a huge set of data structures con... | [
"The common outside-of-forums definition: Stuff you can't find with a search engine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is the difference between a hive mind and a group of individuals working together? | [
"A Hive Mind is a single entity in control of the actual minds of their subjects, forcing them to act even if they find the process painful and gruelling. Individuals working together is because they're just that: Individuals. They have the ability to think freely and against the work, and can oppose anybody or any... | [
"Could you elaborate? Do you mean from a biological standpoint, the cells of your body?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does the government (or whomever is in charge of money) know how much physical currency is out there? Money can get forever lost or brought over to another country. | [
"For the reasons you have suggested, they don't really know. They know how much they've printed and how much they've taken back and destroyed (this happens periodically as notes wear out) but they have no way of knowing the exact amount circulating."
] | [
"It's important to remember that currency is not minted/printed for the sake of making profit. Whether a penny or a hundred dollar bill, you 'lose' money making it because that money already existed somewhere. When you get a paycheck and deposit it, you are never dealing with any currency between your company, you,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it cheaper to buy a new razor than a package of blades? | [
"People are more likely to buy extra blades for the handle they already have, than buy a new razor altogether. Manufacturers practically want to give away handles because it means you'll likely buy their replacement head, even though they charge more. Quirk of human psychology that manufacturers took advantage of w... | [
"Colored ink is not expensive. Colored ink that has been put into cartridges that will work in the particular inkjet printer you own is stupidly expensive, because the same people make the ink cartridges and the printers and have locked you into their ink cartridge ecosystem. Take your old genuine cartridges to C... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
My dog can't catch my cold. What prevents most pathogens from being able to infect multiple species? | [
"Pathogens tend to evolve in parallel with their hosts, so a cold virus adapted by evolution to infect dogs is very unlikely to infect a human. It would be even less likely if it were adapted to infect reptiles or insects. HOWEVER, some pathogens can and do jump the species barrier. Avian influenza, for example, or... | [
"1 virion is all it takes to make you ill. There's a few factors at play in whether someone contracts a viral infection. Your immune response is obviously a big one. If you've encountered the virus before then you've already got the tools to deal with it again. Another interesting aspect is the fact that someone el... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How is it that unpaid emergency and other non-elective medical bills can be reported to consumer credit rating agencies as unpaid debt? | [
"Some have calle for categorizing this type of debt or not allowing it to hurt your credit. If you owe, you should pay, but op and others have great points...you sign for an operation let's say and many times there is no way of knowing what the final total will be. I have unfortunately had several operations, stemm... | [
"If they cannot pay it all now their wages will be garnished from now until the point that the debt is paid. Not all debts can garnish your wages, but governmental debts and legal fines can. These types of debts cannot be discharged via bankruptcy either. Odds are they will be paying for this crime for the rest of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
I get the feeling that meats from fish & birds are generally more healthy than meats from mammals like pigs or cows. Is that even true and why? | [
"Kind of but not really. There are really good nutrients in fish like omega acids, and it is typically leaner than most types of beef or pork. However, there can also be things you wouldn't want too much of like mercury. This is why balance is important. Also, different types of meat will have differing levels of f... | [
"Nope. Meat is meat (roughly speaking). It'd be the same as eating any other apex omnivore, like bears. People used to eat bear all the time. You should balance your diet, of course, by also eating everything from a person's garden after you slaughter them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about biology:"
} |
How are the black boxes in airplanes made so that they are indestructible? | [
"You can armor a *piece* of an airplane well enough that it'll survive just about anything that it's going to encounter in a plane crash outside of hilariously unfortunate circumstances. If you try to armor an *airplane* well enough that it can survive those kinds of forces, what you have is no longer an airplane, ... | [
"There are two - a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder. Both are very ruggedly built so that they can survive most plane crashes. If the plane crashes, locator beacons on the boxes activate, helping authorities recover them so they can use it to help figure out the cause of the crash."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people walk/run on the street when there is a sidewalk available? | [
"The asphalt of the road is a lot less dense than the concrete of the sidewalk, making it less painful to run on!"
] | [
"Why do you park in the driveway and drive on the parkway?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do flat-earthers explain seasons? | [
"The flat earth theory is that the sun is a giant spotlight being shined onto the earth in a focused beam. (Yes, we know it's crazy.) And that beam moves around the circular earth once every twenty-four hours. (Yes, we know it's crazy.) Throughout the year, the spotlight moves away from the North Pole and toward th... | [
"Either they're crazy or trying to argue with you. You can stand at some places on Earth and actually see the curvature of the planet. Not to mention, you know... the fact that we've been to (and still are in) outer space and are constantly videoing the earth from outer space. Also, the physics in our solar system ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are so many baby animals "fuzzy"? Babies of mammalian species (I'm thinking ducks, bears, kittens, etc) are all fuzzier when they're young. Anyone know why? | [
"As a trained biologist, I feel the need to point out that the mammalian genus of ducks is nearly 30% fuzzier at birth than non-mammalian duck species. The OP is now vindicated. Also - insulation is the correct answer."
] | [
"Some species of animals are *precocial* which means they are relatively mature and mobile from the moment they are born (or hatched.) Humans are *altricial* which means our young are born pretty much helpless. But we are far from the only altricial species! Rabbits are born blind and hairless, for instance, which ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Biology:"
} |
Fossil fuels, I don't get it. | [
"If you mean what they are? Dead dinosaurs and plants that were buried, decomposed and turned into oil which we refine into gas, kerosene, and other petroleum products."
] | [
"Because people don't like what they don't understand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about science:"
} |
Can a sitting US President lose the party nomination during a presidential election? If so, what happens? Does the sitting president become a lame duck president? | [
"Yes. In normal years, the incumbent president usually faces no serious challenger from within the party, and so wins the nomination without need for a primary campaign. In addition to tradition, having no challenger helps the party to save resources for the general election and limits potentially damaging infigh... | [
"If the candidate dies after the nomination but before the general election, the party has rules for how to choose a new nominee. If it happens after the election but before the Electoral College casts their votes, then the Electors will choose who to vote for, most likely the Vice-Presidential candidate. if it hap... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why/How did the practice of male circumcision survive, while female circumcision become extinct in U.S.A.? | [
"Female circumcision has a dramatically bigger impact on sensation and there never was a hygienic or medical reason for it. Female circumcision has historically always been about taking away the pleasure and therefore \"evil temptation\" of sex. It's the equivalent of removing the entire head of the penis."
] | [
"That depends on the culture. In areas with lots of Jewish influence male genital mutilation is not considered as bad but in most of the world both are considered equally bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How are politicians "bought" by corporations? | [
"Politicians aren't actually \"bought\" as in \"I'll give you money in exchange for writing laws I want.\" Corporations and individuals donate money to political candidates who have views that they like. Money buys ads and exposure and almost every election is won by the candidate who has more money. If the politic... | [
"They're non-profits. Charities don't pay taxes like corporations do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do any fossils still have original atoms from the organism remaining? Or is it EXCLUSIVELY new (sediment/rock) matter that has replaced it? | [
"Yes, there have been original organic molecules isolated from dinosaur fossils. [Collagen was isolated from *T. rex* bones at the University of North Carolina](_URL_0_), by dissolving the mineral matrix with acids that would not destroy the protein. It was described as very bird-like. The Black pigment in feathers... | [
"Carbon dating works because living creatures get their carbon from the atmosphere which has a certain level of certain isotopes of carbon due to the sun's rays keeping those isotopes available. After a creature dies, it stops updating its carbon stores with new atmospheric carbon, and the carbon isotopes inside it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about science:"
} |
Why WiFi and Smart Utility Meters do not cause cancer. (Need to explain to neighbors in a simple manner) | [
"Radio waves do not have the power nor the wavelength required to damage DNA. They are less powerful than light. Do they think radios cause cancer? Because it is the same basis for the technology."
] | [
"All you need to leave a comment is a name and address. Both Comcast has, so they can enter as many as they want. A better question would be: why aren't they facing criminal charges for doing so?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do you get the chills when you have a fever? | [
"Your body wants to raise its temperature to help fight the infection. To do so, it triggers a feeling of coldness (chills), which triggers your muscles to shiver. As you shiver, your body generates more heat. So essentially the chills occur as part of the process where the brain signals to the body that more heat ... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do companies trademark simple words that other companies use anyway? | [
"A trademark is more than just the words, it is the entire presentation of the logo. While other restaurants can still use the description of \"Mild\", they cannot use the specific font and color scheme of the trademarked packets. Other companies can call their products \"cola\" but they can't use the red and white... | [
"Google is in a pretty unique position. When you go to a website like bing, you don't call it a Google. You call it a search website, search engine, or something similar. To Google means to search something using *Google's* search engine. So, yes, it's a verb. You can't make a movie. That's trademark infringement. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does my phone download 1 GB of data significantly faster than my PS4? | [
"It could be an issue with the source of the download. It's immediately post-christmas, even without people deliberately attacking it, the PSN is quite overloaded right now. In two weeks, I bet the 335 MB download will take a dozen minutes, instead of two dozen hours."
] | [
"No. \"In the background\" just means \"When you're not looking at it.\" If you go into your settings and disconnect from your mobile data connection, it will terminate and will prevent any app from pulling data across it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
When waking up with a dead arm, how is it possible that it's still a healthy limb? | [
"A \"dead arm\" is due to nerve compression. Blood flow is not interrupted so the limb still gets nutrients."
] | [
"This actually happened to me once. Not consciously I apparently had a cramp in my calf in the night and I didn’t wake up. Woke up feeling sleepish like normal, tried to hop out of bed and as soon as any weight was on it immense pain, I actually ate shit and face planted. No weight on it all day, and about 5-6 days... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we sometimes think someone looks like a certain name? Such as "you look like a Vince", etc. | [
"In psychology, there is something called \"schemas\". Schemas are an organization of thoughts and patterns of everything in life. It's like a collection of data that humans do. As we go through life, we collect people's faces, personalities, race, etc. and connect these traits to a name, and then place them into s... | [
"He looks kind of frumpy but he has a name fit for an action movie star. So people think that is funny and they run with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Neuroscience:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Neuroscience:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why Turkey don't want a Kurdish state | [
"This thread doesn't exactly answer you're question, but it contains some relevant discussion on the topic: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Kurds represent 1/5 of Turkey's population and Kurdish dominated territory makes up much of the country's Southeast. What government would say it wants 1/5 of its tax paying citizens to take their land and leave?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does the combination of water and sugar results into a sticky substance on surfaces? | [
"Granuals are dry and don't stick to things. Add even a couple drops of water, and the granuals begin to dissolve. As the water is wiped up, or evaporates, most of what is left is the sticky sugar residue. Wet sugar is sticky."
] | [
"A solution is a name specifically used to indicate something that is not a liquid is now trapped in a liquid. For instance i can dissolve salt, sugar or gasses (all non liquids) in water and call it a solution. When i mix two liquids, say water and alcohol, i call it a mixture. Since vapor is simply gasseous water... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Might be a repost but - if heat denatures protein, why does over cooking meat make it tough and chewy | [
"Here's a question for you. Can you rip the shirt you're wearing off of you? If you're wearing a cotton t-shirt, the answer is probably yes. The reason is that the shearing force relative to the fibrous density is high. Now imagine taking that same shirt and twisting it up before you try to rip it in two. It's sign... | [
"Sadly all the answers so far are bullshit from scrubs who haven't got a fucking clue. Noodles need to be boiled because they're not cooked yet, they're just dried fucking wheat, you need to cook it to convert the starches to a different form so they become noodly. Think about it the same way as you would an egg. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people from the US say ass instead of arse? | [
"It appears that the shift from arse to ass came about from a dialect shift in 1785 to 1860 which tended to remove the leading r from in front of an s (burst/bust, curse/cuss, barse/bass, etc.)."
] | [
"They're different dialects of the same language. Some words are different, and some spellings are different. For instance, an American would say \"What color are your pants?\" whereas a person from the UK would say \"What colour are your trousers?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do cloud-based storage services prevent loss of data? | [
"Redundancy. If you pay enough, they can backup your files on multiple servers, simultaneously. If one server harddrive is badly damaged, they still have it on another one, with the exact same data. You can do this in your pc as well, its called a RAID array. (Redundant array of inexpensive disks)."
] | [
"A lot of hard drives, a lot of servers, a lot of bandwidth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why wasn't Martin Shkreli punished? | [
"He did something immoral, but not illegal (unfortunately). There are not related ethics laws that prevent price hikes of drugs like he did."
] | [
"You and half of the US would like to know why the executives weren't charged and jailed..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How was the first computer chip created with no computers to create it ? | [
"They did it by hand. Specifically, they used sheets of [rubylith](_URL_0_) to design the layout of the integrated circuit. The sheets were then photoreduced to the size required for the photolithography process. Because this was done by hand, occasional errors slipped in. I remember reading than an early intel IC ... | [
"They wouldn't be able to figure out the CPU, let alone reproduce it. The current generation of Intel processors uses a 32nm process. This means that the \"lines\" inside the processor are 32nm wide. Back in '95, their cutting edge process had a resolution of 350nm. The original Intel 8086 from 1978 was on a 3000nm... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Sweden get things done if they have 6 hour work days, 25 vacation days per year, etc? | [
"It's been shown that the longer and harder someone is made to work, the less work they actually get *done,* because they get tired and work slower, get sick more easily, miss days, etc. If you let people rest more often and take time off, they become far more productive."
] | [
"Average work week in the US is 47 hours a week. Full time is 40 hours. There is no required amount of vacation time in the US, the average number of days of paid vacation a year are 12 (this includes paid federal holidays), The average number of sick days a year are 10 and they are generally non-paid days off. If... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If religion can't be the basis on laws, then why are some states banning abortion on religious grounds? | [
"On the contrary, laws may absolutely be based on religion. In the United States, a law may not respect an establishment of religion nor impede the free exercise of religion. Religious beliefs often help shape a society's views on what is right and what is wrong. These morals eventually find themselves encoded into... | [
"You *can* mix religion an politics, you just can't *establish* a religion. Laws don't need to have a reason, just a majority. Your religion might tell you that businesses should be closed on Sunday, and you and your like minded friend might elect politicians who agree. But the law itself, while motivated by religi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do people have such a hard time holding still enough to balance on one foot or on a narrow surface? | [
"Humans have a very high center of gravity which makes tipping over much easier. We also don't have tails, one of the most important features of animals who can maintain their balance (like cats)."
] | [
"Four legged animals travel faster than we do and need balance. So they rely on a tail to keep them balanced, just like how you stick both your arms out when trying to balance, animals have a tail"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What's going on with the Russian Economy? | [
"From what I hear, it's related to the falling gas prices. Basically, OPEC nations have been producing higher volumes of oil, purposefully driving the prices down, trying to price Russia out of the market since they're also a big oil exporter."
] | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how are there so many different languages and cultures so close together? | [
"You might want to take this question to r/askhistory for a better answer, but I'd like to point out that France is separated from Italy and Spain by some fairly serious mountain ranges. These have always been pretty significant barriers to human travel. Also, they speak French in Belgium and Luxembourg. Furthermor... | [
"Because each individual region developed it on their own. Easy world wide communication is a very new concept and deaf people have been around much longer. So it makes sense that each country/region would have different sign language just like different countries/regions have varying verbal language. Unless you b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does making smaller transistors in processors contribute to improving the processor overall? | [
"Smaller transistors on a chip means you can put more of them on the chip, and fit them closer together, and this allows for a smoother and faster flow of power and data."
] | [
"Some limitations are: Heat, energy running through transistors in a small space like a CPU creates a lot of heat that you need to dissipate. Multithreading, in this case essentially how to split up processes to run on multiple processors. It is why multiple core processors are its own vein to develop and you can't... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What did dinosaurs actually look and sound like? From what I understand, Jurassic Park is extremely misleading | [
"There are two main things Jurassic Park gets wrong about dinosaurs (other than the whole \"bringing them back to life\" thing). First, it makes them look like big reptiles, basically. The truth is they actually had a lot in common with birds as well, which means many of them would have had feathers, for example. T... | [
"We don't actually know. Many species that are commonly depicted as how you would imagine a Dinosaur actually had feathers for example, going by their bones. Dinosaur appearances as depicted in museums etc. are essentially estimations based on what we know about current species with similar traits, or the effect of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
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