query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
The California $1000 Exhaust fine | [
"California has a law that said that the exhaust system of a car up to 6,000 pounds cannot exceed 95 decibels. This isn't actually new. What is new is that instead of issuing a \"fix it ticket\", which carries no fine, the penalty is now a fine. I couldn't find the exact value of the fine."
] | [
"Because there is a Supreme Court Mandate on how to do a DUI Check point. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How packets of data work in wireless connections? | [
"A packet is just a collection of individual bits that are packaged together. There is a header that describes the type of data that is inside the packet, where it's going and where it came from. Then at the end of the packet there is typically a small checksum that can be used to make sure the data hasn't been dam... | [
"Without getting too technical, I'll try an analogy: Think of a router as a post office. It takes packets of data (letters) and routes them onto to the correct path (truck, road, plane) to reach the address on the label. An IP packet is like a letter A router is like a post office sorting facility A wire is like a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is there tax on second-hand items at thrift stores? The gov’t has already collected tax on the item the first time | [
"Because it's not the item that's being taxed, it's the transaction. With some notable exceptions, the US system taxes every exchange of money."
] | [
"Companies pay taxes based on profits, not revenue. So you take all the money they took in selling stuff and then subtract the cost to buy those goods, the cost of shipping, the cost to run data centers and warehouses, salaries for their workers, office supplies, and so on... because they’ve been investing a ton of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why a pregnant mother's body does not consider the embryo as a foreign entity, and launch an immune response against it, even though it has a different set of genes? | [
"Sometimes it does. If a woman is Rh- and their baby is Rh+ the woman's body will start to attack the fetus unless they get Rh immuno globin injections for any subsequent Rh+ pregnancies."
] | [
"The host cells keep the host's DNA and the implanted organ's cells keep the donor's DNA, and certainly possible future offspring will have the host's DNA only. They do not mix, the host cannot regenerate cells he does not have anymore only the organ itself can regenerate those cells (if it can regenerate), the hos... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do airport codes work when there are 17,678 commercial airports but only 17,576 possible combinations of letters? | [
"IATA codes are only used for airports that have scheduled passenger service. Pilots use ICAO codes for airports. Ticket booking and baggage systems use IATA codes and there are only about 3000 airports that need those."
] | [
"Without area codes there'd be (in the US) no more than 10,000,000 possible phone numbers. Nowhere near enough."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
ELI5: how can babies in the womb spend weeks to months upside down without issue but any person outside of a womb would experience effects or even death in less than a few days? | [
"The liquids in the womb keep it suspended I suppose. If you had an oxygen tank and a food tube while wearing a scuba suit you could spend plenty a time upside down underwater because there isn’t as much weight on you."
] | [
"The human body normally works with gravity as much as possible, and has to develop methods to work against it. Our legs have a very powerful hookup to pull the blood back up from the bottom, for example. However, our brain doesn't. Normally, blood will flow back out of the head with little effort due to gravity. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some Brits pronounce words and names that end in "a" as if they end in "er"? | [
"English accents are typically non-rhotic - the R isn't pronounced, so a more usual question from Americans would be to ask why we would pronounce \"teener\" as if it was Tina, rather than the other way around. The exception would be if \"Tina\" is followed by a word beginning with a vowel, in which case you will o... | [
"Regarding H. H is what is often considered an aspirated vowel. Basically a vowel with a breath in front of it. It originally comes from ancient Greek where many vowels were preceeded by an h sound so \"o\" was generally pronounced \"ho\". When you are referring to a specific letter, the difference between using a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What stops the mother's immune system rejecting the baby in the womb? | [
"There is no direct connection between the mother and the fetus. The placenta acts as a barrier between the mother and fetus. In rare occurrences it can happen if the RH factor of the blood doesn't match the mother will develop antibodies to attack the fetus' red blood cells."
] | [
"Maybe to do with specific nutrients that the pregnant woman needs due to increased demands of the new life growing inside her."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do you lose consciousnes within seconds due to oxygen deprivation when air pressure drops rapidly? | [
"The oxygen in your blood diffuses into your blood from the air in your lungs because there's enough pressure caused by oxygen in the air. When the air pressure drops there isn't as much pressure pushing the oxygen into your blood so the oxygen starts *leaving* your blood to join the atmosphere. This results in you... | [
"It's called Orthostaric hypertension. Basically it's just a sharp drop in blood pressure because of the added stress put on your circulatory system by standing up. The decreases blood pressure means there is less oxygen going to your brain, slowing it down temporarily."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How easy is it to create your own country? | [
"Short answer: Very hard Longer answer: There aren't any defined rules about what makes something a country but there are some generally agreed upon guidelines. * **Permanent population**: If you or your family lived there then this shouldn't be too hard. * **Able to defend your borders**: When the British military... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is a simple IRA? How is it different from a 401(k)? | [
"This is a silly question, but it's actually very important: do you mean a \"simple IRA\" or a \"Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees (SIMPLE) IRA\"? Those are two different things."
] | [
"You can, and it's called an [Individual Retirement Account](_URL_0_), or IRA. They're governed under a different set of rules, but you can absolutely put away your own money for retirement. Aside from putting in pre-tax money, the main benefit of a 401K is if your employer matches your contributions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do elevators decide where to go? | [
"It depends. The buttons inside are only part of the input to the algorithm. There are call buttons on the floors. Many algorithms have been explored, and depending on the time of day the elevator system might respond differently. For example, in the afternoon, the elevators in my building think everybody wants to ... | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
When the President travels, domestically or abroad, how can he ensure all his food is safe to eat? | [
"Everything he eats is tested. It will also either be brought with him on Air Force 1 or there will be observers placed in the kitchen to watch how it is prepared and to check it for safety."
] | [
"Security is just one component of it. Dragging along multiple Secret Service agents is expensive. Food and lodging is another component. Now that the President brought his entourage with him, where will they stay and what will they eat? Travel is possibly the last component. It's not paying for tickets or such, bu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do prostate cancer survivors live longer than the average person? | [
"Survivable prostate cancer tends to appear in older men, so their life expectancy is already somewhat higher. Also, a group of cancer survivors can be expected to have a longer life expectancy than a group that includes people who die from cancer."
] | [
"Cancer is largely a disease of old age. The longer you live the more likely you are to get cancer of some sort or another. Historically, a lot of people didn’t live long enough to get cancer. On top of this, detection is getting better, so more cancers are caught, or are caught earlier, than was the case in the pa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why weren't there any convictions for Emmett Till's murder? | [
"Double jeopardy says that you cannot be subjected to the same trial twice. If your question is \"why is double jeopardy important,\" well, that's a matter of opinion; but the rationale is that a hostile government could subject a person to trial for the same crime over and over again otherwise. As for why there wa... | [
"A related question were there public figures at the time who were apologists that tried to justify for the actions of the Japanese military at Pearl Harbor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What's the difference between gluten and wheat? | [
"Gluten is a protein found in wheat (and other grains) just like lactose is found in milk. Gluten cause digestive issues in those with Celiac disease. It is also possible to have a wheat allergy which is a separate issue."
] | [
"It's a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and it gives bread it's chewyness. Unless you have an allergy to it or Celiac disease, it's not bad for you at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there no cameras on planes? | [
"Where and why? What is the camera trying to monitor? If you could be more specific, I could give you some of the rational. & #x200B; & #x200B;"
] | [
"They use people's cell phones to track the speed of cars on the roads."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Is reading in "chunks" as effective as reading all at once? | [
"You should actually remember the material *better* than if you sat down and read all 100 pages at once."
] | [
"Yes. Short articles - and let's be honest, you're mostly talking about reading memes and Facebook junk - do not stimulate the brain in the same way that reading a lengthy article or book on a single subject does. Scattering your attention is much less beneficial. Consider the studies done on young children who wat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are Catalan Numbers | [
"Catalan numbers are a series of numbers which is reoccuring and useful in combinatorics. They are similarly important like binominial coefficients and fibonacci numbers. There is a lot of math involved naturally, that makes little sense to cover here. They are used in calculting problems in graph-theorie and all s... | [
"The Words that are Capitalised are not done so through a Process of Randomness; Rather, They are Words which are Nouns or which are Nominalised Verbs. The Practise of capitalising Proper Nouns, Names, Titles, and the Initial Word of a Sentence is the Surviving Trace of this once-extant Rule, which was an Inheritan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If I get 50% of my DNA from my mother and 50% from my father, then what's the difference between my brothers and sisters DNA that makes it that we have different DNA. | [
"you get 50% from each parent, but which 50% you get is completely random"
] | [
"We don't actually share 50% of our DNA with siblings, half of our DNA came from each parent, but there's no assurance that your sibling would get genes in a way that you'd share exactly half of them (in reality, a vast majority of your DNA is \"Default Human\" DNA that everybody shares). It's just a convenient sho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about biology:"
} |
r/AskOuija Comment section | [
"They comment one letter at a time, no one comments back to back, once the question is answered they post \"goodbye\" to signify the question is answered. The default minscore is 10, which means your answer needs to be 10 characters or longer before the goodbye to trigger the flair. You can post anything: letters, ... | [
"You might find more info on this here: /r/EducationReform"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In USA, of the top 100 pharma companies by sales, 64 spent twice as much on marketing and sales as on research and development. 58 spent three times as much, 43 spent five times as much and 27 spent 10 times the amount. Why do they spend so little on research and so much on ads? | [
"The obvious answer is, that advertising creates more revenue by the dollar spent. The more complex answer is, that no matter how much you research, if you cannot convince people, doctors, pharmacies to buy your products, you cannot make any more money to keep researching. The cynical answer is that buying Doctors ... | [
"The companies spend more money than they earn. For example, in 2016, Twitter made 2.5 billion dollars, mostly through selling ads. But they spent 930 million dollars running their data centers, 710 million dollars on research and development (e.g. engineers building new products), 100 million dollars on interest, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why/how is a 24 MP full frame camera sensor better than a 26 MP APS-C camera sensor | [
"A \"full frame\" sensor is the \"full\" size of a 35mm film frame while APS-C sensors are smaller, originally shrunk to make compact (film) cameras smaller. Given that the pixel count of the sensors are almost the same, the individual sensor elements (think of them as pixels) themselves have to be bigger in the fu... | [
"> My simple logic would think that making the DSLR lens would be comparatively cheaper because you would not be working with miniature lens and components which will give you more flexibility in design and selecting components. An iPhone has a 4.15 mm lens diameter. A DSLR probably has a 35mm diameter lens. Why wo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How did early explorers map out the shape of countries so accurately? One specific example would be Matthew Flinders with Australia. | [
"In 1803 you have marine chronometer ie good clock that work on ships and Sextant so measure the height in the sky of stars and the sun. The marine chronometer emerged in the 1760s. The sextant was earlier that century but before that you had the Mariner's astrolabe what had a worse accuracy but worked, they and ot... | [
"The point of the voyage where he first landed in Australia was to do scientific observations and exploration in the Pacific Ocean. So naturally he would land on the East Coast."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is there so much conflicting advice about what kind of diet is best for the human body? | [
"We'll for one there has never been a well designed study that compares different diets and follows these patients over the course of a lifetime. The biggest reason this has never been done (and probably will never be done): who wants to restrict their intake to 1 strict diet for their entire life all in the name o... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Can you melt wood without it combusting? If so, what is the end result? | [
"No, the wood will undergo pyrolysis if you prevent it from catching fire. This is how charcoal is made. Ultimately you can't melt wood, because the bonds that make up the 'mix of stuff' that is wood will break down at a lower temperature than the melting point of same. So it stops being wood before it can melt. I... | [
"Burning is a chemical reaction and needs a certain temperature to get started, differing with every material. If that temperature is lower than its melting temperature, it burns. If not, it melts!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:"
} |
Why don’t you get a zap when you have a charger plugged into the wall and touch the metal parts that plug into your phone? | [
"Your skin is a bit of an insulator and can resist the 5-12 volts that typical electronics (and car batteries) work with. Electricity penetrates into insulating materials depending on the voltage; voltage is like height for falling rocks, the higher the voltage the more penetration the electricity will have across ... | [
"Son, the best way to charge any electronic device, is to plug the plug thing with the prongs into an electrical outlet generally located on a wall."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Electrical appliances:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Electrical appliances:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do foods taste good or bad depending on the person? | [
"I think it’s one of those things but we have different taste buds for different tastes (sweet, salty, etc.) on different locations on our tongues. Funny story about tastes. My Anatomy and Physiology teacher was teaching us about the reproductive system and that fructose is part of ejaculation and “exciting” the sp... | [
"Sense of smell is crucially important to the sense of taste. Congested nose = screwed up sense of smell = screwed up sense of taste. Pretty much all there is to it. Same reason things taste different if you plug your nose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does the U.S. presidential approval rating system work? Who gets polled and how? | [
"That depends on the things. First is their test methodology which includes sample size. Second is how accurate they want the test to be. Third is if they want the make the end result to come out a certain way, or just think that it will and assume that is what is meant by the days. Polling is usually done by makin... | [
"Exit polls. People stand outside polling places and ask people questions after they vote. They get demographic information, as well as information like who they voted for, what their main issues are, and so on. Voters can decline to participate but the exit polls seem to be pretty accurate nonetheless."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
The difference between amortization and depreciation | [
"If you're wondering which would be applied to something, depreciation is for things that physically wear out, like machinery, while amortization is for things that don't physically wear out, but eventually expire, like a patent."
] | [
"It is when a company buys a non-consumable good they will keep indefinitely. A printer is a capital expense, paper for the printer is not. They are accounted for differently because they represent one-time purchases as opposed to recurrent expenses. You are usually allowed to deduct depreciation of goods purchase ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are migranes so much more frequently by women than men? | [
"I don’t think we fully know. One likely contributor is the differences in sex hormones between men and women. The statistics we have right now suggest that migraine effects about 17% of women and 6% of men each year."
] | [
"That's actually a common syndrome in men. It's called post coital tristesse and is characterised by feelings of sadness, emotional detatchment and regret after sex. Both females and males can experience PCT but men are more likely; There's nothing wrong with you, it's more common than you think."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what happens at the atomic or molecular level when a piece of paper is cut with a scissor? How it is decided which atom goes in one of the two new pieces of paper? | [
"The scissors break the bonds between the atoms as the sharp edge has stronger bonds than the paper. In terms of what goes where. It's truly random. I know that's a shitty answer but at that scale it's just a game of probability."
] | [
"Molecules of any substance are bonded by different kind of forces. In ELI5 terms molecules are bonded by holding hands. This bond is weaker in liquids compared to solids. So a water molecule in room temperature only needs a tiny amount of energy to let the hands of his friends go and jump into air. When the temper... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why does your eyesight get blurry when you're spacing out? | [
"To focus light in your eye muscles squeeze a lens that focuses light. Depending on how the lens is squeezed things closer or further away are in focus. When you aren't specifically trying to focus on something the muscles relax, and your lens isn't been squeezed anymore. This means that your lens focuses on things... | [
"Optometrist here! Your eyelids basically ooze really moisturizing oil whenever you blink. So the less you blink/the longer your eyes stay open, the tears on your eye are literally evaporating and exposing your eye to the air which causes that burning feeling! Super common these days the more you're on your phone o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Biology:"
} |
Why are some prisoners sentenced to several life sentences or an unreasonable amount of years in prison? | [
"to ensure that even if one sentence gets appealed or if they have good behavior, they still can’t be released. also sometimes to prove a point. also most crimes have minimum sentences so legally they have to have multiple of those sentences if they have multiple of the same charge, although in that specific case t... | [
"'Life imprisonment' as described by the International Criminal Court in The Netherlands is open for parole after 25 years or at the very least a review. If somebody has committed multiple murders let's say, the Judge can order that the 'life' sentences are served either concurrently (at the same time) or consecuti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is Magic the Gathering? | [
"It's a strategic card game, where each player starts with 20 \"life\", and the goal is to get your opponent down to 0 \"life\". There are lots of little rules and regulations, I'd recommend (if you want to) to sit down and ask him to teach you :) that's the best way to get a grasp on what the game is and how it wo... | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What the heck is oxidative stress and what causes it? | [
"\"Oxidation\" in chemistry/biochemistry refers to the loss of electrons from an atom/molecule. When these electrons are removed they become \"free radicals\" which can do damage to other cellular structures. As a result, many \"health\" products advertise their \"*anti*-oxidant\" properties in an attempt to counte... | [
"Your body is really good at converting extra calories into fat. And, it is especially good at doing this with simple sugar. Oddly enough, because of the hormone insulin, it is actually better at doing this with sugar than it is with fat! Now, in addition to this, increased sugar in you blood leads to organ and car... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how is a "feels like" temperature calculated. | [
"Wind pulls moisture from things. That moisture contains heat. Humidity changes how much of that moisture and heat the wind can take. It can be calculated between wind speed, humidity, and actual temperature or measured with what is basically a thermometer wrapped in a wet sponge. Thus, the static temperature is -2... | [
"The percentage is (iirc) based on the air's capacity to hold water. 100% mearly means that the air, at it's current temperature, can hold no more water. It's saturated. Whatever, if I had a 5 year old, he'd be a smart little bastard. Until someone comes along with a better answer, [Humidity](_URL_0_)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does this wheel generating heat not damage paint while pulling adhesive off? | [
"This might be a better question for /r/AutoDetailing but I'll give it a shot. * The wheel is made of a plastic that's fairly slippery against clear coated paint, so it doesn't generate a huge amount of heat from friction. * It does damage the paint, but it's only shallow damage to the clear coat. Generally, after ... | [
"The rubber uses frictional force to scrape away the graphite marks. In other words, super-fine sand paper."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does hibernation work? | [
"I can answer a couple of these. (For bears) They don't pee or poop but do lose a lot of weight to breathing out water vapor. Sleep shouldn't affect any immune function. It's often not true hibernation either, just a period of their life when they stay in the den and do very little other than sleep. But you could w... | [
"Can you not get an erection in space?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is 3G and lesser cellular reception often completely unusable, when it used to be a perfectly functional signal strength for using data? | [
"In addition to the relative data usage already described, the 3G network *is* actually worse than it was previously. The 3g networks are being cannibalized to increase lte coverage."
] | [
"4G LTE is a type of mobile phone data connection. Just like 3g but much faster. 4g actually runs off of old analog TV broadcasting towers. It gives you super fast data connection speeds. Over 3g, 4g technically only gives you faster internet, better voice quality."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Technology:"
} |
so how do all the clocks synced to phones/computers know what time it is? Like which one is in charge? | [
"They're synced with either a server or cell phone tower which uses network time coordination protocols that gets synced with coordinated universal time. Coordinated universal time is determined by international atomic time which is the average output of 400 atomic clocks."
] | [
"Did it automatically set its time? There are radio stations that broadcast the time is a format that can be easily deciphered by electronics. This allows clocks to automatically set the time and change to DST."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes rhymes in songs sound good? | [
"Human brains are big complex pattern-matching machines. Pattern-matching is a really really good survival trait, which is why it's so ingrained in us. But it has weird side effects, like repetition/rhymes being pleasing, as well as things like alliteration and consonance, and sometimes seeing patterns in random/ar... | [
"Unlike hard facts Songs have a nice pattern and rhythm that makes them much easier to remember as a whole Same reason many stories told before writing things down was common have a notable cadence to them like nursery rhymes"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Cognitive psychology:"
} |
How and why does cancer develop/grow? Have people always been affected by it or is it a more recent disease? | [
"Your cells have a code in them that tells them when and how to divide. Cancer is basically a glitch in that code. The cell divides too quickly. That glitched code is now passed to the newly formed cells. Now those cells divide quickly and pass that glitch on. Cell division takes energy, so these quickly dividing g... | [
"1) Cancer is our own cells malfunctioning, so it is difficult to find something to kill these cells without causing too much damage to the rest of the body. 2) Cancer is not just on3 disease. It is really quite a few different disorders that are all grouped together. So even if you find something that works well f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If you feel cold in the house, but step outside for a minute outside, you'll feel instantly warmer coming back in. But if you stay outside long enough, you'll still feel cold coming back in. What is the breaking point at which this changes? | [
"well you first need to understand how your body actually feels temperature and the thing about that is that it can't. you only feel changes in temperature, if you touch something colder than your skin, heat will transfer to that materia and your nervs and brain interpret that as I'm losing heat the this must be co... | [
"It feels warm to sit where anyone else was sitting, including where you were sitting, if your butt is colder than the seat. But if you were just sitting there, then your butt is the same temperature as the seat, so it won't feel warm. However, if you were standing, your butt gets a bit colder because you're not si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is 5G and why are people concerned about it? | [
"5G is the next generation of cell phone technologies that is set to replace the 4G technologies. In order to do this the cell phone service providers basically have to replace all their equipment. And when they do they tend to use the cheapest supplier on the market. And currently Huawei is by far the cheapest sup... | [
"Context? What is a \"smart meter\", and where is this controversy based out of? Who is involved? Thanks!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do the grooves in records make music? | [
"[The grooves](_URL_0_) in a record are basically the [audio waveform](_URL_1_) that needs to be played. A needle runs along the grooves, being wiggled by the grooves, and the needle then uses that wiggling to wiggle air, which is sound."
] | [
"First what decade is it? But to answer your question, if you look at the tape adaptor, you will notice there is no tape but rather a metal head. This head creates the magnetic signals that would be present on the tape to tell your stereo what tones to make."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it called the dash-board of any vehicle? | [
"On horse drawn carts yucky stuff would be dashed up from horse's hooves on to the driver. A board was used at the front of the cart to stop the yucky stuff hitting anyone. So as the board was to stop dashed up muck it got the name \"dashboard\". As cars came along the name stuck for the panel up front protecting t... | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Statistical Significance vs Effect Size | [
"My quick way to explain this is: Statistical significance - is this true? Effect size - does it matter? Let's say I do a massive experiment on a diet pill using loads of people. At the end of 12 months I find the people using the pill are on average 50 grams lighter. Because my experiment had a huge sample I can s... | [
"Side 1 - For Vaccines: -Science Side 2 - Against Vaccines: -Paranoid idiocy"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
I've noticed in UK TV military/politicians refer to their superiors as Mom when she's a woman. Is this an actual practice? | [
"Oh my this gave me a giggle, and I’m sorry for that. British service folks tend to call their female superiors “Ma’am”, which certainly can sound like “Mom” but I’m sorry to say is not quite the same thing. Thanks for the great reminder that accents can make a big difference across the same language!"
] | [
"\"Us\" is a first-person plural pronoun. Referring to oneself in plural is usually done by royalty (the \"royal we\" as I know it) which would explain why I have primarily seen language like you quoted being used by people in the UK. I would assume, therefore, that people saying things like \"give us a kiss\" are ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why polystyrene(yogurt cups) get smaller, when heated, while polystyrene(small balls) get bigger? | [
"Both just melt. But the cups are so tightly squeezed into a mold that there are no air bubbles left in the polystyrene. But the polystyrebe balls have air bubbles in them that expand when heated."
] | [
"The same thing can happen with oatmeal! The reason why oat bran in raisin bran hardens like cement is the starch. When it gets wet and dries, it's basically acting like a water/milk activated adhesive. Have you seen compostable utensils before? Those don't melt when used to eat wet foods, or even hot (up to 200 de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why is it that when disarming a bomb, that you dont just cut all the wires at once? | [
"Because if you could then movies with bombs in them would be pretty anti climactic. In real life bombs tend to be much simpler and easier to defuse (assuming they even work to begin with)."
] | [
"Well to being with its dangerous, are you just gonna throw a rock at it? Second if it does not go off you now have a live un-detonated bomb, an absolute worse case scenario for any bomb tech making the situation even more dangerous. Lastly the major issue with landmines is that we dont know where they are, until ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why is aluminum foil used to keep food warm, while it conducts heat well? | [
"You're totally right that it conducts heat well. The proper way to use foil as an insulator though, is to not tightly wrap something you want to keep warm, but wrap a sort of \"air bubble\" around it. Hot air insulates pretty well. If you see foil wrapped tightly around a food item (like a burrito), it's to keep ... | [
"high specific heat of aluminum + thermal conductivity Basically that block of aluminum holds a lot of energy because it takes quite a bit of energy to heat aluminum (as compared to many other metals) and the aluminum readily loses that energy when it touches the ice - thus causing the ice to melt quickly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are there bubbles in water if I leave it for some time? | [
"The water system is pressurised, when sitting in a cup it is in a lower pressure environment and the gasses held within the water are released. What gasses? Additives or even just atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen. The same thing happens to humans when they go deep diving, and we call it the bends."
] | [
"The chlorine in tap water should keep bacterial growth at bay for about 2 days. After that, you run the risk of bacterial growth. There will also be marked pH differences that will make the water taste funny, thanks to absorption of carbon dioxide by the standing water. In short, dump put that water and wash the c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why do smart phones not have removable batteries like my flip phone from 2005? Is it just money for the companies or it's there actual technical/mechanical reasons? | [
"A removable battery is its own little device and would have to be protected the same way that the phone is protected. This generally means that you need to house the battery in its own chassis which adds a few millimeters on the dimensions. However if the battery is located inside the phone and will never be remov... | [
"It's not really that. It's because they are removing the jack when they know so many of us rely on one. Over that they have done this before with chargers as well... Just changing them so that people need to spend more.... Their phones are already the price of a mediocre gaming computer. It's insane how much money... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did Europeans discover America by travelling west before Asians found it by travelling east? | [
"Pacific is larger than the Atlantic You can island hop easier across via Iceland and Greenland than you can across the Aleutians European sailing ships had greater ocean crossing ability than did the Asian ships Europeans had an age of discovery and exploration (driven by money) that was well funded so more expedi... | [
"There has been trade between Europe and Africa, directly or indirectly, for thousands of years. Africa, Europe, and Asia are all connected by land or very short ocean distances. Diseases had already been shared between Europe and Africa long before Europeans began colonizing Africa. Africa was not 'discovered' in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about History:"
} |
How do carbohydrates (excluding sugars) affect your insulin levels? Is a gram of non-sugar carbohydrates the same as a gram of sugar on the body? | [
"Carbs get converted to sugar in the body so... they are sort of the same thing. 5 grams of carbs goes to about 4 grams of sugar."
] | [
"What exactly do you mean? You are constantly using carbohydrates for energy, there is no start up time/period where you don't use carbohydrates. Is your question about the time it takes from ingesting food to using the carbohydrates contained in it specifically?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how do airplanes flying the same flight routes on different airlines fly in the sky at similar times? | [
"It depends on where you are located. They usually have minimum vertical and horizontal separation distances. When they are flying trans-oceanic flights, they basically fly in \"lanes\" where they are spaced 10 minutes apart or so and given an assigned altitude. Everyone just stays on their assigned track and altit... | [
"Planes dont fly in straight lines (over land) because they fly between navigational beacons that correspond to their flight plans (which are filed ahead of time). These kindof form highways in the sky if you think about it. Planes can deviate for weather (to avoid storms, or to catch an advantageous tail wind), bu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does radiation both cause and kill cancer? | [
"In oversimplified terms, radiation induces DNA damage. For the purposes of killing cancer, the goal is to induce enough damage in the DNA of cancer cells that the cancer cells are unable to repair sufficiently, and they die. However, radiation also causes DNA damage in any \"normal\" cells that happen to be in the... | [
"The chemotherapy agents used to treat cancer can, themselves, give rise to other cancers. So... yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people change voice tone when they speak different languages? | [
"Pitch, inflection, cadence, and emphasis are the basis of tone in this instance, and are also really big indicators of meaning. & #x200B; Consider the following sentence. Caps word having the emphasis attached. (Pretty well known example.) SHE said she did not take his money. (Would mean it was not someone else ... | [
"When I make that gesture there is no sound associated with it. Are you referring to the people who click their tongue when they make this gesture? Or something else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can a country estimate how many illegal immigrants there are within the country, and how can they estimate how much money illegal immigrants cost the country every year? | [
"Majority of illegals in the US are people who came to the country legally on visas and then stayed and disappeared once their visas expired. With that information of who stayed it's very easy get a starting number. Then you factor in lots of other variables and you get a more accurate number."
] | [
"I am a Canadian citizen, and am in no way an expert on immigration, but i believe that the US places limits on immigration because there is limited resources (housing, jobs, healthcare etc.) that exist to serve US-born citizens. Now imagine that the US relaxes its immigration policies and allows more immigrants i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do your fingers get al raisin-y when wet? And why does the rest of your body remain normal? | [
"This is an evolutionary tactic to help us grip and hold things in water. Since your fingers are doing most of the holding they're what is most liable to pruning. Your toes also do the same for the same reasons"
] | [
"The white part is dry nails because it's not touching the skin and getting the natural oils. This is also why the white part turns translucent when you submerge them in water for long enough but go back to being white when they dry. I googled this a while back cause I was curious too hahaha"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
If a humans average body temp is 98.6 degrees, why doesn’t everything below that feel cold? | [
"Our bodies are essentially like mini furnaces: always producing heat. We operate best at \\~98.6 degrees, but if we \\*lived\\* in an area that had an ambient temperature of 98.6, our internal heat production wouldn't dissipate as quickly, and we would heat up. We can never be colder than our surroundings, but wil... | [
"I don't think they are colder than the room, it just feels that way. Unless you keep the room at 96.5degrees F, most room temperatures are much colder than normal body temps"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
When a roofer doesn't charge some one their deductible, why isn't that insurance fraud? | [
"The deal is that you will pay your deductible and the insurance will pay the rest in order to hire a third party to fix your damages. The third party trusts the insurance company will pay, however they might not trust you to pay your deductible. So they ask for an advance payment equal to the deductible. You then ... | [
"From my understanding the original bill is meant for the insurance company and in the case of your uninsured friend the hospital realizes they won't be able to collect that entire amount so they settle for much less. Can you see what adjustments were made on your bill?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we know the universe is expanding and the light from those stars isn’t just now getting to the Earth? | [
"Judging from your phrasing, it seems like you have the picture that the universe is getting bigger around the edges, and the new material comes into our field of view. This is not the cosmological picture. Our current picture of the universe is that all of it exists, and all of it is spreading out from each other.... | [
"First, it is important to level set on the distance. The closest galaxy to the Milky Way is the Andromeda galaxy. It is around 2.5 million light years away. A light year is the distance that light travels in a year. Since light travels at roughly 300,000,000 meters per second, a light year is a very far distance. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about astronomy:"
} |
How do different antibiotics target different parts of the body? | [
"The thing about antibiotics is that they only effect bacteria, which are very different from your cells (if you’re 16:bacteria are prokaryotes and your cells are eukaryotes). So as previous reply said, the antibiotics disperse throughout your body and attack the bacteria... all of them. Including the good ones in ... | [
"Bacteria are generally (with exceptions) self replicating cells with cell walls and the ability to independently form proteins via transcription and translation. Viruses can range from pieces of rogue DNA or RNA that need to infect an organism in order to replicate. For example the reason why penicillin can't kill... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why can some insects lift objects 100x their weight while larger animals can't ? | [
"Square-cube law. When things shrink in size, their surface area decreases at a different rate than their volume, and it so happens that strength is based on surface area while weight is based on volume."
] | [
"Why don't they exist? Because there is no evolutionary advantage for birds to be massive enough and carry enough weight for humans to ride them. Why isn't it practical? Weight. The largest flying birds in the world are a couple varieties of albatross, with wingspans around 10 feet and they weigh a mere 19 pounds.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why bigger trucks use diesel and most cars use normal gasoline? | [
"Diesel engines are more fuel efficient, which is important with heavy trucks. Most cars are gasoline powered because gasoline engines are cheaper to make, lighter, more powerful for their size, and emit less of certain types of pollutants."
] | [
"Because its a better quality mix of fuel, depending on the year of your car, if its newer you need to put the higher octane fuel to run your engine properly and if you have say a 1998 model car you are better off putting the lower octane fuel in for maximun performance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does popcorn 'pop'? | [
"Popcorn is a special kind of corn. Of all the types of corn, popcorn is the only variety that pops. Inside each kernel of popcorn is a tiny droplet of water surrounded by a hard shell called a hull. As the popcorn is heated, the water turns into steam, which builds pressure inside the kernel."
] | [
"Because the popcorn button is evil. Depending on the power of the microwave and the size of the bag, you may end up with unpopped kernels or burnt popcorn. Better to just listen to the bag and wait for the kernels to mostly stop popping to take it out of the microwave. That's the best way to maximize your popcorn ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is there such a huge repeated number of same instruments in orchestras? | [
"They aren't all playing the same notes. Check out 1:30, one group in the middle is doing short notes, the group closest to the camera is doing long notes. (And some of the violins might be violas) Also, more violins means a stronger, richer sound."
] | [
"There is no reason for it to be in the order it is. There is even less reason to change its order."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are movie outtakes and deleted scenes usually a poorer quality and resolution to regular movie scenes? | [
"Because they didn’t go through post filming editing generally. There’s no need to spend time and money editing something that won’t make it to the final product."
] | [
"Previews aren't always based on final cuts. When a preview features a scene that isn't in the final film, it isn't out of an attempt to deceive, but because the editing changed between the time the preview was constructed and when the final film was released."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
if when a baby had jaundice, they can do phototherapy, why can’t jaundice in adult be treated the same way? | [
"Jaundice in babies is caused by the babies immature liver not being able to handle the breakdown of fetal haemoglobin as it is replaced by adult haemoglobin. The breakdown of haemoglobin makes bilirubin which the liver attaches to other molecules so it can leave the body. Light helps breakdown bilirubin. Severe ja... | [
"People who have chronically been on antibiotics for one reason or another lack the gut flora needed to properly digest food. Someone poops in a bag doctors mix it with water to turn it to diarrhea then inject it into the recipient's colon"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do our bodies not ache after sleeping for several hours vs. when awake in a stilled position for several hours? | [
"When you sleep, all your muscles are in their relaxed state, and not under any stress. When seated, you aren't fully relaxed. Your back muscles are tensed as well as others like your butt. So that's the difference."
] | [
"Before someone talks about sleep cycles and whatnot, try drinking water when you wake up. Very possible to be under hydrated after sleeping for a long time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
How is medicine made? | [
"Chemical precursors are procured, and then a series of reactions is carried out until you get the end product you want. [Here is a great NileRed video where he chemically converts Aspirin into Tylenol.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"How are you going to change the filter?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How to movies make money on Netflix/Hulu/Prime? | [
"Streaming services pay the owners of content license fees. So maybe Disney says to Netflix \"We want $15 million for you to have Moana on your service until December 5th of 2018.\" (Completely pulling that number out of thin air.) Then they have the rights to use the movie for a set amount of time for viewing on... | [
"As a non American, I feel the same about Netflix, Hulu, and until recently Pandora."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Occam's razor. I I’m aware that it means the simpler solution is usually the answer, but what does the razor have to do with it? | [
"For the record, Occam’s razor doesn’t say to use the simplest solution, but the one that requires the fewest unprovable assumptions. Basically the fewer things you have to assume, the less chance that you get an assumption wrong. Usually that’s equivalent to the “simplest” solution, but not always"
] | [
"Occam's Razor isn't meant to be a disproof of anything. It is more along the lines of a useful heuristic. Heuristics are simple rules to follow that often give you approximations to problems that are 'good enough' for most situations. Is an extremely complicated theory possibly the correct one about a given topic?... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
I'm seeing Huawei pop up a lot in the news. Can somebody please explain the drama? | [
"Huawei makes the equipment that runs telephone systems. Huawei is linked to the Chinese government. Security firms have found chips in Huawei equipment that have no reason to be there, possibly being a hardware hack from the factory that could give access to everything that passes through that equipment."
] | [
"I'm not sure if this exclusively a US thing. We get plenty of stories like this in the UK."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When looking at seconds on a digital clock, why does it seem like it takes more than a second just after one second has passed? | [
"Because we tend to think seconds are shorter than they really are. There are documented tests/studies where people are asked to count 10 seconds (or whatever) in their head, and end up thinking 10 seconds elapsed way before it actually had. Incidentally, good rodeo riders have a great sense of time when it comes ... | [
"If the rate of rotation is just under the frame rate, it can create an optical illusion. Imagine recording video of a really fast clock with a hand initially pointing at 12. Now, imagine if the next frame was the hand pointing at 11. In reality, the hand moved all the way through 1, 2, 3, etc., but the next pictur... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a nation make money other than with taxes and trades? On that note, how could a nation make money from trade other than from trade tariff ? | [
"Countries can also own stocks in for-profit companies, and receive profits the same way a private person owning stocks would. There's also [sovereign wealth funds](_URL_0_) for more diverse investment."
] | [
"\"Banks funding wars\" is a rothschilde conspiracy. A Bank keeps your money safe while loaning other people that money and paying you interest. Sometimes banks can choose to invest their large amounts of capital in enterprise, projects or loan money to specific people or groups to invest in new business. Any corpo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are some nationalities considered a race, and not others? | [
"Mainly due to the fact that we want to categorize with the intent of adding cultural meaning or simply to..simplify. What I’m trying to say is: The term race wouldn’t appear if there was no agenda. A world with easily distinguishable categories is easier to comprehend and it’s easier to make way for someone’s agen... | [
"Legally, if you are an US citizen then you are an American. Informally you can identify yourself however you like. There is no legal definition for most identities except for Native Americans."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Social Sciences:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Social Sciences:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does your stomach feel all fluttery and nauseous when you go over crests or twists on a rollercoaster. | [
"It’s mostly because of your inner ear. Your inner ear helps control your body’s balance and sends signals to your central nervous system. [Good link](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Because being dizzy is a fun sensation. Some adults(me) still enjoy being spun in circles. A lot of people enjoy things like roller coasters or whiskey for a similar sensation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does the friction force between the disk and the rotor transfer to the force between the tires and the road when stopping a vehicle? | [
"The brake basically consist of a pair of pliers (calliper with break pads) that are stationary and attached to the car frame, and the disc (or rotor) which is attached to wheel. Therefore when your driving the disc rotates with the wheel. When you hit the break the \"pliers\" close down on the disc. So there's fri... | [
"Coulumbs law of friction states that the kinetic friction is independent of velocity. I don't think it is an increase in friction during the end of retardation. Rather a negative acceleration you feel when the suspension, rubber in the tires and your body goes back to a relaxed state just after the car comes to a ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does trading options work? | [
"Trader Alice thinks that MegaCorp stock price is going to go up sometime in the next few days. Trader Bob thinks that MegaCorp stock price is going to go down. & #x200B; Alice and Bob sign an options contract. The contract will expire after 4 days. At any time during that 4 day period, Alice has the option to BUY... | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How Japan economic miracle can happen and how it ends | [
"There was no \"miracle\" and there is \"end\". Post WW2 Japan embraced modernization and industrialization (just like many Western countries did a century before that). Because it did not have to re-invent the wheel and could import technology, it could grow very quickly from a low base. Japan had (and still has) ... | [
"What do you mean? Do you want to know why we have these crises, how they affect us, what's actually happening, or what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How exactly do rapidly blinking lights cause seizures? | [
"It has to do with bright flashing lights being too much for the brain to handle. The contrast between bright and dark at fast speeds overstimulates your brain. You can test this by staring at flashing bright lights for an extended period; it will most likely give you a headache."
] | [
"Apparently the body releases a certain odor that is undetectable to humans, but not to dogs right before some types of seizures."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Nuclear power generation | [
"What happens is that they heat up water, which turns into steam, which turns turbines, which generate electricity."
] | [
"My guess is mostly for nuclear decommissioning and security plus the space station."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about International relations:"
} |
How does water remain trapped inside our ear when our ears, quite obviously, have holes? | [
"It’s possible to get fluid trapped behind your eardrum. If you get an ear infection, fluid can collect behind it. Your ear _should_ be a closed system and not have holes in it, though."
] | [
"The mucus is a liquid, a very thick liquid. It may feel like a solid but it's still running in there. Thus it runs from one side of your head to the other with the help of gravity, just very slowly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Health:"
} |
How did humans train horses to willingly charge into danger or death? | [
"Horses, like all animals, don't have a concept of their mortality. They have instincts which tell them to avoid trouble that helps keep them alive. However once you get a horse used to the sounds of warfare, they'll charge right in to wherever you point them. Horses that were too scared simply wouldn't be used."
] | [
"Same reason they let people ride them, pull wagons, and plow fields for humans They were domesticated and trained to do so. A war horse simply receives different training than a farm horse. Instead of practicing pulling a heavy load, it practices being ridden with a heavy rider with lots of noise going on around i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
how do debt consolidation companies make money? | [
"They negotiate down the debt with the credit agencies, contest debts and offer lump sum payments of a lesser amount. For example, a lender or credit card company who has held a $5,000 debt for 3 years, is suddenly offered $2000 upfront to call it even they usually take it, or a collection agency has bought a $1,50... | [
"They want to know how much money you make, because this helps them to guess if you will be able to make the monthly loan payments. Your gross income is how much money you make."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do football games from the 50's look as if they are slowed down compared to today's games? | [
"Less effective drugs. Smaller pool of players to draw from. Nutrition. Most important factor is that player moves encompassed a wider range of choices. Less specific and intensive coaching over the player's history and thus less muscle-memory-specific moves."
] | [
"Many old TV shows and movies were shot on celluloid film. It has a great picture but the networks broadcast the shows digitally. Digital tech wasn't what it is today 15+ years ago thus greatly decreasing the quality of the picture. Now that digital HD has caught up to Celluloid more or less, the broadcasts can loo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the pros to nuclear energy? Is the storage of waste still a problem? What roadblocks are stopping it from being viable? | [
"It isn't. Storage *is* a consideration, but the problems caused by nuclear waste are infinitesimal compared to those caused by fossil fuel power. To answer the title question, nuclear is already viable. The biggest roadblocks are political. That said, I'd prefer molten thorium fluoride reactors, or ideally fusion... | [
"They are not used in America because this type of breeder reactor wasn't designed yet before the US banned nuclear power from all but it's Navy. If the US had allowed new plants to be researched and built then you'd see huge advances today (same reason that marijuana medical advances have skyrocketed in the last y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Energy and Environment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Energy and Environment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did the New York abortion law that was recently passed include third trimester abortion? | [
"Complications or a fetal anomaly are the really the only reasons for a 3rd trimester/late abortion. If the mother is at risk or if the fetus is dead/dying/no quality of life, then a late term abortion is in order."
] | [
"The US Supreme Court ruled in the 70's that abortion is legal because you have a constitutional right to privacy, that extends to your medical treatments. Any bill seen as flat out outlawing abortion has been thrown out since. They have allowed some restrictions on it though, like late term abortions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between cane sugar and any other type of sugar? Why is cane sugar advertised so heavily? | [
"In the US most sugar comes from sugar beets, not sugar cane, because sugar cane grows best in warmer climates than are common here. It’s also to distinguish from corn syrup sweeteners. But yeah, it’s just sugar, and they think you’re stupid."
] | [
"The biggest reason is that it's sugar, and it's in a lot of things, and you really don't need that much sugar. It's so cheap that it gets added into things in order to improve sales, because we love sweets. There is also some concern as to how your body handles it compared to standards like honey or table sugar. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a typical shuffle algorithm work, and why is Spotify's shuffle especially horrible? | [
"There are generally two ways to \"shuffle\". The first, it looks at every song you have, and creates a playlist of those songs in a random order. This ensures that each song only plays once, and that every song is played before any repeat. The second is more random. It chooses a random song each time you play a so... | [
"Probably to conserve memory usage. But their methods of doing it are fairly aggressive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
With optical lenses having a fixed focal point, how does it help with vision of the eyes? Specially since the eyes have a dynamic focal “point”. | [
"Because the eye's lens is flexible and controlled by muscles, and thus has a dynamic focal range. The problem with nearsightedness (typical \"poor vision\", where you can't see things far away) is that the eyeball is slightly elongated, like a football. This brings the retina back behind the focal range of the ey... | [
"> I thought the focus of the eyes had something to with the point where the line if sight of both your eyes cross is your point of focus. Nope. Your eyes focus by using tiny muscles to change the shape of the lens."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
what’s the difference between “putting someone to sleep” and strangling them to death? | [
"Movies lie to you. You can't knock somebody out for an extended period of time without seriously injuring them, and causing brain damage in the process. This goes for sleeper holds, or physically knocking someone out. IRL putting someone in a sleeper hold cuts the blood supply to the brain. The brain is blood-hung... | [
"Because its easier for you to hear them scream in pain as you squeeze them to death."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does rice get water out of phones? | [
"It acts as a desiccant absorbs the water from the inside of the device. Water likes to be in equilibrium and if it’s dryer outside the phone than inside the water goes out."
] | [
"They also take in nutrients from the dirt. That's how you can get things like iron etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can we tell the light we are seeing is billions of years old ? | [
"Light is made up of particles. Those particles have to travel quite some distance in order to reach us. Since we know how fast light travels we can deduct how far away the source is and how long it took that light to reach us. In fact, there are parts of space we can't see because the light particles simply haven'... | [
"The only way we could see an image of the past earth would be if it were reflected back to us. If there was some gigantic mirror out in space then we could look at it to see what the Earth looked like in the distant past. But, for many reasons, this isn't practical. But, we can't directly catch up with the image o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do digital thermometers accurately read the temperature? How do they figure it out? | [
"The most common way is a *thermistor*, a kind of resistor whose resistance varies with temperature - the warmer it gets, the more it resists electrical current going through it. All conductors exhibit this phenomenon, but in ordinary resistors you choose materials to *reduce* the effect, in thermistors you do th... | [
"The laser is just for aiming purposes, it doesn’t actually participate in the temperature measurement. As for the infra red, all bodies which contain heat emit infrared radiation. The warmer something is, the more it radiates. There are infrared sensors that can measure this radiation and calculate the correspondi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Science and Technology:"
} |
If employees can legally end an employment contract at anytime by giving 1 months notice, what is the purpose of 2 year and 5 year contracts? | [
"A contract can only be ended if the terms in the contract allow for a way to end it before an expiration date, so there's that first. IF you sign a contract that allows one or both parties to end the contract at anytime, they can end it anytime, but if that is not done, it will last until the contract is over. If ... | [
"It's actually worse than you think. The two week notice is a common requirement for the *employee* to provide the *employer*. IE, if I am an accountant at a company and I want to gracefully quit my job to take employment somewhere else, I should provide a two week notice to my boss. But in most, if not all, states... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can the rubiks cube be solved with simple algorythms, from any starting point? | [
"Because a Rubik's Cube has a finite and equal number of facings. While staggering to think of, there are roughly 43 quintillion moves that can be made on a standard Rubik's Cube. With each facing assigned a numeric value, solving it becomes a mathematic equation where you have color groups (white 1-9, blue 1-9, et... | [
"Rubiks cubes are pretty cool when it comes to how mixed up a cube can actually be. No matter how long you spend altering a cube it will never be more than 20 face turns away from being solved. This means that if you know all the rules to solving them, its just a matter of how fast your hands can move."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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