query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How do radio stations, over-the-air TV channels, etc. measure their viewership of passive subscribers? | [
"There are companies that pay people to keep devices on them that detect what they're watching. If you get enough people using them, you can extrapolate to get a decent estimate of how many people are watching what."
] | [
"With respect to TV ratings, if you're not participating in any special Nielsen Families (or related) program, then pirating would be effectively the same as watching the TV program live via antenna or via a passive cable/satellite tuner (e.g. using the QAM tuner built into your TV). There are, however, cable/sate... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do kids hate naps while adults seem to love them? | [
"Kids are more interested in playing/learning than they are in resting. It it was the other way around they'd rest all the time and never learn anything"
] | [
"You can't fall asleep at night because you nap in the afternoon. Stop napping, as hard as it may be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
What actually is the sine, cosine, and tangent of a triangle? | [
"They are the ratio of the length of sides. Take SOH, oppostite over hypotenuse. As the angle increases, the difference in length goes to zero. These angles have specific values and can be measured. They also scale to any size so the ratios will be the same regardless of actual lengths. Very usefull."
] | [
"The value is derived from the position on a unit circle. That is, if you draw a circle with a radius of 1 unit and draw a ray from the center out at a given angle, they intersect. The cos and sin are the x and y coordinates of that intersection point respectively. The value is a ratio. So when you have a circle of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do animals know what is eatable and what isn't? | [
"In general they don't, that's why animals try and eat what they find and end up choking on plastic. But some stuff they know not to eat and some animals like primates learn from their parents. Other animals rely more on instinct and avoid eating bright animals etc because they are quite often poisinous."
] | [
"Very short response - Survival. Our sense of smell helps to let us know if something should be eaten or not. If you eat garbage, which is full of bacteria, it can make you sick or kill you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
why is it some food taste better the next day, compared to when it was fresh? | [
"Some chemical reactions continue. Proteins will continue to break down and create more umami taste."
] | [
"Follow-up question, I hate drinking milk but i love it with cake, cookies or brownies; what causes the taste difference? I even notice when it goes back to tasting gross after a few seconds, its weird."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Food storage:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Food storage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do rockets launch vertically and not like a plane to get to space? | [
"A plane is more energy efficient, but it can only get to the edge of Earth's atmosphere. At that point gravity is almost exactly as strong as it is on the surface. You're not any closer to leaving the Earth's gravity well. To actually escape Earth's gravity, you need to reach escape velocity. That speed is 11.186 ... | [
"Mostly, we don't. We fire it straight up for only a short time just to get it into thinner air so there is less drag from air and then we turn it to take advantage of the Earth's rotation AND get it into an orbit that is parallel to the ground. So, only in the first minute or two does it go straight up. Then it tu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
Difference between a container and a Virtual machine | [
"A VM is a simulated computer. It has its own BIOS/EFI and simulated hardware. It can pretend to be something that the host isn't. For instance it's common for VM systems to emulate a Realtek RTL8139 card, even though said hardware might not be present at all anywhere. The virtualization system just makes it look t... | [
"One is required space to hold all files once they are installed. Second is the actual size of the downloaded files."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
My drain cleaner says "Drink water if swallowed. DO NOT induce vomiting" | [
"Because if you induce vomitting you force it through your throat again. Then it gets a second chance at attacking all the sensitive things there. The digestive system is much more capable of dealing with acids etc. So... Depending on what is in your cleaner your stomach can actually handle it :)"
] | [
"What happens: You will loose all the minerals in your blood as it becomes diluted with all the water you drank and pissed away. This could result in fainting or worst case in cardiac arrest. & #x200B; What you should do: Call an ambulance, stop drinking, eat salt, rest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How does Proton-Beam Therepy only damage a cancerous tumor and not the tissue around the tumor? | [
"Ionizing particles deliver maximum energy not at the surface, but at a deeper location under the skin. This phenomenon is known as Bragg’s Curve, and is usually explained by the particle slowing down as it travels through the material, thus it spends more time interacting with matter deeper down. By tuning the par... | [
"It depends on the location and how aggressive the tumor is. A tumor on the skin is much more treatable than a tumor on a bone. A benign tumor grows slowly and can be removed relatively easily. However a malignant tumor grows rapidly and to you need to take a huge chunk of the surrounding tissue to make sure you ge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can diamond be cut if its the hardest material? | [
"Diamond have the highest hardness but have low toughness. Hardness is how hart it is to scratch the surface of the diamond and you cant scratch it with steel. Toughness if how good it is to breakage from forceful impact . It has less toughness then steel. So if you place a diamond on a anvil and smash it with a... | [
"As Lokiorin said, Carbon bonds are stronger than those of a lot of other elements. It is also a solid and not a gas like Hydrogen. It would be pretty hard to build something out of gas. Carbon is also one of the most abundant elements. It is also easier to purify. While being strong it is also flexible, allowing i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is the center of the universe everywhere? | [
"Great minds think alike. I may have found yer answer, matey. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How is the centre of the universe everywhere? ](_URL_0_) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why is there no \"center\" of the universe? ](_URL_3_) ^(_9 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Could we not pinpoin... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Where did the idea of countries and their borders come from? | [
"You've guessed the correct answer. People hold on to control of land because they want its natural products, such as plants, minerals, animals, and water. So they pick an area they are willing to defend."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How people were able to copy games through airwaves broadcast-ed from radio stations? | [
"Back in the old days, modems were [acoustic](_URL_0_). The data was literally transmitted as sound. So, you could broadcast the audio recording of the program to be recorded on the receiving end. Systems were translating sound waves to digital data."
] | [
"It encodes the pictures and sends them via radio. Think long distance wifi transmissions"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Science and Technology:"
} |
How come granules in teeth whitening toothpaste damages your teeth enamel but not oral prophylaxis that uses metal things to clean your teeth? | [
"The same way hitting a rock with a stick won't damage the rock, but years and years of wind and rain will wear it down."
] | [
"yes they are, but the means by which they do is really, really bad for your teeth in the long run. some of them use acids, hydrogen peroxide that weakens your top layer of enamel that has been stained and you brush that away like a scouring pad would take wax off of a car. This leaves your teeth very sensitive, an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are the human thumbs so short compared to our other fingers? Wouldn't it be more effective if it was longer? | [
"The thumb, at least now, serves as the opposing force to other fingers allowing you grip and fine holding. If your thumb is longer youd have difficulty."
] | [
"Well, if you think about it evolutionarily, finger and toe nails evolved from the claws and talons of other animals. They would use them for digging into the flesh of their prey and to keep themselves rooted where they were standing or perching. Our finger and toe nails aren't really long or strong enough to keep ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Anatomy:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Anatomy:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does the movie ticket costs the same for all the movies? | [
"While you might feel you are buying a \"movie ticket\", to the theater you're buying access to their facility and the \"opportunity\" to spend even more money at their snack bar. The facility costs to the theater don't change if you go see the latest blockbuster, or a hopeless flop so why should the access fee (ti... | [
"Money, the delay is so that the theatres can charge a premium price for the tickets for those who don't want to wait. If the video/DVD came out 2 weeks after its release virtually no one would co out to watch it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Media:"
} |
Why do I have to warm up my car during cold weather? | [
"Cars have motors. Motors are made of metal. Metal grows a little bit when hot and shrinks a little bit when cold. Small explosions happen in the engine to make the engine move which moves the car. Explosions inside the motor warm up the metal. So when the car is driving the motor gets hot. The engine is designed t... | [
"The A/C comes on to dry the air in the car. The A/C doesn't mean cold air, you can use the full heat, on the A/C, on any position. I use the heat, on the floor, with the A/C, to warm and dry out my car in the winter. I tend to track a lot of snow into my car going in an out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What's the (basic) Difference between Christianity and Judaism | [
"Christianity believes Jesus is the Messiah, and the son of God. Judaism doesn't. Furthermore: > Jewish eschatology holds that the coming of the Messiah will be associated with a specific series of events that have not yet occurred, including the return of Jews to their homeland and the rebuilding of The Temple, a... | [
"Denominations shown as branches: _URL_7_ Comparison of Christian denominations by facts and stats: _URL_6_ Comparison of Christian denominations by beliefs: _URL_6_ Comparison of Christian denominations by social and ethical positions: _URL_7_ Comparison of Christian denominations by practices: _URL_7_ Comparison ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do ad blockers work? | [
"Ads mostly come from known sources, known websites. They aren't generally served by the same site as you're visiting. So ad-blockers know a lot of these servers, and will block traffic from those servers. They also know a lot of the HTML and JavaScript ads typically use, and will remove them from incoming HTTP res... | [
"Relatively few people use AdBlock, and the tech savvy crowd that uses it is relatively unlikely to click on ads anyways. If more people started using it, you can bet that ad based companies would try to take them down. Also, big companies don't need to take them down at all. Google banned AdBlock Plus from their G... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does salt give food flavor? | [
"Salt performs a number of functions; it unlocks the aromatic compounds in foods, reduces our perceptions of bitterness, enhances sweetness. All of which enhance the overall flavour and subsequent enjoyment of food. Salting foods (in various concentrations for varying amounts of time) prevents the protein structure... | [
"All soft drinks have chemicals we would not otherwise consume. Phosphoric acid is used to give soft drinks a \"tangy\" flavor. Too much Phosphoric acid could remove some of the Calcium from your bones. Some soft drinks, such as Mountain Dew, have Brominated Vegetable oil to give them a cloudy appearance. Too much ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Food and cooking:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Food and cooking:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does Martin Luther King Jr get all the glory and Malcolm X gets left in the dust? | [
"Malcolm X was radical and preached violence and black supremacy. He openly challenged whites and Christianity. Basically back in the day for the government and white communities Martin Luther King would be considered the \"lesser of two evils\""
] | [
"I don’t think there’s anything to explain. Sometimes we as humans are just hypocrites. Why is Bill Clinton given a pass on all the allegations against him? Why do people follow some bits of the bible and reject the bits they don’t like? Humans are strange."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can a male get a UTI? | [
"The urinary tract and bladder is the same for male and females. Except that males have a bit longer urinary tract which does have some benefits in reducing the chance of an UTI. However it is still possible for males to get a UTI if they do not exercise a high enough standard of hygiene. It is not uncommon for peo... | [
"Can you not get an erection in space?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do rechargeable batteries lose their ability to hold charge over time, and how can one slow the degradation? | [
"Inside the batteries are tiny sticky bits, that hold the charge, like velcro. And like velcro, it gets worn, and will hold on less and less, until you have to replace it. Not overcharging helps, but wear is inevitable."
] | [
"In all batteries, there is a chemical reaction that causes electrons to flow from one terminal to the other. When batteries are recharged, electrons are forced to flow through the battery in the opposite direction, which reverses the reaction so that it can happen again. Smart phones use lithium ion batteries. Unl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is water necessary for life? | [
"Not a biologist, I'm a chemist by trade. As far as actual chemical interaction, water is a great solvent, i.e. breaks down compounds for easier use, think of salt and sugar easily dissolving in water, and this allows for easier use of the ions needed by the body for functioning. It also allows most chemical react... | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some food flavors linger in your mouth and in your burps more than others? | [
"Flavor is induced by chemicals. For simplicity's sake, I'm gonna use the example of garlic. Allicin is the compound that gives the 'spicy' taste to uncooked garlic. When you eat raw garlic, the body tries to break the compound into simpler substances. This takes a lot of time. When you swallow the same, a majority... | [
"Very likely our tastes change for the same reason everything else about us changes: We grow, we have new experiences, we learn new things. Most of the cells in our bodies are less than seven years old, and our brains rewire pathways every time you learn something new or have an emotional experience. So there is ev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does it actually mean to be double-jointed? How does it work? | [
"Double jointed is a misnomer. The correct term is hypermobility. I dont believe any one has two-in-one, or double joints. Hypermobility may be caused by an underlying disease, such as Ehlers-Danlos, or Marfan Syndromes. It may also he the result of flexibility training, yoga, and/or familial history of hypermobili... | [
"There are about a thousand different reasons why someone might sweat while they are asleep. i.e. the answer is going to vary from person to person."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
Why touching wood feels warm but touching metal feels cold? | [
"Metal is a much better conductor of heat. Both the wood and the metal are colder than your skin, but the metal pulls the heat out of your skin faster than the wood does. Your skin can only detect the transfer of heat, not the raw temperature, so it feels colder than the wood."
] | [
"Because cold things such as ice and people are blue and hot things like metal and people are red."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does the “wind chill” the air ? | [
"Wind doesn’t make the air itself colder. Rather, moving air transfers heat away from the surface of your skin (or clothes, or whatever is in contact with the moving air) at a faster rate than stagnant air. Your body only senses the rate of heat being transferred away, so moving air of one temperature will feel lik... | [
"It doesn't necessarily hot. Any kind of wind at the entrance would kinda separate both environment, usually the temperature difference. Like an air curtain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If both a white sheet of paper and a mirror reflect all wavelenghts of visible light, how come we can see ourselves in a mirror but not in a sheet of paper? | [
"Part of it is Surface roughness causing diffuse reflections. When you shine a flashlight at a mirror, the light will \"bounce. Almost all of the light that hits this mirror will bounce the same angle. If you shine it at a white piece of paper, a lot of the light will bounce, but it will scatter in to diffrent dire... | [
"If a material absorbed 100% of light that hit it, that means that nothing would be reflected back into the photosensitive cells inside your eye. That means you wouldn't be able to discern any detail about the object. Imagine being in a completely dark room - you wouldn't be able to make out an object right in fron... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does a bullet maintain stabilization when shooting a gun perpendicularly from a moving vehicle? | [
"The plane moves somewhat quickly, a B-17 might be doing 300 kph, but the bullet moves a lot faster. The .50 Cal machine guns on the B-17 shot bullets out at 3200 kph. The result of this is that the wind is mostly focused on the nose of the bullet throughout it's flight and this is the same configuration it is norm... | [
"Because someone took the time to sight it in. There is actually 2 points where the scope will be right on with the bullet path. One where the bullet is still traveling flat or up compared to the line of the scope and another when the bullet falls back into that line again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it more likely that one partner's bad habits will rub off onto the other rather than the partner with good habits rubbing off onto the other? | [
"Bad habits are easy, good habits require effort. It's way easier to switch from eating fresh cooked organic food to just grabbing fast food because it's super easy, cheap, tasty & convenient. It takes a lot more effort to make a commitment to eating a healthy diet. It's way simpler to just stop going to the gym & ... | [
"Just a personal opinion but i think it's mostly true. Children learn from their parents' actions and inactions. A child with a parent who eats junk food all the time is more likely to eat junk food all the time. A child with a parent who is absent (especially due to running away instead of death etc) is more likel... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the seeds from a grafted fruit free grow a different variety? | [
"Apple trees and some other fruit trees can't self-pollinate. That means their flowers reject pollen from trees that have too similar genetics, but are fertile with trees that have different genetics, in order to promote genetic diversity. So if you have a whole plantation of trees from the same variety, which are ... | [
"These are Navel oranges, so-named because the second orange looks like a belly button from the outside. The mutation responsible for this also makes the orange seed-less. This mutation happened naturally in the wild one time, and was preserved and cultivated because some people don't like seeds in their oranges. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is belly fat soft and cushy but a beer belly is solid? | [
"There's two types of fat: Visceral and subcutaneous. Subcutaneous sits under the skin, and in normal amounts is good to have. Visceral fat, the fat which creates that hard \"beer gut\", accumulates around the organs and usually starts building up as you age depending on diet and activity level."
] | [
"Visceral fat is the fat they accumulates inside your body between your organs. Subcutaneous fat is the fat that's under your skin. As your visceral fat increases, it can start pushing on your vital organs and possibility damage and or impair them. You ever see a guy with scrawny legs and arms, and a big ol' pot be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does a ballast work | [
"HID lights have an actual gap in them. To turn on, they need a TON of voltage so they can jump that gap and create an arc, much like a lightning bolt. A ballast steps up the voltage (at the cost of amperage) so the electricity can jump the gap. Once the arc is established, the ballast drops the voltage down to a m... | [
"Is it possible to get a better picture with a little more light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does tap water start to taste bad when you leave it out too long? | [
"A few reasons: Temperature. Taste is mostly smell, and smell needs the water (and more importantly, the other chemicals in the water) to evaporate, which it will do more readily at room temperature than a cold tap. Think about a heated pool - it smells much stronger than a cold pool. Chlorine is probably in your t... | [
"Hot water heaters hold water for long periods of time, and as such they often have buildup of various sediments and other contaminants that you really don't want to be ingesting on a regular basis. Also, it fouls the flavor of the water. Especially if you have scale issues. Take two cups. Fill one with hot water, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does your vision spin when you are dizzy? | [
"You're right in that its the fluid in your ears is the cause. Things appear to be spinning because your brain attempts to interpret contradicting information. This subsides as the fluid finds a level again. Nothing is actually spinning though. If you lay down and close your eyes immediately, all the sensations inc... | [
"Sudden blood pressure change as you get up quickly can make you dizzy and potentially faint as a result."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How do fish survive in (extreme) deep water - that would be too much pressure for a human. | [
"Pressure in and of itself is not particularly destructive - a rock at the bottom of the sea is not going to be crushed by the pressure. The issue is when you have cavities inside a structure (like a submarine or a body) which are full of air or other crushable substances. These cavities simply can't stay \"open\" ... | [
"You can hold your breath in normal air pressure, but not really in low pressure environments."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does Earth hardly ever get hit by meteors? | [
"The earth gets \"hit\" by much, much more space debris (including meteorites) than the moon (and both bodies are being constantly bombarded by it). Most of it burns away in the Earth's atmosphere, however."
] | [
"It can and often does. In fact, an object isn't a meteor until it collides with Earth's atmosphere. Before then it's an asteroid or comet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What's between 2 magnetic field lines? | [
"The lines are not really there in the sense you're thinking of. The iron filings tend to accumulate in lines when exposed to a magnetic field due to mutual repulsion. If you move the filings around, they won't necessarily go back to the exact same lines, but the general shape of the lines will be the same."
] | [
"The same way it speeds up, except with opposite sign: the magnetic fields push on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The difference between a pun and a play on words. | [
"A pun is specifically a joke made using the multiple meanings of a word or exploiting that some words with different meanings sound the same. A play on words is much more broad as an exercise of wit where words are the main focus. It encompasses puns as well as double entendres, phonetic mix up, etc."
] | [
"Well, the short answer is, it doesn't. The long answer is the same as the short answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What has kept the USA from adopting high speed passenger trains similar to the ones in Germany? | [
"Germany heavily subsidyses their trains. And Germany is only slightly smaller than Texas... Plus our airlines are pretty powerful. Plus we are incredibly anti tax. So, we have to pass a tax increase to pay for and subsidize a transport system covering a larger area, that is already served by another transport sys... | [
"Gas prices in the USA are much lower than in other industrialized countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Economics:"
} |
How does "No Added Sugar" item contain more sugar than a normal one? | [
"It is made from ingredients that have high sugar content. If a cream of Chicken Soup it is likely the kind of onion used, and carrots."
] | [
"No, but it also contains 25g of sugar per 8 oz, which is roughly the same amount of sugar that's in Coke. Take a vitamin and drink some water instead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do scientists create mouses with diseases to test drugs/cures on them? | [
"Mice and rats can be bred to be susceptible to certain diseases and neurological conditions. However, breeding by itself is often not enough, so researchers will also use artificial means to induce the specific condition that they want to study (like Alzheimer's or schizophrenia). A lot of the time this is accompl... | [
"Animals are getting a preventative vaccine, to build antibodies in their immune systems to help it fight rabies better. Humans are getting a rabies treatment, when there isn't time for them to build up antibodies before they are exposed. Sure, both are shots, but they have little else in common with each other."
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do opioid receptors work, and what is their basic function? | [
"There are 5 sub-types of opioid receptors is humans. You probably heard of endorphins. Endorphins are opioid like compounds, sometimes called endogenous opioids neuropeptide. What that mean is that they are a short protein that exists in the brain. Endorphins modulate the sensation of satisfactions in humans, by i... | [
"Really awesome things. But in all actuality, There are a number of receptors in the brain that control functions in the brain. The main receptors that are affected by marijuana is CB1 and CB2. The CB1 receptor affects body movement, short term memory, and in some cases vomiting. THC works through your blood strea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can cars cover bigger distances at low speeds than at high ones? | [
"I'm not sure I understand your question. Do you mean that they can cover a longer distance on a single tank of fuel? If so, that's simply a function of the car being more fuel efficient at a slower speed."
] | [
"Cars would be required to be more powerful than this. For example if they need to go up steep hills or carry heavy loads. As well as this, they need to have good acceleration in some occasons. Most people will. Expect to go 0-60 in under 8 seconds. To achieve this you would need an amount of power that would easil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are Congressional officials paid during shutdowns, but not blue collar government workers? | [
"Some people in Congress are independently wealthy and their government salary is basically irrelevant to them. But, some truly need the money and can't afford to miss many paychecks. If Congress wasn't paid during a government shutdown it would give the richer members leverage over the poorer members. Do you reall... | [
"All non-essential programs are shut down; national parks, museums, and art galleries; various government departments like Parks and Recreation, the IRS, part of the CDC, passport applications, etc, etc. Around 800,000 government employees get sent home. Aside from that, those government employees will stop receivi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If a lifestock (chickens, pigs, cows, etc) was able to live its full life (and not killed at the usual age) and dies of old age, would its meat still be edible? | [
"Full life and time it can produce eggs/milk are different things. The meat would still be edible, but not as tasty (and that matters in a competitive market). So overall its not economically viable for people to do it that way."
] | [
"Chicken and pork are more likely to be contaminated with the sort of bacteria and parasites that are harmful to humans. This is partially due to the conditions they are raised and slaughtered in, partially due to the biological similarity between certain animals and humans, partially due to how long the meat is le... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does "cold" spicy, like mint, and hot spicy work on our tastebuds? | [
"Cold spicy things like mint have a chemical called menthol that binds to the cold sensors in your mouth and activates them directly. So, even if your mouth isn't cold, it feels like it is. Similarly, hot spicy things have a chemical called capsaicin that does the same thing but for your heat sensors."
] | [
"Two reasons. The first talks about flavour types of spicy, and the second about hot types of spicy. First, \"flavor\" is a mix of your sense of taste and your sense of smell. That delicious steak has salt, sure, but it has that wonderful steak-y flavour that's caused by you smelling the food you eat. This is why y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is so important about fluoride? Why can we taste it, in large amounts like at the dentist, but cant taste it in water? | [
"Fluorine is the most electronegative element in existence. That is, it most wants to bind to another element to balance out its electrical charge. The chemical bonds that fluorine makes are incredibly strong because of this. When fluorine binds to your teeth it creates a compound that acts as a great barrier to th... | [
"Eating or drinking a poisonous substance does not mean you are poisoned, there is a safe quantity that your body can tolerate. The amount of pesticides you are exposed to is very small. When you brush your teeth, you are using a poison. Check the tube, the poison control number is on it . However, the amount used... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is stagnant water unsafe to swim in? | [
"Bad things grow in stagnant water like bacteria and parasites. If you get into the water, there’s a good chance they’ll get into you..."
] | [
"Floods cause sewage and contaminated water to rise up and mix with drinking water making it unusable. If you see flood water it's normally brown and disgusting looking, not fit for drinking"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How did humans communicate before languages? | [
"We didn't. Language is manifestation of communication. So circular response would be communication without language is meaningless. Animals have languages. Animals also have dialects. All thru different sounds or motions. A bird performing a mating dance is using language. An ant passing a pheremone to another is... | [
"To be a little less specific, what did people think the future in general would be like before the Industrial Revolution?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can minors be tried as adults for some crimes in the US? | [
"Varies by states as to what age a minor can be tried as an adult but I believe they factor things in such as ability to recognize what they did was wrong, and likelihood that they will commit a similar crime again"
] | [
"These sentences are generally passed down to those convicted of particularly heinous crimes in the eyes of the state. These usually include homicides and the like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Law and Justice:"
} |
Why do stomachs grumble when we're hungry? | [
"JarfBezbo already gave the best answer, but there's another explanation: Your digestive system has muscles all around, that are constantly constricting to \"mix up\" the food and push it along until it exits. All this squeezing moves gas and stuff, and that makes noise. Have you ever put your ear up to another per... | [
"Try eating some food before hand. Some people experience pretty bad stomach aches when drinking water on an empty stomach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If the Great Lakes were formed by melted glaciers from the Ice Age then how did they develop a fish population? | [
"Fish eggs are slightly sticky. Bird lands in existing lake, picks up eggs (sticks to legs). Flys to next water body, eggs fall off. Fish is born, it only takes 2 to survive, and there you go."
] | [
"A lot of the land formations in Europe were caused by glaciers. Over the eons the glaciers will shaped the land to what you see now. Some of the land, comprised of harder rock, would have formed hills and mountains. Fast forward several million years, the glaciers have melted and formed the oceans. The islands you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why insurance premiums generally go up following an accident/tragic event? Will they ever go down over time or are you stuck with the higher premium forever? | [
"People who get into one accident tend to get into more accidents in the future. So insurance companies take this information and raise your rates accordingly. Eventually your premiums will go down if you maintain a clean driving record."
] | [
"Nothing. Understand that you will have to pay a fine, and the fine increases every year. Other than that, nothing will prevent you from buying insurance when you need it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Medicaid only paid $13k for a $113k surgery. How? | [
"Hospitals are free to ask whatever they want for any service. Nobody pays the full bill amount: insurance will negotiate the rates for services, and uninsured patients can negotiate the debt down to a mutally agreed upon rate."
] | [
"Someone is willing to pay $50,000 for it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How can someone trademark a common game, that they didn't create? (I am specifically thinking of Ken Ken | [
"They're not trademarking the game. Just the name. If you were to release a completely different game, you would not be able to call in Ken Ken. It's the same as not being able to call any technology company Apple. Apple didn't invent the computer, but they have a brand that they're going to protect aggressively."... | [
"There was an NES video game in the 80s that was an international tournament. Of course Russia was one of the final bosses, cause cold war. It was amazing in the ways pro Dodge Ball could be. It would need sponsers, eventually. Start up some local tournaments. Heck, check for a subreddit. There was a paper,rock,sci... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Virtual Processor Core Speeds vs Physical Processor Core Speeds | [
"> How fast could I (reliably) bully a bunch of 2Ghz cores into moving on one core and what sort of diminishing returns would I see as I add more physical cores into the mix? That is going to entirely depend on the kind of workloads thrown at the system. If you are doing some sort of chemical simulation carefully d... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can't I record video sources by plugging them into my Graphics Card? | [
"Pretty simple - graphics cards are output only. They just lack the hardware on the card for them to be inputs. It would obviously be possible to place the capture hardware on a normal video card, but I am just not sure *why* you would do that (as opposed to having a separate dedicated capture card). The demand for... | [
"To capture the TV screen, you would use what's called a capture card, such as [this one](_URL_0_). Your console output goes in one end of the card, and the other end of the card goes out to the TV. A third connection runs to a computer where it can be recorded by recording software. This connection contains all th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How is it that glass is rigid enough to hold its own shape, yet allows light to pass through? | [
"Also what part of the spectrum? Fiberglass in transparent in the microwave spectrum. The black die in the plastic cover of your tv remote is transparent in the IR yet black in the visible. Most optically clear glasses go opaque in the UV..."
] | [
"In a solid the atoms that make it up is not constantly moving. That is the difference between a solid and a liquid. The atoms are moving a bit but they will not move past each other and will therefore keep its general configuration. Some solids, especially pure metals, will allow you to mold the solid as you can m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it physically difficult to start working out again after taking only a few days to a week off? | [
"Building muscle and endurance takes energy expenditures that the body would rather not spend, if it \"thinks\" it can avoid expending the energy. When you stop working out, the body starts trying to go back to a pre-workout \"form\" as it can use the muscle as an energy source and there's nothing indicating to it ... | [
"What type of commitment is expected? If I tend to be very active for a few weeks at a time, then away for a few weeks at a time, is this a problem?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what causes the ringing sound of tinnitus | [
"We actually hear in the brain with a group of cells called the auditory cortex. The cells in the brain responsible for \"hearing\" are normally connected to the cells in the ear that are responsive to outside sounds. When some of this connection is lost, the \"hearing\" brain cells begin to fire on their own (thin... | [
"have you been going to loud rock concerts or doing loud construction or something? you have damaged hearing. it's called tinnitus"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:"
} |
When a nucleus releases a beta particle, it loses a neutron and gains a proton, and to be stable, an atom must have an equal number of protons and electrons. If the proton comes from the neutron, then where does the electron come from to stabilize it? | [
"An atom does not need to have an equal number of protons and electrons to be stable, just to remain neutral. That said - beta decay involves a neutron decaying into a proton and an electron (plus an antineutrino), since charge is conserved. So the entire system's charge doesn't change, if the electron does not ult... | [
"Radioactivity is basically a measure of how unstable a particular isotope is. The more unstable, the more \"radioactive\" an isotope is. Radioactivity is dangerous because when a nucleus decays it splits into a bunch of pieces that go flying out and can damage the things around it. A nucleus is composed of neutro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does cooking work | [
"If you think of water, as we heat water, it doesn't just warm but it will boil at 100 Celsius. With any molecule, if you heat it enough, you will cause either a physical change like boiling, or chemical changes such as breaking links, reacting with other molecules. Something like an egg will have their proteins un... | [
"Taking bkood from your body lowers your blood pressure, and triggers your bone marrow to start making more. Its more complicated than that.. But.."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does electricity power things? | [
"Imagine water in a river. If the river lies in a flat landscape, the water sits still. Now add a mountain to the landscape and gravity will make the water move. As the water moves, it can do things, like pushing a water mill. The water mill can then rotate a big log that in turn rotates another wheel which grinds ... | [
"Volts: how badly electricity want to go from here to there. Current: How much electricity actually goes from here to there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why are coral reefs so important? | [
"They help prevent shore erosion, and provide habitats for a huge number of unique species. They have also been discovered to be indicator species of global warming as they are very sensitive to ocean temperatures. I was going to share a link about coral bleaching on NOAA's website, but that page was closed due t... | [
"The coral in the reefs are made up of tiny animals that capture and keep even tinier algae to help feed them. When stressed, the coral gives up the algae causing the reefs to turn white. When really stressed, they coral then dies. This stress might be from warmer temperatures or increased CO2 content making it har... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is the Sun Yellow and the Moon White? | [
"The sun seems yellow when it is low in the sky and the light passes trough more of the atmosphere. You presentation of color depend a lot of the surrounding so the sun will always be surrounded by sky that is bright so. The sun is white else it would illuminate white paper in it own color, You can see how the co... | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the captcha technology work and why sometimes do you have to go through only one test and sometimes 6? | [
"Captcha works by tracking your mouse movements on the screen. It is basically looking for human like interactions, rather than trying to make the questions unanswerable by bots. This is why sometimes it can be as simple as checking the \"i'm not a robot\" box, and other times, having to complete the same test many... | [
"Yes, captchas are generally used to prevent automation by using (ro)bots. However, there are a couple of side effects. One would be that you can not \"accidentally\" pay the bill because you would have to enter the captcha first. A bot would also not just enter \"a credit card\" but instead do pretty much anything... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are videos on some YouTube channels demonetized due to swearing while others are not? | [
"This topic has many theories and little to no conformation from the side of youtube. All we \"know\" is that youtube has a, or a set of algorithms that seem to prefrence some channels over others. It is likley due to extreme vetting from youtube to control and conform the platforms content to better generate good ... | [
"Not really. Sites like pornhub that feature user uploaded content usually don't have the staff to watch every single one. Even YouTube has videos on it that are illegal occasionally for various reasons, copyright infringement, porn, or otherwise."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does standing water have two colors? | [
"In most of the puddle you are seeing light scattered from small particles of silt and clay. On the edges there isn’t enough water depth to do much scattering so you see the darker bottom. As the puddle settles the edge should grow. The edge colour varies according to the type of dirt. More organic matter = dark... | [
"Uneducated guess It probably has to do with a combination of these things Depth of water, minerals or other things suspended in the water, intensity and angle of light hitting water, turbulence on the surface, angle of your perspective, and what is underneath the water. I'm sure there is more to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does it feel like it does when one of your body parts falls asleep? | [
"The communication with the nerves to your brain has been disrupted. They don't \"fall asleep\" in the sense that a person or animal does. Usually this comes about as a result of a blow or pressure on the nerve. If the signal is blocked, then it is numb. If the communication is disrupted, you get pins and needles, ... | [
"I would have to say that it's just a natural response. Those things are supposed to stay inside and when they come out your brain just automatically knows something isn't right."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why won’t Instagram change back to chronological order for posts when its users have been overwhelmingly clear it’s what they want? | [
"The saying goes, if you are not paying for a product, you are the product. Instagram is free and they way they make money is to promote things that generates revenue, be it from ads or paid promotions."
] | [
"Digg was a news aggregate site very similar to reddit. About 5 years ago they updated the website which really didn't work very well for days and removed many features while making it easier for power users to get content seen while making it more difficult for normal users. Users were pissed and just flooded the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do so many languages have a word that means both “hello” and “goodbye?” | [
"\"Shalom\" literally mean \"peace\" - languages have the same word for \"hello\" and \"goodbye\" because the literal interpretation works well as both a greeting and a farewell. English used to have phrases like this, but they've fallen out of use - eg \"Good Day\" and \"Cheerio.\""
] | [
"I don't believe \"goodnight\" is grammatically correct that way. It's \"good night\" just as it is \"good morning\"."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The Jewish "Blood Libel" Canard Involving Matzoh | [
"Not sure what's there to explain. Antisemites invented stories about Jews kidnapping Christian children and using their blood to make matzos for Passover. This was often used an \"explanation\" for unsolved missing children cases."
] | [
"High Crime + Dwindling Population + Crumbling Infrastructure + Diminishing Jobs = Perceived Shithole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do transition lenses work? | [
"They have silver-based particles in them that turn black when exposed to UV. More UV, more blackness. Less UV, less blackness. I had them for years, and they are great, but they aren't as dark as real sunglasses. You just can't pack too many metal particles into glass and still have good optical properties."
] | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some genres of music create an "adrenaline rush", while others do not? | [
"I think it's about why you associate the genres with. Some slow piano music isn't \"hype\" but because I've seen too many AMVs I use them a pump up songs at the gym."
] | [
"There is a slight difference between adrenaline junkies(i.e thrill seekers) and non-junkies. Basically, adrenaline junkies have less sensitive adrenaline receptors, and there need more adrenaline to feel the rush. On the ther hand, non-junkies get overwhelmed by the huge influx of adrenaline and it upsets hormonal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does discord's echoing cancelling work? | [
"Sound can be represented by a waveform - think of a graph of a squiggle where the x-axis is time and the y-axis is amplitude. An echo is the same waveform, attenuated a bit and shifted in time. Knowing this, we can implement something termed an 'adaptive filter' that essentially just looks for a correlation betwee... | [
"People just want to keep making them, reddit is popular after all. Their triggers vary by the purpose of the bot. They aren't updated, they find updates themselves. Using the reddit API you can automatically search for whatever you want to trigger your bot and when a trigger is found you use your program to genera... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does someone die instantly from a bullet wound? | [
"The bullet wound is more than a piercing, it’s the pressure wave traveling with the bullet called cavitation. It creates a cavity and trauma zone much larger than the projectile. Now imagine that hits your heart. For example, if I shoot a deer just right, the bullet goes through a shoulder, through a lung, through... | [
"When was the last time you actually witnessed a human being decapitated? Where is your source for how a human body acts after a decapitation?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about biology:"
} |
why are some powders like corn powder so flamable? | [
"Powders like that have a high surface area to volume ratio. Chemical reactions take place where the reactants meet, in this case the powder and the air. The more surface area available for the reaction to take place, the quicker it happens."
] | [
"likes dissolve likes. Highschool chemistry, I don't remember 100% because I don't use it. Polar substances like water dissolve polar substances like sugar. Non-polars like oil, fat, gasoline, etc) dissolves non-polars. We've all seen this, oil doesn't mix with water. Chocolate and Peanut butter have fat which don'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Where did the Roger come from in the saying “Roger that. “?? | [
"\"**Roger**\" was \"phonetic\" for \"R\" (received and understood\". In **radio** communication, a \"spelling alphabet\" (often mistakenly called a \"phonetic alphabet) is used to avoid confusion between similarly sounding letters. In the previously used US spelling alphabet, R was **Roger**, which in **radio** vo... | [
"Am I out of the loop on something? Who hates Ringo?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do video games like CS: GO handle the direction and the intensity of gun fires? | [
"Alright, so the sound of any particular gun is recorded in a way that leaves the game devs with a high-quality piece of audio with which they can do any sort of processing they want. Since people have two ears (usually), there is a left and right channel to most audio. By controlling when a particular sound is pla... | [
"For one, you need a good easy way to cheat. You can do this by either giving you an unfair advantage, (Like giving you more info than the opponent) or by letting the computer do stuff for you its very good at, that humans are bad at. So in Counter Strike, you can have the computer give you an unfair advantage by g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Soda carbonation Vs. Beer carbonation | [
"Beer is made from grains and contains plant proteins. This proteins are what hold the foam together to form a head. Too high an alcohol content in the beer however will weaken the bubbles and the head won't stay. Soda on the other hand is mostly sugar, water, and usually Carbonic Acid which decays to make the CO2.... | [
"A bunch of factors, take your pick: * Different levels of carbonation * Purity of water used * Syrup concentration * Reaction of container to contents * Age of beverage * In the case of Coke's Freestyle machines you can get residue from the beverage dispensed previously"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
how do fire officials determine where a fire started if a whole house or building is burned? | [
"\"It's for a crime novel I'm writing!\" Eh? In the case of particularly incendiary elements (fire starters, fuel) there's specific profiles like the speed at which the fire spread, and how hot it burned. Basically looking for specific forensic clues about the environment the same way you would in any other crime s... | [
"Interesting question. I think a big reason why people die in fires is they often underestimate how incredibly fast a fire can spread. If there's a raging blaze, there is no way enough water can be dispersed before the building is engulfed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Mold spores affect on the human respiratory system. | [
"Mold likes to grow in cool, wet areas. The danger of mold spores depends on their ability to tolerate the heat inside your body as well as their ability to avoid detection by your immune system. There are fungal spores everywhere and it would be an unusual breath in which we inhaled none of them. These are general... | [
"The same way an old engine makes more ticks and clicks than a brand new Honda engine. Older age means more respiratory disease, wear and tear in respiratory tissues, medication side effects ect. All of which reduce respiratory function and efficiency Edit: a word"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How did water get on our planet in the first place? | [
"A lot of it has probably been here from the get go. Hydrogen is the most common thing in the Universe, and Oxygen is relatively plentiful. Much of both elements was in the planetary dust that the Earth formed out of. Much of the Oxygen that the Earth was formed with bonded with Free Hydrogen to make Water, or Carb... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do videos get higher pitched when sped up and lower pitched when slowed down? | [
"Sound is vibration. When you visually map a sound wave, it looks like a sine wave. The pitch is mainly determined by how close together each peak of the wave is (that very top of the hill of the wave). If you have 500 peaks every second, it's a 500 Hertz wave. If you have only 100 peaks per second, it's a 100 He... | [
"One way to do this is to film people moving at normal speed, but the music they're lip syncing to is sped up. That way when they slow the video down and play the song at normal speed, the song is playing normally, the lips still match as long as they sped it up the right amount in the original recording."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
With modern technology, why do pharmacists still exist as a profession? | [
"Pharmacists are the human check of symptoms against legit prescriptions against frequency of dispensation. Advice of drug interaction between patients and a computer system cannot assess the individual patient's needs. & #x200B; They also provide advice for all customers and potential patients for low-level non-d... | [
"What a pharmacist can do varies widely from state to state. In some states, a pharmacist can prescribe medications, etc. If you go to the VA, you'll find a lot of medications are managed by pharmacists. Most of the time, states have allowed pharmacists to give most vaccines because it is an important public health... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do our phones get hot/warm when they're charging but the cords/wires themselves don't? | [
"What you are feeling is the chemicals of the battery changing due to the electrical current running through it. As it is absorbing the electricity it is heating up because of these changes. The battery is actually changing size as well, but it's so small you probably won't notice it. Likewise, since your cord isn'... | [
"Most phones are powered through the battery, even if it's plugged in, so if the battery is completely dead it need some charge before the phone will stay on. Laptops are usually powered straight from the cord and charge the battery on the side. Most laptops you can remove the battery and still function. Most phone... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Technology:"
} |
process of being business owner at a mall that closes | [
"Business owners just pay rent for the building space (very rarely they might have ownership in the mall but that's not common). So if the mall closes they close too, simple as that in most cases. Employees and owner need to find something else to do."
] | [
"the idea is all that marketing makes a lot more people put money towards research."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Whats the difference between winter tires, regular tires, and all-season tires? | [
"I can answer the practical differences, someone else will most likely be more eloquent with the chemistry. The rubber is different, to help driving \"feel\" the same in different conditons. Ever put a twizzler or gummy bear in the freezer? They react the same way rubber does to cold - it becomes hard, brittle and... | [
"From [this link](_URL_0_) > Q: Can I leave my snow tires on all year? > A: You can, but it's not a good idea. Snow tires tend to be noisier, plus the softer compounds from which they are made means they will wear out faster, especially in warm weather. Wear is critical, because winter tires rely on their deep tre... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do our muscles get cramped? | [
"There is many things that can cause muscle cramps. Dehydration which can cause a decreased bloodflow to a muscle can cause cramps. Nerves getting pinched or compressed can do it too. A lack of certain nutrients such as potassium can trigger cramps as well."
] | [
"Why does stretching my hamstrings feel so unpleasant, while stretching my calves feels good?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why after a long train trip, when the train stops at a station, do I feel like the train (and me) are moving backwards? | [
"Relative motion. You get used to the motion of the train, and that motion becomes the kind of calibrated as \"still\". Then after you stop moving your internal motion sensors are giving you wrong information until they recalibrate. It's basically the exact same reason the room spins after you twirl in circles."
] | [
"Guess it's the fact that the driver knows when he shifts gears and the passengers don't. Next to that, stopping the acceleration gives a momentum which causes people to 'lean' as you call it"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what happens when a cyst/abcess/pimple pops from the inside? | [
"Thats bad. Never pop these things! It can cause serious issues, such as a staph infection..."
] | [
"After forming they eventually begin to dry out shrinking in size until it disappears. Withing the pimpi/zit is a mix of oil and puss which will go away once dried out. To speed up the process pop the pomple/zit when it the top turns white and squeeze all or as much of the oil and puss out as you can , wash your fa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why, when trying to sleep, does our head want to be cold/cool, but our body want to be warm? | [
"So basically when we sleep our body lowers it's core temperature and then slowly raises it again as the morning gets closer. A cool pillow helps the body achieve that prime \"sleep temperature\" by transferring our heat to said pillow allowing us to sleep more deeply. Source: 11th grade biology teacher told me"
] | [
"When you're hot outside, your body is having trouble regulating it's body temperature. It's not comfortable to be like that because... that's how your body tells you it's having trouble. When you take a hot shower, you're cleaning yourself off, and more importantly, you get out afterwards, and it's cooling and ref... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Sleep and fatigue:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Sleep and fatigue:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
The difference between a waterfall and agile managing style. | [
"With waterfall you try to think of everything before starting actual implementation of the an idea. Every piece of work that needs to be done needs to be documented and agreed upon with the customer you are trying to serve, including as much edge-cases as possible. If a change occurs later on for instance when new... | [
"Planning, documenting code, and compartmentalizing tasks. Or, in lots of cases, it's just total chaos."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Will a black-anodized aluminum heatsink dissipate heat better than clear-anodized? If so, why? | [
"It will do worse. Anodization creates a protective oxide layer which is less conductive than aluminium. Clear anodization has the thinnest layer while black anodization uses a much thicker layer."
] | [
"The AC not only lowers the temperature, it also removes the moister out of the air. Air with moister, has a lower heat transfer coefficient than dry air. This means that dry air can absorb the heat from your body more efficiently than air with moister. Temperature is only part of the reason why we feel cool/hot in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are coastlines infinite, but the land isn't? | [
"Imagine an circle with radius X. We what the area of the circle is. And we know what it's circumference is. But now you look closer. The circle is actually composed of a jagged line that goes 'in' and 'out' of the supposed perfect circle. (Theoretically where it goes out it adds a bit of kand but where it goes in ... | [
"The earth is spherical but that doesn't mean the land doesn't sit flush on its surface). So in that respect they can measure the area of a country or the area of the earth's surface or the area of anything on the earth because the same general geometry rules apply there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Venezuelan coup d'etat | [
"President Maduro has run the country into the ditch economically, causing widespread hunger and a wave of refugees. He's altered the constitution to stay in power and there's been some highly suspect elections. USA is trying to oust him using sanctions, which isn't helping the economy. Another politician has been ... | [
"Well....there are a few reasons: *There is no oil *The protestor weren't able to get a critical mass in Damascus and Aleppo *There is no unified opposition able to rule the contry in a post Assad Scénario *Religious and Ethnic division makes the region a ticking bomb *The upper society (or \"Bourgeoisie\") always ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Home Owners Associations. What? Why? Why all the horror stories? | [
"Say you are buying a nice house in a nice neighborhood. A year later, new people move into the surrounding houses, people who have five car wrecks on their lawn, never cut their grass, have barking dogs running outside all the time and never do any house maintenance. That wouldn't be nice for you or your house val... | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are most processed production line foods cheaper than say an avocado that is simply picked from a tree? | [
"Processing involves preservation. If you produce the same amount of Twinkies and avocados, the avocados need a lot more TLC to stay edible and tasty for long."
] | [
"It's not the guacamole, it's the avocado's therein. They only grow in frost-free zones, which limits production. Also, they grow on trees, a costly and risky endeavour for farmers, that take a long time to see a return on. Next time you're at the grocery store, take a look at the cost of avocado's, aside from exot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
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